WO2014136593A1 - 二次電池状態検出装置および二次電池状態検出方法 - Google Patents
二次電池状態検出装置および二次電池状態検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014136593A1 WO2014136593A1 PCT/JP2014/054242 JP2014054242W WO2014136593A1 WO 2014136593 A1 WO2014136593 A1 WO 2014136593A1 JP 2014054242 W JP2014054242 W JP 2014054242W WO 2014136593 A1 WO2014136593 A1 WO 2014136593A1
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- secondary battery
- state
- discharge
- value
- predetermined function
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery state detection device and a secondary battery state detection method.
- the secondary battery is pulse-discharged at a constant current at a frequency of 100 Hz or more, and the voltage difference between the secondary battery before and after the start of the pulse discharge is determined.
- Patent Document 2 data of voltage and current of a secondary battery mounted on a real vehicle is acquired, and this is converted into a frequency domain by Fourier transformation to obtain an impedance spectrum. Then, based on the determined impedance spectrum, constant fitting of the equivalent circuit model of the secondary battery is performed to determine the resistance component and the double layer capacity component of the secondary battery, and the state of the secondary battery is detected based on these.
- Technology is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 requires a processor with high processing capability because the operation load of processing of Fourier transform is large, and there is a problem that the cost is high.
- the present invention has an object to provide a secondary battery state detection device and a secondary battery state detection method, which reduce the capacity decrease of the secondary battery and have a low calculation cost.
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery state detection device for detecting a state of a secondary battery, comprising: discharge means for pulse discharging the secondary battery; and the secondary means for controlling the discharge means.
- Acquisition means for performing pulse discharge of the battery at least once and acquiring a temporal change of the voltage value at that time, and fitting the change of the voltage value acquired by the acquisition means by a predetermined function using time as a variable
- calculating means for calculating the parameter of the predetermined function, and detecting means for detecting the state of the secondary battery based on the parameter of the predetermined function calculated by the calculating means.
- the calculation means calculates the parameter of the predetermined function using a value obtained by dividing the voltage value acquired by the acquisition means by the current value. It features. According to such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the influence of fluctuations in current and to detect the state of the secondary battery accurately.
- the predetermined function is a linear function with time as a variable
- the detection unit detects the state of the secondary battery based on the slope of the linear function.
- the predetermined function is an exponential function with time as a variable
- the detection means detects the state of the secondary battery based on a coefficient of the exponential function. I assume. According to such a configuration, it is possible to more accurately detect the state of the secondary battery as compared with the linear function.
- the detection means calculates the resistance value of the reaction resistance of the secondary battery from the coefficient of the exponential function, and detects the state of the secondary battery based on the resistance value. It is characterized by According to such a configuration, it is possible to accurately detect the state of the secondary battery based on the reaction resistance which is largely changed due to the deterioration.
- the detection means calculates the capacitance value of the electric double layer capacitance of the secondary battery and / or the resistance value of the ohmic resistance from the coefficient of the exponential function, and Alternatively, the state of the secondary battery is detected using a resistance value. According to such a configuration, the state of the secondary battery can be detected more accurately than when only the reaction resistance is used.
- one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the calculation means performs fitting with the predetermined function having a time as a variable based on a least squares operation or a Kalman filter operation. According to such a configuration, for example, the processing load can be reduced as compared to when performing a Fourier transform.
- one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the detection means calculates at least one of the degree of deterioration and the discharge capacity of the secondary battery based on the parameter calculated by the calculation means. According to such a configuration, the state of the secondary battery can be accurately determined based on at least one of the degree of deterioration and the discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
- the present invention pulse discharges the secondary battery at least once in the discharging step of pulse discharging the secondary battery, and the discharging step.
- An acquisition step for acquiring a temporal change in voltage value at that time, and a change in the voltage value acquired in the acquisition step are fitted by a predetermined function using a time as a variable to calculate the parameter of the predetermined function
- the method may further include a calculating step, and a detecting step of detecting the state of the secondary battery based on the parameter of the predetermined function calculated in the calculating step. According to such a method, it is possible to reduce the decrease in capacity of the secondary battery and to reduce the calculation cost.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a secondary battery state detection device and a secondary battery state detection method capable of reducing the capacity decrease of the secondary battery and reducing the calculation cost.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power supply system of a vehicle having a secondary battery state detection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the secondary battery state detection device 1 mainly includes a control unit 10, a voltage sensor 11, a current sensor 12, a temperature sensor 13, and a discharge circuit 15, and detects the state of the secondary battery 14.
- the control unit 10 detects the state of the secondary battery 14 with reference to the outputs from the voltage sensor 11, the current sensor 12, and the temperature sensor 13.
- the voltage sensor 11 detects the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 14 and notifies the control unit 10 of it.
- the current sensor 12 detects the current flowing through the secondary battery 14 and notifies the control unit 10 of the current.
- the temperature sensor 13 detects the ambient temperature of the secondary battery 14 itself or its surroundings, and notifies the control unit 10 of the temperature.
- the discharge circuit 15 includes, for example, a semiconductor switch and a resistor element connected in series, and the control unit 10 performs pulse discharge of the secondary battery 14 by the semiconductor switch being on / off controlled.
- the discharge current may be made constant by, for example, discharging through a constant current circuit instead of discharging through a resistive element.
- the secondary battery 14 is composed of, for example, a lead storage battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, or a lithium ion battery, and is charged by the alternator 16 to drive the starter motor 18 to start the engine. Power the The alternator 16 is driven by the engine 17, generates alternating current power, converts it into direct current power by the rectification circuit, and charges the secondary battery 14.
- the engine 17 is composed of, for example, a reciprocating engine such as a gasoline engine and a diesel engine, or a rotary engine, etc., and is started by the starter motor 18, drives driving wheels through a transmission to provide propulsion to the vehicle, and Drive to generate power.
- the starter motor 18 is formed of, for example, a direct current motor, generates rotational power by the power supplied from the secondary battery 14, and starts the engine 17.
- the load 19 is configured by, for example, an electric steering motor, a defogger, an ignition coil, a car audio, a car navigation, and the like, and operates by the power from the secondary battery 14.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration example of the control unit 10 shown in FIG.
- the control unit 10 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 10a, a read only memory (ROM) 10b, a random access memory (RAM) 10c, a communication unit 10d, and an interface (I / F) 10e.
- the CPU 10a controls each unit based on the program 10ba stored in the ROM 10b.
- the ROM 10 b is constituted by a semiconductor memory or the like, and stores the program 10 ba or the like.
- the RAM 10 c is configured by a semiconductor memory or the like, and stores data generated when the program ba is executed, and parameters 10 ca such as formulas described later.
- the communication unit 10d communicates with an upper device such as an ECU (Electric Control Unit), and notifies the upper device of the detected information.
- the I / F 10 e converts the signals supplied from the voltage sensor 11, the current sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 into digital signals and takes them in, and supplies a drive current to the discharge circuit 15 to control the same.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing temporal changes in voltage and current during pulse discharge.
- the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates current or voltage.
- the CPU 10a measures the pre-discharge voltage Vb and the pre-discharge current Ib.
- the CPU 10 a controls the discharge circuit 15 to pulse discharge the secondary battery 14.
- the CPU 10a samples the outputs of the voltage sensor 11 and the current sensor 12 at a predetermined cycle. In the example of FIG. 3, sampling is performed at timings t1, t2, t3,..., TN, and the voltage value and the current value of the secondary battery 14 are acquired.
- the CPU 10a uses the time-series voltage values V (tn) sampled at the timings t1, t2, t3,..., TN respectively according to the time-series current values I (tn) sampled at the same timing. Division is performed to obtain a time series resistance value R (tn).
- the voltage value is not used as it is, but drop voltage ⁇ V (tn) from voltage before discharge start Vb is determined, and drop voltage ⁇ V (tn) is divided by current value I (tn), respectively.
- a series resistance value R (tn) may be obtained.
- the CPU 10a fits the time series resistance value R (tn) with a linear function f (tn) shown in the following equation (1) to obtain the coefficients a and b.
- the coefficients a and b are obtained by performing fitting by least squares operation or Kalman filter operation.
- FIG. 4 shows measured values for a plurality of types of secondary batteries 14.
- batt 1, 2, batt 3, 4 and batt 5, 6 respectively indicate secondary batteries having the same initial capacity (or nominal capacity)
- batt 1, 2 indicate secondary batteries with medium initial capacity
- batt 3, 4 and batt 5, 6 show secondary batteries with an initial capacity greater than batt 1, 2.
- the value of the coefficient a corresponding to the slope of the graph has a high correlation with the reaction resistance value of the secondary battery 14. Since this reaction resistance increases in value according to the deterioration of the secondary battery 14, the state of the secondary battery 14 is determined by obtaining the coefficient a of the linear function f (tn) shown in the equation (1). It can be determined accurately regardless of the type.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the slope of the linear function and the initial capacity of the secondary battery 14.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 indicates the slope a of the linear function, and the vertical axis indicates SOH (State of Health).
- the diamond shape (SOH_ini) in the figure indicates the measured initial capacity
- the rectangle (SOH_nom) indicates the nominal capacity.
- the nominal capacity and the slope have a determination coefficient of about 0.7915.
- the measured initial capacity and the slope have a determination coefficient of about 0.7971.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 6 is executed when detecting the state of the secondary battery 14, and is realized by reading the program 10ba stored in the ROM 10b and executing the program by the CPU 10a.
- As the timing to be executed for example, there may be a case where a predetermined time (for example, several hours) has elapsed since the engine 17 is stopped. Of course, timing other than this may be used.
- step S10 the CPU 10a refers to the output of the voltage sensor 11 and detects the voltage Vb before the start of discharge shown in FIG.
- step S11 the CPU 10a refers to the output of the current sensor 12 and detects the current Ib before the start of discharge shown in FIG.
- step S12 the CPU 10a controls the discharge circuit 15 to start pulse discharge of the secondary battery 14.
- a method of pulse discharge there are, for example, a method of discharging through a resistance element and a method of discharging through a constant current circuit. In the latter method, since a constant current flows, processing for calculating a resistance value described later can be simplified. Further, the load on the secondary battery 14 can be reduced by limiting the current value.
- step S13 the CPU 10a measures the voltage of the secondary battery 14. More specifically, the CPU 10a refers to the output of the voltage sensor 11, measures the voltage V (tn) at the timing tn of the secondary battery 14, and stores it in the RAM 10c as the parameter 10ca.
- step S14 the CPU 10a measures the current of the secondary battery 14. More specifically, the CPU 10a refers to the output of the current sensor 12, measures the current I (tn) at the timing tn of the secondary battery 14, and stores it as a parameter 10ca in the RAM 10c.
- step S15 the CPU 10a determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of pulse discharge, and if it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed (step S15: Yes), the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S15: No the process returns to step S13 and repeats the same process as that described above. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when N samplings are completed, it is determined as Yes and the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S16 the CPU 10a ends the pulse discharge. More specifically, the CPU 10a controls the discharge circuit 15 to end the pulse discharge.
- step S17 the CPU 10a obtains a time series resistance value R (tn). More specifically, CPU 10a divides time series voltage value V (tn) measured in step S13 by time series current value I (tn) to obtain time series resistance value R (tn). Ask. The obtained time-series resistance value R (tn) is stored as a parameter 10 ca in the RAM 10 c.
- step S18 the CPU 10a fits the time series resistance value R (tn) obtained in step S17 with the linear function f (tn) shown in the above-mentioned equation (1) to obtain the coefficients a and b. More specifically, for example, by using a least squares operation or a Kalman filter operation, linear function fitting can be performed to obtain the coefficients a and b.
- step S19 the CPU 10a acquires the coefficient a which is the slope of the linear function obtained in step S18.
- step S20 the state of the secondary battery 14 is detected based on the coefficient a acquired in step S19. More specifically, as the deterioration of the secondary battery 14 progresses, the value of the coefficient a increases, so that the deterioration state of the secondary battery 14 can be detected based on the magnitude of the value of the coefficient a.
- the resistance value is obtained by directly dividing the voltage value measured in step S13 by the current value measured in step S14, for example, the voltage before discharge start is measured based on the measured voltage value.
- the resistance value R (tn) may be obtained by dividing the difference voltage ⁇ V (tn) obtained by subtracting Vb by the current value I (tn).
- the change of the resistance value according to the temperature of the secondary battery 14 is stored as a table in the ROM 10 b, and the output of the temperature sensor 13 is referenced to detect the temperature of the secondary battery 14 and based on the detected temperature
- the resistance value obtained in step S17 may be temperature corrected. According to such a method, the occurrence of an error due to temperature can be prevented.
- FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit of the secondary battery 14 used in the second embodiment.
- the secondary battery 14 is approximated by the ohmic resistance Rohm, the reaction resistance Rct, and the electric double layer capacitance C.
- the resistance Rohm indicates, for example, the liquid resistance of the secondary battery 14.
- the reaction resistance Rct Charge Transfer Resistance
- the electric double layer capacitance C indicates the value of the capacitance formed by the formation of a pair of positive and negative charged particles at the interface as a result of movement of the charged particles according to the electric field.
- fitting is performed using an exponential function shown in the following equation (2).
- equation (2) a formula other than this may be sufficient.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the result of fitting according to equation (2).
- “meas” shows a measurement result and “fitted” shows a fitting result. As shown in this figure, the measurement results and the fitting results agree well.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing the relationship between the reaction resistance obtained by the equation (2) and the actually measured values of the initial capacities of the 27 secondary batteries.
- the horizontal axis indicates the reaction resistance Rct
- the vertical axis indicates the SOH.
- the reaction resistance Rct and SOH have a high determination coefficient of about 0.8777. From this, the state of the secondary battery 14 can be detected even using the exponential function shown in the equation (2).
- the secondary battery 14 is subjected to pulse discharge, and the voltage value at that time is divided by the current value to be recorded as time series data, and the recorded resistance value
- steps S18 to S20 are replaced with steps S50 to S52.
- steps S50 to S52 will be mainly described.
- step S50 the CPU 10a fits the time series resistance value R (tn) obtained in step S17 with the exponential function f (tn) shown in the above-mentioned equation (2) to obtain the coefficients A, B, and ⁇ . More specifically, for example, by using a least squares operation or a Kalman filter operation, exponential function fitting can be performed to obtain values of these coefficients.
- step S51 the CPU 10a acquires the coefficient A of the exponential function obtained in step S50.
- step S52 the state of the secondary battery 14 is detected based on the coefficient A acquired in step S51. More specifically, since the value of the coefficient A increases as the deterioration of the secondary battery 14 progresses, the deterioration state of the secondary battery 14 can be detected based on the magnitude of the value of the coefficient A.
- the resistance value is obtained by directly dividing the voltage value measured in step S13 by the current value measured in step S14, for example, the voltage before discharge start is measured based on the measured voltage value.
- the resistance value R (tn) may be obtained by dividing the difference voltage ⁇ V (tn) obtained by subtracting Vb by the current value I (tn).
- the change of the resistance value according to the temperature of the secondary battery 14 is stored as a table in the ROM 10 b, and the output of the temperature sensor 13 is referenced to detect the temperature of the secondary battery 14 and based on the detected temperature
- the resistance value obtained in step S17 may be temperature corrected. According to such a method, the occurrence of an error due to temperature can be prevented.
- the state of the secondary battery 14 is detected based on one discharge, but of course, the state may be detected based on multiple discharges. In that case, for example, the second and subsequent discharges may be performed with intervals of several minutes to several hours, and the state of the secondary battery 14 may be determined from the average value of the obtained results.
- both the voltage and the current are detected.
- the variation of the current is small or when discharging in a constant current circuit, only the voltage is detected. Good.
- the state of the secondary battery 14 is detected using only the coefficient A corresponding to the reaction resistance Rct, but at least one of the ohmic resistance Rohm and the electric double layer capacitance C is used. You may make it judge. For example, detection is performed using reaction resistance Rct and ohmic resistance Rohm or reaction resistance Rct and electric double layer capacitance C, or state is detected using all of reaction resistance Rct and ohmic resistance Rohm and electric double layer capacitance C It is also possible to In addition, when making a determination using these, obtain a function that leads the relationship between SOH or SOF (State of Function (discharge capability)) and these coefficients, and determine SOH or SOF based on this function. Can.
- SOH or SOF State of Function (discharge capability)
- FIG. 6 and FIG. 10 are one example, and the processing may be executed in order other than this, or other processing may be executed.
- the value of the reaction resistance and the SOH are determined. For example, based on the determined reaction resistance, for example, idling of the engine 17 is stopped, so-called execution of idling stop is controlled You may do it. Specifically, when it is determined that the value of the reaction resistance is lower than a predetermined threshold value, idling stop is performed, and when it is determined that the value is higher than the predetermined threshold value, idling stop is not performed. You may Alternatively, it is possible to obtain a voltage drop from the reaction resistance Rct and the current flowing to the starter motor 18, and to stop the engine from stopping when the voltage drop exceeds a predetermined voltage.
- the operation of the load 19 may be stopped to prevent further consumption of the secondary battery 14.
- the SOH is smaller than a predetermined value, a message instructing replacement of the secondary battery 14 may be displayed.
- control unit control means, calculation means, detection means
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read-only memory
- RAM random access memory
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Abstract
Description
このような構成によれば、二次電池の容量低下を少なくするとともに、演算コストを低くすることができる。
このような構成によれば、電流の変動の影響を小さくし、二次電池の状態を正確に検出することができる。
このような構成によれば、パラメータの少ない一次関数を用いることで計算の負荷を軽減することができる。
このような構成によれば、一次関数に比較して、より正確に二次電池の状態を検出することができる。
このような構成によれば、劣化による変化が大きい反応抵抗に基づいて、二次電池の状態を正確に検出することができる。
このような構成によれば、反応抵抗のみを使用する場合に比較して、より正確に二次電池の状態を検出することができる。
このような構成によれば、例えば、フーリエ変換を実行する場合に比較して、処理負荷を軽減することができる。
このような構成によれば、二次電池の劣化度および放電能力の少なくとも一方に基づいて、二次電池の状態を正確に判断することができる。
このような方法によれば、二次電池の容量低下を少なくするとともに、演算コストを低くすることができる。
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る二次電池状態検出装置を有する車両の電源系統を示す図である。この図において、二次電池状態検出装置1は、制御部10、電圧センサ11、電流センサ12、温度センサ13、および、放電回路15を主要な構成要素としており、二次電池14の状態を検出する。ここで、制御部10は、電圧センサ11、電流センサ12、および、温度センサ13からの出力を参照し、二次電池14の状態を検出する。電圧センサ11は、二次電池14の端子電圧を検出し、制御部10に通知する。電流センサ12は、二次電池14に流れる電流を検出し、制御部10に通知する。温度センサ13は、二次電池14自体または周囲の環境温度を検出し、制御部10に通知する。放電回路15は、例えば、直列接続された半導体スイッチと抵抗素子等によって構成され、制御部10によって半導体スイッチがオン/オフ制御されることにより二次電池14をパルス放電させる。なお、抵抗素子を介して放電するのではなく、例えば、定電流回路を介して放電することで、放電電流が一定になるようにしてもよい。
つぎに、図を参照して、第1実施形態の動作について説明する。以下では、第1実施形態の動作の原理について説明した後、フローチャートを参照して、詳細な動作を説明する。
つぎに、第2実施形態について説明する。なお、第2実施形態の構成は、図1および図2の場合と同様であるので、その説明は省略する。第2実施形態では、一次関数ではなく、指数関数を用いてフィッティングを行う点が、第1実施形態とは異なっている。以下では、第2実施形態の動作の原理について説明した後、フローチャートを参照して、詳細な動作を説明する。
以上の実施形態は一例であって、本発明が上述したような場合のみに限定されるものでないことはいうまでもない。例えば、以上の各実施形態で、使用した式(1)および式(2)は一例であってこれ以外の式を用いるようにしてもよい。例えば、式(2)の例では、自然対数の底数eを用いるようにしたが、これ以外の底数を用いるようにしてもよい。また、「1-exp(-tn/τ)」はこれ以外の式であったり、これ以外の項を含んでいたりしてもよい。
10 制御部(制御手段、算出手段、検出手段)
10a CPU
10b ROM
10c RAM
10d 表示部
10e I/F
11 電圧センサ
12 電流センサ
13 温度センサ
14 二次電池
15 放電回路(放電手段)
16 オルタネータ
17 エンジン
18 スタータモータ
19 負荷
Claims (9)
- 二次電池の状態を検出する二次電池状態検出装置において、
前記二次電池をパルス放電させる放電手段と、
前記放電手段を制御して前記二次電池を少なくとも1回パルス放電させ、そのときの電圧値の時間的変化を取得する取得手段と、
前記取得手段によって取得された電圧値の変化を、時間を変数とする所定の関数によってフィッティングすることで前記所定の関数のパラメータを算出する算出手段と、
前記算出手段によって算出された前記所定の関数のパラメータに基づいて、前記二次電池の状態を検出する検出手段と、
を有することを特徴とする二次電池状態検出装置。 - 前記算出手段は、前記取得手段によって取得された電圧値を、電流値で除算して得られた値を用いて、前記所定の関数のパラメータを算出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。
- 前記所定の関数は時間を変数とする一次関数であり、
前記検出手段は、前記一次関数の傾きに基づいて、前記二次電池の状態を検出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。 - 前記所定の関数は時間を変数とする指数関数であり、
前記検出手段は、前記指数関数の係数に基づいて、前記二次電池の状態を検出する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。 - 前記検出手段は、前記指数関数の係数から、前記二次電池の反応抵抗の抵抗値を算出し、この抵抗値に基づいて前記二次電池の状態を検出することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。
- 前記検出手段は、前記指数関数の係数から、前記二次電池の電気二重層容量の容量値および/またはオーミック抵抗の抵抗値を算出し、この容量値および/または抵抗値を用いて前記二次電池の状態を検出することを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。
- 前記算出手段は、最小自乗演算またはカルマンフィルタ演算に基づいて、時間を変数とする前記所定の関数によってフィッティングすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。
- 前記検出手段は、前記算出手段によって算出されたパラメータに基づいて、前記二次電池の劣化度および放電能力の少なくとも一方を算出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池状態検出装置。
- 二次電池の状態を検出する二次電池状態検出方法において、
前記二次電池をパルス放電させる放電ステップと、
前記放電ステップにおいて前記二次電池を少なくとも1回パルス放電させ、そのときの電圧値の時間的変化を取得する取得ステップと、
前記取得ステップにおいて取得された電圧値の変化を、時間を変数とする所定の関数によってフィッティングすることで前記所定の関数のパラメータを算出する算出ステップと、
前記算出ステップにおいて算出された前記所定の関数のパラメータに基づいて、前記二次電池の状態を検出する検出ステップと、
を有することを特徴とする二次電池状態検出方法。
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