WO2014131673A1 - Asymmetrisch poröse membranen aus vernetztem thermoplastischem siliconelastomer - Google Patents
Asymmetrisch poröse membranen aus vernetztem thermoplastischem siliconelastomer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014131673A1 WO2014131673A1 PCT/EP2014/053234 EP2014053234W WO2014131673A1 WO 2014131673 A1 WO2014131673 A1 WO 2014131673A1 EP 2014053234 W EP2014053234 W EP 2014053234W WO 2014131673 A1 WO2014131673 A1 WO 2014131673A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- membranes
- membrane
- radicals
- radical
- silicone
- Prior art date
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- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical compound [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLHXLHGIAMFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenylglyoxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YLHXLHGIAMFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- PGXWDLGWMQIXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylmethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CS(C)=O PGXWDLGWMQIXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKHUUPWVDVIRHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylmethane;propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)O.CS(C)=O XKHUUPWVDVIRHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHQSYGRFZMUQGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylformamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.CN(C)C=O WHQSYGRFZMUQGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPECTNGATDYLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)Cl)=CC=C21 OPECTNGATDYLSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1CCOC1 BSCHIACBONPEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHIIWXJHALLFBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane;propan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)O.C1CCOC1 BHIIWXJHALLFBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002976 peresters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroheptane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(4-phenylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYXOWKPVTCPORE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTUSEBKMEQERQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)O XTUSEBKMEQERQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001742 protein purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006268 silicone film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 2-anthraquinonesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011146 sterile filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000725 trifluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORGHESHFQPYLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl radical Chemical compound C=[CH] ORGHESHFQPYLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/80—Block polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0006—Organic membrane manufacture by chemical reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/701—Polydimethylsiloxane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/702—Polysilsesquioxanes or combination of silica with bridging organosilane groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
- C08J9/228—Forming foamed products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/022—Asymmetric membranes
- B01D2325/0232—Dense layer on both outer sides of the membrane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/54—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of crosslinked porous membranes having an asymmetric pore structure of thermoplastic silicone elastomer, and to the process therewith
- Asymmetrically constructed porous membranes for the separation of different mixtures of substances are known in the literature.
- US Pat. No. 3,133,137, US Pat. No. 3,133,132 and US Pat. No. 4,444,807 describe the preparation and the use of asymmetrically constructed cellulose acetate membranes which are produced after the phase inversion process. The process is also referred to as the Loeb-Sourirajan process.
- prepared membranes have a porous substructure and a selective layer. The thin cover layer is responsible for the separation performance, while the porous substructure leads to a mechanical stability of the membranes.
- silicones are rubbery polymers with a low glass transition point (Tg ⁇ -50 ° C) and a high proportion of free volume in the polymer structure.
- Tg ⁇ -50 ° C glass transition point
- US5733663 describe the preparation of membranes based on silicones. Described applications include both
- the release-selective silicone layer is always prepared by methods such as e.g. Spraying or dissolution coating on a porous carrier substrate
- organopolysiloxane copolymers as
- Membranes are state of the art.
- US2004 / 254325 and DE10326575 claim the preparation and use of thermoplastically processable organopolysiloxane / polyurea copolymers.
- JP-6277438 also claims silicone-polyimide copolymers as material for the production of compact membranes.
- the applications listed there are aimed at the separation of gases.
- the object was to provide membranes with an asymmetric pore structure, which have the positive properties of the membranes of silicone copolymers, and which have an increased stability.
- the invention relates to covalently crosslinked, asymmetrically porous membranes (M) of thermoplastic silicone elastomers.
- the invention also provides a process for the preparation of the covalently crosslinked, asymmetrically porous membranes (M), in which in a first step, a solution of silicone composition SZ, the alkenyl-containing thermoplastic
- the solution in a second step, the solution is brought into a mold, in a third step, the solution brought into contact with a precipitating medium F is brought into contact, forming a covalently uncrosslinked membrane,
- solvent L and precipitation medium F are removed from the uncrosslinked membrane and
- Thermoplastic elastomers are normally not covalently postcrosslinked but crosslink purely by physical means
- the silicone composition SZ in addition to the alkenyl-containing thermoplastic silicone elastomer Sl as further components catalyst K, alkenyl groups containing
- Silicone compound S2 fillers FS and / or additives Z
- Silicone elastomer Sl preferably silicone copolymers are used.
- silicone copolymers include the groups of the silicone carbonate, silicone imide, silicone
- silicone urethane silicone amide
- silicone polysulfone silicone polyethersulfone
- silicone polyurea silicone polyurea
- Silicone polyoxalyldiamine copolymers are covalently crosslinked in the fifth step with the crosslinker V. Will additionally one
- Silicone elastomers Sl crosslinked.
- structural element F is selected from the general formulas (IIa-f)
- R represents substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals which may be interrupted by oxygen or nitrogen atoms
- R H is hydrogen, or has the meaning of R.3,
- X is an alkylene radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which non-adjacent methylene units may be replaced by groups -O-, or an arylene radical having 6 to 22
- Y is a bivalent, optionally substituted by fluorine or chlorine hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20
- D is optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, C_-Cg alkyl or
- Methylene units by groups -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, or - OCOO may be substituted or 6 to 6 arylene radical
- ⁇ ⁇ is a reactive or non-reactive end group
- n 1 to 4000
- n is an integer from 1 to 4000
- g is an integer of at least 1
- h is an integer from 0 to 40
- i is an integer from 0 to 30 and
- j is an integer greater than 0.
- the radicals R 3 are monovalent or having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which are optionally substituted by halogen atoms, amino groups, ether groups, ester groups, epoxy groups,
- Mercapto groups, cyano groups or (poly) glycol radicals are substituted, the latter being composed of oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene units, particularly preferably to alkyl radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular the methyl radical.
- At least one radical R3 contains per siloxane unit
- organopolys oxan Copo ymere he a common formula I an alkenyl group, more preferably contain 1-5
- radicals are alkyl radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1-n-butyl, 2-n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert. Butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert. - pentyl radical; Hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical; Heptyl radicals, such as the n-heptyl radical; Octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and iso-
- Octyl radicals such as the 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentyl radical
- Nonyl radicals such as the n-nonyl radical
- Decyl radicals such as the n-decyl radical
- Dodecyl radicals such as the n-dodecyl radical
- Octadecyl radicals such as the n-octadecyl radical
- Cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
- Cycloheptyl radical and methylcyclohexyl radicals include Aryl radicals, such as the phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl and phenanthryl radicals; Alkaryl radicals, such as o-, m-, p-tolyl radicals; Xylyl radicals and ethylphenyl radicals; and aralkyl radicals, such as the benzyl radical, the ⁇ - and the ⁇ -phenylethyl radical.
- substituted radicals R 1 are methoxyethyl
- divalent radicals R 1 are the ethylene radical
- alkenyl-containing radicals R ⁇ are examples of alkenyl-containing radicals R ⁇ .
- Carbon atoms Preference is given to vinyl radical and n-hexenyl radical.
- the radical R H is preferably hydrogen or the radicals indicated above for R 1.
- radical Y is optionally substituted by halogen atoms, such as fluorine or chlorine, substituted hydrocarbon radicals having 3 to 13 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon radical having 3 to 13 carbon atoms, in particular the 1, 6-hexamethylene radical, the 1,4-
- Cyclohexylene radical the methylene-bis (4-cyclohexylene) radical, the 3-methylene-3,5, 5-trimethylcyclohexylenrest, the phenylene and the naphthylene radical, the m-Tetramethylxylylenrest and the
- divalent hydrocarbon radicals Y are alkylene radicals, such as the methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, isobutylene, tert. Butylene, n-
- Pentylene iso-pentylene, neo-pentylene, tert.
- Pentylene radical hexylene radicals, such as the n-hexylene radical, heptylene radicals, such as the n-heptylene radical, octylene radicals, such as the n-octylene radical and iso-octylene radicals, such as the 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentylene radical,
- Nonylene radicals such as the n-nonylene radical, decylene radicals, such as the n-decylene radical, dodecylene radicals, such as the n-dodecylene radical;
- Cycloalkylene radicals such as cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene,
- Arylene radicals such as the phenylene and the naphthylene radical;
- Alkarylene radicals such as o-, m-, p-tolylene radicals, xylylene radicals, such as the m-tetramethylxylylene radical, and
- Ethylphenylene radicals Aralkylenreste, such as the benzylene radical, the - and the ß-phenylethylene radical and the methylene bis (4-phenylene) radical.
- radical X is alkylene radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms, particularly preferably alkylene radicals having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms, particularly preferably n-propylene, isobutylene, 2 -Oxabutylen- and methylene radicals.
- radicals X are the examples given for radical Y and optionally substituted alkylene radicals in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by oxygen atoms, such as 2 -Oxabutylenrest.
- radical B is preferably a hydrogen atom, a radical OCN-Y-NH-CO-, a radical H 2 NY-NH-C0-, a
- the radical B ' is preferably the radicals indicated for B.
- the radicals D are preferably divalent polyether radicals and alkylene radicals, particularly preferably divalent polypropylene glycol radicals and also alkylene radicals having at least 2 and at most 20 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, 2-methylpentylene and butylene radical, in particular polypropylene glycol radicals 2 to 600 carbon atoms and the ethylene and the 2-methylpentylenrest.
- n is preferably a number of at least 3, in particular at least 10 and preferably at most 800, in particular at most 400.
- m is preferably the ranges specified for n.
- g is a number of at most 100, more preferably from 10 to 60.
- h is a number of at most 10, more preferably of 0 or 1, in particular 0.
- j is preferably a number of at most 400, particularly preferably 1 to 100, in particular 1 to 20.
- I preferably has a number of at most 10, particularly preferably 0 or 1, in particular 0.
- E I
- R H
- X n-propylene
- D 2-methylpentylene
- Vernetzer V can, for example, organosilicon compounds having at least two SiH functions per molecule,
- Photoinitiators photosensitizers, peroxides or
- crosslinker V at least two SiH functions per
- the SiH organosilicon compound preferably has a composition of the average general formula
- R.5 is a monovalent, given all-halogen or
- f and g are nonnegative integers, with the proviso that 0, 5 ⁇ (f + g) ⁇ 3, 0 and 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 2, and that at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms are present per molecule.
- R 1 are the radicals indicated for R 1. preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are methyl and phenyl.
- SiH organosilicon compound containing three or more SiH bonds per molecule.
- SiH bonds per molecule When using only two SiH bonds per molecule
- an alkenyl group-containing silicone compound S2 having at least three alkenyl groups per molecule.
- the hydrogen content of the SiH organosilicon compound which refers exclusively to the hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon atoms, is preferably in the range of 0.002 to 1.7% by weight of hydrogen, preferably of 0.1 to 1.7% by weight of hydrogen.
- the SiH organosilicon compound preferably contains
- SiH organosilicon compound containing 4 to 200 silicon atoms per molecule.
- the structure of the SiH organosilicon compound may be linear, branched, cyclic or network-like.
- Particularly preferred SiH organosilicon compounds are linear polyorganosiloxanes of the general formula (VI)
- R 6 has the meanings of R ⁇ and
- Silicone composition SZ contain that the molar ratio of SiH groups to alkenyl groups is 0.5 to 5, in particular 1.0 to 3.0.
- crosslinker V can also photoinitiators and
- Suitable photoinitiators and photosensitizers are each optionally substituted acetophenones,
- Propiophenones benzophenones, anthraquinones, benzils, carbazoles, xanthones thioxanthones, fluorenes, fluorenones, benzoins,
- Naphthalenesulfonic acids benzaldehydes and cinnamic acids, as well as mixtures of photoinitiators or photosensitizers.
- substituted benzophenones such as Michler's eton, 3-methoxybenzophenone, 3-hydroxybenzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, 4, 4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4'-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 4-dimethylaminobenzophenone, 2, 5-dimethylbenzophenone, 3,4-
- substituted anthraquinones such as chloroanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, anthraquinone-1, 5-disulfonic acid disodium salt, anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt;
- Benzoin-substituted benzoins such as benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether,
- Methylphenyl glyoxylate benzaldehyde; cinnamic acid; (Cumen) cyclopentadienyliron (II) hexafluorophosphate; Ferrocene.
- An example of a commercially available photoinitiator is Irgacure ® 184 from BASF SE.
- crosslinkers V it is also possible to use peroxides, in particular organic peroxides.
- organic peroxides are peroxyketal, e.g. 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane;
- Acyl peroxides such as. Acetyl peroxide, isobutyl peroxide,
- Benzoyl peroxide di (4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, bis (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide; Dialkyl peroxides, such as. B. di-tertiary butyl peroxide, tert-butyl-cumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane; and peresters, such as tert. butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate.
- crosslinker V it is also possible to use azo compounds, for example azo-bis (isobutyronitrile).
- Catalysts are used which catalyze the running in the crosslinking of addition-crosslinking silicone compositions hydrosilylation reactions.
- hydrosilylation catalysts in particular metals and their compounds from the group of platinum, rhodium,
- platinum and platinum compounds are used. Particularly preferred are those platinum compounds which are soluble in polyorganosiloxanes. As soluble
- Platinum compounds for example, the platinum-olefin
- Carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, isomers of butene and octene, or cycloalkenes having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene and cyclohepten used.
- Other soluble platinum catalysts are the platinum-cyclopropane complex of the formula (PtC ⁇ C ⁇ Hg) 2 , the
- Methylvinylcyclotetrasiloxane in the presence of sodium bicarbonate in ethanolic solution are particularly preferred.
- complexes of Platinum with vinylsiloxanes such as sym-divinyltetramethyldisiloxa.
- the hydrosilylation catalyst can be used in any desired form, for example also in the form of
- Hydrosilylation catalyst containing microcapsules, or polyorganosiloxane particles Hydrosilylation catalyst containing microcapsules, or polyorganosiloxane particles.
- the content of hydrosilylation catalysts is preferably selected so that the silicone composition SZ has a Pt content of from 0.1 to 250 ppm by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 180 ppm by weight.
- inhibitors are preferred.
- Tetravinyldimethyldisiloxan Trialkylcyanurate, alkyl maleates, such as diallyl maleates, dimethyl maleate and
- alkyl fumarates such as diallyl fumarate and diethyl fumarate
- organic hydroperoxides such as
- Silicone composition SZ must be determined individually.
- the content of inhibitors in the silicone composition SZ is preferably 0 to 50,000 ppm by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 2000 ppm by weight, in particular 100 to 1000 ppm by weight.
- Azo compounds as crosslinkers V is not a catalyst and
- Used photosensitizers they are used in amounts of 0.1-10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5-5 wt .-% and particularly preferably 1-4 wt .-% based on the silicone elastomer Sl.
- azo compounds or peroxides are used for crosslinking, they are used in amounts of 0.1-10% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight and more preferably 1-4% by weight, based on the silicone elastomer S1 ,
- the alkenyl group-containing silicone compound S2 preferably has a composition of the average general formula (V)
- RI is a monovalent, optionally halogen or
- alkenyl groups R 1 are accessible to an addition reaction with a SiH-functional crosslinker V.
- alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 1-propenyl, 5-hexenyl, ethynyl, butadienyl,
- Organic divalent groups, via which the alkenyl groups may be bonded to silicon of the polymer chain, consist for example of oxyalkylene units, such as those of
- c are the values 0 or 1, in particular 0,
- e are from 1 to 20, especially from 1 to 5.
- the oxyalkylene units of the general formula (VI) are bonded on the left to a silicon atom.
- the radicals R 1 may be bonded in any position of the polymer chain, in particular on the terminal silicon atoms.
- R 1 examples of unsubstituted radicals R 1 are alkyl radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert. Butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert.
- - Pentyl hexyl, such as the n-hexyl, heptyl, such as the n-heptyl, octyl, such as the n-octyl and iso-octyl, such as the 2, 2, 4 -Trimethylpentylrest, nonyl, such as the n-nonyl, decyl such as the n-decyl radical; Alkenyl radicals, such as the vinyl, allyl, ⁇ -5-hexenyl, 4-vinylcyclohexyl and 3-norbornenyl radical, ⁇ cycloalkyl radicals, such as cyclopentyl,
- Norbornyl radicals and methylcyclohexyl radicals Aryl radicals, such as the phenyl, biphenylyl, naphthyl radical; Alkaryl radicals, such as o-, m-, p-tolyl radicals and ethylphenyl radicals; Aralkyl radicals, like the
- substituted hydrocarbon radicals as radicals R 1 are halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chloromethyl, 3
- Dichlorophenyl and Trifluortolylrest. 2 preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Silicone compound S2 may also be a mixture of different alkenyl group-containing polyorganosiloxanes, which are, for example, in the alkenyl group content, the type of
- the structure of the silicone compound S2 may be linear, cyclic or branched. The content of too branched
- Polyorganosiloxanes leading tri- and / or tetrafunctional units is typically very low, preferably
- Silicone compound S2 may be a silicone resin.
- (a + b) is preferably in the range from 2.1 to 2.5, in particular from 2, 2 to 2.4.
- Silicone compound S2 is particularly preferably organopolysiloxane resins S2 which are at least 90 mol%
- These resins are also referred to as MQ resins.
- the molar ratio of M to Q units is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.0, more preferably in the range of 0.6 to 1.0.
- These silicone resins may also contain up to 10% by weight of free hydroxy or alkoxy groups.
- Organopolysiloxanharze S2 at 25 ° C have a viscosity greater than 1000 mPas or solids.
- Molecular weight (based on a polystyrene standard) of these resins is preferably at least 200, more preferably at least 1000 g / mol and preferably at most 200 000,
- Silicone compound S2 may be one on the surface
- (a + b) is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.3, in particular from 0.05 to 0.2.
- the silica is preferably precipitated silica, in particular fumed silica.
- the silica preferably has an average primary particle particle size of less than 100 nm, in particular an average primary particle particle size of 5 to 50 nm, these primary particles usually not being isolated in the silica but being constituents of larger aggregates (definition according to DIN 53206), which have a diameter of 100 to 1000 nm.
- the silica has a specific surface area of 10 to 400 m 2 / g (measured according to the BET method according to DIN 66131 and 66132), wherein the silica has a fractal dimension of the mass D m of less than or equal to 2.8, preferably equal or less than 2.7, more preferably from 2.4 to 2.6, and a density of surface silanol groups SiOH of less than 1.5 SiOH / nm 2 , preferably less than 0.5 SiOH / nm 2 , more preferably of less than 0.25 SiOH / nm 2 .
- the silica preferably has a carbon content of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.3 to 5% by weight, caused in particular by the occupancy of the surface with alkenyl groups. - % on .
- silicone compound S2 are vinyl-containing polydimethylsiloxanes whose molecules are the
- the proportion of S2 is 0.5-40 wt .-%, more preferably 2-30 wt .-% based on the silicone composition SZ.
- the silicone composition SZ may contain at least one filler FS.
- Fillers FS having a BET surface area of up to 50 m 2 / g are, for example, quartz, diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate, zirconium silicate, zeolites, metal oxide powders, such as aluminum, titanium, iron, or
- Zinc oxides or their mixed oxides barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, gypsum, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, glass and plastic powder.
- barium sulfate calcium carbonate
- gypsum silicon nitride
- silicon carbide silicon nitride
- boron nitride glass and plastic powder.
- Fillers ie fillers having a BET surface area of at least 50 m 2 / g, in particular 100 to 400 m 2 / g
- Silica aluminum hydroxide
- carbon black such as Furnace- and
- Acetylene black and silicon-aluminum mixed oxides of large BET surface area are Acetylene black and silicon-aluminum mixed oxides of large BET surface area.
- the mentioned fillers FS can be hydrophobic
- Hydroxyl groups to alkoxy groups can be a kind of
- Filler FS it can also be used a mixture of at least two fillers FS.
- the silicone compositions contain SZ
- the silicone composition SZ may optionally contain, as further constituent Z, possible additives in a proportion of 0 to 70% by weight, preferably 0.0001 to 40% by weight.
- additives may include, for example, resinous polyorganosiloxanes other than the alkenyl group-containing silicone compound S2 and SiH organosilicon compound, coupling agents, pigments, dyes, plasticizers, organic polymers,
- Heat stabilizers, inhibitors, fungicides or bactericides such as methylisothiazolones or benzisothiazolones,
- Crosslinking aids such as triallyl isocyanurate,
- Adhesion promoters such as UV absorbers and / or radical scavengers, thixotropic agents.
- thermoplastic silicone elastomers Sl are suitable for the simple and inexpensive preparation of asymmetrically constructed membranes (M) with the aid of
- thermoplastic silicone elastomers Sl cause a
- Pervaporation plants require membranes that can withstand very high mechanical loads.
- thermoplastic silicone elastomers Sl influence the diffusion and solubility of the molecules to be separated, which leads in most cases to an improvement in the selectivity of the membranes (M) over pure silicones.
- the membranes (M) have a significantly higher flow rate and a markedly improved stability than membranes of the prior art.
- the pore structure of the membranes (M) can be easily varied over a wide range.
- membrane applications such as e.g. Microfiltration or H2O-
- hydrophobic media are also easy to separate.
- the crosslinked, porous membranes (M) thus have a significantly improved property profile with regard to very important membrane properties compared to pure silicone or other silicone copolymer membranes.
- the membranes (M) are further characterized by having excellent storage stability. This means that the membranes (M) have no significant changes in the separation performance after a storage time of 4 months.
- Phase inversion process also referred to as Loeb-Souriraj an-process
- Loeb-Souriraj an-process is its asymmetric construction with a thin separation-selective layer and a porous substructure that provides mechanical stability. Such membranes are particularly preferred.
- inorganic solvent L or mixtures thereof dissolved.
- Preferred organic solvents L are hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, anhydrides, esters, N-containing solvents and S-containing solvents.
- Examples of common hydrocarbons are pentane, hexane, Dirnetyhlbutan, heptane, hex-l-ene, hexa-1, 5 -diene, cyclohexane, turpentine, benzene, isopropylbenzene, xylene, toluene, naphthalene, and terahydronaphthalene.
- Examples of common halogenated hydrocarbons are fluoroform, perfluoroheptane,
- Examples of common ethers are
- Ethylene oxide tetrahydrofuran, furan and 1,4-dioxane.
- Examples of common alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol,
- Examples of common aldehydes are acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde.
- Examples of common ketones are acetone, diisobutyl ketone, butan-2-one, cyclohexanone and
- Acetophenone Common examples of acids are formic acid and acetic acid. Common examples of anhydrides are
- esters are acetic acid methyl ester, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, phenyl acetate, glycerol triacetate, diethyl oxalate, dioctyl sebacate, methyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate.
- inorganic solvents are water, ammonia, hydrazine, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride.
- Silicone composition SA dissolved in solvent mixtures L.
- silicone composition SZ is dissolved in tertiary solvent mixtures L.
- tertiary solvent mixtures are isopropanol-N-methylpiperazine-aminoethanol, isopropanol-N-methylpiperazine dimetylformamide, isopropanol-N-methylpiperazine-tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol-N-methylpiperazine-dimethylsulfoxide, isopropanol-aminoethanol-dirnetylformamide, isopropanol-N-methylpiperazine N, -diethylaminoethanol,
- Preferred solvents L for the silicone composition SZ dissolve in the precipitation medium F.
- Suitable solvent pairs L are water-isopropanol, water-tetrahydrofuran, water-dimethylformamide, water-N-methylpiperazine, water-dimethylsulfoxide, water-aminoethanol, water-N, N - Diethylaminoethanol, THF-dimethylformamide, isopropanol-dimethylformamide, THF-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, isopropanol-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the described binary and
- thermoplastic silicone elastomer Sl then the Solvent or solvent mixture L is added and then the other components of the
- Silicone composition SZ added.
- the solvent or solvent mixture L is initially charged and subsequently the individual constituents of the silicone composition SZ are added.
- thermoplastic silicone elastomer Sl is initially charged, mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and then completely dissolved with isopropanol and then the other components of
- Silicone composition SZ added.
- the concentration of silicone elastomer Sl is in a range of 5 to 60 wt .-%, based on the weight of the solution
- Silicone Composition S In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration of silicone elastomer Sl is 10 to 40 wt .-%. In a particularly preferred
- Silicone elastomer Sl in a range of 12 to 33 wt .-%.
- the solutions of silicone composition SZ are prepared by conventional methods, e.g. Stirring, shaking or mixing, particularly preferably by shaking in the solvent L or
- the solution process can sometimes be considerably accelerated. Preference is given to temperatures of 10 to 160 ° C. Further preferred is the temperature range of 22 to 40 ° C. Particularly preferred is the preparation of the solution of silicone composition SZ at room temperature. The solutions are mixed until a homogeneous solution is obtained, in which all components of the silicone compositions SZ are completely dissolved. The time for this dissolving process is, for example, between 5 minutes and 48 hours. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dissolution process lasts between 1 h and 24 h, more preferably between 2 h and 8 h.
- Silicone composition SZ further additives Z added.
- Typical additives Z are inorganic salts and
- Precipitation medium F soluble polymers F soluble polymers.
- Common inorganic salts are LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , ZnCl 2 and
- additives Z include water-soluble polymers of the polymer solution
- Common water-soluble polymers are polyethylene glycols), poly (propylene glycols), poly (propylene ethylene
- glycols poly (vinyl pyrrolidones), poly (vinyl alcohols),
- Silicone-alkylene oxide copolymers and sulfonated polystyrenes A large part of the additives Z dissolves in the precipitation medium F in the phase inversion and is no longer contained in the membrane (M). Residues of the additives Z, which remain in the membrane (M) after production, can make the membrane (M) more hydrophilic overall.
- Silicone composition SZ is between 0.01% by weight and up to 50% by weight.
- the concentration is 0.1 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the additives Z is 1 to 5 wt .-%.
- Silicone composition SZ in a mold, preferably a film or a fiber.
- a mold preferably a film or a fiber.
- Silicone composition SZ preferably applied to a substrate or spun.
- the applied to substrates solutions are processed into flat membranes, while the spun solutions to hollow fiber membranes
- Filter filter cartridges This step removes large particles that are used in membrane fabrication
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 0.2 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ .
- Preferred pore sizes are 0.2 ⁇ to 50 ⁇
- Particularly preferred pore size are at 0.2 to 10 ⁇ .
- the gap height of the doctor blade used influences.
- the gap height of the doctor blade is preferably at least 1 ⁇ , especially
- the doctor height should not be set too high.
- the width of the squeegee job is basically not limited. Typical widths are in the range of 5 cm to 2 m. In a preferred embodiment of the invention is the
- Doctor blade width at least 10 cm and at most 1 m, in particular at most 50 cm.
- polymer films include all conventional methods, e.g. Pouring, spraying, screen printing, gravure printing and spin on disk.
- the film thickness is adjusted by the viscosity of the solution and by the film-forming speed.
- the speed of the order must always be chosen so that the solution can still wet the substrate, so that during film production no flow disturbances
- the order takes place at temperatures above 20 ° C.
- the application takes place in a temperature range of 25 to 50 ° C.
- the temperature can be adjusted to the temperature. In some cases it may be advantageous to heat both the solutions of the silicone composition SZ and the substrate to the desired temperature.
- the solution is heated to 40 ° C to 60 ° C and applied to the tempered to 20 ° C to 25 ° C substrate.
- Substrate material is particularly suitable metals, polymers, fabrics, polymer-coated fabrics and glasses.
- Suitable metals consist of titanium, iron, copper, aluminum and their alloys.
- polymers which can be processed into films or nonwovens.
- examples of such polymers are cellulose, polyamides, polyimides, polyetherimides,
- Polycarbonates polybenzimidazoles, polyethersulfones, polyesters, polysulfones, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyurethanes,
- Polyvinyl chlorides polyether glycols, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyaryl ether ketones, polyacrylonitrile,
- Polymethyl methacrylates Polyphenylene oxides, polycarbonates,
- Glass substrates all common glasses can be used. Examples are e.g. Quartz glass, leaded glass, float glass or soda-lime glass.
- the materials described can be present as plates, films, nets, woven and nonwoven, as well as nonwovens.
- the spacer is already connected to the membrane.
- the spacer is already connected to the membrane.
- the film is on a
- the film is produced on a PTFE-coated fabric.
- the film is applied to nonwovens, so that forms a membrane-nonwoven composite material after the fall process, whereby in the subsequent production of the membrane modules
- Nonwovens is divided into the application of the still wet polymer film on the nonwoven with subsequent phase inversion with the precipitation medium F in the third step.
- nonwoven fabrics which do not have defects on the surface such as e.g. Holes or perpendicular fibers.
- the porous membrane can be applied both to non-woven and woven nonwovens.
- the porous membrane is applied to a nonwoven web.
- Preferred materials for the nonwoven fabrics used are cellulose, polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes,
- the porous membrane (M) is applied to a nonwoven polyester nonwoven.
- the porous membrane (M) is applied to a glass fiber fleece, carbon fiber or aramid fiber fleece.
- the layer thickness of the substrates for the porous membrane (M) depends on the technical conditions of the
- Coating plant is preferably at least 10 ⁇ , more preferably at least 50 ⁇ ⁇ , in particular at least 100 ⁇ and preferably at most 2 mm, more preferably at most 600 .mu.m, in particular at most 400 ⁇ .
- the substrates used for the preparation of the membranes can be treated on the surface with additional substances.
- additional substances To call here would be u.a.
- adhesion promoters such as UV absorbers and / or radical scavengers.
- light stabilizers such as UV absorbers and / or radical scavengers.
- the films are additionally treated with ozone or UV light.
- such additives are preferred.
- the silicone composition SZ is processed in the second step by spinning into hollow fibers.
- the outer diameter of the fiber is preferably at least
- the maximum inner diameter of the hollow fiber is limited by the maximum outer diameter and is preferably at least 8 ⁇ , particularly preferably at least 80 ⁇ ,
- the medium is either gas or um
- Examples of typical gaseous media are air, compressed air,
- Nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide Nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide.
- Examples of typical liquid media are water or
- organic solvents are hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers,
- Hollow fiber membrane forming the separation-selective layer on the outside, inside or in the hollow fiber wall.
- water is used as the precipitation medium F and toluene is injected inside the hollow fiber.
- toluene is injected inside the hollow fiber.
- Another way to prevent the collapse of the hollow fibers is the use of nonwoven fabric tubes. As with the substrate-bound membranes, the
- a second polymer layer may also be co-spun.
- Production of hollow fibers can be increased. Typical temperatures are above 20 ° C. Spinning is particularly preferred at temperatures of from 20 ° C to 150 ° C. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the hollow fibers are prepared at 25 to 55 ° C.
- the films or hollow fibers can be pre-dried for a defined time before being immersed in the precipitation bath.
- the predrying can take place at ambient conditions. In some cases, it may be advantageous to pre-dry at defined environmental conditions, i. Temperature and relative humidity. The temperature is included
- the length of the pre-drying time depends on the ambient conditions. Typically, the predrying time is longer than 5 seconds. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the predrying time is 7 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the predrying time is 10 to 30 seconds.
- the predrying time is 30 seconds to 1 minute.
- the molded solutions in particular the polymer films or hollow fibers with a
- Precipitated medium F brought into contact, especially in a with
- the third step represents a phase inversion process.
- the precipitation medium F is a liquid in which the
- Silicone composition SZ preferably not more than 2 wt .-% at 20 ° C is soluble.
- the solvent L or solvent mixture L which is used for the preparation of the solution in the first step dissolves in the precipitation medium F at the pressure and temperature prevailing in the third step to at least 10% by weight, in particular at least 30% by weight.
- the most common precipitation medium F is water, in particular
- Filling media F are alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and longer-chain alcohols, or N-containing solvents, such as acetonitrile.
- the solvents and solvent mixtures which are described for the preparation of the polymer solution are basically suitable as precipitation medium F.
- the temperature of the precipitation medium F can have a great influence on the structure of the membrane (M). The temperature of the
- Boiling temperature of the precipitation medium F used is preferably in a range of 0 ° C to 80 ° C. More preferably, the temperature is in a range of 10 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the precipitation medium F may also contain additives which have an influence on the precipitation of the silicone composition SZ in the precipitation bath.
- Typical additives of the precipitation medium F are inorganic salts and polymers soluble in the precipitation medium F.
- Common inorganic salts are LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, CdCl2 and nCL2. In a preferred
- water-soluble polymers are added to the precipitation medium F.
- Common water-soluble polymers are polyethylene glycols), poly (propylene glycols), and
- the precipitation medium F may also contain the customary in solutions additives and additives. Examples are u.a. Flow control agents, surface-active substances, adhesion promoters, light stabilizers such as UV absorbers and / or radical scavengers.
- mixtures of different additives in the precipitation medium F can be incorporated with. So will be in one Particularly preferred embodiment of the invention 0.3 to 0.8 wt .-% dodecyl sulfate and 0.3 to 0.8 wt .-% LiF added to the precipitation bath.
- the concentration of the additives in the precipitation medium F is preferably at least 0.01 wt .-%, particularly preferably at least 0.1 wt .-%, in particular at least 1 wt .-% and preferably at most 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably at most 15 Wt .-%, in particular at most 5 wt .-%.
- Falling medium F is immersed, must in principle be chosen so that the necessary for membrane production
- Solvent exchange can take place.
- Immersion speeds are preferably at least 1 cm / s, more preferably at least 2 cm / s, in particular at least 5 cm / s, more preferably at least 10 cm / s and preferably at most 1 m / s, more preferably at most 50 cm / s, in particular at most 30 cm / s.
- the speed is preferably adjusted so that the uncrosslinked membranes (M) are continuously produced.
- the production of the wet shaped solution is preferably carried out with the same
- angles are preferably at least 1 °, particularly preferably at least 10 0, in particular at least 15 ° and preferably at most 90 °, particularly preferably
- Hollow fibers are preferably immersed in the precipitation medium F at an angle of 85 ° to 90 °.
- the preparation of the hollow fibers can be done with or without an air gap between the nozzle and precipitation bath.
- Solution in the precipitation medium F must always be chosen so that there is sufficient time until the solvent exchange has taken place.
- Typical times are preferably at least 10 s, more preferably at least 30 s,
- the uncrosslinked membrane consisting of silicone composition SZ is subjected to crosslinking.
- the temporal sequence is arbitrary, both steps can be performed sequentially or simultaneously.
- Silicone composition SZ in the fifth step are used to crosslink the silicone composition SZ SiH organosilicon compounds and a
- Crosslinking preferably thermally, preferably at 30 to 250 ° C, preferably at least 50 ° C, especially at
- the crosslinking takes place by irradiation with light of the wavelength 230-400 nm, preferably for at least 1 second, particularly preferably
- Silicone composition SZ with light preferably at least 1 second, more preferably at least 5 seconds and
- Crosslinking with photoinitiators may be carried out under inert gas, e.g. N2 or Ar or under air.
- the irradiated silicone composition SZ is after the
- the crosslinking of the uncrosslinked takes place
- crosslinking of the silicone composition SZ peroxides used is preferably carried out thermally, preferably at 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably at 100-200 ° C.
- the duration of thermal crosslinking is preferred at least 1 minute, more preferably at least 5 minutes and preferably at most 2 hours, more preferably
- the crosslinking with peroxides can be carried out under protective gas such. B. 2 or Ar or under air.
- the crosslinking is preferably carried out thermally, preferably at 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably at 100-200 ° C.
- the duration of the thermal crosslinking is preferably at least 1 minute, particularly preferably at least 5 minutes and preferably at most 2 hours, particularly preferably at most 1 hour.
- crosslinking with azo compounds can also be carried out under irradiation with UV light.
- the crosslinking with azo compounds can be carried out under protective gas such. B. N2 or Ar or under air.
- the crosslinked membranes (M) are characterized by the fact that the degree of crosslinking is> 50%, preferably> 70%.
- Degree of crosslinking is defined as the proportion of polymer which no longer dissolves in organic solvents which normally dissolve the silicone elastomers S1. Examples of such solvents are THF or iso-propanol.
- a suitable method to determine the degree of crosslinking is the extraction of the
- the membranes (M) By the removal of the membranes (M) into a plasma, the membranes can be subsequently sterilized, cleaned or etched with masks, for example.
- the surface hydrophobized or hydrophilized the surface hydrophobized or hydrophilized.
- the membranes (M) prepared according to the phase inversion process and crosslinking described above, in particular flat and hollow fiber membranes (M), have a layer thickness of preferably at least 0.1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at least 1 ⁇ m, in particular at least 10 ⁇ m, more preferably at least 50 ⁇ m and preferably at most 2000 pm, more preferably
- the membranes (M) have a porous after production
- the free volume is at least 5% by volume and at most up to 99% by volume, based on the volume of the silicone composition S.
- membranes (M) having a free volume of at least 20% by volume, more preferably at least 30% by volume, in particular at least 35% by volume and preferably at most 90% by volume, particularly preferably at most 80% by volume. %, in particular at most 75 vol .-%.
- the membranes (M) basically have an anisotropic structure.
- a more compact cover layer is followed by an increasingly porous polymer skeleton.
- the polymer backbone is covalently crosslinked.
- the selective cover layer can be closed, ie there are no pores> 1000 ⁇ , which is used as a gas separation membrane, with a pore size smaller than 100 ⁇ , as a membrane for nanofiltration, with a pore size smaller than 20 ⁇ , as membrane for reverse osmosis , with a pore size smaller than 10 ⁇ , or as a membrane for pervaporation is necessary.
- the thickness is preferably at least 10 nm, particularly preferably at least 100 nm, in particular at least 200 nm, and preferably
- At most 200 ⁇ more preferably at most 100 ⁇ , in particular at most 20 ⁇ .
- Preferred polymers have a high gas permeability.
- preferred polymers are polydimethylsiloxanes. Another way to spot defects on the surface
- Closing consists of a thermal treatment of
- Another object of the invention is the use of the porous cross-linked membranes (M) for the separation of
- compositions of the mixtures to be separated include solid-solid, liquid-liquid, gas-gaseous, solid-liquid, solid-gaseous, and liquid-gaseous mixtures. Tertiary mixtures can also be used with the
- the membranes (M) are separated into gaseous-gaseous, liquid-solid and liquid-liquid mixtures.
- the separation is preferably carried out in a one-step process or in so-called hybrid processes, ie two or more successive separation steps.
- liquid-liquid mixtures are first purified by distillation and then further separated using the porous membranes (M).
- the membranes (M) can be used in all membrane processes. Typical membrane processes are e.g. Reverse osmosis, gas separation, pervaporation, resin infusion in the manufacture of composites, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration.
- the membranes (M) are produced by selecting the appropriate production parameters in such a way that the pore structure necessary for the respective application is created.
- membranes (M) are obtained with a closed, selective layer, i. the pore sizes are preferably in a range of 1-10 ⁇ , which are particularly suitable for the separation of gas mixtures. Due to the anisotropic structure of the membranes (M), the flow and thus the performance compared to compact, non-porous silicone membranes can be significantly increased. For the separation of the gas mixtures thus clearly small amounts of energy are necessary. The membranes (M) can be produced much faster and cheaper, which is absolutely necessary for the technical use of such membranes (M).
- the covalent crosslinking increases the mechanical stability.
- the stability is compared
- Solvents or gases that can dissolve the membrane increases and thus prevents the membrane is damaged or destroyed in the separation process.
- Gaseous-gaseous mixtures that can be separated with the membranes (M) are eg O2 / 2, air, H2 / 2, H2O- Steam / air, H 2 / CO, H2 / C0 2, CO / C0 2, N 2 / C0 2, 0 2 / C0 2, H 2 / CH 4, CH 4 / C0 2, CH 4 / H 2 S , CH 4 / CnH 2 n + 2, CH 4 / H 2 O, gaseous organic compounds / air or gaseous organic compounds / N 2 .
- the membranes (M) are used in so-called pervaporation plants. typical
- Impurities that can be separated from the effluents with the membranes (M) are e.g. Benzene, acetone,
- the membrane (M) has pores in a range from 1 nm to 100 nm. These structures are suitable for the production of ultrafiltration membranes. Typical applications of
- Ultrafiltration membranes (M) are the purification of
- the membrane (M) has pores in a range of 100 nm to 10 ⁇ m. These membranes (M) are particularly preferred for use in microfiltration systems. Typical applications of microfiltration membranes (M) include the removal of bacteria or viruses from water, the sterile filtration of pharmaceutical products, the
- porous membranes (M) are coated with an additional polymer on the surface.
- the additional polymer coating is preferably a compact film.
- the thickness of the additional layer depends on the intended application of the end membrane. The thicknesses of
- Coatings are in a range of preferably at least 10 nm, particularly preferably at least 50 nm, in particular at least 100 nm and preferably at most 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at most 50 ⁇ m, in particular at most
- Suitable materials for the coating are all polymers processable into films.
- Examples of typical polymers are cellulose acetate, polyamides, polyimides, polyetherimides,
- Polycarbonates polybenzimidazoles, polyethersulfones, polyesters, polysulfones, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, polydimethylsilicones, polymethylphenylsilicones,
- Polymethylaryl silicones polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyether glycols, polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
- Polyaryletherketones polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylates, polyphenylene oxides, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polypropylenes and their possible copolymers.
- the polymers can by conventional methods on the
- Membranes (M) are applied. Examples of common Coating processes are larainering, spraying, knife coating or gluing.
- the membrane (M) must have a surface structure that allows compact and dense
- closed films can be applied. This can be adjusted inter alia by the pore structure of the membrane (M).
- Membrane flow and the selectivity of the membranes (M) are further improved.
- the covalent crosslinking increases the stability of the membrane.
- the membranes (M) may be e.g. in garments, e.g. Jackets, to be incorporated.
- auxiliary structures can be omitted in the membranes (M), since the membranes in addition to the compact and thin selective layer have a porous, crosslinked substructure, which gives the membranes (M) sufficient mechanical stability.
- the membranes (M) are easy to process and can be further processed without an additional porous support structure. If found to be convenient for specific separation applications, the membranes (M) can also be applied to porous structures. This can be done either directly on the carrier, i. The polymer film is applied to the substrate and so immersed in the precipitation medium (F), or the membrane (M) is prepared and laminated in a further step on the support structure.
- Adhesives may, for. As silicone, acrylate, epoxy, poly (urethane) or poly (olefin) based adhesives are used.
- adhesion promoters such. B. silanes
- the composite can also be made by thermally welding the membrane to the support structure.
- the membranes (M) can be easily installed in membrane modules. Basically, the structure of Hollow fiber modules, spiral wound winding modules, plate modules, cross-flow modules or dead-end modules, depending on the shape of the membrane (M) as a flat or hollow fiber membrane, possible.
- the membranes (M) can be easily integrated into the processes of currently common methods and with the components that are required in addition to the membrane for the construction of the modules.
- Formulas is the silicon atom tetravalent.
- Si-H crosslinker copolymer of dimethylsiloxane
- Pt catalyst CATALYST EP (1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane platinum complex), commercially available from Wacker Chemie AG (Germany).
- the membrane piece is dried at 100 ° C, weighed and at 82 ° C and 1.013 bar (abs.) In iso-propanol for one hour
- a doctor blade applicator (Coatmaster 509 MC-I, Erichson) is used to prepare a membrane from a doctoring solution.
- the film-drawing frame used is a chambered doctor blade having a film width of 11 cm and a gap height of 300 ⁇ m.
- the glass plate used as a substrate is fixed by means of a vacuum suction plate.
- the glass plate is in front of the
- the Filmziehrahmen is filled with the solution and pulled with a constant film drawing speed of 25 mm / s over the glass plate.
- the still liquid wet film is dipped into the water-filled inversion tank.
- the solvent exchange and the uniform precipitation of the polymer can be observed optically by the turbidity of the film.
- the time for the phase inversion is about 1 min.
- the membrane is removed from the pool after a total of 25 minutes and dried in air.
- the membrane can easily from
- Solids content of 14 wt .-% which is hereinafter referred to as squeegee solution.
- the compact cover layer is followed by an open-pore and porous substructure.
- the total porosity of the membrane produced in this way is 80% by volume.
- Solubility test is 0% by weight.
- Organopolysiloxane-polyurea copolymer (SLM TPSE 100, Wacker Chemie AG) dissolved in 32 g of isopropanol.
- the glass plate used as a substrate is fixed by means of a vacuum suction plate.
- the glass plate is in front of the
- H-NMR and 29 Si-NMR show that after 3 h all OH groups are converted to aminopropyl units.
- the product is purified by means of thin layers; it has a viscosity of 13 mPas (The flow curve is recorded after tempering to 25 ° C with a cone-and-plate viscometer using a cone l ° / 40 mm., After a Vorscherung the shear stress of 1000 mPa in steps of 400 mPa is increased to 5000 mPa., the resulting shear rates are measured and evaluated according to Newton.).
- Methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) are stirred in 170 ml of THF for 3 hours at 80 ° C. until complete conversion of all the monomers has taken place. The result is a highly viscous mass.
- the solvent is at 100 ° C and 10 mbar away.
- the membrane is crosslinked for 15 min at 100 ° C.
- the compact cover layer is followed by an open-pore and porous substructure.
- the total porosity of the membrane thus produced is the total porosity of the membrane thus produced.
- Solubility test is 85% by weight.
- Example 4 Preparation of a crosslinked asymmetrically porous silicone membrane on a polyester nonwoven fabric.
- Example 3 Analogous to Example 3, a membrane is manufactured. However, a polyester fleece (Novatexx ® , 2 15N, Freudenberg) is used as the substrate. The membrane is then crosslinked analogously to Example 3.
- a polyester fleece Novatexx ® , 2 15N, Freudenberg
- Solubility test is 89% by weight.
- the membrane is crosslinked for 15 min at 100 ° C.
- the compact cover layer is followed by an open-pore and porous substructure.
- the total porosity of the membrane thus produced is about 85
- Solubility test is 80% by weight.
- Example 6 Determination of the Gas Transport Properties of the Membranes Prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2
- Chambers of measurement separated by the membrane are then evacuated to a chamber with a constant gas flow of
- Example 7 Mechanical investigations of the membranes and films from Example 3 and Comparative Example 1
- the tensile tests are carried out in accordance with EN ISO 527-3.
- 5 rectangular test pieces (6 cm * 1 cm) punched out.
- the test pieces thus produced are pulled apart at a speed of 0.5 cm / s.
- the modulus of elasticity, the breaking stress and the elongation at break are determined from the determined stress-strain curves.
- the crosslinked membrane of Example 3 shows a significantly increased modulus of elasticity and breaking stress as the uncrosslinked membrane of Comparative Example 1.
- the crosslinked membranes are much more stable and resilient than the
Abstract
Description
Claims
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CN201480010541.0A CN105026023A (zh) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-19 | 由交联的热塑性有机硅弹性体制成的不对称多孔膜 |
KR1020157026077A KR20150123278A (ko) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-19 | 가교결합된 열가소성 실리콘 탄성중합체로 제조된 비대칭 다공성 막 |
EP14705199.9A EP2961521A1 (de) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-19 | Asymmetrisch poröse membranen aus vernetztem thermoplastischem siliconelastomer |
US14/769,481 US20160001237A1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2014-02-19 | Asymmetrically porous membranes made of cross-linked thermoplastic silicone elastomer |
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DE102013203129.7 | 2013-02-26 | ||
DE102013203129.7A DE102013203129A1 (de) | 2013-02-26 | 2013-02-26 | Asymmetrisch poröse Membranen aus vernetztem thermoplastischem Siliconelastomer |
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EP (1) | EP2961521A1 (de) |
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WO2018157941A1 (de) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-07 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Gereckte siliconmembranen |
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US9339770B2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-05-17 | Applied Membrane Technologies, Inc. | Organosiloxane films for gas separations |
US10427106B2 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2019-10-01 | Georgia Southern University Research and Service Foundation | Asymmetric membranes |
CN108117488B (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2020-02-11 | 湖北固润科技股份有限公司 | 肉桂酸苯甲酰基甲酯类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CA3067711A1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-27 | Elkem Silicones France Sas | Photoamorceurs radicalaires et leurs utilisations dans les compositions silicones |
CN110040843B (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-06-16 | 厦门理工学院 | 一种蒽醌化合物固定在无机填料表面的制备方法及应用 |
CN110681269B (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2022-04-22 | 宁波建嵘科技有限公司 | 一种两级涂覆异质同步复合膜制备装置 |
DE102019131675A1 (de) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Membranen für die flüssigkeitsaufbereitung |
US20220410078A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-12-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hollow fiber membranes with polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide copolymer skin layer and methods of making and using the same |
CN110935415B (zh) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-10-15 | 华东理工大学 | 一种用于油水混合液分离的改性聚四氟乙烯复合聚结填料 |
CN111318184B (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-12-03 | 太原理工大学 | 一种点击化学接枝功能化的聚酰亚胺co2分离膜的制备方法 |
CN111825215B (zh) * | 2020-06-17 | 2022-05-10 | 龙岩市厦龙工程技术研究院 | 一种含氮废水的膜生物反应器处理方法 |
CN112795196B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-10-28 | 南京工业大学 | 一种各向异性自增强有机硅复合材料及其制备方法 |
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- 2014-02-19 CN CN201480010541.0A patent/CN105026023A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
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US20160001237A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
DE102013203129A1 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
EP2961521A1 (de) | 2016-01-06 |
KR20150123278A (ko) | 2015-11-03 |
CN105026023A (zh) | 2015-11-04 |
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