EP2177720B1 - Large diesel engine - Google Patents
Large diesel engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2177720B1 EP2177720B1 EP09169466.1A EP09169466A EP2177720B1 EP 2177720 B1 EP2177720 B1 EP 2177720B1 EP 09169466 A EP09169466 A EP 09169466A EP 2177720 B1 EP2177720 B1 EP 2177720B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pump
- lubricant
- lubrication
- diesel engine
- nozzle unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/14—Timed lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
- F01M2001/0207—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the type of pump
- F01M2001/023—Piston pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
- F01M2001/0253—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the pump driving means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
- F01M2001/083—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means for lubricating cylinders
Definitions
- the invention relates to a large diesel engine according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- the piston slides on the inner wall of the cylinder serving as a running surface, which is usually designed in the form of a cylinder liner.
- the piston must slide as easily as possible, that is, unhindered, in the cylinder, on the other hand, the piston must the combustion chamber in the cylinder as well as possible seal to ensure efficient conversion of energy released during the combustion process into mechanical work.
- a lubricating oil is usually introduced into the cylinder in order to achieve good running properties of the piston and to minimize the wear of the cylinder wall, the piston and the piston rings. Furthermore, the lubricating oil is used to neutralize aggressive combustion products and to prevent corrosion. Due to these numerous requirements, lubricating oils are often used very high quality and expensive substances.
- lubrication systems used in large diesel engines deliver the lubricant, usually a lubricating oil, through the wall of the cylinder to the tread or directly into the piston ring package of the piston so that the piston rings distribute the lubricant on the tread during their movement.
- the introduction of the lubricant takes place through lubrication points, which typically form the outlet openings of nozzles, lubricating nozzles or so-called quills.
- a lubricating oil pump per cylinder For the supply of the individual lubrication points usually a lubricating oil pump per cylinder is used, which supplies all lubrication points of this cylinder with lubricant. Due to the design, this lubricating oil pump may be a few meters away from the respective cylinder or from the respective lubrication points.
- the lubricant is to be introduced into the piston ring package, so depending on the position of the lubrication points at full speed of the engine only a few milliseconds available during which the piston ring package passes the lubrication points. Due to system inertia, the For example, due to the compressibility of the lubricant or due to the hydraulic inertia, the lubricating oil pump to compensate must have a lead time, which must be laboriously determined and adjusted.
- this required lead time may change and must therefore be monitored, compared with the effective time of introduction and corrected if necessary.
- the problem-solving object of the invention is characterized by the features of the independent claim.
- a large diesel engine is proposed with at least one cylinder which has a bore and a longitudinal axis, and in which a piston can be moved back and forth along a running surface is arranged, wherein a lubrication system for the cylinder lubrication is provided, which comprises at least two lubrication points, via which a lubricant can be applied to the tread, and a lubricant supply for conveying the lubricant from a lubricant reservoir to the lubrication points.
- the lubricant supply has at least one pump-nozzle unit, which is arranged at the lubrication points, each pump-nozzle unit comprising a pump which is connected to the highest two lubrication points, so that each unit injector with lubricant at most two lubrication points provided.
- the pump-nozzle unit is provided directly at the lubrication points, in particular such that the lubrication point forms the outlet opening of the nozzle, results in a very short distance between the pump and the lubrication point supplied by them.
- the problems caused by long lines which are based in particular on the hydraulic inertia and the compressibility of the lubricant, at least greatly reduced, so that a high accuracy with respect to the timing of the introduction of the lubricant is made possible.
- the pump of each unit injector is operable independently of the pumps of the other unit injectors. Characterized in that for each one or at most two lubrication points, an independently operable pump is provided, also results in a very flexible and efficient cylinder lubrication, which can be adapted in particular in a simple manner to the respective operating state of the large diesel engine.
- the distance between the outlet of the pump of the pump-nozzle unit and each lubrication point connected to it is each is at most as large as the diameter of the bore of the cylinder.
- each pump-nozzle unit comprises at least one nozzle which connects the outlet of the pump to one of the lubrication points, each nozzle being at most as long as the diameter of the bore of the cylinder.
- exactly one, preferably independently operable, pump-nozzle unit is provided for each lubrication point, so that each lubrication point can be controlled individually and timely. This allows a very high degree of flexibility with regard to the cylinder lubrication to be realized.
- At least one pump-nozzle unit is provided, which is connected to two lubrication points, and which is arranged so that the distance from the outlet of the pump to the lubrication point for both lubrication points is the same size.
- the pump of the pump-nozzle unit is designed in each case as a piston pump, in which a working piston is arranged to move back and forth in a pump chamber and at each stroke a flow of lubricant through conveys the outlet of the pump into the nozzle.
- the pump of the pump-nozzle unit comprises a plurality of working pistons, each of which is arranged in a separate pumping space.
- the working piston of the pump-nozzle unit is operated with a constant delivery volume
- the working piston and the associated pumping chambers of a pump-nozzle unit are designed for different flow rates.
- a working piston with a smaller flow rate per stroke can be actuated, while with increased lubricant requirement, a working piston with a larger flow rate per stroke and / or several working pistons are actuated.
- the pump of the pump-nozzle unit is hydraulically or pneumatically or hydraulically / pneumatically actuated.
- the pump of the pump-nozzle unit is electrically actuated.
- the lubrication system includes a common rail accumulator for the lubricant, which is connected to all lubricant supply lines.
- the lubrication points with respect to by the Longitudinal axis of the cylinder fixed axial direction are arranged at different positions.
- the lubricant can be introduced at different heights in the cylinder.
- the design of the lubrication system according to the invention makes it possible to introduce at least two different lubricants into the cylinder.
- a lubricant can be used, which is particularly favorable with regard to the neutralization of aggressive combustion products, while further away from the combustion chamber, a lubricant is used, which is particularly favorable in terms of sliding properties. It is also possible, depending on the operating condition of the engine, e.g. Part load or full load to use different lubricants for cylinder lubrication.
- cylinder lubrication can be adapted to the respective operating conditions.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an inventive large diesel engine, which is generally designated by the reference numeral 1, and which may be designed as a two-stroke or four-stroke engine.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view through one of the usually several cylinders 2 of the large diesel engine 1 from Fig. 1 , The cylinder 2 has a bore whose diameter is designated B, and a longitudinal axis A. The section in Fig. 2 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the cylinder. 2
- a piston 3 is arranged in a manner known per se to move back and forth, which moves in the operating state of the large diesel engine 1 along a running surface 21 on the inner wall of the cylinder 2.
- the tread 21 is formed by a cylinder insert or a liner.
- the piston 3 defines with its upper end according to the illustration a combustion chamber 4 in which the combustion process takes place, and usually has a plurality of piston rings, which are collectively referred to as the piston ring package 31.
- a lubricant for example a lubricating oil
- the running surface 21 which lubricates the piston 3, the piston ring pack 31 and the running surface in order to achieve good running properties of the piston 3 and the wear of the cylinder wall, to keep the piston 3 and the piston ring package 31 as low as possible.
- the lubricant is used to neutralize aggressive combustion products and to prevent corrosion, such as sulfur corrosion.
- a lubrication system 5 which comprises a plurality of lubrication points 6 via which the lubricant can be applied to the running surface 21.
- a total of eight lubrication points 6 are provided (see Fig. 2 ), which are arranged along the circumference of the cylinder 2.
- the lubrication points 6 each form the outlet opening of a nozzle 71, through which the lubricant is introduced into the cylinder 2.
- nozzle means all devices suitable for introducing the lubricant; these may be, for example, nozzles in the strict sense, through which the lubricant is injected or atomized as a concentrated jet, or channels or nozzles, for example, referred to as quills, through which the lubricant runs out or drips, or any other devices that are known for introducing the lubricant into the cylinder 2 of a large diesel engine 1.
- a lubricant supply 8 is provided to promote the lubricant from a lubricant reservoir 10 to the lubrication points 6.
- the lubricant reservoir 10 is a common rail memory or accumulator configured, which contains the lubricant under sufficient pressure, so that it can flow from the memory or accumulator to the lubrication points 6.
- the lubricant is provided by the common rail reservoir at a pressure of 1 to 20 bar.
- a pump not shown, promotes the lubricant from a reservoir, or that the lubricant is in a high tank as a lubricant reservoir from which the lubricant can flow out due to gravity.
- the lubricant supply 8 comprises at least one pump-nozzle unit 7, which is integrated at the lubrication points 6 in the lubricating oil supply 8, wherein each pump-nozzle unit 7 comprises a pump 72 which is connected to at most two lubrication points 6, so that each Pump-nozzle unit supplies at most two lubrication points 6.
- each pump 72 is operable independently of the pumps of all the other pump-nozzle units 7.
- Fig. 2 shows - for each lubrication point 6 exactly one independently operable pump-nozzle unit 7 is provided and each pump-nozzle unit 7 supplies exactly one lubrication point 6, so that the number of pump-nozzle units 7 is the same size as the number of lubrication points ,
- the integrated in the lubricating oil supply 8 pump-nozzle units 7 are each arranged directly on the lubrication point 6, for example, mounted on the outer wall of the cylinder 2, so that a very short distance between the respective pump 72 and the lubrication point 6 supplied by her results. Since the nozzle 71, the outlet opening of which forms the respective lubrication point 6, together with the respective pump 72 forms a pump-nozzle unit 7, there are no connecting lines between the pump 72 and the nozzle 71 available. This results in the lubrication a much shorter reaction time, which increases the precision of the lubricant entry enormously.
- the distance D ( Fig. 2 ) between the outlet of the pump 72 of the pump-nozzle unit 7 and the lubrication point 6 connected to this pump 72 is at most as large as the diameter B of the bore of the cylinder 2.
- the length of the nozzle 71 of the pump-nozzle Unit 7, which connects the output of the pump 72 with the lubrication point 6, preferably at most as large as the diameter of the bore of the cylinder. 2
- a check valve 73 is provided in each case (in Fig. 2 not shown) to prevent backflow of the lubricant from the lubrication point 6 to the pump 72.
- the pump 72 of the pump-nozzle unit 7 is designed as a piston pump, in which a working piston 74 is arranged in a pump chamber 75 movable back and forth. At each stroke of the working piston 74, a delivery of lubricant through the outlet of the pump 72 is fed into the nozzle 71.
- a switching member 9 For actuating the working piston 74 of the pump 72, a switching member 9 is provided, which in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment is an electrically controlled 3/2-way valve.
- the switching member 9 connects in its first switching position, the back of the working piston 74 with an activation medium, such as hydraulic fluid, pressure oil or compressed air, which is available in a pressure accumulator 11.
- an activation medium such as hydraulic fluid, pressure oil or compressed air
- the switching member 9 further includes an electromagnet 91 to move the switching member 9 against the force of a spring 92 from the second to the first switching position.
- the control of the electromagnet 91 for Bet expediung the switching element 9 is effected by a control unit 12 which is connected via a signal line 200 shown in dashed lines with the switching member 9.
- the control unit 12 has an automatic controller input 13 and a manual regulator input 14, which are each signal-connected to the control unit 12 (dashed arrows 201 and 202 in FIG Fig. 1 ).
- the automatic controller input 13 receives, preferably in real time, automatically input signals which contain information about the current operating state, such as speed or load of the engine, or other system parameters, such as position or position of the crankshaft. On the basis of these input signals, the times and, if appropriate, the quantities and the lubrication points 6 to be activated for the lubricant entry onto the running surface 21 are determined.
- parameters or specifications can be transmitted to the control unit 12 by hand.
- the lubrication system 5 operates as follows: As long as no lubricant is to be applied to the tread 21, the lubrication system 5 is in the in Fig. 1 illustrated state.
- the switching element 9 is in the switching position in which the back of the working piston 74 is connected to the outlet line 103 for the activation medium.
- the pump chamber 75 is connected via a line 100 to the lubricant reservoir 10, wherein in the conduit 100, a check valve 76 is provided, which prevents backflow of the lubricant from the pump chamber 75 into the lubricant reservoir 10.
- the Lubricant reservoir 10 is the Lubricant stored under a slight overpressure of, for example, 0.2 bar to 1 bar above normal pressure sufficient to open the check valve 76, but not the check valve 73 in the nozzle 71.
- the pump chamber 75 fills completely with lubricant and the piston 74 runs in the illustration according to the left reversal point or stop.
- the control unit 12 via the signal line 200 is a control pulse, so that the solenoid brings the switching element in the other switching position.
- the back of the working piston 74 is connected to the pressure accumulator for the activation medium.
- the activation medium flows from the pressure accumulator 11 via connecting lines 102 and 101 against the back of the working piston 74 and moves it to the right until it reaches its right reversal point or stop according to the illustration.
- the lubricant in the pump chamber 75 is pushed out through the nozzle 71 and reaches the running surface 21 in the cylinder 2 via the lubricating point 6.
- control unit 12 is activated by the spring 92, the switching element 9 back into the in Fig. 1 shown switching position, whereby the activation medium flows from the back of the Arbeistkolbens 74 in the outlet line 103, whereby the working piston 74 moves again in its representation according to the left reversal point and the pump chamber 75 is filled via the line 100 again with lubricant.
- the activation medium is compressed air, it can simply be blown off through the outlet line 103. If the activation medium is on Pressure oil or hydraulic fluid, it can be discharged via the outlet line 103 as return and then the pressure accumulator 11, which is configured for example as a common rail memory, are supplied.
- a direct electrical actuation of the pump 72 is possible, in which the working piston 74 directly by means of electromagnetic forces by coils and / or by otherwise electrically activated signal or pulse generator, for. B. piezocrystal activated, is moved back and forth.
- each pump-nozzle unit 7 is operable independently of the other pump-nozzle units 7, a very large flexibility and efficiency of lubrication can be realized. So it is possible, for example, with a reduced lubricant requirement not all eight of in Fig. 2 used lubrication points 6 but only four, for example to actuate the pump-nozzle units 7 so that only four of the total of eight lubrication points 6 lubricant is applied to the tread 21.
- switching member 9 actuates a plurality of pumps 72 different pump-nozzle units 7.
- the switching member 9 actuates a plurality of pumps 72 different pump-nozzle units 7.
- each pump 72 of the pump-nozzle units 7 is operated at a constant delivery volume, i. with each activation or actuation of the working piston 74, the entire volume of the pumping space 75 is in each case conveyed into the nozzle 71.
- Embodiments are also possible in which a stroke-controlled delivery is provided.
- the switching member 9 is timed so that the working piston 74 promotes only a portion of the lubricant in the pump chamber 75 in the nozzle 71.
- the back of the working piston 74 is relieved of pressure before the working piston 74 his in Fig. 1 has reached the illustration right extreme position.
- the delivery process is terminated, the working piston 74 moves as shown to the left and via the line 100 lubricant flows from the lubricant reservoir 10 into the pump chamber 75th
- Fig. 3 shows the pump-nozzle unit 7 of a second embodiment of a large diesel engine according to the invention 1. From the function of equal or equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 respectively.
- Fig. 2 shows the pump-nozzle unit 7 of a second embodiment of a large diesel engine according to the invention 1. From the function of equal or equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 respectively.
- Fig. 2 shows the pump-nozzle unit 7 of a second embodiment of a large diesel engine according to the invention 1. From the function of equal or equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 respectively.
- Fig. 2 shows the pump-nozzle unit 7 of a second embodiment of a large diesel engine according to the invention 1. From the function of equal or equivalent parts. Fig. 2 ,
- the pump-nozzle unit 7 is connected to two lubrication points 6.
- the pump-nozzle unit 7 is arranged so that the distance from the output of the pump 72 to the lubrication point 6 for both lubrication points 6 is equal.
- the nozzle 71 is here designed as a forked nozzle 71, which splits into the two arms 71 a and 71 b, each of which leads to a lubrication point 6.
- the symmetrical design of the nozzle 71 ensures that the supply of both lubrication points takes place completely simultaneously.
- the length of the nozzle 71 measured either over the arm 71 a or over the arm 71 b at most as large as the diameter B of the bore of the cylinder. 2
- Fig. 4 shows a variant of the arrangement of the lubrication points 6, which is possible for both the first and the second embodiment.
- the lubrication point 6' is arranged further down as shown, while the lubrication point 6" according to the illustration above, ie closer to Combustion chamber 4 is arranged.
- a lubricant can be used in the vicinity of the combustion chamber 4 through the lubrication point 6", which is particularly favorable in terms of the neutralization of aggressive combustion products, while further away from the combustion chamber 4 through the lubrication point 6 ', a lubricant is used, that in terms of sliding properties is particularly favorable. It is also possible, depending on the operating condition of the engine, e.g. Part load or full load to use different lubricants for cylinder lubrication.
- the two lubrication points 6 'and 6 " which are arranged at different axial height, can also be supplied by the same pump-nozzle unit 7, namely in the same way as in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a variant for the pump-nozzle unit 7, which is possible for both the first and the second embodiment.
- the pump-nozzle unit 7 comprises a plurality, here namely three working pistons 741, 742 and 743, each of which is arranged in a separate pumping space 751, 752 and 753, respectively.
- a Switching member 9 ', 9 ", or 9"' provided to actuate the respective working piston 741, 742, and 743 in a manner analogous to the way already described above.
- This variant in addition to the already mentioned stroke-controlled promotion is a means to adjust the amount of lubricant delivered by the pump-nozzle unit 7 to a predefinable value, namely by only one or two or all three of the working piston 741, 742, per lubrication 743 is actuated.
- the pumping spaces 751, 752, 753 may have the same or different volume.
- the pumping space 751 has the smallest volume
- the pumping space 752 has the second largest volume
- the pumping space 753 has the largest volume. Accordingly, at a constant delivery at which the pumping space 751, 752, 753 is completely emptied completely by the working piston 741, 742, 743, the delivery rate per working cycle will be smallest, if only the working piston 741 is actuated. If only one working piston 741, 742, 743 is actuated in each case, the delivery rate is greatest when the working piston 743 is actuated.
- Fig. 5 illustrated variant is also operable with a stroke-controlled promotion.
- the lubrication points in the piston 3 of the large diesel engine 1, so that the lubricant from the piston 3 out on the Tread 21 is applied.
- the pump-nozzle units 7 are also arranged in the piston 3 or in the piston rod.
- lubrication points 6 are provided both in the piston 3 and in the cylinder 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Grossdieselmotor gemäss dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs.The invention relates to a large diesel engine according to the preamble of the independent claim.
Grossdieselmotoren, die als Zweitakt- oder als Viertakt-Maschinen ausgestaltet sein können, werden häufig als Antriebsaggregate für Schiffe oder auch im stationären Betrieb, z.B. zum Antrieb grosser Generatoren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie eingesetzt. Dabei laufen die Motoren in der Regel über beträchtliche Zeiträume im Dauerbetrieb, was hohe Anforderungen an die Betriebssicherheit und die Verfügbarkeit stellt. Daher sind für den Betreiber insbesondere lange Wartungsintervalle, geringer Verschleiss und ein wirtschaftlicher Umgang mit den Betriebsstoffen zentrale Kriterien.Large diesel engines, which may be designed as two-stroke or four-stroke engines, are often used as power units for ships or even in stationary operation, e.g. used to drive large generators for generating electrical energy. The engines usually run for long periods in continuous operation, which places high demands on the reliability and availability. Therefore, for the operator in particular long maintenance intervals, low wear and an economical handling of the operating materials are central criteria.
Eine wesentliche Bedeutung kommt dabei der Zylinder- bzw. der Kolbenschmierung zu. Im Betriebszustand gleitet der Kolben an der als Lauffläche dienenden innerern Wandung des Zylinders, die meist in Form einer Zylinderlaufbuchse (Liner) ausgestaltet ist, entlang. Einerseits muss der Kolben möglichst leicht, das heisst unbehindert, in dem Zylinder gleiten, andererseits muss der Kolben den Brennraum im Zylinder möglichst gut abdichten, um eine effiziente Umwandlung der beim Verbrennungsprozess freiwerdenden Energie in mechanische Arbeit zu gewährleisten.Of major importance is the cylinder or the piston lubrication. In the operating state, the piston slides on the inner wall of the cylinder serving as a running surface, which is usually designed in the form of a cylinder liner. On the one hand, the piston must slide as easily as possible, that is, unhindered, in the cylinder, on the other hand, the piston must the combustion chamber in the cylinder as well as possible seal to ensure efficient conversion of energy released during the combustion process into mechanical work.
Deshalb wird während des Betriebs des Dieselmotors üblicherweise ein Schmieröl in den Zylinder eingebracht, um gute Laufeigenschaften des Kolbens zu erzielen und den Verschleiss der Zylinderwandung, des Kolbens und der Kolbenringe möglichst gering zu halten. Ferner dient das Schmieröl der Neutralisierung agressiver Verbrennungsprodukte sowie der Vermeidung von Korrosion. Aufgrund dieser zahlreichen Anforderungen werden als Schmieröle häufig sehr hochwertige und teure Substanzen verwendet.Therefore, during operation of the diesel engine, a lubricating oil is usually introduced into the cylinder in order to achieve good running properties of the piston and to minimize the wear of the cylinder wall, the piston and the piston rings. Furthermore, the lubricating oil is used to neutralize aggressive combustion products and to prevent corrosion. Due to these numerous requirements, lubricating oils are often used very high quality and expensive substances.
Heute in Grossdieselmotoren eingesetzte Schmiersysteme fördern das Schmiermittel, üblicherweise ein Schmieröl, durch die Wandung des Zylinders auf die Lauffläche oder direkt in das Kolbenringpaket des Kolbens, sodass die Kolbenringe während ihrer Bewegung das Schmiermittel auf der Lauffläche verteilen. Das Einbringen des Schmiermittels erfolgt durch Schmierstellen, welche typischerweise die Austrittsöffnungen von Düsen, Schmierstutzen oder sogenannter Quills bilden.Today, lubrication systems used in large diesel engines deliver the lubricant, usually a lubricating oil, through the wall of the cylinder to the tread or directly into the piston ring package of the piston so that the piston rings distribute the lubricant on the tread during their movement. The introduction of the lubricant takes place through lubrication points, which typically form the outlet openings of nozzles, lubricating nozzles or so-called quills.
Für die Versorgung der einzelnen Schmierstellen wird üblicherweise eine Schmierölpumpe pro Zylinder eingesetzt, die sämtliche Schmierstellen dieses Zylinders mit Schmiermittel versorgt. Konstruktionsbedingt kann diese Schmierölpumpe einige Meter vom jeweiligen Zylinder bzw. von den jeweiligen Schmierstellen entfernt sein.For the supply of the individual lubrication points usually a lubricating oil pump per cylinder is used, which supplies all lubrication points of this cylinder with lubricant. Due to the design, this lubricating oil pump may be a few meters away from the respective cylinder or from the respective lubrication points.
Problematisch ist bei bekannten Systemen, dass die gewünschte Einspritzpräzision -wenn überhaupt- nur sehr schwierig zu gewährleisten ist.The problem with known systems is that the desired injection precision, if at all, can only be ensured with great difficulty.
Soll beispielsweise das Schmiermittel in das Kolbenringpaket eingebracht werden, so stehen je nach Position der Schmierstellen bei voller Drehzahl des Motors nur wenige Millisekunden zur Verfügung, während derer das Kolbenringpaket die Schmierstellen passiert. Aufgrund der Systemträgheit, die beispielsweise auch durch die Kompressibilität des Schmiermittels oder durch die hydraulische Trägheit bedingt ist, muss die Schmierölpumpe zur Kompensation eine Vorlaufzeit haben, die aufwändig bestimmt und eingestellt werden muss.If, for example, the lubricant is to be introduced into the piston ring package, so depending on the position of the lubrication points at full speed of the engine only a few milliseconds available during which the piston ring package passes the lubrication points. Due to system inertia, the For example, due to the compressibility of the lubricant or due to the hydraulic inertia, the lubricating oil pump to compensate must have a lead time, which must be laboriously determined and adjusted.
Je nach Verschleiss im System oder in Abhängigkeit von den Betriebsbedingungen kann sich diese benötigte Vorlaufzeit ändern und muss daher überwacht, mit dem effektiven Zeitpunkt der Einbringung abgeglichen und gegebenenfalls korrigiert werden.Depending on the wear in the system or depending on the operating conditions, this required lead time may change and must therefore be monitored, compared with the effective time of introduction and corrected if necessary.
Trotz solcher Massnahmen können immer noch nachteilig starke Ungenauigkeiten bezüglich des effektiven Zeitpunkts der Einbringung des Schmiermittels auftreten, beispielsweise durch die erheblichen Unterschiede in den jeweiligen Entfernungen zwischen der Schmierstelle und der sie versorgenden Schmiermittelpumpe, denn aus diesen Unterschieden resultieren unter anderem unterschiedliche hydraulische Trägheiten und Unterschiede in der Kompressibilität des jeweils zu bewegenden Schmiermittels.Despite such measures, severe inaccuracies in the effective time of introduction of the lubricant may still be adversely affected by, for example, the significant differences in the respective distances between the lubrication point and the lubricant pump supplying it, as these differences result, inter alia, in different hydraulic inertias and differences in the compressibility of each moving lubricant.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es daher eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Grossdieselmotor vorzuschlagen mit einem Schmiersystem, das eine möglichst effiziente und flexible Zylinder- bzw. Kolbenschmierung ermöglicht, bei welcher der Zeitpunkt der Einbringung des Schmiermittels in einfacher Weise sehr genau eingestellt werden kannBased on this prior art, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a large diesel engine with a lubrication system that allows the most efficient and flexible cylinder or piston lubrication, in which the timing of the introduction of the lubricant can be adjusted very accurately in a simple manner
Der diese Aufgabe lösende Gegenstand der Erfindung ist durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs gekennzeichnet.The problem-solving object of the invention is characterized by the features of the independent claim.
Erfindungsgemäss wird also Grossdieselmotor vorgeschlagen mit mindestens einem Zylinder, der eine Bohrung und eine Längsachse aufweist, und in welchem ein Kolben entlang einer Lauffläche hin und her bewegbar angeordnet ist, wobei ein Schmiersystem für die Zylinderschmierung vorgesehen ist, welches mindestens zwei Schmierstellen umfasst, über die ein Schmiermittel auf die Lauffläche aufbringbar ist, sowie eine Schmiermittelzuführung zur Förderung des Schmiermittels von einem Schmiermittelvorrat zu den Schmierstellen. Die Schmiermittelzuführung weist mindestens eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit auf, die an den Schmierstellen angeordnet ist, wobei jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit eine Pumpe umfasst, die mit höchsten zwei Schmierstellen verbunden ist, sodass jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit höchstens zwei Schmierstellen mit Schmiermittel versorgt.According to the invention, therefore, a large diesel engine is proposed with at least one cylinder which has a bore and a longitudinal axis, and in which a piston can be moved back and forth along a running surface is arranged, wherein a lubrication system for the cylinder lubrication is provided, which comprises at least two lubrication points, via which a lubricant can be applied to the tread, and a lubricant supply for conveying the lubricant from a lubricant reservoir to the lubrication points. The lubricant supply has at least one pump-nozzle unit, which is arranged at the lubrication points, each pump-nozzle unit comprising a pump which is connected to the highest two lubrication points, so that each unit injector with lubricant at most two lubrication points provided.
Da direkt an den Schmierstellen die Pumpe-Düse-Einheit vorgesehen ist, insbesondere derart, dass die Schmierstelle die Austrittsöffnung der Düse bildet, resultiert eine sehr kurze Entfernung zwischen der Pumpe und der durch sie versorgten Schmierstelle. Somit werden die durch lange Leitungen verursachten Probleme, die insbesondere auf der hydraulischen Trägheit und der Kompressibilität des Schmiermittels beruhen, zumindest ganz erheblich reduziert, sodass eine hohe Genauigkeit bezüglich des zeitlichen Einbringens des Schmiermittels ermöglicht wird.Since the pump-nozzle unit is provided directly at the lubrication points, in particular such that the lubrication point forms the outlet opening of the nozzle, results in a very short distance between the pump and the lubrication point supplied by them. Thus, the problems caused by long lines, which are based in particular on the hydraulic inertia and the compressibility of the lubricant, at least greatly reduced, so that a high accuracy with respect to the timing of the introduction of the lubricant is made possible.
Vorzugsweise ist die Pumpe jeder Pumpe-Düse-Einheit unabhängig von den Pumpen der anderen Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten betätigbar. Dadurch, dass für eine oder höchstens zwei Schmierstellen jeweils eine unabhängig betätigbare Pumpe vorgesehen ist, resultiert zudem eine sehr flexible und effiziente Zylinderschmierung, die insbesondere auch in einfacher Weise an den jeweiligen Betriebszustand des Grossdieselmotors angepasst werden kann.Preferably, the pump of each unit injector is operable independently of the pumps of the other unit injectors. Characterized in that for each one or at most two lubrication points, an independently operable pump is provided, also results in a very flexible and efficient cylinder lubrication, which can be adapted in particular in a simple manner to the respective operating state of the large diesel engine.
Im Hinblick auf eine zeitlich möglichst hohe Eintragungsgenauigkeit für das Schmiermittel ist es bevorzugt, wenn der Abstand zwischen dem Ausgang der Pumpe der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit und jeder mit ihr verbundenen Schmierstelle jeweils höchstens so gross ist wie der Durchmesser der Bohrung des Zylinders.With regard to the highest possible registration accuracy for the lubricant, it is preferred if the distance between the outlet of the pump of the pump-nozzle unit and each lubrication point connected to it is each is at most as large as the diameter of the bore of the cylinder.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung umfasst dazu jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit mindestens eine Düse, welche den Ausgang der Pumpe mit einer der Schmierstellen verbindet, wobei jede Düse höchstens so lang ist wie der Durchmesser der Bohrung des Zylinders.In a preferred embodiment, each pump-nozzle unit comprises at least one nozzle which connects the outlet of the pump to one of the lubrication points, each nozzle being at most as long as the diameter of the bore of the cylinder.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist für jede Schmierstelle genau eine, vorzugsweise unabhängig betätigbare, Pumpe-Düse-Einheit vorgesehen, sodass jede Schmierstelle einzeln und zeitgenau angesteuert werden kann. Dies ermöglicht eine sehr hohe Flexibilität hinsichtlich der zu realisierenden Zylinderschmierung.In a preferred embodiment, exactly one, preferably independently operable, pump-nozzle unit is provided for each lubrication point, so that each lubrication point can be controlled individually and timely. This allows a very high degree of flexibility with regard to the cylinder lubrication to be realized.
Bei einem anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist mindestens eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit vorgesehen, die mit zwei Schmierstellen verbunden ist, und die so angeordnet ist, dass der Abstand vom Ausgang der Pumpe zur Schmierstelle für beide Schmierstellen gleich gross ist. Die Ausgestaltung mit zwei Schmierstellen pro Pumpe-Düse-Einheit reduziert den apparativen Aufwand. Dadurch, dass die Schmierstellen den gleichen Abstand von der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit aufweisen, also insbesondere symmetrisch bezüglich der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit angeordnet sind, lassen sich alle Probleme vermeiden, die aus unterschiedlichen Leitungslängen zwischen den Schmierstellen und der sie versorgenden Pumpe eliminieren.In another preferred embodiment, at least one pump-nozzle unit is provided, which is connected to two lubrication points, and which is arranged so that the distance from the outlet of the pump to the lubrication point for both lubrication points is the same size. The design with two lubrication points per unit injector reduces the expenditure on equipment. The fact that the lubrication points have the same distance from the pump-nozzle unit, so in particular are arranged symmetrically with respect to the pump-nozzle unit, all problems can be avoided, which eliminate different lengths of cable between the lubrication points and the pump supplying them.
Da es konstruktiv sehr einfach ist, besteht eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform darin, dass die Pumpe der Pumpe-Düsen-Einheit jeweils als Kolbenpumpe ausgestaltet ist, bei welcher ein Arbeitskolben in einem Pumpraum hin und her bewegbar angeordnet ist und bei jedem Hub eine Fördermenge an Schmiemittel durch den Ausgang der Pumpe in die Düse fördert.Since it is structurally very simple, there is a preferred embodiment in that the pump of the pump-nozzle unit is designed in each case as a piston pump, in which a working piston is arranged to move back and forth in a pump chamber and at each stroke a flow of lubricant through conveys the outlet of the pump into the nozzle.
Eine Variante besteht darin, dass die Pumpe der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit mehrere Arbeitskolben umfasst, von denen jeder in einem separaten Pumpraum angeordnet ist. Mit dieser Massnahme lässt sich beispielsweise in einfacher Weise die Fördermenge an Schmiermittel, die pro Arbeitstakt zu der Schmierstelle oder zu den Schmierstellen gefördert wird, einstellen. So kann bei geringerem Schmiermittelbedarf, z.B. im Teillastbetrieb, nur ein Arbeitskolben betätigt werden und bei höherem Schmiermittelbedarf werden zwei oder mehr Arbeitskolben betätigt.A variant is that the pump of the pump-nozzle unit comprises a plurality of working pistons, each of which is arranged in a separate pumping space. With this measure, for example, the flow rate of lubricant, which is promoted per stroke to the lubrication point or to the lubrication points, can be adjusted in a simple manner. Thus, with less lubricant requirement, e.g. in part-load operation, only one working piston are actuated and with higher lubricant requirement, two or more working pistons are actuated.
Insbesondere bei Ausgestaltungen, bei denen die Arbeitskolben der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit mit konstantem Fördervolumen betrieben wird, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Arbeitskolben und die zugehörigen Pumpräume einer Pumpe-Düse-Einheit für unterschiedliche Fördermengen ausgestaltet sind. So kann dann bei reduziertem Schmiermittelbedarf ein Arbeitskolben mit kleinerer Fördermenge pro Hub betätigt werden, während bei erhöhtem Schmiermittelbedarf ein Arbeitskolben mit grösserer Fördermenge pro Hub und oder mehrere Arbeitskolben betätigt werden.In particular, in embodiments in which the working piston of the pump-nozzle unit is operated with a constant delivery volume, it is advantageous if the working piston and the associated pumping chambers of a pump-nozzle unit are designed for different flow rates. Thus, with reduced lubricant requirement, a working piston with a smaller flow rate per stroke can be actuated, while with increased lubricant requirement, a working piston with a larger flow rate per stroke and / or several working pistons are actuated.
Vorzugsweise ist die Pumpe der Pumpen-Düsen-Einheit hydraulisch oder pneumatisch oder hydraulisch/pneumatisch betätigbar.Preferably, the pump of the pump-nozzle unit is hydraulically or pneumatically or hydraulically / pneumatically actuated.
Natürlich kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Pumpe der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit elektrisch betätigbar ist.Of course, it may also be advantageous if the pump of the pump-nozzle unit is electrically actuated.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst das Schmiersystem einen Common-Rail-Speicher für das Schmiermittel, der mit allen Schmiermittelzuführungen verbunden ist.In a preferred embodiment, the lubrication system includes a common rail accumulator for the lubricant, which is connected to all lubricant supply lines.
Im Hinblick auf eine besonders effiziente und flexible Schmierung im Zylinder kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Schmierstellen bezüglich der durch die Längsachse des Zylinders festgelegten axialen Richtung an unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnet sind. Somit kann nämlich das Schmiermittel auf unterschiedlichen Höhen in den Zylinder eingebracht werden.With regard to a particularly efficient and flexible lubrication in the cylinder, it may be advantageous if the lubrication points with respect to by the Longitudinal axis of the cylinder fixed axial direction are arranged at different positions. Thus, namely, the lubricant can be introduced at different heights in the cylinder.
Auch kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn mindestens zwei Schmiermittelvorräte für unterschiedliche Schmiermittel vorgesehen sind, sodass den Schmierstellen unterschiedliche Schmiermittel zuführbar sind. Da in der Regel beim Grossdieselmotor mehr als zwei Schmierstellen vorgesehen sind, ermöglicht es die erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung des Schmiersystems mindestens zwei verschiedene Schmiermittel in den Zylinder einzubringen. So kann beispielsweise in der Nähe des Brennraums ein Schmiermittel eingesetzt werden, das besonders günstig im Hinblick auf die Neutralisierung aggressiver Verbrennungsprodukte ist, während weiter entfernt vom Brennraum ein Schmiermittel eingesetzt wird, dass bezüglichlich der Gleiteigenschaften besonders günstig ist. Auch ist es möglich, je nach Betriebszustand des Motors, z.B. Teillast oder Volllast, unterschiedliche Schmiermittel für die Zylinderschmierung einzusetzen.It may also be advantageous if at least two lubricant reservoirs are provided for different lubricants, so that different lubricants can be fed to the lubrication points. Since more than two lubrication points are generally provided in the case of the large diesel engine, the design of the lubrication system according to the invention makes it possible to introduce at least two different lubricants into the cylinder. For example, in the vicinity of the combustion chamber, a lubricant can be used, which is particularly favorable with regard to the neutralization of aggressive combustion products, while further away from the combustion chamber, a lubricant is used, which is particularly favorable in terms of sliding properties. It is also possible, depending on the operating condition of the engine, e.g. Part load or full load to use different lubricants for cylinder lubrication.
Ferner ist es eine bevorzugte Massnahme,wenn Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die von der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit geförderte Menge an Schmiermittel auf einen vorgebbaren Wert einzustellen. Somit kann die Zylinderschmierung an die jeweiligen Betriebsbedingungen angepasst werden.Furthermore, it is a preferred measure if means are provided to set the amount of lubricant delivered by the pump-nozzle unit to a predefinable value. Thus, the cylinder lubrication can be adapted to the respective operating conditions.
Weitere vorteilhafte Massnahmen und bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further advantageous measures and preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der schematischen, nicht massstäblichen Zeichnung zeigen teilweise im Schnitt:
- Fig. 1:
- eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Grossdieselmotors,
- Fig. 2:
- eine schematische Schnittdarstellung durch einen Zylinder des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels,
- Fig. 3:
- eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Grossdieselmotors,
- Fig. 4:
- ein Variante für die Anordnung der Schmierstellen, und
- Fig. 5:
- eine schematische Darstellung für eine Variante der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit.
- Fig. 1:
- a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an inventive large diesel engine,
- Fig. 2:
- a schematic sectional view through a cylinder of the first embodiment,
- 3:
- a pump-nozzle unit of a second embodiment of a large diesel engine according to the invention,
- 4:
- a variant for the arrangement of the lubrication points, and
- Fig. 5:
- a schematic representation of a variant of the pump-nozzle unit.
In dem Zylinder 2 ist in an sich bekannter Weise ein Kolben 3 hin und her bewegbar angeordnet , der sich im Betriebszustand des Grossdieselmotors 1 entlang einer Lauffläche 21 an der inneren Wandung des Zylinders 2 bewegt. Üblicherweise wird die Lauffläche 21 durch einen Zylindereinsatz oder einen Liner gebildet. Der Kolben 3 begrenzt mit seinem darstellungsgemäss oberen Ende einen Brennraum 4, in welchem der Verbrennungsprozess stattfindet, und weist üblicherweise mehrere Kolbenringe auf, die gesamthaft als Kolbenringpaket 31 bezeichnet sind.In the
Während des Betriebs des Grossdieselmotors 1 ist es notwendig, ein Schmiermittel, beispielsweise ein Schmieröl, auf die Lauffläche 21 aufzubringen, welches den Kolben 3, das Kolbenringpaket 31 und die Lauffläche schmiert, um gute Laufeigenschaften des Kolbens 3 zu erzielen und den Verschleiss der Zylinderwandung, des Kolbens 3 und des Kolbenringpakets 31 möglichst gering zu halten. Ferner dient das Schmiermittel der Neutralisierung aggressiver Verbrennungsprodukte sowie der Vermeidung von Korrosion, beispielsweise Schwefelkorrosion.During operation of the
Für die Zylinder- bzw Kolbenschmierung ist ein Schmiersystem 5 vorgesehen, welches mehrere Schmierstellen 6 umfasst über die das Schmiermittel auf die Lauffläche 21 aufbringbar ist. Bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel sind insgesamt acht Schmierstellen 6 vorgesehen (siehe
Ferner ist eine Schmiermittelzuführung 8 vorgesehen, um das Schmiermittel von einem Schmiermittelvorrat 10 zu den Schmierstellen 6 zu fördern. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Schmiermittelvorrat 10 als Common-Rail-Speicher oder Akkumulator ausgestaltet, der das Schmiermittel unter ausreichendem Druck enthält, sodass es aus dem Speicher oder Akkumulator bis zu den Schmierstellen 6 strömen kann. Typischerweise wird das Schmiermittel vom Common-Rail-Speicher mit einem Druck von 1 bis 20 bar bereitgestellt. Alternativ ist es natürlich auch möglich, dass eine nicht dargestellte Pumpe das Schmiermittel aus einem Vorratsbehälter fördert, oder dass das Schmiermittel in einem Hochtank als Schmiermittelvorrat ist, aus dem das Schmiermittel aufgrund der Gravitation herausströmen kann.Further, a
Erfindungsgemäss umfasst die Schmiermittelzuführung 8 mindestens eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7, die an den Schmierstellen 6 in die Schmierölzuführung 8 integriert ist, wobei jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 eine Pumpe 72 umfasst, die mit höchstens zwei Schmierstellen 6 verbunden ist, sodass jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit höchstens zwei Schmierstellen 6 versorgt. Bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist jede Pumpe 72 unabhängig von den Pumpen aller jeweils anderen Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 7 betätigbar.According to the invention, the
Bei dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist - wie dies
Die in die Schmierölzuführung 8 integrierten Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 7 sind jeweils unmittelbar an der Schmierstelle 6 angeordnet, beispielsweise an der Aussenwand des Zylinders 2 montiert, sodass ein sehr kurzer Abstand zwischen der jeweiligen Pumpe 72 und der von ihr versorgten Schmierstelle 6 resultieret. Da die Düse 71, deren Austrittsöffnung die jeweilige Schmierstelle 6 bildet, zusammen mit der jeweiligen Pumpe 72 eine Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 bildet, sind keine Verbindungsleitungen zwischen der Pumpe 72 und der Düse 71 vorhanden. Hieraus resultiert bei der Schmierung eine wesentlich kürzere Reaktionszeit, wodurch sich die Präzision des Schmiermitteleintrags enorm erhöht.The integrated in the lubricating
Vorzugsweise ist der Abstand D (
In der Düse 71 ist jeweils ein Rückschlagventil 73 vorgesehen (in
Die Pumpe 72 der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 ist als Kolbenpumpe ausgestaltet, bei welcher ein Arbeitskolben 74 in einem Pumpraum 75 hin und her bewegbar angeordnet ist. Bei jedem Hub des Arbeitskolbens 74 wird eine Fördermenge an Schmiermittel durch den Ausgang der Pumpe 72 in die Düse 71 gefördert.The
Zur Betätigung des Arbeitskolbens 74 der Pumpe 72 ist ein Schaltorgan 9 vorgesehen, das bei dem in
Die Ansteuerung des Elektromagneten 91 zur Betätigiung des Schaltorgans 9 erfolgt durch eine Regeleinheit 12, die über eine strichliert dargestellte Signalleitung 200 mit dem Schaltorgan 9 verbunden ist.The control of the
Die Regeleinheit 12 weist einen automatischen Reglereingang 13 sowie einen manuellen Reglereingang 14 auf, die jeweils mit der Regeleinheit 12 signalverbunden sind (strichelierte Pfeile 201 und 202 in
Im Betriebszustand arbeitet das Schmiersystem 5 wie folgt: Solange kein Schmiermittel auf die Lauffläche 21 aufgebracht werden soll befindet sich das Schmiersystem 5 in dem in
Zum Auslösen eines Schmiervorgangs gibt die Regeleinheit 12 über die Signalleitung 200 einen Steuerimpuls, sodass der Elektromagnet das Schaltorgan in die andere Schaltstellung bringt. Nun ist die Rückseite des Arbeitskolbens 74 mit dem Druckspeicher für das Aktivierungsmedium verbunden. Das Aktivierungsmedium strömt aus dem Druckspeicher 11 über Verbindungsleitungen 102 und 101 gegen die Rückseite des Arbeitskolbens 74 und bewegt diesen nach rechts bis er seinen darstellungsgemäss rechten Umkehrpunkt oder Anschlag erreicht. Durch diese Bewegung des Arbeitskolbens 74 wird das in dem Pumpraum 75 befindliche Schmiermittel durch die Düse 71 ausgeschoben und gelangt über die Schmierstelle 6 auf die Lauffläche 21 im Zylinder 2.To trigger a lubrication process, the
Anschliessend schaltet die Regeleinheit 12 unterstützt durch die Feder 92 das Schaltorgan 9 wieder in die in
Falls das Aktivierungsmedium Druckluft ist, kann diese einfach durch die Auslassleitung 103 abgeblasen werden. Falls das Aktivierungsmedium ein Drucköl oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit ist, kann es über die Auslassleitung 103 als Rücklauf abgeführt und dann wieder dem Druckspeicher 11, der beispielsweise als Common-Rail-Speicher ausgestaltet ist, zugeführt werden.If the activation medium is compressed air, it can simply be blown off through the
Neben der bereits erwähnten hydraulischen oder der pneumatischen Betätigung der Pumpe 72 kann auch eine kombinierte pneumatisch/hydraulische Betätigung realisiert werden.In addition to the aforementioned hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of the
Auch eine direkte elektrische Betätigung der Pumpe 72 ist möglich, bei welcher der Arbeitskolben 74 direkt mittels elekromagnetischer Kräfte durch Spulen und/oder durch anderweitig elektrisch aktivierte Signal- oder Impulsgeber, z. B. piezokristallaktivierte, hin und her bewegt wird.A direct electrical actuation of the
Dadurch, dass das Schmiermittel aus der Pumpe 72 unmittelbar in die Düse 71 und damit zur Schmierstelle 6 gelangt, sind die Reaktionszeiten im Vergleich zu bekannten Schmiersystemen im Grossdieselmotor extrem kurz. Sowohl die hydraulische Trägheit als auch die Kompressibilität des Schmiermittels zwischen Pumpe 72 und Schmierstelle 6 führen praktisch zu keinen Verzögerungseffekten mehr, sodass eine sehr hohe Präzision des Zeitpunkts der Schmierung resultiert. Dadurch werden auch Schmiervorgänge bzw. Positionierungen der Schmierstellen 6 an solchen Stellen möglich bzw. besser realisierbar, an denen der Kolben 3 eine hohe Geschwindigkeit aufweist, sodass nur wenige Millisekunden pro Arbeitstakt für die Schmierung zur Verfügung stehen.The fact that the lubricant from the
Da jede Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 unabhängig von den jeweils anderen Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 7 betätigbar ist, kann eine sehr grosse Flexibilität und Effizienz der Schmierung realisiert werden. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, bei einem reduzierten Schmiermittelbedarf nicht alle acht der in
Es sind auch solche Ausgestaltungen möglich, bei denen das Schaltorgan 9 mehrere Pumpen 72 unterschiedlicher Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 7 betätigt. Beispielsweise kann pro Zylinder 2 genau ein Schaltorgan 9 vorgesehen sein, dass sämtliche Pumpen 72 dieses Zylinders 2 betätigt. Durch diese Massnahme vermindert sich der apparative und der Kostenaufwand.There are also such embodiments possible in which the switching
Das Einbringen des Schmiermittels kann so erfolgen, dass jede Pumpe 72 der Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 7 mit jeweils konstantem Fördervolumen betrieben wird, d.h. bei jeder Aktivierung oder Betätigung des Arbeitskolbens 74 wird jeweils das gesamte Volumen des Pumpraums 75 in die Düse 71 gefördert.The introduction of the lubricant can be carried out so that each pump 72 of the pump-
Es sind auch Ausgestaltungen möglich, bei denen eine hubgesteuerte Förderung vorgesehen ist. Dabei wird das Schaltorgan 9 zeitlich so angesteuert, dass der Arbeitskolben 74 nur einen Teil des im Pumpraum 75 befindlichen Schmiermittels in die Düse 71 fördert. Die Rückseite des Arbeitskolbens 74 wird dazu druckentlastet, bevor der Arbeitskolben 74 seine in
Bei der hubgesteuerten Förderung kann es vorteilhaft sein, einen Sensor vorzusehen, mit welchem die jeweilige Position des Arbeitskolbens 74 erfassbar ist. Diese Position wird dann der Regeleinheit 12 zugeführt.In the stroke-controlled promotion, it may be advantageous to provide a sensor with which the respective position of the working
Alle Erläuterungen, die im Zusammenhang mit
Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 mit zwei Schmierstellen 6 verbunden. Vorzugsweise ist die Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 dabei so angeordnet, dass der Abstand vom Ausgang der Pumpe 72 zur Schmierstelle 6 für beide Schmierstellen 6 gleich gross ist.In this embodiment, the pump-
Die Düse 71 ist hier als vergabelte Düse 71 ausgestaltet, die sich in die beiden Arme 71 a und 71 b aufspaltet, von denen jeder jeweils zu einer Schmierstelle 6 führt. Durch die symmetrische Ausgestaltung der Düse 71 ist gewährleistet, dass die Versorgung beider Schmierstellen vollkommen simultan erfolgt. Vorzugsweise ist die Länge der Düse 71 entweder über den Arm 71 a oder über den Arm 71 b gemessen höchstens so gross wie der Durchmesser B der Bohrung des Zylinders 2.The
Natürlich ist es auch möglich, anstelle der vergabelten Düse 71 zwei Düsen vorzusehen, die beide in den Pumpraum 75 der Pumpe 72 bzw. den Ausgang der Pumpe 72 münden und die von dort zu je einer der beiden Schmierstellen 6 führen.Of course, it is also possible to provide two nozzles instead of the forked
Bei dieser Variante sind die Schmierstellen 6' und 6" bezüglich der durch die Längsachse A des Zylinders 2 festgelegten axialen Richtung an unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnet. Die Schmierstelle 6' ist darstellungsgemäss weiter unten angeordnet, während die Schmierstelle 6" darstellungsgemäss weiter oben, also näher am Brennraum 4 angeordnet ist.In this variant, the lubrication points 6 'and 6 "are arranged at different positions with respect to the axial direction defined by the longitudinal axis A of the
Insbesondere bei dieser Variante ist es auch möglich, mindestens zwei Schmiermittelvorräte 10 für unterschiedliche Schmiermittel vorzusehen, sodass den Schmierstellen 6' und 6" unterschiedliche Schmiermittel zuführbar sind. So kann beispielsweise in der Nähe des Brennraums 4 durch die Schmierstelle 6" ein Schmiermittel eingesetzt werden, das besonders günstig im Hinblick auf die Neutralisierung aggressiver Verbrennungsprodukte ist, während weiter entfernt vom Brennraum 4 durch die Schmierstelle 6' ein Schmiermittel eingesetzt wird, dass bezüglichlich der Gleiteigenschaften besonders günstig ist. Auch ist es möglich, je nach Betriebszustand des Motors, z.B. Teillast oder Volllast, unterschiedliche Schmiermittel für die Zylinderschmierung einzusetzen.In particular, in this variant, it is also possible to provide at least two
Abweichend von der Darstellung in
Bei dieser Variante umfasst die Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 mehrere, hier nämlich drei Arbeitskolben 741, 742 und 743, von denen jeder in einem separaten Pumpraum 751, 752 bzw.753 angeordnet ist. Für jeden Arbeitskolben ist ein Schaltorgan 9', 9", bzw. 9"' vorgesehen, um den jeweiligen Arbeitskolben 741, 742, bzw.743 in sinngemäss gleicher Weise zu betätigen, wie das weiter vorne bereits beschrieben wurde. Diese Variante stellt neben der schon erwähnten hubgesteuerten Förderung ein Mittel dar, um die von der Pumpe-Düse-Einheit 7 geförderte Menge an Schmiermittel auf einen vorgebbaren Wert einzustellen, nämlich indem pro Schmiervorgang nur einer oder zwei oder alle drei der Arbeitskolben 741, 742, 743 betätigt wird.In this variant, the pump-
Die Pumpräume 751, 752, 753 können gleiches oder unterschiedliches Volumen haben. Bei der in
Natürlich ist es auch möglich, zwei oder alle drei der Arbeitskolben 741, 742 und 743 gemeinsam zu betätigen. Auch auf diese Weise ist die jeweils geförderte Menge an Schmiermittel in einfacher Weise und optimal an den jeweiligen Betriebszustand des Grossdieselmotors 1 anpassbar.Of course, it is also possible to operate two or all three of the working
Es versteht sich, dass die in
Abweichend von den hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist es auch möglich, die Schmierstellen im Kolben 3 des Grossdieselmotors 1 vorzusehen, sodass das Schmiermittel aus dem Kolben 3 heraus auf die Lauffläche 21 aufgebracht wird. Vorzugsweise sind dann die Pumpe-Düse-Einheiten 7 auch im Kolben 3 oder in der Kolbenstange angeordnet. Natürlich sind auch Ausgestaltungen möglich, bei denen sowohl im Kolben 3 als auch im Zylinder 2 Schmierstellen 6 vorgesehen sind.Notwithstanding the embodiments described here, it is also possible to provide the lubrication points in the
Claims (15)
- A large diesel engine having at least one cylinder (2) which has a bore (B) and a longitudinal axis (A) and in which a piston (3) is arranged movable to and fro along a running surface (21), wherein a lubrication system (5) Is provided for the cylinder lubrication which includes at least two lubrication points (6) via which a lubricant can be applied to the running surface (21) as well as a lubricant feed (8) for the conveying of the lubricant from a lubricant store (10) to the lubrication points (6), characterized In that the lubricant feed (8) has at least one pump-nozzle unit (7) which is arranged at the lubrication points (6), with each pump-nozzle unit (7) including a pump (72) which is connected to at most two lubrication points (6) so that each pump-nozzle unit (7) supplies at most two lubrication points (6) with lubricant.
- A large diesel engine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the pump (72) of each pump-nozzle unit (7) can be actuated independently of the pumps (72) of the other pump-nozzle units (7).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the spacing (D) between the output of the pump (72) of the pump-nozzle unit (7) and each lubrication point (6) connected to it is In each case at most as large as the diameter (B) of the bore of the cylinder (2).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein each pump-nozzle unit (7) includes at least one nozzle (71) which connects the output of the pump (72) to one of the lubrication points (6); and wherein each nozzle (72) is at most as long as the diameter (B) of the bore of the cylinder (2).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein precisely one pump-nozzle unit (7), preferably actuable independently, is provided for each lubrication point (6).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one pump-nozzle unit (7) is provided which is connected to two lubrication points (6) and which is arranged such that the spacing from the output of the pump (72) to the lubrication point (6) is of equal size for both lubrication points (6).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which the pump (72) of the pump-nozzle unit (7) is in each case made as a piston pump In which a working piston (74) is arranged movable to and fro in a pump space (75) and a conveyed quantity of lubricant is conveyed through the output of the pump (72) into the nozzle (71) on each stroke.
- A large diesel engine in accordance with claim 7, In which the pump (72) of the pump-nozzle unit (7) includes a plurality of working pistons (741, 742, 743) of which each is arranged in a separate pump space (751, 752, 753).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with claim 8, wherein the working pistons (741, 742, 743) and the associated pump spaces (751, 752, 753) of a pump-nozzle unit (7) are designed for different conveyed quantities.
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which the pump (72) of the pump-nozzle unit '(7) can be actuated hydraulically or pneumatically or hydraulically/pneumatically.
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which the pump (72) of the pump-nozzle unit (7) is electrically actuable.
- A large diesel engine In accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which the lubrication system (5) includes a common-rail store (10) for the lubricant which is connected to all lubricant feeds (8).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which the lubrication points (6, 6', 6") are arranged at different positions with respect to the axial direction defined by the longitudinal axis (A) of the cylinder (2).
- A large diesel engine in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, in which at least two lubrication stores for different lubricants are provided so that different lubricants can be supplied to the lubrication points (6, 6', 6").
- A large diesel engine In accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein means are provided to set the quantity of lubricant conveyed by the pump-nozzle unit (7) to a presettable value.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09169466.1A EP2177720B1 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2009-09-04 | Large diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP08166804 | 2008-10-16 | ||
EP09169466.1A EP2177720B1 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2009-09-04 | Large diesel engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2177720A1 EP2177720A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
EP2177720B1 true EP2177720B1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
Family
ID=40210540
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09169466.1A Not-in-force EP2177720B1 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2009-09-04 | Large diesel engine |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2177720B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5676869B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101602303B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN105888766A (en) |
DK (1) | DK2177720T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2505685C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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EP2395208A1 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-14 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Large motor with a cylinder lubrication device and method for lubricating a cylinder of a large motor |
EP2620607B1 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-08-12 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Piston-cylinder unit and method for supplying lubricant to a piston of a piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating piston combustion engine |
CN102588034B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-12-18 | 上海三一重机有限公司 | Intelligent real-time protecting device for engine |
CN103527282B (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2017-06-30 | 瓦锡兰瑞士公司 | Lubricating system, lubricant injection, explosive motor and lubricating method |
DE102013002744B4 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2022-12-29 | MAN Energy Solutions, filial af MAN Energy Solutions SE, Germany | System for influencing the sliding properties of a sliding pair |
DE102013002743B4 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2020-09-03 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | Device for cylinder lubrication |
FI126493B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-01-13 | Jukka Moksi | Automatic lubrication system |
JP6685864B2 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2020-04-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Cylinder lubrication device and crosshead internal combustion engine |
EP3404224A1 (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-11-21 | Winterthur Gas & Diesel AG | Lubricating device for a large diesel motor, method for cylinder lubrication of a large diesel engine and large diesel engine |
EP3483403B1 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2022-11-30 | Winterthur Gas & Diesel AG | Lubrication arrangement for a large diesel engine |
DK179482B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-12-14 | Hans Jensen Lubricators A/S | A large slow-running two-stroke engine, a method of lubricating it, and an injector with a hydraulic-driven pumping system for such engine and method |
DK179750B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-05-07 | Hans Jensen Lubricators A/S | Large slow-running two-stroke engine and method of lubri-cating such engine, as well as an injector with an electric pumping system for such engine and method |
DK179521B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-02-05 | Hans Jensen Lubricators A/S | A large slow-running two-stroke engine, a method of lubricating it, and an injector with a step-wise hydraulic pumping system for such engine and method |
DK179952B1 (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2019-10-25 | Hans Jensen Lubricators A/S | A method for upgrading a lubrication system in a large slow-running two-stroke engine |
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-
2009
- 2009-09-04 DK DK09169466T patent/DK2177720T3/en active
- 2009-09-04 EP EP09169466.1A patent/EP2177720B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-10-15 RU RU2009138193/06A patent/RU2505685C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-15 JP JP2009238348A patent/JP5676869B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-15 CN CN201610238385.4A patent/CN105888766A/en active Pending
- 2009-10-15 CN CN200910208245A patent/CN101725385A/en active Pending
- 2009-10-15 KR KR1020090098227A patent/KR101602303B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2014
- 2014-10-24 JP JP2014217713A patent/JP2015025457A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2505685C2 (en) | 2014-01-27 |
CN105888766A (en) | 2016-08-24 |
JP5676869B2 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
RU2009138193A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
JP2010096181A (en) | 2010-04-30 |
DK2177720T3 (en) | 2014-06-30 |
CN101725385A (en) | 2010-06-09 |
KR101602303B1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
JP2015025457A (en) | 2015-02-05 |
KR20100042605A (en) | 2010-04-26 |
EP2177720A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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