WO2014127895A1

WO2014127895A1 - Method and device for lubricating cylinders

Info

Publication number: WO2014127895A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/000379
Authority: WO
Inventors: Stig Poulsen
Original assignee: Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland
Priority date: 2013-02-19
Filing date: 2014-02-12
Publication date: 2014-08-28
Also published as: KR20150114501A; CN105074145B; JP6441239B2; JP2016508565A; DE102013002743A1; CN105074145A; DE102013002743B4

Abstract

The invention relates to the lubrication of the cylinders (1) of internal combustion engines that burn acid-generating fuels, wherein several lubricants having different neutralization capability are used. According to the invention an optimization of the lubrication and of the acid neutralization and thus high operational reliability and economic efficiency can be achieved in that at least one lubricant having a neutralization capability that does not exceed the neutralization requirement in any possible use case and at least one lubricant having an neutralization capability that is not less than the neutralization requirement in any possible use case are used and that the lubricants used are individually fed to the cylinder interior in metered amounts and are mixed in the cylinder interior.

Description

Method and device for cylinder lubrication

The invention relates to a method and a device for cylinder lubrication in piston-type acid-burning fuel-burning internal combustion engines, wherein a plurality of lubricants with different neutralizing capability are used, which are blended in a relationship depending on the respective need neutralization and lubrication.

Hereinafter, the terms "cylinder" and "cylinder liner" are alternatively used and shall be understood to both generally designate any part having at least one piston for a reciprocating piston to communicate a volume of an associated combustion chamber limit what is also intended by the scope of the claims. The intended type of lubrication of the tread of a cylinder or a cylinder housing is found predominantly in large engines, which are often of the crosshead type and have a facility to keep apart the lubrication environment for the cylinder / piston area of possible lubrication environments of often more critical type (eg Lubrication of the bearings on a crankshaft). Cylinders of an engine are often arranged in a row with parallel vertical cylinder axes. However, it should be understood that each cylinder axis arrangement and each relative positioning of possibly more cylinder axes of a motor

BBSTÄTiGUNGSKOPig are also included.

With the lubrication of the sliding surfaces between the cylinder liners and the pistons of reciprocating internal combustion engines moving therein, several objectives are pursued. On the one hand, a lubricant film should be formed by the lubricant in order to avoid direct contact of the materials underlying the mutual sliding surfaces. This is usually the avoidance of a direct contact of metal on metal, even if this is also relevant for other material combinations. On the other hand, the lubricant should prevent acid attack on the sliding surfaces by neutralizing the acid products formed during combustion, especially when burning heavy sulfur heavy oil. The neutralizing power of a lubricant is usually given in BN units (mgKOH / g).

It has already been proposed (DE 101 12 691 A1) to use a lubricant with a specific BN number for the cylinder lubrication and to increase or decrease the amount of lubricant supplied to the cylinders as a function of the sulfur content of the fuel used. However, there are limits to this with very high or very low sulfur content. Increasing the lubricant supplied beyond a certain amount and also throttling the lubricant below a certain amount would result in damage to the engine. An excess of lubricant can experience lead to a so-called polishing. The consequence of this is a lack of adhesion of the lubricant to the surfaces to be lubricated and thus leading to increased wear direct contact of the underlying sliding surfaces of both materials. This occurs, for example, in the arrangement underlying DE 101 12 691 A1, since there a direct contact of metal on metal is provided. By limiting the amount supplied, however, it is accepted that not all of the acid is neutralized. A reduction below a certain minimum, on the other hand, would lead to a lack of lubricant and Accordingly, lead to a tearing of the lubricating film and thus to the same disadvantages as above. With a restriction of the reduction of the amount supplied only up to a certain minimum but too much neutralizing capacity is available and is lost unused. Since the neutralizing capacity is based on the addition of relatively expensive additives, this results in a poor economy.

It has also been proposed (JP H03-1941109, published August 23, 1991) to keep lubricating oils of different neutralizing ability ready to be mixed with a sulfur content of the fuel mixing ratio and mix the mixture to the cylinder, wherein the supplied amount does not change becomes. It has also been proposed (JP 1041619A, published on 13 February 1989) to add more or less neutralizing capacity-increasing additive to a given lubricating oil, depending on the sulfur content of the fuel. Again, the amount supplied to the cylinder is not changed. In both cases, the cylinder is fed the finished mixture. The mixture is done before. However, this leads to high dead times in the case of a desired change in the mixing ratio. Since in both cases only the mixing ratio is changed, but not the total amount supplied to the cylinder, it can also lead to excess lubricating oil or lubricating oil in both cases.

On this basis, it is therefore the object of the present invention to improve a method and a device of the type mentioned with simple and inexpensive means so that for all conceivable applications optimizing the lubricity and neutralizing ability and thus high reliability with the greatest possible profitability can be achieved. This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in that at least one lubricant with a neutralizing power that does not exceed the required neutralization requirement in any case in question, and at least one lubricant with a neutralizing capacity, which is smaller than the neutralization requirement required in any application, use and that the lubricants used individually metered in the amount of the interior of the cylinder, preferably the cylinder inside are supplied, where a blending takes place.

With these measures, the disadvantages of the known proposals are completely avoided. The use according to the invention of extremes adapted to extreme conditions of use with respect to the acid attack upwards and downwards and their individual metering ensures that lubricant excess and never lubricant deficiency can never occur and that nevertheless the accumulating acid can always be completely neutralized. Since the blending of the two lubricants takes place only within the cylinder, very short dead times also result in an advantageous manner in the event of a change in the desired mixing ratio. The individual metering advantageously makes it possible to adapt the lubrication to locally different requirements within the cylinder. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the higher-level measures are specified in the subclaims.

Thus, it may prove to be advantageous if the cylinder inside except the above-mentioned extreme lubricants also at least one other substance can be supplied with other helpful properties. This allows a favorable conditioning of the treads beyond the lubrication addition. Thus, for example, in the combustion of low-sulfur or sulfur-free fuel, the danger of a surface that is too smooth due to a certain acid entry could be counteracted in this way. Another substance may also be a BN interval lubricating oil of substantially different viscosity. As a result, in addition to adjusting the neutralizing ability, it is also possible to set the required actual Viscosity can be achieved.

The desired waste of the substances supplied within the cylinder can be effected in different ways. A particularly simple possibility may be that the substances used are supplied in such a way that, when they run downwards due to the effect of gravity, they overlap and wet each other.

Another possibility may be that the materials used are supplied to the cylinder so that a trituration by means of at least one passing past the supply points, mechanical body and / or a pneumatic pressure surge occurs. The said mechanical organs may also be sliding members provided on the piston side at the feed points, such as e.g. Act piston rings or scraper rings, which cause a leveling and mixing of the supplied substances with each up and down stroke of the associated piston.

Another possibility may be that the substances used are supplied in such a way that overlapping sprays and / or spraying cones occur at the feed points. Of course, several or all possibilities of the above-mentioned type can be used simultaneously.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that each substance is supplied via its own feed points. This, together with the individual dosage of the various substances, allows a particularly simple adaptation to the needs of the individual case.

A further expedient measure may be that the supply of the various substances is controlled separately for each cylinder or group of associated cylinders. This advantageously leads to an optimization of the cylinder lubrication of the entire engine, for example, when one or more cylinders of the engine with reduced power output or operated be idling or even periodically idle.

A simple structural measure may be that in the cylinder wall distributed over the circumference, the substances used associated lubricating nozzles are provided, wherein lubricating nozzles, which are assigned to different materials, are distributed to different heights. This measure leads to the above-mentioned waste by gravity and / or mixing by along the cylinder surface vorbeistreichenden elements. Advantageously, at least two superposed, different lubricants associated, be provided over the cylinder circumference extending rows of lubricating nozzles.

Another advantageous measure may be that the lubricating nozzles are arranged and / or activated in accordance with a distribution pattern adapted to local characteristics. Hereby, special local circumstances, such as an increased lateral piston compression, eg for a horizontal cylinder axis, and / or a locally increased acid attack, etc., can be taken into account particularly easily. According to a further advantageous embodiment it can be provided that the lubricating nozzles are at least partially formed as multiple nozzles with at least two different materials associated inputs and these associated nozzle openings. With such lubricating nozzles different lubricants or other components can be supplied to the associated cylinder in an advantageous manner, which not only promotes the formation of the desired Schmierververschnitts particularly, but also allows the simultaneous supply of other helpful components. Advantageously, the nozzle openings can be at least partially directed so that rays or spray cones formed by differently supplied substances meet or overlap one another. Often available standard nozzles can be selected for the intended purpose. Another way to be able to supply a cylinder different, individually metered lubricants and possibly other components with a common lubricating nozzle, may consist in that the fluid column generated in a supply line associated with the lubricating nozzle inform by a sequence of different materials used by lubricants and lubricants Other components existing sections is formed, the volume of which is determined depending on the existing neutralization and lubrication requirements and / or other needs. At each lubrication point, the different sections of the fluid column emerge in succession, with different lengths and / or diameters of the supply lines leading to the different lubrication points a certain variation in terms of occurring simultaneously at the different lubrication fluid types can be achieved, resulting in a particularly intensive mixing can lead. However, it would also be conceivable to achieve such a result even with equally long and / or equal-volume supply lines by a suitable structure of the various fluid columns.

Further advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the higher-level measures are specified in the remaining subclaims and from the following example description in conjunction with the drawings closer.

In the drawing described below: Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view through a cylinder of a

Reciprocating internal combustion engine with two superimposed lubrication nozzle rows for different lubricants,

FIG. 2 shows a development of a cylinder surface with a larger field

distributed lubricating nozzles arranged according to a specific pattern, FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a multiple nozzle,

FIG. 4 shows an alternative to FIG. 3; and FIG. 5 shows an example with a sequence of different ones

Lubricants formed existing sections

Lubricant columns within supply lines leading to individual lubrication nozzles.

Main field of application of the invention are large internal combustion engines with crosshead, in particular two-stroke large diesel engines with DC flushing, which are often operated with heavy oil. Heavy oil can contain comparatively much sulfur, which can lead to the formation of sulfuric acid etc. during combustion. This acid can attack the sliding surfaces of the pistons and / or cylinder liners and must therefore be neutralized to avoid such an attack.

The construction and operation of large DC irrigation type large engines, such as two-stroke large diesel engines, are well known in the art and will therefore be discussed below only to the extent necessary to understand the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a cylinder 1 of such an engine. In general, a plurality of such, preferably arranged in series cylinder 1 are provided. In each cylinder 1 an associated, not shown here, piston is arranged, which forms a movable boundary of a combustion chamber 2. The sliding surfaces of the cylinder 1 and the piston moved therein are lubricated. For this purpose, built-in lubricating nozzles 3 are provided in the cylinder wall, which are only indicated schematically in Figure 1 with lubricants. The lubricating nozzles 3 may be pressure-opening nozzles provided with a check valve. Otherwise For example, lubricating nozzles may often be of a known type suitable for the purpose. The distribution of the output from the lubricating nozzles 3 lubricant on the circumference and the height of the cylinder inside is usually accomplished by passing on the lubricating nozzles 3 organs, such as scraping and / or piston rings of the piston or by the exhaust gas or the charge air generated pressure surges and so on ,

Lubrication usually has two purposes. On the one hand, a supporting lubricating film is to be formed on the mutual sliding surfaces of cylinder 1 and piston in order to prevent direct contact of the mutual sliding surfaces associated materials, for example in metal sliding surfaces direct contact of metal on metal. In addition, the acid products formed during combustion should be neutralized. Depending on the S content (sulfur content) of the fuel used, more or less sulfuric acid is produced and therefore more or less neutralizing power of the lubricant is needed. The neutralizing power of the lubricant is usually achieved by adding suitable additives. However, these are very expensive and should therefore be used as sparingly as possible. On the other hand, both too much and too little lubricant is harmful. An excess of lubricant can lead to a so-called polishing of the sliding surfaces and thus to a reduction of their affinity for the lubricant, a lack of lubricant can lead to a tearing of the lubricating film. Both are undesirable. To achieve optimization in terms of both cost and lubrication and neutralization, several lubricants having different neutralizing properties are used to accomplish cylinder lubrication. In this case, at least one lubricant is provided whose neutralizing capacity in any conceivable application goes beyond the required neutralization requirement, and at least one other lubricant whose neutralizing capacity in any conceivable application case behind the need for neutralization remains. The lubricants used are metered individually in the amount and fed to the inside of the cylinder, where then a mixture, that is, a blend takes place. As a result of these measures, there is never a lack of lubricant and never an excess of lubricant. Since the individual metering is done depending on the need for neutralization and lubricant, sufficient re-alkalization capability is always provided to neutralize all of the resulting acid, but no more, thereby avoiding wastage of the neutralizing agent-raising additive.

In the example on which FIG. 1 is based, two lubricants A, B are used, each having one of the above-mentioned extreme properties. For each lubricant A, B a separate tank 4 or 5 is provided as a reservoir. The provided in the cylinder wall, distributed over the circumference of the lubricating nozzles 3 are partially associated with the one lubricant A and partially the other lubricant B. Each lubricant A, B are assigned accordingly own lubricating nozzles 3. Of course, more than two lubricants could be used. However, there must always be at least two lubricants with the above-mentioned extreme properties.

The arranged in the cylinder wall lubricating nozzles 3 are partially arranged at different heights. In the illustrated example, two superimposed rows of lubricating nozzles 3 are provided, wherein the upper row of the lubricant A and the lower row of the lubricant B should be assigned. Of course, the patterns of lubrication nozzles could be provided other than by two superimposed rows. The emerging from the lubricating nozzles 3 lubricants run down in consequence of gravity, wherein the emerging from the upper lubricant nozzle 3 lubricant A can superimpose and wet the emerging from the lower lubricant nozzles 3 lubricant B, which is already a mixture, that is the desired blend results. This is supported by the opposite of the cylinder wall moving Piston, which is provided with Abstreif- or piston rings, which pass by the lubricating nozzles 3. Likewise, there may be pneumatic influences caused by the exhaust gases and / or the charge air pressure surges. The lubricants A, B are individually metered depending on the required neutralization and lubrication requirements of the amount and so fed to the associated lubricating nozzles 3 and introduced via this in the cylinder 1. For this purpose, different facilities are applicable. For the lubricant A in the illustrated example according to Figure 1, a pump 6 and acted upon by this, practically forming a common rail pressure line 7 is provided, from which to the individual, the lubricant A associated lubricating nozzles 3 leading supply lines 8 depart. The pump 6 is designed here as a pressure pump, at the input of the lubricant A is present by gravity. The associated tank 4 is accordingly preferably arranged higher than the pump 6. For activating or passivating the lubricating nozzles 3 assigned to the lubricant A, a valve arrangement is provided by means of which the supply lines 8 can be connected to the pressure line 7 and vice versa. In the example shown, the valve assembly includes a arranged at the output of the pressure line 7 switching valve 9. Of course, it would also be conceivable to assign each supply line 8 has its own switching valve, which would allow different opening and / or cycle times. The opening time of the switching valve 9 or valves determines the lubrication nozzles 3 each associated amount of lubricant. The valve assembly, here inform the switching valve 9 is controlled accordingly, as indicated by an associated control line 10, which is derived from a control device 1 1, which will be discussed below. According to the need arising from the actual layout of the conduits 7, 8 and the valve 9, downstream the pump 6 may comprise, for example, an accumulator, a pressure regulating pressure relief valve or other pressure stabilizing mechanisms and necessary control means (not shown), as would be understood by those skilled in the art is well known. Another example of a lubricant supply device is shown in FIG. 1 on the basis of the lubricant B. In this case, a pump or an arrangement of several pumps can be used. In the example shown, an honing chamber metering pump 12 is provided, the chambers 13 of which are connected in each case via a supply line 8 to a respectively assigned lubricating nozzle 3 for the lubricant B. Other types of pumps would of course be conceivable. A working pump, in the example shown in the form of multi-chamber metering pump 12, a supply pump 14 may be upstream, which is formed in the example shown as a suction and pressure pump and the suction side accordingly to the lubricant B associated tank 5 and the pressure side to the input of the multi-chamber Metering pump 12 is connected. The multiple metering pump 12 can take only a certain amount of lubricant at each stroke. The pump 14 is accordingly also associated with a return line 15, via which the excess flow rate is conveyed back into the tank 5. Alternatively, the pump 14 may be of the self-regulating type to maintain a pressure for the pump 12 independent of the requested flow to the pump 12. The capacity of the chambers 13 of the multiple metering pump 12 is the same in the illustrated embodiment. At each stroke of the multiple metering pump 12, the associated lubricating nozzles 3 are applied accordingly with the same amount of lubricant. Also, different, individually adjustable sizes of the chambers 13 would be conceivable, so that locally different needs could be met.

The stroke frequency of the driven by a drive means pump assembly, for example in the form of multiple metering pump 12 is similar to the switching frequency of the switching valve 9 controllable, as indicated by a drive of the multiple metering pump 12 associated control line 16, which in the example shown also from the controller 1 1 goes off. The control device 1 1 controls the respectively supplied amount of the lubricant A and the lubricant B as a function of the respective neutralization and Lubricant requirements such that sufficient neutralizing agent is provided in each case, but not more, and that at the same time sufficiently lubricated, but no lubricant surplus arises. For this purpose, the control device 1 1 processes corresponding operating parameters, as indicated by an input 17 for at least one operating parameter. The control device 11 may be a central control device for the entire engine, by means of which the lubricant supply assigned to each cylinder or cylinder group is individually controlled, as indicated in FIG. 1 by additional control lines 10a, 16a leading to further cylinders , It would also be conceivable to associate each cylinder or each cylinder group with its own control device.

The metering devices with switching valve 9 or metering pump 12 described in FIG. 1 are only examples. The same applies to the number of lubricants used. Of course, as already mentioned, more than two lubricants or other substances with desired properties could be used, but at least two lubricants should have the above-mentioned extreme properties. Likewise, it would of course be conceivable to provide the same metering devices inform of switching valves or metering pumps for metering all lubricants.

In Figure 1, two superimposed rows of lubricating nozzles 3 are provided by way of example. It would also be conceivable to provide a plurality of rows of lubricants within a larger field. Such an example is based on FIG. In this case, 18 denotes a field swept from the upper side of the piston 19 within the cylinder 1. In the area of the field 18, a multiplicity of lubricating nozzles 3 are provided, which can be arranged and / or activated according to a specific distribution pattern. In this case, a plurality of superimposed rows of lubricating nozzles 3 may be provided, wherein the lubricating nozzles of a row can be supplied in each case only with one type of lubricant or with multiple types of lubricant, as illustrated in Figure 2 by L and N. This can be a local different lubrication or neutralization requirements by a corresponding distribution and / or activation of the lubricants associated with the individual lubricants 3 are taken into account. The same applies to structural conditions, such as a reinforced, lateral piston pressure or a locally increased acid formation due to a specific position of the fuel injection.

Of course, it would also be conceivable to combine the measures illustrated in FIG. 2 with the measures mentioned in connection with FIG. 1 with regard to variation of the control times of control valves associated with the supply lines 8 and / or variation of the size of the chambers 13 of the multiple dosing pump 12. The selective activation of selected lubricating nozzles 3 from a larger lubricating nozzle field can be effected simply by supplying only the selected lubricating nozzles 3 with the selected lubricant, etc.

The lubricating nozzles 3 may be simple, provided with a check valve pressure nozzles that open under pressure. An education as a spray and / or jet nozzles would of course be conceivable. Check valves may also be located elsewhere in the supply lines 8 leading to the lubricating nozzles 3, or may be dispensed with if the pumping system (13, 9) has a suitable capability of resisting the pressurization from the cylinder volume , It is also conceivable to pressurize the lubricating nozzles 3 with a lubricant or with a plurality of lubricants. Such, acted upon with a plurality of lubricants and accordingly designed as a multi-nozzle 20 lubricating nozzle is the figure 3 based. The multiple nozzle 20 has several, in the example shown, two inputs 21, 22 for different lubricants, here the two lubricants A and B. Likewise, the multiple nozzle 20 has a plurality, the different lubricants associated, in the example shown two the lubricants A and B associated spray heads 23rd , 24. These can be set so that the dispensed spray jets 25, 26 each other meet, with which the desired waste of lubricants A and B accomplished or favors. In the example shown, the spray heads 23, 24 generate spray jets which strike each other. However, it would also be conceivable to produce overlapping spray cones and in this way to accomplish the desired waste or to favor it.

The example according to FIG. 4 is likewise based on multiple nozzles 20. The spray heads are adjusted so that the formed by different lubricants A, B rays 25, 26 of adjacent multi-nozzles 20 in the area between them meet each other and thus cause or favor the desired waste.

Another possibility for effecting the desired Verschleiß several substances, here A, B, C, which may be lubricants and / or other substances with desired properties, each with only one lubricating nozzle is shown in FIG 5. Here again are several in the Cylinder wall arranged lubricating nozzles 3 are provided, which can be arranged one above the other, side by side or according to a predetermined distribution pattern. Each lubricating nozzle 3 is associated with a supply line 27. Each lubricating nozzle 3 is here subjected to all the substances used, ie in the example shown with the substances A, B, C. For this purpose, the liquid column produced in each of the supply lines 27 and present at the associated lubricating nozzle 3 is formed as a result of column sections 28 consisting of the various substances, which are designated in FIG. 5 with the respectively associated substance A or B or C.

The length of the individual substances A, B, C associated column sections 28 depends on the particular needs, in particular the respective lubrication and / or neutralization needs. For this purpose, one common to several, in the example shown for all supply lines 27 common metering pump 29 is provided which can be acted upon by the substances A, B, C used and accordingly one of the number of substances used A, B, C corresponding Number of one of the substances used A, B, C associated inputs 30 each with associated supply pump 31 has. The metering pump 29 also has a number of outputs 32 corresponding to the number of connected supply lines. The function of the metering pump 29 is such that one respective input 30 is activated per stroke, whereby the above-mentioned sequence of the different substances A, B, C associated column sections 28 is formed.

The volume, i. with the same diameter of the supply lines 27, the length of the individual column sections 28 can, as Figure 5 can be clearly seen, be different, which is achieved by a different stroke length or by changing the sum of added unit doses of the metering pump 29. The metering pump 29 can be constructed and controlled similarly, as the multi-chamber metering pump 12 in the example of Figure 1, to which reference is made. The only difference is that several, alternatively activatable inputs 30 are provided.

At each stroke of the metering pump 29 as much volume of lubricant is discharged to the lubricating nozzles 3, as is conveyed by the metering pump 29 in the supply lines 27. If all supply lines 27 are the same, ie have the same capacity, is at the associated lubricating nozzles 3 in each case the same type of material, which then also applies to the emerging from the lubricating nozzles 3 means. This may be the content of each column section 28 or the entire or partial content of several column sections 28, depending on the length of the sections 28 and the length of the respective stroke of the metering pump 29. Very likely, thereby already the entire cylinder wall on average supplied with a blend of the various individually introduced substances. This is further enhanced if the supply lines 27 are of different lengths or have different diameters, ie have different capacities, so that different lubricants are present at the individual lubricating nozzles 3 and at each stroke of the metering pump 29 be ejected. It is therefore possible a high variability.

In order to ensure a particularly high level of safety, at least one element of the lubricant supply device may be provided with e.g. in Figure 1 in the region of the tank 5 indicated mark 33, from which a classification of the device according to parameters such as installation date, maintenance, life, etc. emerges. Suitably, such a marker 33 may be formed as an RFID chip, which is read without contact, wherein the arrangement is expediently chosen so that this is possible from the outside. It is conceivable to provide a common marking 33 for an entire engine or to assign a separate marking to each cylinder or cylinder group.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described examples.

Thus, in addition to lubricants, the cylinder inside can also be supplied with one or more further substances which have other valuable properties. For example, in addition to the two fluids forming the extreme lubricants, at least one third fluid could be added, which practically forms a kind of medicine for the engine and can be supplied to those sites of the cylinder wall where a problem, for example the risk of starting a so-called feeding, was determined. In such a case, a special lubricant or other auxiliary fluid may then be delivered to the affected location through a selected number of nozzles according to a desired delivery pattern, ie, in a desired local distribution. In cases where there is a risk of so-called polishing or it comes to polishing already, it may be advantageous if a further liquid supplied to the sliding surfaces is an acid, whereby a certain etching takes place, resulting in a roughening of the sliding surfaces and thus to a Improvement of the adhesion of the lubricant leads. Likewise, it would be conceivable to introduce other liquids or liquid components during operation only from time to time by means of one or some of the nozzles. In some large engines, a calculated excess of used cylinder oil is collected. Advantageously, a greater or lesser amount of such used cylinder oil may be recycled back to the cylinder (s), for example as a medium quality C component, after necessary cleaning or filtering and verification of properties for proper calculation of the respective A- , B and C doses. It should also be noted that the system within the scope of the appended claims can also be operated with a single cylinder lubricating component in the event that no additional neutralizing capacity or the like is necessary, which may be the case, for example, if a large engine, which has the system according to the invention is actually operated with gas or other sulfur-free fuel. Further, in a multi-cylinder engine, it may be desirable to run one or more cylinders empty, ie, not to fuel. This may be desirable, for example, to reduce the power delivered or to avoid failure during critical situations at sea. In this case, a third, merely lubricating component can advantageously be introduced or returned into the cylinder.

Likewise, it is of course conceivable to control the distribution of the active nozzles, i. to change the supply pattern with respect to one or more fluids to be supplied during operation of the engine and to adapt to changing needs to ensure proper operation of the affected cylinder. Such situations occur, for example, when the type of fuel is changed, for example from natural gas to oil or vice versa.

Claims

1. A method for cylinder lubrication in acid-generating fuels burning internal combustion engines, wherein a plurality of lubricants are used with different neutralizing capacity, which are blended in a dependent of the required neutralization and lubrication requirement ratio each other, characterized in that at least one lubricant with a neutralizing capacity at no eligible application goes beyond the required neutralization requirement, and at least one lubricant with a neutralizing capacity, which is smaller than the required neutralization requirement for any application, find use and that the lubricants used individually dosed in the amount fed to the cylinder inside become where a blending takes place.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the

Cylinder inside except the aforementioned extreme lubricants also at least one other substance is supplied with other helpful properties. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the waste of the cylinder inside the liquid state supplied substances is at least effected by the fact that the running down due to the force of gravity substances superimpose and moisten each other.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waste of the cylinder inside the supplied fluids at least partially by trituration by means of at least one passing past the feed points, mechanical body and / or pneumatic pressure surge occurs.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blending of the cylinder inside the supplied materials at least partially by overlapping of spray points and / or spray jets (23, 24) generated at the feed points takes place. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply of the substances to the cylinder inside takes place at several, distributed over the cylinder circumference lubrication points.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the density of the distribution of the activated lubrication points is adapted to the needs. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the cylinder inside supplied material is supplied via its own lubrication points.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply of the different substances for each cylinder (1) or each cylinder group is controlled separately.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the different substances are stored in their own tanks (4 and 5), from which they are removed and then fed to the associated lubrication points. 11.Vorrichtung for cylinder lubrication in acid-burning fuels burning internal combustion engines, in particular for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims, with means for providing at least two lubricants, of which at least one lubricant has a neutralizing capacity, which in no case in question about the required neutralization requirement, and at least one lubricant has a neutralizing capacity that is smaller than the neutralization requirement required in any case, as well as with means for depending on the neutralization and Lubricating requirements, quantitative metering of the lubricants and their supply to the cylinder inside.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that means are provided for providing and dosing of at least one further substance with other helpful properties and for their supply to the cylinder inner side.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the lubricants are supplied to the cylinder inside via discrete lubricating nozzles (3). H.Vorrichtung according to one of claims 1 1 to 13, characterized in that distributed in the cylinder wall over the circumference, the materials used, at least the lubricants used associated lubricating nozzles (3) are provided, wherein the lubricating nozzles (3) associated with the different substances are distributed to different heights. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that at least two superimposed, different materials associated rows of lubricating nozzles (3) are provided.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the

Lube nozzles (3) in a field (18) arranged with a plurality of rows of lubricating nozzles and distributed and / or activated according to a distribution pattern corresponding to the need.

1 /.Vorrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims 14 to 16, characterized in that in a peripheral area with lateral piston pressing more lubricant associated with the lower neutralizing capacity lubricating nozzles (3) and / or in a peripheral area with increased acid attack more associated with the lubricant with high neutralizing capacity Lubricating nozzles (3) are provided.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the nozzle openings of the lubricating nozzles (3) are at least partially directed so that rays formed by different lubricants (25, 26) are directed towards each other. 19.Vorrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the nozzle openings of the lubricating nozzles (3) are at least partially formed so that spray cones result, wherein spray cones formed by different lubricants overlap each other.

20.Vorrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the lubricating nozzles (3) at least partially as ehrfachdüsen (20) with at least two different materials associated inputs (21, 22) and these associated nozzle heads (23, 24) are.

21.Vorrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the acted upon with the same substance lubricating nozzles (3) or nozzle-side inputs (21, 22) of a cylinder at least partially with a common, can be acted upon by the substance in question pressure line ( 7) are connected, which by means of a controllable valve assembly (9) up and is deductible. 22. Device according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 21, characterized in that the acted upon with the same substance lubricating nozzles (3) or nozzle-side inputs (21, 22) of a cylinder (1) at least partially, each with a chamber (13) of a common, can be acted upon by the substance in question multi-chamber metering pump (12) are connected, which is provided with a controllable drive means.

23.Vorrichtung according to one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 22, characterized in that a at least one input (17) for at least one operating parameter of the motor having control means (11) is provided, by means of which the supply of each of the different substances to each cylinder (1) or each cylinder group is separately controllable.

24. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 23, characterized in that the lubricating nozzles (3) or nozzle-side inputs at least partially associated with a fluid column supply line (27) is associated, wherein the fluid column by a sequence of from various substances used existing sections (28) is formed, the volume of which is measured depending on the existing neutralization and lubricating requirements and / or other needs.

25. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that a plurality of supply lines (27) is assigned a common metering pump (29) with a number of substances used corresponding number of inputs (30). 26.Vorrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 25, characterized in that the internal combustion engine a

Reciprocating internal combustion engine of a type with a separate lubrication for bearings on a crankshaft.

27. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 26, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is designed as a two-stroke crosshead large diesel engine.

28. Device according to one of the preceding claims 1 1 to 27, characterized in that at least one element of the internal combustion engine has a mark (33), from which a classification of the cylinder lubrication according to parameters, such as installation date, maintenance, life, etc. emerges.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized

Mark (33) can be read from the outside.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the marking (33) is readable with the engine running.

31.Vorrichtung according to any one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the marking (33) is received on a non-contact readable memory module.

32. Device according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that at least one cylinder (1), preferably all cylinders (1) of the engine, a mark (33) is associated.