WO2014135502A1

WO2014135502A1 - Solid-liquid separator

Info

Publication number: WO2014135502A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/054101
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ulrich Braun
Original assignee: Ulrich Braun
Priority date: 2013-03-03
Filing date: 2014-03-03
Publication date: 2014-09-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the solid-liquid separation of liquid media and the solids contained therein.

Description

Solid / liquid separator

The present invention relates to a method and a device for solid / liquid separation (= FFT) of solids-containing, liquid media.

The common FFT processes of solids-laden waters, wherein (i) the waters comprise all of the effluent and / or incoming water streams from facilities for human intended use, and wherein (ii) the solids in fibrous and / or granular form organic and / or mineral and may also comprise hydrophobic lightweight materials in solid and / or liquid form (hereinafter "solids", "solids-containing", etc.); have in particular the following disadvantages:

> A summary unsatisfactory separation rate, especially of suspended solids.

> An unsatisfactory, hardly adjustable separation sharpness range of the particle sizes to be separated.

> An unsatisfactory maintenance effort (blockage, blockage)

More preferably, raw black water, and preferably animal fattening effluents, present very large problems with solids separation, as the suspended solids are very volatile mechanically - a simple pump crushes the solids such that they are difficult to separate by conventional separation techniques.

For black water, non-separated tissue paper such as toilet paper as a cellulose in wastewater treatment systems is almost biologically inert, thus clogging fixed bed reactors and, when crushed into individual fibers, tend to spontaneously clog, ultimately causing membrane pores to clog. An unsolved problem of the treatment of black water is the insufficient selectivity of the separation of toilet paper. Solid / liquid mixtures are a common phenomenon in industry and settlement economy - correspondingly diverse are the methods for solid / liquid separation. Often some separation processes are suitable for one mixture (eg sieve drums for granulate-containing waters), for others, however, completely unsuitable (sieve drums for greasy waters). Thus, many different methods of solid / liquid separation must be used, although it is in itself only a single process step.

It is an object of the present invention to alleviate or overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, it is an object to provide an improved and / or alternative method or an improved and / or alternative device for the separation. This object (s) is / are solved by the subject matter of the present claims as well as the preferred aspects of the present invention discussed below.

In particular, a process for separating solids from a solids-containing liquid medium is disclosed comprising the following steps:

(a) charging the media / solids mixture to be separated to a solids scavenging surface structure wherein the solids containing liquid medium is transferred to a solids enriched medium and to a solids depleted liquid and wherein the solids scavenging surface structure does not rotate or below the solids separating minimum velocity,

(b) discharging the solids-depleted liquid, and preferably

(c) rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure until the solids enriched medium is separated by centrifugal force from the solids scavenging surface structure.

The solids-containing liquid medium is advantageously transferred or separated into a solids-enriched medium and into a solids-depleted liquid. Thus, it thus finds here at least partially (Ab) separation or transfer of the solid-containing, liquid medium in 1) low-solids liquid medium or solids-depleted phase or solids-depleted liquid, and

2) low-liquid solids or solids-enriched phase or solid-enriched medium

instead of. The terms 1) and 2) are used here as synonyms.

The process expediently comprises the rotation of the solids-scavenging surface structure, in particular in such a way that the solids-enriched medium is separated from the solids-scavenging surface structure by centrifugal force.

During charging, during separation and / or during transfer, the solids-scavenging surface structure may, for example, rotate below the solids-separating minimum rotational speed. In a further embodiment, the solids-scavenging surface structure does not rotate during loading during separation and / or during transfer.

The Feststoffstoffabtrennende minimum speed is here preferably the speed at which at least a part, preferably a large part of the (separated) separated or transferred solids-enriched medium from the solids scavenging surface structure again dissolves. The rotation of the solids-collecting surface structure preferably takes place above the solids-separating minimum rotational speed, which preferably depends on the centrifugal force.

The method according to the invention makes use, in particular, of the solids retention of the principle of a solids-scavenging surface structure, preferably similar to a brush and / or particularly preferably of membranes, the pore sizes of the membranes expediently being all sizes below 0.1 mm, preferably below 0.1 μ ^η τι, further preferably below 100 nm, and more preferably below 5 nm may comprise, associated with the cleaning of the solids-collecting surface structure by mechanical forces, particularly preferably by centrifugal force and / or pressure. It is therefore particularly preferably a rotary body which is equipped with a solids-scavenging surface structure on which the medium to be separated (preferably aqueous media, particularly preferably black water) is applied. In this case, the liquid phase can seep through the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure as far as possible free of solids, or be sucked off and discharged via a collecting funnel, while the solids are retained predominantly by the solids-scavenging surface structure. By intermittent rotation of the rotating body, for example, the solids-collecting surface structure of the separated solids by centrifugal force, or by pressure against the flow, or suction direction again freed, and continue to operate blockage-free.

The method can also be carried out without moving parts. In this case, the solids can be intermittently removed by means of a jerky relief pressure from the solids-trapping surface structure, while the solids-depleted liquid can be vacuumed alternately by means of negative pressure through the solids-collecting surface structure. In other words, as an alternative or in addition to the rotation of the solids-collecting surface structure, a pressure surge is used, in particular after the filtration process, which is designed in terms of size and arrangement such that the solids-enriched medium due to the pressure surge, possibly in combination with the rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure of the solids-collecting surface structure is separated. Furthermore, therefore, the device and / or the method can be designed such that, for example, at least during the charging, a negative pressure in the device at least partially sucks the solids-depleted liquid.

In a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, the solids-collecting surface structure can be easily dismantled and re-assembled, for example by means of one or more clip closures and / or latching means.

In a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, the solids-scavenging surface structure can be adapted, optimized and installed to special requirements of the solid / liquid mixture. So are you brush-like surface structures are better for retaining fibers, while fir-tree like surface structures are more suitable for retaining granular solids. Thus, it is a device for solid / liquid separation, which can be adjusted and used optimally for the most diverse requirements.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, a filtration device, preferably an ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane, is provided below or in lieu of the solids scavenging surface structure, with very small solids permeating through the solids scavenging surface structure can be kept. After the filtration process, this filtration device - as well as the solids-scavenging surface structure - freed by centrifugal force and / or by pressure against the flow or suction again from the retained solids.

In a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, the filtration device is mounted below the solids-collecting surface structure on a separate rotary body, which preferably can rotate separately or be pressurized against the direction of flow.

In a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, the filtration device below the solids-collecting surface structure during the solid / liquid separation phase on the collecting funnel and is firmly sucked by negative pressure, while it has a distance to the collecting funnel during the rotation phase , In a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention, this distance is caused by the centrifugal forces during the rotation.

The process according to the invention is thus a process for the separation of suspended and / or unsuspended solids having the following characteristics:

1. Controllable and / or controllable process for the separation of solids from a solids-containing, liquid medium, comprising the following steps:

(A) feeding the medium / solid mixture to be separated onto a solid-matter-intercepting surface structure with or without rotation of the Feststoffabfangenden surface structure below the Feststoffstoffabtrennenden minimum speed by centrifugal force, and

(b) discharging the solids depleted medium hydraulically below the solids scavenging surface structure and / or through the solids scavenging surface structure and / or onto and / or along it, and

(c) rotating the solids scavenging surface structure until the solids enriched medium is separated from the solids scavenging surface structure by centrifugal force, and

(d) one or more repetitions of steps (a) to (c).

Method according to item 1, wherein the solids-depleted medium after step (b)

(b.i) is subjected to filtration.

Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein between step (b) and (c)

(b.ii) a regular and / or controllable quiescent phase is established during which the solid scavenging surface structure is not charged in accordance with (a).

Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the filtered solids according to (b.i) of the filtration device by

(b.iii) centrifugal force are removed by rotation, wherein the rotation can be done simultaneously with step (c), or not simultaneously.

Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein during step (c)

(b.iv) a regular, and / or controllable rest phase of the feed according to step (a) is inserted.

Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the filtration (bi) is carried out by suppression. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the negative pressure is dissolved only shortly before step (c). Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the separated solids after step (c)

(c.i) are collected on a baffle. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the separated solids after step (c.i)

(c.ii) are pushed with a preferably rotating scraper for further removal. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the direction of rotation of the respective steps (c) and (c.ii) can be opposite for themselves, and / or in the sequence. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein steps (c) and (c.ii)

(c.iii) are controlled and / or controlled by the same drive. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the separated solids after step (c.ii)

(c.iv) are transported out of the device with a rotating screw. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the rotational speed of the solid-scavenging surface structure (c) can regulate and / or control the separation of the solid particle sizes. Method according to one of the preceding points, wherein the pore sizes of the solids scavenging surface structure can regulate and / or control the separation of the solid particle sizes. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding points, wherein the to be separated, solids-containing liquid medium is black water from toilets with or without Urinalabwasser.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding points, wherein the method is operated continuously by one or more, batchwise operated modules.

17. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in continuous operation with a module according to claim (16) there is a damming device prior to step (a) in which the medium / solid mixture can collect during the feed stop.

18. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the feed phase commences according to (a) of the second module while the first module is prior to phase (c) or (b.ii).

19. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be removed and replaced by another and wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be adapted to a particular solid / liquid mixture.

The device disclosed here for separating solids from a solids-containing, liquid medium comprises, for example, the following devices:

(A) a device 1, 1a, 1b for charging the medium / solid mixture to be separated

(B) a preferably rotatable and preferably liquid-permeable means 3 for trapping solids, and / or

(c) a device 4 for rotating the solids scavenging device 3, through which the solids-enriched medium, particularly preferably by centrifugal force, is separated from the solids scavenging surface structure 3. The device according to the invention comprises one or more devices for the separation of solids from liquid media with the following features.

Controllable and / or controllable device for the separation of solids from a solids-containing, liquid medium, comprising the following devices:

(D) means for feeding the medium / solid mixture to be separated

(e) a preferably rotatable and preferably liquid-permeable means for trapping solids and,

(F) means for rotating the solids scavenging means by which the solids-enriched phase is separated from the solids scavenging surface structure, preferably by centrifugal force, and

(g) Device for repeating steps (a) to (c) once or several times.

Device according to item 1, wherein the device according to (b) a

(b.i) means for filtration

Device according to item 1 or 2, wherein the separation of the solids-enriched phase is operated continuously by one or more devices operated batchwise.

Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein between devices (a) and (b)

(a, i) is a regulation and / or controllable device for the quiescent phase during which the solid scavenging surface structure is not charged according to device (a).

Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein during the rotational operation in (b)

(a.ii) a regular, and / or controllable rest phase of the feed according to step (a) is inserted. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the separated solids after step (c)

(c.i) are collected on a baffle. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the separated solids after step (c.i)

(c.ii) are pushed with a preferably rotating device for further removal. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the direction of rotation of the respective steps (c) and (c.ii) can be opposite for themselves, and / or in the sequence. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein steps (c) and (c.ii)

(c.iii) are controlled by the same device to drive and / or controlled.

10. Device according to claims (1) to (8), wherein the separated solids after step (c.ii)

(c.iv) are transported out of the device with a rotating screw. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the rotational speed of the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure (c) can regulate and / or control the separation of the solid particle sizes. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the pore sizes of the solids scavenging surface structure can regulate and / or control the separation of the solid particle sizes. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the liquid medium to be separated is black water from toilets with or without urinal waste water. 14. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the method is operated continuously by one or more, batchwise operated modules.

The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the means for charging commences according to (a) of the second module while the first module is prior to phase (c), (b.i) or (b.ii).

16. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be removed and replaced by another, and wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be adapted to a specific solid / liquid mixture.

Hereinafter, the features and advantages of the present disclosure with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the figures will be explained in more detail. Showing:

Fig. 1 shows schematically the individual steps of the method for separating

Solids from a liquid medium,

Fig. 2a is a sectional view taken along the line A - B of Figure 2b, and

Fig. 2b is a sectional view taken along the line C - D of Figure 2a.

Fig. 1 describes the inventive method. Reference numeral 1 shows the charge of the solid-scavenging surface structure of the method according to the invention for FFT. Reference numeral 2 shows the separation of the solids-depleted liquid, preferably also by permeation with or without negative pressure.

Numeral 3 2: eigt the feed stop after the solids scavenging surface structure of the process according to the invention for FFT is loaded with solids and the remaining solids depleted liquid or phase seep through, preferably sucked off and can flow off. The reference numeral 4 shows the subsequent rotation of the solid scavenging surface structure, especially after the vacuum has been released. Reference numeral 5 shows the rotation of the solid scavenging surface structure without a (controlled or controlled) feed stop, especially during a time in which preferably no inflow of a solid / liquid mixture takes place. The reference numeral 6 shows the separation of the solids from the solids scavenging surface structure, particularly preferably by centrifugal force. The separation of the intercepted solids and / or individual substances can also be effected by detachment by means of chemical and / or physical processes. Reference numeral 7 shows the rotation stop of the solid-scavenging surface structure after the solids have been spun off, and reference numeral 8 shows the repetition of the process steps 1 to 7. Thus, there is thus essentially a separation of the solid-containing liquid medium into 1) low-solids liquid medium or solids-depleted phase and 2 ) low-liquid solids or solids-enriched phase instead.

The device according to the invention will now be described in a particularly preferred embodiment with reference to FIGS. 2a, 2b. Preferably, in this example, a filtration device is integrated into the solids scavenging surface structure. However, the filtration device may also be constructed and operated separately from the solids scavenging surface structure in other embodiments.

For clarification, the device according to the invention will be explained with reference to sectional views 2a and 2b.

In this case, the reference numeral 1 shows the device 1 for feeding the solids-collecting surface structure 3 of the inventive method for FFT with the inlet pipe 1, and the preferably round inlet manifold 1a with overflow edge 1b. Through the inlet pipe 1, the solids-containing liquid medium enters the inlet manifold 1a, over the edge 1b it finally flows into the separation space. The diameter of the intake manifold 1a preferably depends on the design of the rotary body 4 and determines the minimum centrifugal force for removing or separating the solids, in addition to the rotational speed of the rotary body itself.

Reference numeral 2 shows a (head) distributor 2. Such a distributor 2 may be provided above and in particular on a rotatable and preferably round body. The distributor 2 serves in particular to at least partially distribute the solids-containing liquid medium. Reference numeral 3 shows the solid scavenging surface structure 3 of the device in a particularly preferred brush-like structure. At least a substantial portion, preferably a majority, of solids or even all solids will remain on the solids scavenging surface structure 3. Thus, the solids, or at least a substantial part or a majority thereof, are separated from the liquid medium. The separated liquid medium is referred to as solids depleted liquid or low solids liquid. The solids depleted liquid may conveniently seep through and drain through the solids scavenging surface structure. The rotary body may not be round but polygonal in a particularly preferred embodiment. The solid-scavenging surface structure 3 is preferably an adaptive variable of the device. In addition to the geometric design of the solids-collecting surface structure 3 (knobs, fibers, etc.), other chemical and / or physical and / or biological properties of certain surface materials (eg lipophilic surfaces in the separation of fats or oils) can also be used. Nanocoatings are also conceivable here, as well as biological receptors (eg antibodies) for the isolation of certain substances.

The reference numeral 4 shows the rotary body 4 rotatable here, on which the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure 3 can be fastened. The configuration of the geometry of the rotary body 4 as well as the separation forces necessary to detach the trapped solids determine its minimum speed and / or maximum speed at least. Lower speeds can also be used to sort separable solids. Instead of a vertical curve or an inwardly curved lateral surface, the (rotary) body can also extend in a straight line, preferably in the shape of a truncated cone, downwards, or flatten outwards with one or more corners. In this case, the increasing flattening of the rotary body 4 is selectively used down. As the width of the flow path increases, the flow rate decreases, which may also increase the fineness of the solids scavenging surface structure and hence the fineness of the retained solids. On the other hand, the centrifugal force increases during rotation of the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure 3 with increasing diameters, so that the finer particles can also be separated again. The centrifugal force F _Z f necessary for the separation of the solids provided for the separation is calculated from the mass of the smallest particle m to be separated off, the web speed v and the radius of curvature of the web H of the rotating body: v ²

| _Zf j = m-

R (l)

If the specific adhesion forces (adhesion, cohesion, etc.) of the smallest particle to be separated are known, the minimum centrifugal force F _{Zf is} calculated, since the centrifugal force must exceed the specific adhesive force in order to separate the solid. From the necessary centrifugal force, in turn, the necessary rotational speed i u of the rotary body 4 then results, as a function of the respective radius r of the rotary body, from the formula:

F = πιω ^Α τ (2).

With these mathematical relationships, all the necessary rotational speeds, shapes and the corresponding separation properties can be described mathematically at each point of a solid-particle surface structure 3, and thus theoretically adapted and optimized to the particular requirements of a specific solid / liquid mixture.

Also, to isolate certain solids, properties and / or devices on / on the solids scavenging surface structure 3 may be utilized to increase the adhesive forces for these solids such that the separation of other intercepted solids concentrates the solids intended for isolation on the solids scavenging surface structures.

Experiments have shown that long-necked artificial grass coverings with a neck length of about 4 to 7 cm, for example, are excellent for capturing homogenized toilet paper. With a high loading capacity of more than 2 sheets of toilet paper per cm ² , retention levels of 99.98% could be achieved, and The solids-enriched fraction with a water content of around 70-80% at a speed of approx. 800 rpm and a radius of> approx. 40 cm and a horizontal inclination angle of approx. 16 ° could be spun off almost without residue.

The reference numeral 5 shows one of the openings 5 of the rotary body 4, through which the solids-depleted phase can flow or be sucked into the inner side of the rotary body 4, whereby the openings 5 can particularly preferably also be pores of a membrane. The membrane surface does not have to be equal to the surface of the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure 3 - it can also be limited to the outer regions of the rotary body in the centrifugal force direction. However, the hydraulically required flow rate is the determining factor in determining the area of the filtration surface.

The reference numeral 6 shows fastening struts 6, with which the rotary body is fixed to the axis 8. The reference numeral 7 shows an overflow protection 7 at the lower end of the rotary body 4, with which a drainage of the solids-depleted phase in the transport-round channel 12 of the solids-enriched phase is prevented. The reference numeral 8 shows the axis 8, which is driven by a motor and with which the rotary body 4 can be rotated.

The reference numeral 9 shows the drip pan 9 for the solid-depleted phase seeped through the solid-scavenging surface structure 3. Particularly preferably, the rotary body 4 is seated during the loading phase on the edge of the collecting trough 9, and a negative pressure is applied in the resulting space with which the solids-depleted phase is sucked through the openings 5. In this case, the body 4 can rotate or not.

The reference numeral 10 shows the drain pipe 10 of the collected in the drip tray 9 solids depleted phase. The reference numeral 11 shows the preferably round or polygonal baffle 11, to which the solids-enriched phase is thrown by the rotating rotary body 4. The reference numeral 12 shows the preferably round transport channel 12, in which the solids-enriched phase slips along the baffle 11 along. The Reference numeral 13 shows the axle attachment 13 of the solids-depleted phase rotatable reamer. The reference numeral 14 shows the rotatable reamer 14, can be collected with the remaining on baffle 11 solids, and with the solid-phase enriched in the transport channel 12, the worm 15 can be pushed. The reference numeral 15 shows the screw conveyor 15, with which the solids-enriched phase can be transported out of the device according to the invention.

Claims

claims

A process for separating solids from a solids-containing liquid medium comprising the steps of:

(a) charging the medium / solid mixture to be separated to a solids scavenging surface structure through which the solids-containing liquid medium is transferred to a solids-enriched medium and a solids-depleted liquid with or without rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure below the solids separating minimum velocity by centrifugal force;

(b) discharging the solids-depleted liquid, and

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solids depleted liquid after draining

(b.i) is subjected to filtration by means of a filtration device, preferably a microfiltration and / or an ultrafiltration.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein between the derivation and the rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure

(b.ii) a quiescent phase is established during which the solid scavenging surface structure is not charged.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the filtered solids from the filtration device through

(b.iii) centrifugal force are removed by rotation, wherein the rotation is preferably carried out simultaneously with the rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein during rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure

(b.iv) a rest phase of the feed is inserted.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the filtration (b.i) is carried out under reduced pressure.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the negative pressure is not resolved until shortly before the rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the solids-enriched medium after rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure

(c.i) are collected on a baffle.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the solids-enriched medium after collecting on the baffle wall

(c.ii) is pushed with a preferably rotating scraper for further removal.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the direction of rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure, the filtration device and / or the scraper for itself, and / or in the sequence may be opposite.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the solids scavenging surface structure, the filtration device and / or the scraper

(c.iii) are driven by the same drive.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the solids-enriched medium after pushing with the reamer

(c.iv) is transported out of the device with a rotating screw.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the rotational speed of the solids scavenging surface structure can regulate and / or control the separation of the solid particle sizes.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the pore sizes of the solids scavenging surface structure regulate the separation of the solid particle sizes and / or can control.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the to be separated, solids-containing liquid medium is black water from toilets with or without urinal wastewater.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the method is operated continuously by one or more, batchwise operated modules.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein in continuous operation, preferably with a module according to claim (16), a damming device is provided, in which the solids-containing, liquid medium can collect in particular during the feed stop.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the loading phase of the second module begins while the first module is in a feed stop or in rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure) or the quiescent phase.

19. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be dismantled and replaced by another, and wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be adapted to a particular solid / liquid mixture.

20. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the solids-depleted liquid is hydraulically discharged below the solids scavenging surface structure

21. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the solids-depleted liquid is discharged through and / or to and / or along the solid scavenging surface structure.

22. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method steps are repeated several times.

23. A device for separating solids from a solids-containing, liquid medium, comprising the following devices:

(A) a device (1, 1a, 1b) for charging the medium / solid mixture to be separated

(B) a preferably rotatable and preferably liquid-permeable means (3) for trapping solids, and

(C) means (4) for rotating the solids scavenging means (3) by which the solids-enriched medium, particularly preferably by centrifugal force, is separated from the solids scavenging surface structure (3).

24. The device according to claim (23), wherein the device comprises a filtration device, wherein the pore sizes of the filtration device are less than 0.1 pm, preferably less than 100 nm, and more preferably less than 5 nm.

25. Device according to one of claims 23 or 24, wherein the separation of the solids-enriched medium is operated continuously by one or more, batchwise operated devices.

26. Device according to one of claims 23 to 25, further comprising means for controlling and / or controlling the rest phase (s), during which the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure (3) is not charged.

27. Device according to one of claims 23 to 26, wherein a resting phase of the feed is inserted during the rotational operation.

28. Device according to one of claims 23 to 27, further comprising a baffle (12) for collecting the solids.

29. Device according to one of claims 23 to 28, further comprising a preferably rotating means (14) for removing the solids from the baffle wall (12).

30. Device according to one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the rotational direction of the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure, the filtration device and / or the scraper for itself, and / or in the sequence may be opposite.

31. The device according to any one of claims 23 to 30, further comprising a drive which is adapted to drive the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure, the filtration device and / or the reamer.

32. Device according to one of claims 23 to 31, further comprising a rotating screw (15) for transporting the solids-enriched medium from the device out.

33. Device according to one of claims 23 to 32, wherein the device is designed such that the rotational speed of the solids-collecting surface structure can regulate the separation of the solid particle sizes and / or control.

34. Device according to one of claims 23 to 33, wherein the device is designed such that the pore sizes of the solids scavenging surface structure regulate the separation of the solid particle sizes and / or can control.

35. Device according to one of claims 23 to 34, wherein the device is suitable to separate solids-containing liquid medium such as black water from toilets with or without urinal wastewater.

36. Device according to one of claims 23 to 35, wherein the device is adapted to operate the process continuously of one or more, batchwise operated modules.

The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the means for loading the second module begins while the first module is prior to phase (c), (bi) or (b.ii).

38. Apparatus according to any one of claims 23 to 37, wherein the solid scavenging surface structure can be removed and replaced with another, and wherein the solids scavenging surface structure can be adapted to a particular solid / liquid mixture.

39. Device according to one of claims 23 to 38, wherein the device comprises a body (4) on which the solids-collecting surface structure (3) is formed.

40. Apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the body (4) is a rotary body (4).

41. Apparatus according to claim 39 or 40, wherein the body (4) is formed substantially frusto-conical.

42. Device according to one of claims 39 to 41, wherein the lateral surface is curved inwards.

43. Apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the base of the truncated cone is round or polygonal.

44. Device according to one of claims 23 to 43, wherein the filtration device comprises a membrane, in particular an ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane, preferably with a pore size below 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably below 0.1 mm.

45. Device according to one of claims 23 to 44, wherein the surface structures (3) are brush-shaped, lawn-shaped and / or Tannebaumfönmig formed.

46. Device according to one of claims 23 to 45, wherein the surface structures (3) nubs, bristles or fibers.

47. Device according to one of claims 23 to 46, wherein the fineness of the solid-matter-intercepting surface structure (3) increases with increasing radius of the surface structure (3).

48. Device according to one of claims 23 to 47, wherein the filtration device or the membrane in the outer regions of the rotary body (4) are arranged.

49. Device according to one of claims 23 to 48, wherein the device is designed such that at least during the charging and preferably before rotation, a negative pressure in the device, the solids-depleted liquid at least partially sucks.

50. Device according to one of claims 23 to 49, wherein the device at least one pressure surge, preferably after the filtration process and particularly preferably after applying a negative pressure exerts, which is designed in size and arrangement such that the solids-enriched medium due to the pressure surge, possibly in combination with the rotation of the solid scavenging surface structure (3), is separated from the solids scavenging surface structure (3).

51. Device according to one of claims 23 to 50, wherein the filtration device is provided on a separate body, in particular a separately rotatable body.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the separate body is pressurized against the flow direction of the liquid acted upon.

53. Device according to one of claims 23 to 52, wherein the filtration device is arranged below the solids scavenging surface structure.

54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the filtration device is configured such that it rests on a drip pan (9) during charging, discharging and / or filtering and spaced from the drip pan (9) during rotation of the solids scavenging surface structure (3) is.