DK176129B1 - Method of atomizing lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method of atomizing lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DK176129B1 DK176129B1 DK200101734A DKPA200101734A DK176129B1 DK 176129 B1 DK176129 B1 DK 176129B1 DK 200101734 A DK200101734 A DK 200101734A DK PA200101734 A DKPA200101734 A DK PA200101734A DK 176129 B1 DK176129 B1 DK 176129B1
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- lubricating oil
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- cylinder
- pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
- F01M2001/083—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means for lubricating cylinders
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
DK 176129 B1 iDK 176129 B1 i
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til forstøvning af smøreolie i en cylinder i en forbrændingsmotor, navnlig en totakts krydshovedmotor, hvor en pumpe aktiveres periodisk til levering af en dosis af smøreolie 5 til et smørerør, der forbinder en afgang på pumpen med en forstøverventil ved smørestedet, og hvor forstøverventilen åbner for forstøvning af smøreolien ind i cylinderen, når trykket i smørerøret overstiger et forudbestemt åbnetryk.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method for atomizing lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, in particular a two-stroke cross-head motor, wherein a pump is periodically actuated to deliver a dose of lubricating oil 5 to a lubricant connecting a discharge of the pump to an atomizer valve at the lubrication site wherein the nebulizer valve opens to atomize the lubricating oil into the cylinder when the pressure in the lubricant exceeds a predetermined opening pressure.
10 En sådan fremgangsmåde kendes fra WO 00/28194, der beskriver, at en række af forstøverventiler er placeret fordelt rundt langs periferien af en cylinderforing og har dyserne rettet på en sådan måde, at de forstøver smøreolien ind på et tæt ved forstøveren liggende seg-15 ment af cylinder for ingens inderside. Der er anvendt et stort antal forstøvere, såsom 10, for at få smøreolien fordelt over hele foringens periferi.Such a method is known from WO 00/28194, which describes that a series of nebulizing valves are disposed around the periphery of a cylinder liner and having the nozzles directed in such a way that they spray the lubricating oil into a seal adjacent to the nebulizer. 15 ment of cylinder for the inside of the housing. A large number of nebulizers, such as 10, have been used to get the lubricating oil distributed throughout the periphery of the casing.
Med hensyn til leveringen af smøreolie til forstøveren nævnes som et problem i WO 00/28194, at 20 kompressibiliteten af smøreolie i smørerørene gør det vanskeligt at opnå en tidsmæssig korrekt aflevering af smøreolien. Det angives som en betingelse for opnåelse af den tilstræbte forstøvning af smøreolien, at smøreolien ved leveringen overskrider forstøverventilens åb-25 netryk svarende til, hvad der kendes fra sædvanlig brændselsindsprøjtning. Det er ved brændselsindsprøjtning sædvanligt, at oliemængden leveres så hurtigt og i såpas stor mængde, at trykket i olierørene mellem pumpen og forstøveren straks ved den begyndende levering 30 af olie fra brændselspumpen overstiger forstøverens åbnetryk, så at indsprøjtningen starter, hvorefter brænd-selsmængden leveres vedvarende fra pumpen ind i cylinderen i løbet af et tidsrum, der kan være 10-50 gange længere end tidsrummet for opnåelse af åbnetrykket.With regard to the delivery of lubricating oil to the nebulizer, it is mentioned as a problem in WO 00/28194 that the compressibility of lubricating oil in the lubricating pipes makes it difficult to obtain a timely correct delivery of the lubricating oil. It is stated as a condition for achieving the desired atomization of the lubricating oil that at the delivery the lubricating oil exceeds the open pressure of the nebulizer valve similar to what is known from conventional fuel injection. It is usual for fuel injection that the amount of oil is delivered so rapidly and in sufficient quantity that the pressure in the oil pipes between the pump and the atomizer immediately exceeds the opening pressure of the atomizer at the initial delivery 30 of oil, so that the injection starts, and then the fuel quantity is delivered. from the pump into the cylinder over a period of time which may be 10-50 times longer than the period of opening pressure.
I DK 176129 B1 2I DK 176129 B1 2
Forstøvning af smøreolie ind i en cylinder er endvidere kendt fra japansk offentliggørelsesskrift 7-34837 fra 1995, hvor der i lighed med brændselsindsprøjtning foretages indsprøjtning af smøreolie gennem 5 forstøverventiler placeret i cylinderdækslet. Smøreoliepumpen er her taktsmæssigt koblet til forbrændingsmotorens krumtapaksel, således at der ved hver motoromdrejning leveres smøreolie forstøvet ind på cylinderforingens inderside.Spraying of lubricating oil into a cylinder is also known from Japanese Publication Publication No. 7-34837 of 1995, in which, like fuel injection, lubricating oil is injected through 5 nebulizer valves located in the cylinder cover. The lubricating oil pump is here tactically connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, so that at each engine rotation, lubricating oil is supplied atomized on the inside of the cylinder liner.
10 Fra ansøgerens danske patent nr. 81275 fra 1954 kendes et smøreoliesystem, hvor leveringen af smøreolie afpasses intermitterende i forhold til motorens omdrejningstal, således at der leveres smøreolie til smørestederne på cylinderforingens inderside eksempelvis for 15 hver, hver anden eller hver tredie motoromdrejning. Med henblik på at opnå en i forhold til stempelbevægelsen tidsmæssig præcis aflevering af smøreolien til smøre-stederne, er der i umiddelbar nærhed af hvert smørested indsat en styret afspærringsventil i smøreledningen.10 From the applicant's Danish patent No. 81275 of 1954, a lubricating oil system is known, in which the delivery of lubricating oil is adjusted intermittently in relation to the engine speed, so that lubricating oil is supplied to the lubrication points on the inside of the cylinder liner, for example for 15 each, every other or every third engine revolution. In order to achieve a timely precise delivery of the lubricating oil to the lubrication points in relation to the piston movement, a controlled shut-off valve is inserted in the lubrication line in the immediate vicinity of each lubrication site.
20 For hver gang, der skal foretages en smøring ved smørestedet, leverer smøreoliepumpen en nøjagtigt doseret smøreoliemængde, der ved lavt tryk tilbageholdes i smørerøret af afspærringsventilen, indtil stemplet befinder sig ud for smørestedet. Ved netop dette tidspunkt 25 aktiveres afspærringsventilen, og smøreolien frigives og løber ud ved smørestedet, hvor stempelringene kan fordele olien i cylinderforingens omkredsretning. For at undgå et trykfald i smøreledningen ved aktiveringen af ventilen, kan der i ledningen være et lille akkumu-30 latorvolumen, hvori olien holdes tryksat ved hjælp af et fjederbelastet stempel. Ved de kendte smøresystemer af denne art leveres smøreolien ved få bars tryk.20 Each time a lubrication is to be carried out at the lubrication site, the lubricating oil pump delivers an accurately dosed amount of lubricating oil which is retained in the lubrication valve at low pressure until the piston is out of the lubrication site. At this particular time, the shut-off valve is activated and the lubricating oil is released and discharges at the lubrication site where the piston rings can distribute the oil in the circumferential direction of the cylinder liner. In order to avoid a pressure drop in the lubrication line when the valve is actuated, there may be a small accumulator volume in the line in which the oil is kept pressurized by means of a spring loaded piston. In the known lubrication systems of this kind, the lubricating oil is supplied at a few bars pressure.
I modsætning hertil leveres smøreolien i de førstnævnte smøreoliesysterner med et højere tryk, der mulig-35 gør forstøvning af smøreolien. Det højere tryk giver en DK 176129 B1 3 j række ulemper på forsyningssiden for smøreolien, blandt andet risiko for lækagebestemte variationer i den leverede smøreoliemængde. Disse ulemper forstærkes, når der anvendes et større antal forstøverventiler per cylin-5 der, fordi volumenet i smørerørene så er forholdsmæssigt større i forhold til den leverede smøreoliemængde .In contrast, the lubricating oil is supplied in the former lubricating oil systems with a higher pressure which enables atomization of the lubricating oil. The higher pressure results in a number of disadvantages on the supply side of the lubricating oil, among other risks of leakage-determined variations in the amount of lubricating oil supplied. These disadvantages are amplified when a greater number of nebulizer valves are used per cylinder, because the volume of the lubrication tubes is then proportionally greater in relation to the amount of lubricating oil supplied.
Den foreliggende opfindelse har til formål at anvise en fremgangsmåde, der muliggør pålidelig levering af 10 en forholdsvis lille smøreoliemængde ved højt tryk.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which enables reliable delivery of a relatively small amount of high pressure lubricating oil.
Med henblik herpå er fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved, at forstøverventilen lukkes ved et lavere tryk end sit åbnetryk, at smøreolien leveres fra pumpen via en kontraventil til et volumen 15 mellem kontraventilen og forstøverventilen, hvori smøreolien akkumuleres midlertidigt under fremadskridende trykstigning samtidig med leveringen af smøreolie fra pumpen til volumenet, og at den akkumulerede smøreoliemængde udløses ved at forstøves ud gennem forstø-20 verventilen, når smøreolietrykket i volumenet oversti-. ger forstøverventilens åbnetryk.To this end, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the atomizer valve is closed at a lower pressure than its opening pressure, that the lubricating oil is delivered from the pump via a non-return valve to a volume 15 between the non-return valve and the atomizer valve, wherein the lubricating oil is temporarily accumulated during progressive pressure rise while the delivery of lubricating oil. from the pump to the volume, and that the accumulated lubricating oil quantity is released by spraying out through the nebulizer valve when the lubricating oil pressure in the volume exceeds. gives the atomic valve opening pressure.
Forstøverventilen har højt åbnetryk, og smøreolien leveret fra pumpen kan i volumenet mellem kontraventilen og forstøverventilen tryksættes op til det hø-25 je åbnetryk. Akkumuleringen af smøreolien i volumenet er mulig, fordi smøreolien uundgåeligt indeholder en vis mængde luft, der komprimeres og fremkalder trykstigning i smøreolien samtidig med, at yderligere smøreolie optages i volumenet. Når den akkumulerede smøre-30 oliemængde bliver så stor, at trykket i olien overstiger forstøverventilens åbnetryk, åbner forstøverventilen for forstøvning ind i cylinderen. Den leverede smøreoliemængde i løbet af forstøvningen afhænger af forstøverventilens lukketryk, idet et lavere lukketryk 35 giver en større udladning af smøreolie fra volumenet OK 176129 B1 4 mellem kontraventilen og forstøverventilen end et højere lukketryk. Kontraventilen holder volumenet effektivt afspærret i indfødningsenden, så at smøreolien nødven- <1 digvis må udtømmes gennem forstøverventilen.The nebulizer valve has high opening pressure, and the lubricating oil delivered from the pump can be pressurized up to the high opening pressure in the volume between the check valve and the nebulizer valve. The accumulation of the lubricating oil in the volume is possible because the lubricating oil inevitably contains a certain amount of air which is compressed and causes a rise in pressure in the lubricating oil while at the same time adding further lubricating oil into the volume. When the accumulated lubricating oil volume becomes so large that the pressure in the oil exceeds the nebulizer valve's opening pressure, the nebulizer valve opens for nebulization into the cylinder. The amount of lubricating oil delivered during the spraying depends on the closing pressure of the atomizer valve, a lower closing pressure 35 giving a greater discharge of lubricating oil from the volume OK 176129 B1 4 between the check valve and the spray valve than a higher closing pressure. The check valve keeps the volume effectively blocked at the feed end, so that the lubricating oil must <1 necessarily be discharged through the atomizer valve.
5 I en udførelsesform leveres smøreolien i flere do ser fra pumpen via kontraventilen til volumenet, hvori trykket stiger trinvis i takt med leveringen af smøreoliedoser til volumenet, og smøreolien forstøves ud gennem forstøverventilen, når den sidst leverede dosis 10 af smøreolie bringer smøreolietrykket i volumenet op over forstøverventilens åbnetryk. Ved at levere den nødvendige trykopbygning i smøreolien ved hjælp af flere aktiveringer af smørepumpen, kan pumpen have mindre dimensioner og alligevel levere den samlede smøre-15 oliemængde til et fuldt forstøvningsforløb. Pumpen har dermed et mindre lækageareal og følgelig mindre følsomhed over for lækagebestemte trykvariationer. Kontraventilen ved indfødningsenden af det smørerørsvolumen, hvori smøreolien akkumuleres, er stort set lækagefri, 20 og den midlertidige afbrydelse af smøreolieleveringen mellem to aktiveringen af pumpen er problemløs, idet trykket kan opretholdes lang tid med stort overtryk inden i smørerøret. Den trinvise trykopbygning kan eksempelvis strække sig over flere eller mange motoromdrej-25 ninger, inden forstøverventilen åbnes og udløser den gennem flere eller mange pumpeslag akkumulerede smøreoliemængde ved forstøvning ind i cylinderen.In one embodiment, the lubricating oil is delivered in several cans from the pump via the check valve to the volume, wherein the pressure rises step by step with the delivery of lubricating oil doses to the volume, and the lubricating oil is ejected through the nebulizer valve when the last delivered dose of lubricating oil brings the lubricating oil pressure into the volume. above the opening pressure of the atomizer valve. By providing the necessary pressure build-up in the lubricating oil by means of multiple activations of the lubrication pump, the pump can have smaller dimensions and yet deliver the total lubricating oil quantity for a complete atomization process. The pump thus has a smaller leakage area and consequently less sensitivity to leakage-determined pressure variations. The check valve at the inlet end of the lubricant tube volume in which the lubricating oil accumulates is substantially leak-free, 20 and the temporary interruption of the lubricating oil delivery between the two actuators of the pump is problem-free as the pressure can be maintained for a long time with high overpressure within the lubricant. For example, the stepwise pressure build-up can extend over several or many engine revolutions before the atomizer valve is opened and releases the amount of lubricating oil accumulated through multiple or multiple pump strokes upon atomization into the cylinder.
Det er muligt at anvende en smørepumpe, der styres frit i forhold til motorens cyklus, eksempelvis såle-30 des, at pumpen aktiveres en enkelt eller flere gange i hurtig følge i løbet af en enkelt motoromdrejning umiddelbart inden forstøvningen af smøreolie skal finde sted efterfulgt af en pauseperiode, men det foretrækkes, at pumpen aktiveres proportionalt med forbræn-35 dingsmotorens omdrejningstal, dvs. et forudbestemt an- 5 DK 176129 B1 tal aktiveringer i løbet af et forudbestemt antal motoromdrejninger. Den proportionale aktivering giver en nedregulering af den gennemsnitlige smøreoliemaengde per tidsenhed, når motorens belastning falder.It is possible to use a lubrication pump which is controlled freely in relation to the engine cycle, for example, such that the pump is activated one or more times in rapid succession during a single engine revolution immediately before the spraying of lubricating oil must take place followed by a break period, but it is preferred that the pump be actuated proportionally to the speed of the internal combustion engine, ie. a predetermined number of activations during a predetermined number of engine revolutions. The proportional activation provides a downward adjustment of the average lubricating oil quantity per unit time as the engine load decreases.
5 Det er hensigtsmæssigt, at pumpen aktiveres fra 2 til 30 gange per forstøvning af smøreolie, fortrinsvis højst 10 gange. Pumpen skal dermed kun levere en lille del af den samlede smøreoliemængde. Ved mere end 30 aktiveringer til levering af den nødvendige oliemængde 10 opnås ingen forbedring af lækageforholdene, og det vil sædvanligvis være ønskeligt at holde antallet af aktiveringer på højst 10.It is convenient that the pump is activated from 2 to 30 times per atomization of lubricating oil, preferably at most 10 times. The pump must therefore only supply a small part of the total lubricating oil quantity. With more than 30 activations for delivering the required amount of oil 10, no improvement in the leakage conditions is achieved and it will usually be desirable to keep the number of activations to a maximum of 10.
Af hensyn til at kunne anvende relativt simple pumper foretrækkes, at den individuelle dosis af smøreolie 15 fra pumpen giver en trykstigning i volumenet mellem kontraventilen og forstøverventilen på fra 1 til 10 bar, fortrinsvis 2 til 5 bar. Da der er tale om levering af et begrænset kvantum smøreolie til et på forstøversiden lukket rørvolumen, kan en ukompliceret 20 stempelpumpe anvendes til levering af smøreolien, også når trykket i volumenet er temmelig højt, såsom 60 bar eller mere.In order to be able to use relatively simple pumps, it is preferred that the individual dose of lubricating oil 15 from the pump provides a pressure increase in the volume between the check valve and the nebulizer valve of 1 to 10 bar, preferably 2 to 5 bar. Since there is a supply of a limited quantity of lubricating oil to a pipe volume closed on the nebulizer, an uncomplicated 20 piston pump can be used to deliver the lubricating oil, even when the pressure in the volume is rather high, such as 60 bar or more.
Leveringsforholdene for smøreolien kan variere i afhængighed af motorens belastning. Det foretrækkes, at 25 pumpen for overvindelse af åbnetrykket skal aktiveres flere gange, når forbrændingsmotoren kører ved dellast, end når den kører ved fuldlast. Dette giver mulighed for at acceptere relativt større lækagemængder ved del-last og dermed kan pumpen udformes med grovere to-30 lerancer og dermed længere levetid.The delivery conditions of the lubricating oil may vary depending on the engine load. It is preferred that the opening pressure overpressure pump be activated more times when the internal combustion engine is running at partial load than when running at full load. This gives the possibility of accepting relatively larger quantities of leakage at partial load and thus the pump can be designed with coarser dual delays and thus longer service life.
Fremgangsmåden kan fordelagtigt videreudvikles således, at der ved dellast på P % af fuldlast af forbrændingsmotoren leveres en større smøreoliemængde per kWh end P % x smøreoliemængden per kWh ved fuldlast.Advantageously, the process can be further developed so that at a partial load of P% of full load of the combustion engine, a greater lubricating oil quantity per kWh is delivered than P% x lubricating oil volume per kWh at full load.
35 Smøresystemet kan udformes til automatisk at variere DEC 176129 B1 6 smøreoliemængden på denne måde ved at anvende en forstøverventil, hvis åbnetryk falder med faldende cylindertryk, hvorved udnyttes, at cylindertrykket på et givet tidspunkt af motorcyklussens kompressionsslag er 5 lavere ved dellast end ved fuldlast.The lubrication system can be designed to automatically vary the amount of lubricating oil DEC 176129 B1 in this way by using a nebulizer valve whose opening pressure decreases with decreasing cylinder pressure, utilizing that at a given time of the motor cycle compression stroke the cylinder pressure is 5 lower than at full load.
Med henblik på at mindske antallet af forstøverventiler på den enkelte cylinder foretrækkes, at forstøverventilen åbnes ved et tryk, der er forudbestemt til at ligge i intervallet fra 15 til 40 bar over cy-10 1indertrykket på det tidspunkt i motorcyklussen, hvor forstøvningen af smøreolie ind i cylinderen foretages.In order to reduce the number of nebulizer valves on each cylinder, it is preferred that the nebulizer valve be opened at a pressure predetermined to range from 15 to 40 bar above the cylinder pressure at the time of the engine cycle when in the cylinder is made.
Dette overtryk kan frembringe en effektiv forstøvning af smøreolien, og navnlig når trykket er beliggende i intervallet fra 30-40 bar er forstøvningen så kraftig, 15 at smøreolien kan skydes en passende lang afstand hen gennem cylinderrummet og dermed påføre passende jævnt fordelt smøreolie over et fordelagtigt stort udsnit af cylinderforingens inderside.This overpressure can produce an effective atomization of the lubricating oil, and especially when the pressure is in the range of 30-40 bar, the atomization is so strong that the lubricating oil can be pushed a sufficiently long distance through the cylinder space and thus apply suitable evenly distributed lubricating oil over a favorable large section of the inside of the cylinder liner.
Medens forstøverventilens åbnetryk styrer intensi-20 teten af forstøvningen af smøreolien kan frekvensen af forstøvningerne og dermed smøreoliemængden per forstøvning styres af forstøverventilens lukketryk.While the opening pressure of the nebulizer valve controls the intensity of the spraying of the lubricating oil, the frequency of the nebulisation and thus the amount of lubricating oil per nebulization can be controlled by the closing pressure of the nebulizer valve.
Selv om modtrykket mod forstøvningen stiger med stigende cylindertryk foretrækkes, at forstøverventilen 25 åbnes, når cylindertrykket er større end 4 0% af forbrændingsmotorens maksimale kompressionstryk. Forstøvningen af smøreolien kan med fordel ske ind på den øverste del af cylinderforingens løbeflade for stempel-ringene, idet belastningen på foringens materiale her 30 er størst. Ved at foretage forstøvningen af smøreolie ind på løbefladen på et relativt sent tidspunkt i det opadgående stempelslag, afkortes tidsrummet fra forstøvningen er foretaget til stempelringene passerer den netop smurte løbeflade. Dette bidrager til at holde 7 DK 176129 B1 smøreolien oppe i toppen af cylinderforingen, hvor smø-rebehovet er størst.Although the counterpressure against the atomization increases with increasing cylinder pressure, it is preferred that the atomizer valve 25 is opened when the cylinder pressure is greater than 40% of the maximum compression pressure of the internal combustion engine. The spraying of the lubricating oil can advantageously occur on the upper part of the cylinder liner's running surface for the piston rings, with the load on the liner material here being greatest. By applying the atomization of lubricating oil to the running surface at a relatively late time in the upward piston stroke, the time period shortened from the spraying is made until the piston rings pass the just lubricated running surface. This helps keep the lubricating oil at the top of the cylinder liner where the lubrication requirement is greatest.
At hensyn til opnåelse af passende smøring ved dellast og for at kompensere for lækagetab ved pump-5 ningen af smøreolien kan smøreoliepumpens leverings-mængde per dosis være regulerbar. Leveringsmængden per dosis kan hensigtsmæssigt forøges, når motoren kører ved dellast, hvilket ved en motor med lavere omdrejningstal ved dellast giver mulighed for at levere den 10 samme smøreoliemængde ved dellast som ved fuldlast ind i volumenet mellem kontraventilen og forstøverventilen på trods af den forøgede lækage som følge af den forøgede leveringstid for dosisen ved dellast.In order to obtain suitable lubrication at partial load and to compensate for leakage losses in the pumping of the lubricating oil, the delivery quantity of the lubricating oil pump per dose may be adjustable. The amount of delivery per dose may conveniently be increased when the engine is running at partial load, which, with a lower speed engine at partial load, allows the same amount of lubricating oil at partial load as at full load into the volume between the check valve and the nebulizer valve, despite the increased leakage which due to the increased delivery time for the dose at part load.
I en anden udførelsesform forstøves der gennem-15 snitligt per motoromdrejning ved en dellast på P % af fuldlast af forbrændingsmotoren en mindre smøreoliemængde ind i cylinderen end P % x den smøreoliemængde, der gennemsnitligt per motoromdrejning forstøves ind i cylinderen ved fuldlast. Udover at opnå en finfordelt 20 og kraftig forstøvning som følge af trykopbygningen i volumenet mellem kontraventilen og forstøverventilen opnås med denne belastningsafhængige regulering af smø-reoliemængden en omkostningsmæssig fordel i form af nedsat specifikt smøreolieforbrug. Den kraftige for-25 støvning opnået med trykopbygningen i rørvolumenet inden udløsningen af forstøvningen og den passende store mængde smøreolie per forstøver giver en så god fordeling af smøreolien på foringens inderside, at det lavere temperaturniveau på foringens inderside ved del-30 lastdrift kan udnyttes til at anvende mindre smøreolie.In another embodiment, on average, at a partial load of P% of full load of the internal combustion engine, a smaller amount of lubricating oil is injected into the cylinder than P% x the average amount of lubricating oil atomized into the cylinder at full load. In addition to achieving a finely distributed 20 and vigorous atomization due to the pressure build-up in the volume between the check valve and the nebulizer valve, this load-dependent control of the lubricating oil volume achieves a cost advantage in the form of reduced specific lubricating oil consumption. The powerful spraying achieved with the pressure build-up in the pipe volume prior to release of the atomization and the appropriately large amount of lubricating oil per nebulizer provides such a good distribution of the lubricating oil on the inside of the casing that the lower temperature level on the interior of the casing by partial load operation can be utilized to apply less lubricating oil.
Det er her ikke afgørende om trykopbygningen sker trinvist som følge af flere pumpeaktiveringer med en relativt lille pumpe eller kontinuert ved levering fra en større pumpe.It is not crucial here whether the pressure build-up occurs incrementally as a result of several pump activations with a relatively small pump or continuously on delivery from a larger pump.
k__ _____________ DEC 176129 B1 8 I en yderligere udførelsesform leveres med pumpen ved en dellast på P % af fuldlast af forbrændingsmotoren en større smøreoliemængde per kWh end P % x smøreoliemængden per kWh ved fuldlast. Som nævnt oven-5 for kan forstøvning af smøreolien med fordel gøres selvregulerende i sin belastningsafhængige dosering af smøreolien. Det er heller ikke her afgørende, om trykopbygningen sker trinvist som følge af flere pumpeaktiveringer med en relativt lille pumpe eller kontinuert 10 ved levering fra en større pumpe.k__ _____________ DEC 176129 B1 8 In a further embodiment, at a partial load of P% of full load of the internal combustion engine, the pump supplies a greater amount of lubricating oil per kWh than P% x amount of lubricating oil per kWh at full load. As mentioned above, atomization of the lubricating oil can advantageously be made self-regulating in its load-dependent dosing of the lubricating oil. It is also not important here whether the pressure build-up occurs incrementally as a result of several pump activations with a relatively small pump or continuously 10 when delivered from a larger pump.
Opfindelsen beskrives herefter med henvisning til den stærkt skematiske tegning, hvor fig. 1 viser et sidebillede af en cylinder, fig. 2 en enkelt cylinder med fire forstøverventi- 15 ler, fig. 3 et diagram over et forsyningssystem for cylindersmøreolie, og fig. 4-7 eksempler på smøreforløb.The invention will now be described with reference to the highly schematic drawing, in which fig. 1 is a side view of a cylinder; FIG. 2 shows a single cylinder with four nebulizing valves; FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cylinder lubricating oil supply system; and FIG. 4-7 examples of lubrication processes.
I de forskellige udførelsesformer beskrevet ne-20 denfor anvendes for enkelheds skyld samme henvisningstal for detaljer af samme art.In the various embodiments described below, the same reference numerals for details of the same kind are used for simplicity.
En forbrændingsmotor, såsom en totakts krydshoved-motor af typen MC eller en stor firtaktsmotor, der har en cylinderboring på over 22 cm er forsynet med et cy-25 lindersmøresystem. Motoren kan eksempelvis have et cylinderantal beliggende i intervallet fra fire til 28 cylindre. Cylinderboringen kan eksempelvis være beliggende i intervallet fra 22 til 120 cm, fortrinsvis fra 60 til 100 cm. Hver cylinder 1 omfatter en cylinder-30 foring med et cylinderdæksel og et i foringen kørende stempel 8 med stempelringe 9, der glider langs foringens inderside på dennes løbeflade 10.An internal combustion engine, such as a two stroke MC motor or a large four stroke engine having a cylinder bore greater than 22 cm is provided with a cylinder lubrication system. For example, the engine may have a number of cylinders located in the range of four to 28 cylinders. For example, the cylinder bore may be located in the range of 22 to 120 cm, preferably 60 to 100 cm. Each cylinder 1 comprises a cylinder 30 liner with a cylinder cover and a piston 8 running in the liner with piston rings 9 sliding along the inside of the liner on its running surface 10.
For at mindske sliddet på såvel stempelringe som cylinderforing skal løbefladen smøres med smøreolie, 35 hvilket sker med flere langs foringens periferi for- 9 DK 176129 B1 delte forstøverventiler 3, der hver omfatter en ventil-nål 11, der er fjederbelastet til anlæg mod et ventilsæde 12. På nedstrømssiden af sædet er der et eller flere forstøverhuller 13, der er boret i de retninger, 5 hvori smøreolien skal indsprøjtes i løbet af forstøvningen. Når forstøverventilen er lukket, er den radialt inden for ventilsædet beliggende spids 14 af ventilnålen påvirket af trykket i cylinderen ved forstøverventilen 3, idet trykket forplanter sig ind gennem forstø-10 verhullerne. Når forstøverventilen står åben er det større areal på hele ventilnålens spids påvirket af trykket i cylinderen, hvilket medfører, at ventilen har højere åbnetryk end lukketryk.In order to reduce the wear on both piston rings and cylinder lining, the running surface must be lubricated with lubricating oil, which is done with several atomizing valves 3 along the periphery of the casing, each comprising a valve needle 11 spring-loaded for abutment against a valve seat. 12. On the downstream side of the seat there are one or more nebulizer holes 13 drilled in the directions 5 in which the lubricating oil is to be injected during the nebulization. When the nebulizer valve is closed, the tip 14 of the valve needle radially located within the valve seat is affected by the pressure in the cylinder at the nebulizer valve 3 as the pressure propagates through the nebulizer holes. When the nebulizer valve is open, the larger area of the entire valve needle tip is affected by the pressure in the cylinder, which means that the valve has higher opening pressure than closing pressure.
Hver forstøverventil 3 er forbundet med et smørerør 15 4, der via en kontraventil 5 er forbundet til en pumpe 6, der ved aktivering leverer en dosis smøreolie til det rørvolumen 15, der er afgrænset mellem kontraventilen 5 og forstøverventilen 3. Smøreolien leveres ved forpumpetryk til de enkelte pumper 6 gennem ledninger 20 7. I øvrigt fungerer smøresystemet som beskrevet ovenfor.Each atomizer valve 3 is connected to a lubricating pipe 15 4 which is connected via a check valve 5 to a pump 6 which, upon activation, delivers a dose of lubricating oil to the pipe volume 15 defined between the check valve 5 and the nebulizer valve 3. The lubricating oil is delivered at pre-pump pressure to the individual pumps 6 through conduits 20 7. Otherwise, the lubrication system works as described above.
Cylinderen 1 kan i en totaktsmotor være af længde-skyllet type, hvor der gennem skylleluftporte 16 ved cylinderens nedre ende indføres skylleluft, der på vel-25 kendt vis strømmer i en hvirvelbevægelse (pilen A i fig. 2) op gennem cylinderen, mens en udstødsventil 17 i cylinderens øvre ende står åben samt i løbet af den efterfølgende fyldning af cylinderen.In a two-stroke engine, the cylinder 1 can be of a long-flush type, in which flushing air 16 is introduced at the lower end of the cylinder, flushing air, which is well known in a swirling motion (arrow A in Fig. 2) up through the cylinder, while a exhaust valve 17 at the upper end of the cylinder is open as well as during the subsequent filling of the cylinder.
Som vist i fig. 2 er der flere, her fire forstøver-30 ventiler i cylinderens omkredsretning. Ved at placere forstøverventilerne 3 jævnt fordelt i omkredsretningen opnås den fordel, at ventilerne kan være af ens udformning, idet de hver især skal tilføre cylindersmøreolie til et ensartet område af løbefladen. Det er muligt at 35 placere forstøverventilerne i indbyrdes forskellige ^ _ DK 176129 B1 10 højder i cylinderen, ligesom de også eller alternativt kan være monteret i cylinderdækslet. Antallet af forstøverventiler 3 på cylinderen afhænger af cylinderdiameteren, og normalt vil et antal på B/10 ± 2 være pas-5 sende, hvor B er cylinderboringen i cm.As shown in FIG. 2 there are several, here four atomizer valves in the circumferential direction of the cylinder. By placing the nebulizer valves 3 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the advantage is obtained that the valves can be of similar design, each having to supply cylinder lubricating oil to a uniform area of the running surface. It is possible to place the nebulizer valves at different heights in the cylinder, just as they may also or alternatively be mounted in the cylinder cover. The number of nebulizer valves 3 on the cylinder depends on the cylinder diameter, and usually a number of B / 10 ± 2 will be suitable, where B is the cylinder bore in cm.
Det foretrækkes, at hver forstøverventil er tilknyttet én pumpe 6. Der er typisk samlet flere pumper i en enkelt smøreapparat, som ved små motorer kan betjene flere eller alle cylindrene på motoren og ved større 10 motorer kan betjene smørestederne ved en enkelt cylinder. Det er muligt at drive pumpestemplerne ved hjælp af en kamaksel, som er mekanisk eller elektrisk drevet af en elektromotor koblet til kamakslen, hvor aktiveringen i førstnævnte tilfælde er mekanisk tvangsstyret 15 via et kædetræk eller lignende drivforbindelse mellem kamakslen og en drivaksel på motoren og i sidstnævnte tilfælde er elektronisk styret på basis af informationer om motorens gang. Det foretrækkes dog, at pumpestemplerne er drevet af en hydraulisk aktuator på basis 20 af elektroniske styresignaler, eksemplevis en såkaldt Alpha Lubricator af ansøgerens fabrikat. Der kan være et enkelt pumpestempel per aktuator, men det foretrækkes at flere pumpestempler hørende til samme cylinder er drevet i fælles bevægelser af en enkelt aktuator.It is preferred that each atomizer valve is connected to one pump 6. Typically, several pumps are assembled into a single lubricator, which can operate several or all of the cylinders of the engine for small engines and, for larger engines, operate the lubrication points of a single cylinder. It is possible to drive the pump pistons by means of a camshaft mechanically or electrically driven by an electric motor coupled to the camshaft, the actuation of which in the former case is mechanically forced 15 via a chain drive or similar drive connection between the camshaft and a drive shaft on the motor and in the latter cases are electronically controlled based on information about the engine running. However, it is preferred that the pump pistons are driven by a hydraulic actuator on the basis of electronic control signals, for example a so-called Alpha Lubricator of the applicant's make. There may be a single pump piston per actuator, but it is preferred that multiple pump pistons belonging to the same cylinder are driven in joint movements by a single actuator.
25 Et eksempel på et smøresystem er illustreret i fig.An example of a lubrication system is illustrated in FIG.
3, hvor en tank 18 indeholder cylindersmøreolie, der eventuelt kan være opvarmet ved hjælp af en ikke nærmere beskrevet varmeindretning 19. I modsætning til al anden smøreolie anvendt i større motoranlæg er cylin-30 dersmøreolien ikke centrifugeret i en separator inden anvendelsen. Cylindersmøreolien er en høj additiv, syreneutraliserende olie, som indeholder calcium-carbonat i en kompleks forbindelse indkapslet i en partikel for at holde calcium-carbonaten svævende i olien. En centrifu-35 gering ville føre til fjernelse af disse partikler fra 11 DK 176129 B1 cylindersmøreolien. En konsekvens af den manglende centrifugering er, at cylindersmøreolien uundgåeligt indeholder fine luftbobler.3, where a tank 18 contains cylinder lubricating oil which may be heated by means of an unspecified heating device 19. Unlike all other lubricating oil used in larger engine systems, the cylinder lubricating oil is not centrifuged in a separator prior to use. The cylinder lubricating oil is a highly additive, acid neutralizing oil which contains calcium carbonate in a complex compound encased in a particle to keep the calcium carbonate floating in the oil. A centrifugation would lead to the removal of these particles from the cylinder lubricating oil. One consequence of the lack of centrifugation is that the cylinder lubricating oil inevitably contains fine air bubbles.
En forpumpe 20 pumper smøreolien gennem et filter 5 21 frem til en fødeledning 22, hvorfra en ledning 7 er afgrenet til aktuatoren 25 med pumperne hørende til en enkelt cylinder 1, hvoraf figuren kun viser en enkelt.A pre-pump 20 pumps the lubricating oil through a filter 5 21 to a feed line 22, from which a line 7 is branched to the actuator 25 with the pumps belonging to a single cylinder 1, of which the figure shows only a single one.
En akkumulator 23 er tilsluttet aktuatoren med pumperne for at dæmpe tryksvingninger i forbindelse med fyldning 10 af pumperne. En anden akkumulator 24 dæmper tryksvingninger i ledningen 7. Pumperne 6 styres ved hjælp af en solenoideventil 26, som via en signalledning er forbundet med en elektronisk styreenhed (ikke vist). En tilbagekoblings-sensor 27 tilfører styreenheden oplysning 15 om aktuatorstemplets faktiske aktivering. En returgren 28 leder overskydende smøreolie tilbage til en returledning 29 tilsluttet tanken 18. En trykstyringsenhed 30 regulerer trykket i fødeledningen til en forudbestemt værdi, der eksempelvis kan være beliggende i in-20 tervallet fra 1-60 bar, typisk fra 7-20 bar.An accumulator 23 is connected to the actuator with the pumps to dampen pressure fluctuations in connection with filling 10 of the pumps. Another accumulator 24 attenuates pressure fluctuations in the conduit 7. The pumps 6 are controlled by a solenoid valve 26 which is connected via an signal line to an electronic control unit (not shown). A feedback sensor 27 provides information to the control unit 15 about the actual actuation of the actuator piston. A return branch 28 returns excess lubricating oil to a return line 29 connected to tank 18. A pressure control unit 30 regulates the pressure in the feed line to a predetermined value, which may be, for example, in the range of 1-60 bar, typically from 7-20 bar.
Pumpen 6 kan som vist i fig. 2 være en stempelpumpe, hvilket giver den fordel, at den leverede smøreoliemængde doseres volumetrisk ved hvert pumpeslag, og dette sker ved det forholdsvist lave forpumpetryk, hvor 25 de i praksis forekommende, eventuelle småvariationer i luftindhold i smøreolien ikke har nogen betydende indflydelse på mængden af smøreolie i det pågældende volumen.The pump 6 can, as shown in FIG. 2 is a piston pump, which gives the advantage that the amount of lubricating oil delivered is volumetrically dosed at each pump stroke, and this is done at the relatively low pre-pump pressure, where in practice, any small variations in the air content of the lubricating oil have no significant influence on the amount of lubricating oil in that volume.
Ved hver aktivering doserer pumpen 6 cylindersmøre-30 olie via kontraventilen 5 ind i rørvolumenet 15, der står i direkte forbindelse med et trykkammer 31 i forstøverventilen 3. Når forstøverventilen er lukket er trykkammeret afgrænset af forstøverhuset, ventilsædet 12 og ventilnålen 11, som af en trykfjeder 32 presses i 35 anlæg mod ventilsædet. Trykket i trykkammeret påvirker ^ _____ _____ DK 176129 B1 12 det i trykkammeret fritliggende areal af ventilnålen med en åbnekraft, som er modsatrettet fjederkraften.At each activation, the pump 6 dispenses cylinder lubricating oil via the check valve 5 into the pipe volume 15 which is in direct communication with a pressure chamber 31 of the atomizer valve 3. When the atomizer valve is closed, the pressure chamber is defined by the atomizer housing, valve seat 12 and valve needle 11, as by a compression spring 32 is pressed against the valve seat in 35 abutments. The pressure in the pressure chamber affects the area of the valve needle which is exposed in the pressure chamber with an open force which is opposite to the spring force.
Når der ved en enkelt eller flere doseringer fra pumpen 6 er leveret så stor en mængde cylindersmøreolie til 5 trykkammeret, at trykket heri påvirker ventilnålen med en kraft større end fjederkraften, forskydes ventilnålen bort fra ventilsædet og samtidig strømmer den tryksatte smøreolie frem til forstøverhullet eller forstøverhullerne og sprøjtes ind i cylinderen. Når forstø-10 verventilen står åben, virker trykket i trykkammeret 31 på hele ventilnålens tværsnitareal, men i forstøverventilens lukkede stilling virker trykket ikke på det centrale areal, der er afspærret af ventilsædet. Som følge af det større areal i den åbne stilling, kan et 15 tryk mindre end åbnetrykket i trykkammeret 31 overvinde trykkraften fra fjederen 32 og holde ventilnålen i den åbne stilling. Ventilnålen skifter først til lukket stilling i anlæg mod ventilsædet 12, når trykket i trykkammeret er faldet ned under lukketrykket, som er 20 det tryk, hvor kraften fra fjederen 32 overstiger smøreolietrykket på det fulde tværsnitsareal af ventilnålen 11.When, at a single or multiple doses from the pump 6, a quantity of cylinder lubricating oil is supplied to the pressure chamber such that the pressure therein affects the valve needle with a force greater than the spring force, the valve needle is displaced away from the valve seat and at the same time the pressurized lubricating oil flows to the nebulizer holes or atomizer holes. and injected into the cylinder. When the nebulizer valve is open, the pressure in the pressure chamber 31 acts on the entire cross-sectional area of the valve needle, but in the closed position of the nebulizer valve, the pressure does not act on the central area blocked by the valve seat. Due to the larger area in the open position, a pressure less than the opening pressure in the pressure chamber 31 can overcome the compressive force of the spring 32 and keep the valve needle in the open position. The valve needle only switches to the closed position in contact with the valve seat 12 when the pressure in the pressure chamber has dropped below the closing pressure, which is 20 the pressure at which the force from the spring 32 exceeds the lubricating oil pressure on the full cross-sectional area of the valve needle 11.
Trykfjederen 32 eller en anden kilde til frembringelse af en lukkekraft på ventilnålen 11, såsom et hy-25 drauliktryk i kammeret 33, bestemmer forstøverventilens åbentryk. Fjederkraften eller hydrauliktrykket i kammeret 33 kan være indstillelig for at variere åbnekraften i afhængighed af motorens øjeblikkelige driftsbetingelser.The compression spring 32 or other source for generating a closing force on the valve needle 11, such as a hydraulic pressure in the chamber 33, determines the open pressure of the nebulizer valve. The spring force or hydraulic pressure in the chamber 33 may be adjustable to vary the opening force depending on the instantaneous operating conditions of the engine.
30 Længden af smørerøret 4 afhænger af afstanden mellem pumpen 6 og forstøverventilen 3. Der er typisk tale om rørlængder i intervallet fra 0,5 til 8 meter, såsom fra 3 til 5 meter, og rørdiameteren vælges fortrinsvis således, at der inden i røret er et passende stort vo-35 lumen til, at den til en enkelt aktivering af forstø- 13 DK 176129 B1 verventilen medgående cylindersmøreoliemængde kan kom-primeres ind i volumenet. Der kan eksempelvis være tale om, at smørerøret 4 har en indre lysning på 5 mm og en længde på 4 m mellem kontraventilen 5 og forstøverven-5 tilen 3, hvilket giver et rørvolumen på 31,4 cm3. Forsøg har vist, at en leveringsmængde på omtrent 0,1 cm3 af cylindersmøreolie til dette volumen medfører en trykstigning på omtrent 5 bar.The length of the lubrication pipe 4 depends on the distance between the pump 6 and the atomizer valve 3. These are typically pipe lengths in the range of 0.5 to 8 meters, such as from 3 to 5 meters, and the pipe diameter is preferably chosen such that inside the pipe there is a sufficiently large volume to allow the volume of cylinder lubricating oil supplied with a single actuation of the spray valve to be compressed into the volume. For example, the lubricating pipe 4 may have an internal clearance of 5 mm and a length of 4 m between the check valve 5 and the nebulizer valve 3, which gives a pipe volume of 31.4 cm 3. Tests have shown that a delivery amount of about 0.1 cm 3 of cylinder lubricating oil to this volume causes a pressure increase of about 5 bar.
Når forbrændingsmotoren startes, vil der først gen-10 nem en række pumpeaktiveringer ske en oppumpning af trykket i volumenet 15 til et niveau svarende til forstøverventilens lukketryk Pc, der eksempelvis kan ligge i intervallet fra 40 til 150 bar, typisk fra 50 til 130 bar. Disse mange aktiveringer kan udføres, inden moto-15 ren sættes i gang eller i løbet af igangsætningen. Ved fortsat levering af cylindersmøreolie fra pumpen 6 vil trykket i volumenet 15 på et tidspunkt overstige forstøverventilens åbnetryk Po, hvorefter smøreolien indsprøjtes, indtil trykket i volumenet falder ned under 20 lukketrykket Pc. Den indsprøjtede smøreoliemængde afhænger således af forskellen mellem forstøverventilens åbne- og lukketryk samt størrelsen af volumenet 15. Det er samtidig klart, at den indsprøjtede smøreoliemængde svarer til den samlede smøreoliemængde leveret af pum-25 pen 6 mellem to aktiveringer af forstøverventilen.When the internal combustion engine is started, a series of pump activations will first be inflated by the pressure in volume 15 to a level corresponding to the closing pressure Pc of the nebulizer valve, which may, for example, range from 40 to 150 bar, typically from 50 to 130 bar. These many activations can be performed before the engine is started or during startup. On continued delivery of cylinder lubricating oil from the pump 6, the pressure in the volume 15 will at some point exceed the opening pressure Po of the atomizer valve, after which the lubricating oil is injected until the pressure in the volume falls below 20 closing pressure Pc. The amount of injected lubricating oil thus depends on the difference between the opening and closing pressures of the nebulizer valve and the size of the volume 15. It is also clear that the amount of lubricating oil delivered corresponds to the total lubricating oil quantity supplied by the pump 6 between two activations of the nebulizer valve.
Som følge af den høje pris på cylindersmøreolie er det fordelagtigt at minimere mængden af forbrugt smøreolie per produceret kWh i cylinderen. For at opnå en effektiv smøring i forhold til den forbrugte mængde 30 smøreolie er det ønskeligt at indsprøjte en såpas stor mængde smøreolie per aktivering af forstøverventilen, at olien afleveres på optimal måde til løbefladen. Dette medfører, at det kan være ønskeligt ikke at smøre ved hver motoromdrejning, men derimod kun en gang for 35 et antal af motoromdrejninger, såsom hver anden, tred- L ___ __ 14 DK 1176129 B1 je, fjerde, femte, sjette, syvende eller ottende omdrejning .Due to the high price of cylinder lubricating oil, it is advantageous to minimize the amount of lubricated oil per kWh produced in the cylinder. In order to achieve an effective lubrication in relation to the amount of lubricating oil consumed, it is desirable to inject a sufficiently large amount of lubricating oil per activation of the nebulizer valve so that the oil is delivered in optimum manner to the running surface. This means that it may be desirable not to lubricate at each engine speed, but only once for a number of engine revolutions, such as every other, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or seventh or so. eighth turn.
I fig. 4 ses et leveringsforløb, hvor pumpen 6 er aktiveret én gang for hver omdrejning af motorens krum-5 tapaksel, eksempelvis fordi pumpen er kamaktiveret af en kamaksel, som er tvangstrukken til drejning proportionalt med drejningen af motorens krumtapaksel. Ved hver aktivering stiger trykket i volumenet 15 trinvis, indtil trykket ved den sidste aktivering overstiger 10 forstøverventilens åbnetryk, hvorefter indsprøjtningen af smøreolie i cylinderen foretages samtidig med, at trykket i volumenet brat falder ned til lukketrykket Pc, hvorefter en ny cyklus med trykopbygning indledes.In FIG. 4 shows a delivery process where the pump 6 is activated once for each rotation of the crankshaft of the motor, for example because the pump is cam-activated by a camshaft which is the forced pull for rotation proportional to the rotation of the crankshaft of the motor. With each actuation, the pressure in the volume 15 increases incrementally until the pressure at the last actuation exceeds 10 the opening pressure of the atomizer valve, after which the injection of lubricating oil into the cylinder is made while the pressure in the volume drops abruptly to the closing pressure Pc, after which a new cycle of pressure build-up is initiated.
I fig. 5 ses et leverings forløb, hvor pumpen 6 er 15 udformet til at give en leveringsmængde per aktivering, der hovedsageligt svarer til leveringsmængden ved hver åbning af forstøverventilen 3. Trykket i volumenet 15 svarer således til lukketrykket Pc under hovedparten af motorens gang, men umiddelbart inden indsprøjtningen af 20 smøreolie skal foretages, aktiveres pumpen 6 til levering af en smøreoliemængde, der bringer trykket i volumenet op over åbnetrykket Po, hvorefter smøreolien indsprøjtes .In FIG. 5, a delivery process is seen, where the pump 6 is designed to provide a delivery amount per activation, which corresponds substantially to the delivery amount at each opening of the atomizer valve 3. Thus, the pressure in the volume 15 corresponds to the closing pressure Pc during most of the engine operation, but immediately before If the injection of 20 lubricating oil is to be done, the pump 6 is activated to deliver a quantity of lubricating oil which brings the pressure in the volume above the opening pressure Po, after which the lubricating oil is injected.
Det er muligt med en mindre pumpe 6 at opnå en pas-25 sende kraftig trykstigning inden for samme motorcyklus ved at aktivere pumpen flere gange hurtigt efter hinanden. I fig. 6 ses trykforløbet ved at foretage fire aktiveringer i hurtig følge, hvor den sidste aktivering bringer trykket op over forstøverventilens åbnetryk.It is possible with a smaller pump 6 to achieve a suitably high pressure rise within the same motor cycle by activating the pump several times quickly in succession. In FIG. 6, the pressure flow is seen by making four activations in rapid succession, the last activation bringing the pressure above the opening pressure of the atomizer valve.
30 Dermed udnyttes fordelen ved at pumpen 6 har lille lækageareal som følge af små pumpedimensioner samtidig med, at leveringsmængden ved aktiveringen er fordelagtigt stor.30 The advantage of this is that the pump 6 has a small leakage area due to small pump dimensions and at the same time the delivery quantity at the activation is advantageously large.
Motoren kan eksempelvis have et maksimal kompressi-35 onstryk beliggende i intervallet fra 50 til 140 bar, / 15 DK 176129 B1 fortrinsvis fra 75 til 125 bar. Forstøverventilens åbnetryk kan overstige det aktuelle tryk i cylinderen ud for ventilen på det tidspunkt, hvor indsprøjtningen finder sted, med et indsprøjtningsovertryk, der eksem-5 pelvis er beliggende i intervallet fra 15 til 150 bar, fortrinsvis fra 30 til 70 bar. Det ønskelige overtryk afhænger helt af karakteristikken af indsprøjtningen.For example, the motor may have a maximum compressive pressure located in the range of 50 to 140 bar, preferably from 75 to 125 bar. The opening pressure of the nebulizer valve may exceed the actual pressure in the cylinder next to the valve at the time of injection, with an injection overpressure, for example, located in the range of 15 to 150 bar, preferably from 30 to 70 bar. The desirable overpressure depends entirely on the characteristics of the injection.
Såfremt det ønskes, at indsprøjtningen sker i form af en meget finfordelt tåge af små smøreoliepartikler, 10 skal overtrykket være relativt højt for opnåelse af den fine forstøvning. Hvis der i stedet ønskes indsprøjtning af større dråber eller mere samlede stråler eller vifter af smøreolie, som med god gennemtrængningskraft kan skydes ind gennem lufthvirvlen i cylinderen og af-15 leveres sikker på løbefladen, også i relativt stor afstand fra forstøverventilen, behøver overtrykket ikke at være helt så stort. Indsprøjtningen af større dråber eller af mere samlede stråler eller vifteformede indsprøjtninger af smøreolien antages at frembringe den 20 mest fordelagtige fordeling af cylindersmøreolien, idet de større dråber som følge af deres større masse er mindre afhængige af bevægelserne i cylindergasserne og mindre følsomme over for variationer i disse bevægelser. Dysegeometrien kan anvendes til at frembringe den 25 ønskede form for indsprøjtning, idet eksempelvis en større diameter i forstøverhullet eller -hullerne giver større dråbestørrelser for samme overtryk, og retningerne på hullerne bestemmer de retninger, hvori smøreolien indsprøjtes.If it is desired for the injection to be in the form of a very finely divided mist of small lubricating oil particles, the overpressure must be relatively high to achieve the fine atomization. If, instead, injection of larger drops or more total jets or fans of lubricating oil, which can be injected through the air vortex into the cylinder and delivered safely to the running surface, is also not required, the pressure does not need to be injected. be quite that big. The injection of larger droplets or of more total jets or fan-shaped injections of the lubricating oil is believed to produce the 20 most advantageous distribution of the cylinder lubricating oil, the larger droplets being less dependent on the movements of the cylinder gases and less sensitive to variations in them. movements. The nozzle geometry can be used to produce the desired form of injection, for example, a larger diameter of the nebulizer hole (s) gives larger droplet sizes for the same overpressure, and the directions of the holes determine the directions in which the lubricating oil is injected.
30 Med den foreliggende opfindelse benævnes leveringen af smøreolie med overtryk gennem forstøverventilen som forstøvning, uanset om cylindersmøreolien indsprøjtes i form af en finfordelt tåge af partikler, som større dråber eller som en stråle-, vifte- eller kugleformet 35 indsprøjtninger af smøreolie.With the present invention, the delivery of overpressure lubricating oil through the nebulizer valve is referred to as atomization, whether the cylinder lubricating oil is injected in the form of a finely divided mist of particles, as larger droplets, or as a jet, fan or spherical injection of lubricating oil.
L_______ 16 DK 176129 B1L_______ 16 DK 176129 B1
Abnetrykket Po afhænger af forstøverventilens placering i cylinderens højderetning. Dette skyldes, at kompressionstrykket i cylinderen stiger i løbet af stemplets opadgående bevægelse. Jo højere oppe i cy-5 lideren, forstøverventilen er monteret, jo høje åbnetryk kræves for opnåelse af det samme overtryk, hvis indsprøjtningen skal ske, inden stemplet i sin op-overgående bevægelse passerer forstøverventilen.Abnormal pressure Po depends on the location of the atomizer valve in the height of the cylinder. This is because the compression pressure in the cylinder increases during the upward movement of the piston. The higher up in the cy-5 ladder the nebulizer valve is mounted, the higher opening pressure is required to achieve the same overpressure if the injection is to take place before the piston in its upward movement passes the nebulizer valve.
Når forstøverventilen er placeret i den nedre halv-10 del af cylinderen, er åbnetrykket Po stort set upåvirket af kompressionstrykket. Hvis forstøverventilen derimod er placeret højt oppe eller øverst i cylinderen, påvirker det varierende kompressionstryk forstøverventilens åbnetryk, fordi kompressionstrykket forplanter 15 sig ind gennem forstøverhul lerne og påvirker ventilnålens areal inden for ventilsædet med en kraft virkende i åbneretningen.When the atomizer valve is located in the lower half of the cylinder, the opening pressure Po is largely unaffected by the compression pressure. On the other hand, if the nebulizer valve is located high up or at the top of the cylinder, the varying compression pressure influences the nebulizer valve's open pressure because the compression pressure propagates through the nebulizer holes and affects the area of the valve needle within the valve seat with a force acting in the opening direction.
Dette giver mulighed for at lade kompressionstrykket være den udløsende faktor for indsprøjtningen, 20 hvilket er illustreret i fig. 7. Den øverste punkterede linie viser her åbnetrykket Po's variation i løbet af motorcyklussen, og den trappeformede fuldstregslinie viser trykstigningen i volumenet 15 som følge af leveringen af smøreolie fra pumpen 6. Trykket i volumenet 25 15 ses at være pumpet op til et niveau, som er højere end det laveste åbnetryk Po, hvilket sikrer indsprøjtning af smøreolie, inden stemplet når topdødpunktet (TDC).This allows the compression pressure to be the triggering factor for the injection, which is illustrated in FIG. 7. The top dotted line here shows the variation in the opening pressure Po during the motor cycle, and the stair-shaped solid line shows the increase in pressure in volume 15 due to the delivery of lubricating oil from the pump 6. The pressure in the volume 25 15 is seen to be pumped up to a level which is higher than the lowest opening pressure Po, which ensures the injection of lubricating oil before the piston reaches the peak dead center (TDC).
Det er uden videre muligt at udforme smørerørene 4 30 med en rørdiameter, der giver et passende volumen 15.It is immediately possible to design the lubrication pipes 4 30 with a pipe diameter which provides a suitable volume 15.
Såfremt der ønskes korte rør, er det naturligvis muligt at tilknytte rørene et særskilt tillægsvolumen, der fortrinsvis er udformet som et fast kammer forbundet med røret eller som en lokal rørudvidelse.Of course, if short tubes are desired, it is possible to attach to the tubes a separate additional volume, preferably formed as a fixed chamber connected to the tube or as a local tube extension.
--—_________ ; 17 DK 176129 B1--—_________; 17 DK 176129 B1
Forstøverventilens lukketryk Pc kan passende være beliggende i intervallet fra 50 til 96 % af åbnetrykket Po, fortrinsvis fra 75 til 95 % af åbnetrykket. Et lavere lukketryk fører til større doseringsmængder med 5 længere intervaller mellem aktiveringerne af forstøverventilen, og vice versa.Suitably, the closing pressure Pc of the nebulizer valve can be in the range of 50 to 96% of the opening pressure Po, preferably 75 to 95% of the opening pressure. A lower closure pressure leads to greater dosage rates at 5 longer intervals between the activations of the nebulizer valve, and vice versa.
Forstøverventilerne giver mulighed for effektiv retningsbestemmelse af smøreolieindsprøjtningen, hvilket åbner for en række friheder i leveringen i forhold 10 til den traditionelle smøreolielevering ved sivende lavt tryk til et smøreoliespor i cylinderens inderside.The nebulizer valves allow for effective directional determination of the lubricating oil injection, which opens up a range of deliveries in relation to the traditional lubricating oil delivery at low pressure to a lubricating oil groove on the inside of the cylinder.
Det er muligt at placere forstøverventilerne i et niveau umiddelbart over skylleluftportene 16 og lade dem sprøjte opad i cylinderen, hvilket muliggør indsprøjt -15 ning ved lavt tryk, uanset om indsprøjtningen sker inden eller efter at stemplet har passeret forstøverventilerne i løbet af kompressionsslaget.It is possible to place the nebulizer valves at a level immediately above the flushing ports 16 and allow them to spray upward into the cylinder, allowing injection at low pressure, whether the injection occurs before or after the piston has passed the nebulizer valves during the compression stroke.
Forstøverventilerne 3 kan også placeres højere oppe i cylinderen, eksempelvis omtrent ved midten af løbe-20 fladen, og strålerne af smøreolie kan så være rettet mod det midterste af foringen eller opad eller nedad mod et højere eller lavere beliggende område af løbe-fladen.The atomizer valves 3 can also be placed higher up in the cylinder, for example approximately at the center of the running surface, and the jets of lubricating oil may then be directed to the middle of the liner or upward or downward to a higher or lower region of the running surface.
Det er også mulig at placere forstøverventileme 3 25 i den øvre del af foringen, hvor de kan sprøjte smøreolie ind på løbefladen, inden stemplet passerer forstøverventilerne.It is also possible to place the nebulizer valves 3 25 in the upper part of the liner where they can inject lubricating oil onto the running surface before the piston passes the nebulizer valves.
Muligheden for retningsbestemt indsprøjtning af cylindersmøreolie giver friheder til at afpasse smøre-30 olieleveringen til cylinderens aktuelle behov. Selv når der i et bestemt niveau af cylinderen er udformet gennemboringer i cylindervæggen for montering af forstøverventilerne, er det muligt at variere på afleveringen af smøreolien på løbefladen ved at dreje ventilerne til L. ____________________ -—__________ OK 1761129 B1 18 at sprøjte smøreolien i andre retninger, såsom mere opad eller nedad.The possibility of directional injection of cylinder lubricating oil provides the freedom to adapt the lubricating oil supply to the current needs of the cylinder. Even when boreholes are formed at a certain level of the cylinder for mounting the nebulizer valves, it is possible to vary the delivery of the lubricating oil on the running surface by turning the valves to L. ____________________ -—__________ OK 1761129 B1 18 to spray the lubricating oil into other directions, such as more upward or downward.
Det er muligt at kombinere detaljer fra de nævnte udførelsesformer til andre udførelsesformer inden for 5 rammerne af de efterfølgende patentkrav. Det er også muligt at gennemføre flere indsprøjtningsforløb af cylindersmøreolie i en cylinder i løbet af en motorcyklus. Endvidere kan indsprøjtningsforløbene variere med motorens driftsbetingelser, hvilket er bekendt fra ek-10 sempelvis ændring af de leverede smøreoliemængder i afhængighed af motorens belastning eller ved belastnings-ændringer, hvor smørebehovet kan være midlertidigt forhøjet.It is possible to combine details of said embodiments to other embodiments within the scope of the following claims. It is also possible to carry out multiple injection lubrication oil cylinders in a cylinder during a motor cycle. In addition, the injection processes may vary with the operating conditions of the engine, which is known from, for example, changing the delivered lubricating oil quantities depending on the load of the engine or by load changes where the lubrication requirement may be temporarily increased.
15 _ /15 _ /
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK200101734A DK176129B1 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2001-11-20 | Method of atomizing lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine |
| CN02118872A CN1384274A (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-04-29 | Method of injecting lubricant oil into cylinder of internal combustion engine |
| JP2002130267A JP3898083B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-02 | Method for injecting lubricating oil into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine |
| DE2002120015 DE10220015A1 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-04 | Injecting lubricating oil into internal combustion engine cylinder involves storing oil in chamber between non-return valve and dosing valve until pressure in chamber exceeds opening pressure |
| KR1020020024671A KR20020085808A (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-05-06 | A method of injecting lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA200100713 | 2001-05-07 | ||
| DK200101734 | 2001-11-20 | ||
| DK200101734A DK176129B1 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2001-11-20 | Method of atomizing lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine |
| DK200100713 | 2001-11-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK200101734A DK200101734A (en) | 2002-11-08 |
| DK176129B1 true DK176129B1 (en) | 2006-09-11 |
Family
ID=26069014
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK200101734A DK176129B1 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2001-11-20 | Method of atomizing lubricating oil in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3898083B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20020085808A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1384274A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10220015A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK176129B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH697582B1 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2008-12-15 | Schaller Automation | Method and apparatus for controlling the supply of lubricant to the cylinder running surface of a piston of a reciprocating motor. |
| ATE403070T1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2008-08-15 | Waertsilae Nsd Schweiz Ag | CYLINDER LUBRICATION SYSTEM FOR A RECIPIENT COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| WO2007132071A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-22 | Mrcc Industries Sas | Lubrication and cooling of rotary piston engines |
| JP4893467B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2012-03-07 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉ | Method and apparatus for preventing scuffing of marine internal combustion engines |
| JP5200203B2 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2013-06-05 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石シッピング株式会社 | Pressure wave oil feeding type cylinder lubricator |
| DK2177720T3 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2014-06-30 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Large diesel engine |
| CN101749530B (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2013-12-04 | 上海宇航系统工程研究所 | Method for confirming vacuum grease adding amount in spatial mechanism bearing |
| EP2484875B1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2013-11-27 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Cylinder lubrication device |
| DK177242B1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-08-06 | Hans Jensen Lubricators As | Injector, metering system and method for injecting cylinder lubricating oil into large cylinders in a diesel engine |
| DK177356B1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-02-18 | Man Diesel & Turbo Deutschland | Fuel pump for a large turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine |
| CN103470392B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-07-01 | 庄景阳 | Lubricating device for ignition angle control cylinder |
| CN103470386B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-01-13 | 庄景阳 | The lubricating fitting of clutch brake asynchronous controlling cylinder |
| CN103628948B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-11-18 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of free piston IC generator jet lubrication device |
| KR102515916B1 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2023-03-30 | 한스 옌젠 루브리케이터스 에이/에스 | A method and a system for lubricating a large slow-running two-stroke engine with SIP lubricant injector |
| JP7309110B2 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2023-07-18 | 株式会社三井E&S Du | engine system |
| DK179750B1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-05-07 | Hans Jensen Lubricators A/S | Large slow-running two-stroke engine and method of lubri-cating such engine, as well as an injector with an electric pumping system for such engine and method |
| WO2021213603A1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | Hans Jensen Lubricators A/S | Method for lubricating large slow-running marine diesel engines |
-
2001
- 2001-11-20 DK DK200101734A patent/DK176129B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-29 CN CN02118872A patent/CN1384274A/en active Pending
- 2002-05-02 JP JP2002130267A patent/JP3898083B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-04 DE DE2002120015 patent/DE10220015A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-06 KR KR1020020024671A patent/KR20020085808A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1384274A (en) | 2002-12-11 |
| JP3898083B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| KR20020085808A (en) | 2002-11-16 |
| DK200101734A (en) | 2002-11-08 |
| JP2002349224A (en) | 2002-12-04 |
| DE10220015A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
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Expiry date: 20211120 |