WO2014124582A1 - 一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014124582A1 WO2014124582A1 PCT/CN2013/088569 CN2013088569W WO2014124582A1 WO 2014124582 A1 WO2014124582 A1 WO 2014124582A1 CN 2013088569 W CN2013088569 W CN 2013088569W WO 2014124582 A1 WO2014124582 A1 WO 2014124582A1
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- sheet
- friction
- stirring rod
- plate
- aluminum alloy
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy and a composite material thereof, and more particularly to a method for preparing an ultrafine grain aluminum alloy and a composite material thereof by a friction stir method.
- Grain refinement can effectively improve the material strength, and at the same time, the plasticity and toughness of the material can be greatly improved, so the application potential of the ultrafine grain material having a grain size smaller than lm is huge; at present, the preparation method of the ultrafine grain material It mainly includes spray deposition method, mechanical grinding method, mechanical alloying method, amorphous crystallization method, friction and compression method, electrolytic deposition method, rapid solidification method and strong plastic deformation method; however, the above methods are limited by their respective techniques. For example, the process of jet deposition is complicated, and the process of amorphization by amorphous crystallization is difficult, and it is still possible to realize industrial applications.
- Friction stir processing is a new technology for the preparation of fine-grained materials. This method uses the stirring head to cause severe plastic deformation, mixing, crushing and heat exposure of the material in the processing zone to achieve densification and homogenization of the microstructure of the material.
- the basic process of the method is: after the rotation of the stirring head is started, the material to be processed is inserted at a certain speed; After a period of time, the material in the vicinity of the stirring head is sufficiently frictional heat to be softened and deformed; at this time, the treatment can be carried out, and the thermoplasticized material is continuously transferred backward by the stirring head, and the material can be under the action of a certain forging pressure.
- the present invention provides a method for preparing an ultrafine grain aluminum alloy and a composite material thereof, the principle of which is: by friction heating in a thickness direction of a plate of a certain thickness, and then by partial pressure and across the entire plate width
- the stirring action of the stirring rod connects the large flat parts of the plate together to realize the material organization while achieving the connection Refining; the method is heated over the entire width of the material to achieve a larger range of agitation refinement; and the use of a partial pressurization method allows a smaller device to apply more pressure to the portion to be joined, and more Conducive to the walking of the stirring rod.
- the present invention provides a method for preparing an ultrafine crystal aluminum alloy and a composite material thereof, specifically: firstly preparing an aluminum alloy or an aluminum matrix composite material into a sheet material, and then the sheet material and a block of the same material with a certain thickness The body material is laminated, the plate is heated under pressure by a friction heating component, the plate and the block material are heated to a specified temperature, and then a rotating stirring rod is introduced between the plate and the block material, and the friction heating part and the stirring are performed.
- the rods are moved from one end of the sheet to the other end, and are stirred while being pressed until the stirring rod is removed from the material; then another sheet of the same material is attached to the large plane of the sheet, and the above process is repeated to realize the connection, so that the connection is continuously
- the new sheet material until the desired thickness is reached, removes the original bulk material portion to obtain a bulk fine-grained material.
- the sheet material referred to refers to an aluminum alloy or a particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material sheet having a thickness of 3 to 6 mm and a width of 50 to 160 mm.
- the bulk material of the same material of a certain thickness refers to an aluminum alloy or aluminum-based composite material having a thickness of 5 to 10 mm, a length, a width, and a material similar to that of a sheet material.
- the friction heating component refers to a friction heating component consisting of 5 to 8 rotatable friction heads, and the side of the friction head and the plate is formed into a common shape of the current friction grinding shoulder, such as The concentric convex ring shape, the diameter of the friction head is 9 ⁇ 18mm, the distance between adjacent friction heads is l ⁇ 2mm, and the wider the plate, the more the number of friction heads.
- the pressure action involved means that the friction heating member is bonded to the surface of the sheet material at a compressive stress of 0.5 to 5.0 MPa.
- the heating to the specified temperature refers to heating the plate by the friction heating component, and heating the block material through the plate, the heating temperature is 0.8 ⁇ 0.9T m , wherein 1 crawl is the melting point of the plate, and the unit is K.
- the stirring rod involved refers to a high-speed steel cylindrical rod with a diameter of 4 to 8 mm and a standard thread.
- the length of the stirring rod is equal to the width of the sheet, and the longer the length, the larger the diameter.
- the thermal insulation baffle refers to a baffle made of heat-resistant thermal insulation material, such as fire-resistant cotton, having a diameter of 8 to 15 mm and a thickness of 10 to 15 mm, and the heat-insulating baffles on both sides are integrated with the stirring rod.
- the stirring rod is connected centrally with the heat insulating baffle.
- the friction heating member involved moves from one end of the sheet to the other end together with the stirring rod, which means that the friction heating member is in front, the stirring rod is behind, the symmetric center line of the friction heating member along the width direction of the sheet and the central axis of the stirring rod
- the horizontal distance is 5 ⁇ 10mm apart and moves from one end of the plate to the other at the same moving speed of 30 ⁇ 80mm/min.
- the method proposed by the invention has the advantages that: the heating range is wider, the pressure is larger, the equipment arrangement is more flexible, the material organization is more uniform, and the aluminum alloy can be processed or compared with the prior method.
- the aluminum-based composite material is processed, and the principle can also be applied to other alloy materials and composite materials thereof, and a large-sized ultra-fine crystal material can be obtained.
- 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the present invention, wherein 1 is a sheet to be processed, 2 is a friction heating member, and 3 is a stirring rod.
- 4 is a heat preservation baffle
- 5 is a block material of the same material or a processed material
- 2 is a friction heating member of the present invention, wherein 1 is a friction head and 2 is a friction heating member frame.
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of the A356 alloy; wherein (a) is a conventional metal type casting; (b) is an ultrafine crystal prepared by the present invention.
- This embodiment specifically implements a method for preparing an ultrafine grain A356 alloy: firstly, the A356 alloy is prepared into a plate having a thickness of 3 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 200 mm, and then the plate is made of A356 alloy material having a thickness of 5 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 200 mm. Fitting, heating the sheet with a friction heating element under a compressive stress of 0.5 MPa, heating the sheet and the above block material to 550 ° C, and then introducing a rotating stirring rod between the sheet and the bulk material; friction heating part It consists of 5 rotatable friction heads.
- the side of the friction head and the plate is made into a plurality of concentric convex rings.
- the diameter of the friction head is 9mm, the distance between adjacent friction heads is 1mm; the stirring rod is 4mm in diameter. , 50mm length, high-speed steel cylindrical rod with standard thread, the stirring rod is integrated with the heat-insulating baffles on both sides, and the stirring rod is connected with the heat-insulating baffle.
- the heat-insulating baffle has a diameter of 8mm and a thickness of 10mm.
- the stirring rod is followed by the friction heating part, and the friction heating element applies a compressive stress of 0.5 MPa to the surface of the sheet, and the stirring rod rotates at a speed of 80 0 rpm;
- the friction heating part is in front, the stirring rod is in the rear, the symmetrical center line of the friction heating part along the width direction of the sheet is 5 mm away from the horizontal axis of the stirring rod, and the same moving speed of 30 mm/min is used together from the end of the sheet.
- This embodiment specifically implements a method for preparing an ultrafine crystal 6061 alloy: firstly, 6061 alloy is prepared into a plate having a thickness of 6 mm, a width of 160 mm, and a length of 500 mm, and then the plate is made of a 6061 alloy material having a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 160 mm, and a length of 500 mm. Fitting, heating the sheet with a friction heating element under a compressive stress of 5.0 MPa, heating the sheet and the above block material to 450 ° C, and then introducing a rotating stirring rod between the sheet and the bulk material; friction heating part It consists of 8 rotatable friction heads. The side of the friction head and the plate is made into a plurality of concentric convex rings.
- the diameter of the friction head is 18mm, the distance between adjacent friction heads is 2mm; the stirring rod is 8mm in diameter. 160mm long, high-speed steel cylindrical rod with standard thread, the stirring rod is integrated with the heat-insulating baffles on both sides, and the stirring rod is connected with the heat-insulating baffle; the heat-insulating baffle has a diameter of 15mm and a thickness of 15mm.
- the stirring rod is followed by the friction heating part, and the friction heating element applies a compressive stress of 5.0 MPa to the surface of the sheet, stir
- the rotation speed of the mixing rod is 1200 rpm; in the process, the friction heating part is in front, the stirring rod is in the back, the symmetrical center line of the friction heating part along the width direction of the sheet is 10 mm from the horizontal axis of the stirring rod, and the same is 80 mm/min.
- the moving speed is moved together from one end of the sheet to the other until the stirring rod moves out of the material.
- This embodiment specifically implements a method for preparing a fine-grained SiC p /6061 composite material: First, a SiC/6061 composite material is prepared into a sheet having a thickness of 6 mm, a width of 160 mm, and a length of 400 mm, and then the sheet has a thickness of 10 mm and a width of 160 mm.
- the SiC/6061 composite material with a length of 400 mm is laminated, and the sheet is heated by a friction heating member under a compressive stress of 3.0 MPa, and the sheet and the above-mentioned bulk material are heated to 500 ° C, and then introduced between the sheet and the bulk material.
- Rotating stirring rod; friction heating part consists of 8 rotatable friction heads, the side of the friction head and the sheet is made into a plurality of concentric convex rings, the diameter of the friction head is 18mm, between adjacent friction heads The distance between the two is 2mm; the stirring rod is 8mm in diameter and 160mm in length, with high-speed steel cylindrical rod with standard thread.
- the stirring rod is integrated with the heat-insulating baffles on both sides.
- the stirring rod is connected with the thermal insulation baffle.
- the diameter of the thermal insulation baffle is 15mm.
- This embodiment specifically implements a method for preparing an ultrafine grained TiCp/A356 composite material: firstly, a TiC p /A356 composite material is prepared into a plate having a thickness of 5 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a length of 300 mm, and then the plate has a thickness of 8 mm and a width of 100 mm.
- TiC p / A356 composite material with a length of 300mm is laminated, and the plate is heated by a friction heating element under a compressive stress of 2.0 MPa, and the plate and the above block material are heated to 500 ° C, followed by the plate and the block material.
- a rotating stirring rod is introduced;
- the friction heating part is composed of 6 rotatable friction heads, and the side of the friction head and the sheet is made of a plurality of concentric convex rings, the diameter of the friction head is 15 mm, the adjacent friction head The distance between the two is 2mm;
- the stirring rod is a high-speed steel cylindrical rod with a diameter of 6mm and a length of 100mm.
- the stirring rod is integrated with the heat-insulating baffles on both sides, and the stirring rod is connected centrally with the heat-insulating baffle.
- the heat-insulating baffle has a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 12 mm, and is made of refractory cotton.
- the stirring rod is followed by the friction heating member, and a compressive stress of 2.0 MPa is applied to the surface of the plate by the friction heating member, and the rotation speed of the stirring rod is It is lOOOO rpm; in this process, the friction heating part is in front, the stirring rod is in the back, the symmetrical center line of the friction heating part along the width direction of the sheet is 8 mm horizontal distance from the axis of the stirring rod, and the same moving speed of 60 mm/min is used together from the sheet.
- TiCp/A356 composite material sheet with a thickness of 5 mm, a width of 100 mm and a length of 300 mm is attached to the large plane of the above-mentioned sheet, and the above process is repeated to realize the connection.
- a new sheet is joined until the desired thickness of 150 mm is reached, and the first 8 mm thick portion of the bulk material is removed to obtain a bulk fine grained TiC p /A356 composite.
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Abstract
一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法，包括首先将铝合金或者铝基复合材料制备成板材，然后将板材与一定厚度的相同材质的块体材料（5）贴合，采用摩擦加热部件（2）在压力作用下对板材进行加热，将板材与上述块体材料（5）加热到指定温度，随后在板材与块体材料（5）之间引入旋转的搅拌杆（3），边施压边搅拌，同时摩擦加热部件（2）与搅拌杆（3）一起从板材一端向另一端移动，直至搅拌杆（3）移出材料；然后在上述板材的大平面上贴合上另一块相同材质的板材，重复上述过程实现连接，如此不断连接上新的板材，直到达到要求的厚度，去除最初的块体材料（5）部分即得到块体细晶材料。
Description
一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及铝合金及其复合材料， 具体而言为涉及一种采用搅拌摩擦方法制备超 细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法。
技术背景
[0002] 晶粒细化可以有效提高材料强度， 同时对材料塑性和韧性也能有很大改善， 因此 晶粒尺寸小于 l m 的超细晶材料应用潜力巨大； 目前， 超细晶材料的制备方法主要包 括喷射沉积法、 机械研磨法、 机械合金化法、 非晶晶化法、 摩擦压扭法、 电解沉积法、 快速凝固法和强烈塑性变形法等； 但是， 上述方法由于各自的技术限制， 如喷射沉积法 工艺复杂、 非晶晶化法实现非晶化过程比较困难等， 目前还位能实现工业应用。
[0003] 搅拌摩擦加工是一种全新的细晶材料制备技术， 该方法利用搅拌头造成加工区材 料的剧烈塑性变形、 混合、 破碎和热暴露， 实现材料显微组织的致密化、 均匀化和细化; 采用该技术制备晶粒尺寸为纳米级的细晶铝合金， 其强度和塑性都得到很大提高； 该方 法的基本过程是： 搅拌头旋转启动后， 以一定速度插入待处理材料； 停留一段时间， 搅 拌头附近区域的材料得到足够的摩擦热而出现软化变形； 此时可以进行处理， 热塑化的 材料不断被搅拌头向后转移， 这部分材料在一定锻压力的作用下可以与周围材料形成牢 固的扩散连接； 搅拌摩擦加工过程中， 在热和机械的双重作用下， 材料发生剧烈的塑性 变形和回复再结晶， 促使晶粒细化， 使材料组织均匀致密， 缺陷减少； 目前， 该技术主 要用于改善各种铸造合金的微观组织， 从而提高合金的综合性能。
[0004] 然而， 研究表明， 由于搅拌摩擦加工的加热方式为由一端进行加热， 材料的加工 厚度受到很大限制， 目前加工的材料一般为板类， 切厚度在 10mm以下； 同时， 只有通 过增加 FSP道次来提高材料组织的均匀性和得到大范围的 FSP材料， 但仍不能得到完全 意义上的组织分布均匀； 从目前研究来看， 在 FSP的实现方式上未能脱离 FSW模式， 这 就从根本上难于解决材料微观结构不均匀现象。 因此， 迫切需要开发基于 FSP基本思想 的材料制备新工艺， 以突破组织均匀性和材料厚度的瓶颈。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明提出一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其原理是： 通过对一定 厚度的板材在厚度方向上进行摩擦加热， 然后通过局部加压并采用跨越整个板材宽度的 搅拌杆的搅拌作用， 将板材的大平面部分连接在一起， 在实现连接的同时实现材料组织
的细化； 该方法在材料整个宽度上加热， 可实现搅拌细化的范围更大； 而局部加压方式 的采用， 可以用更小的设备对需要连接的部分施加更大的压力， 更加有利于搅拌杆的行 走。
[0006] 本发明提出一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 具体而言为： 首先将铝 合金或者铝基复合材料制备成板材，然后将板材与一定厚度的相同材质的块体材料贴合， 采用摩擦加热部件在压力作用下对板材进行加热， 将板材与上述块体材料加热到指定温 度， 随后在板材与块体材料之间引入旋转的搅拌杆， 摩擦加热部件与搅拌杆一起从板材 一端向另一端移动， 边施压边搅拌， 直至搅拌杆移出材料； 然后在上述板材的大平面上 贴合上另一块相同材质的板材， 重复上述过程实现连接， 如此不断连接上新的板材， 直 到达到要求的厚度， 去除最初的块体材料部分即得到块体细晶材料。
[0007] 所涉及的板材， 是指厚度为 3~6mm、宽度为 50~160mm的铝合金或者颗粒增强铝 基复合材料板材。
[0008] 所涉及的一定厚度的相同材质的块体材料， 是指厚度为 5~10mm， 长度、 宽度及 材质与板材相同的铝合金或者铝基复合材料。
[0009] 所涉及的摩擦加热部件， 是指由 5~8个可旋转的摩擦头组成的摩擦加热部件， 摩 擦头与板材贴合的一面做成目前搅拌摩擦加工轴肩常见的形状，如多道同心凸起圆环状， 摩擦头的直径为 9~18mm， 相邻摩擦头之间相距 l~2mm， 板材越宽摩擦头个数越多。
[0010] 所涉及的压力作用，是指将摩擦加热部件以 0.5~5.0MPa的压应力贴合指定在板材 的表面。
[0011] 所涉及的加热到指定温度， 是指通过摩擦加热部件对板材加热， 并通过板材对块 体材料进行加热， 加热温度为 0.8~0.9Tm， 其中 1„为板材的熔点， 单位是 K。
[0012] 所涉及的搅拌杆， 是指直径 4~8mm， 带有标准螺纹的高速钢圆柱杆， 搅拌杆的长 度与板材的宽度相等， 长度越长， 直径越大。
[0013] 所涉及的保温挡板， 是指直径为 8~15mm、 厚度为 10~15mm的由耐热保温材料， 如耐火棉制作的挡板， 两侧的保温挡板与搅拌杆做成一体， 搅拌杆与保温挡板居中连接。
[0014] 所涉及的摩擦加热部件与搅拌杆一起从板材一端向另一端移动， 是指摩擦加热部 件在前， 搅拌杆在后， 摩擦加热部件沿板材宽度方向的对称中心线与搅拌杆中轴线水平 距离相距 5~10mm， 以 30~80mm/min的相同移动速度一起从板材一端向另一端移动。
[0015] 所涉及的边施压边搅拌， 是指搅拌杆紧跟摩擦加热部件， 并由摩擦加热部件对板
材表面施加 0.5~5.0MPa的压应力， 搅拌杆的旋转速度为 800~1200rpm。
[0016] 本发明提出的方法的优点在于： 与现有方法相比， 加热的范围更宽， 压力更大， 设备布置更加灵活， 材料组织更均匀， 既可以对铝合金进行处理， 也可以对铝基复合材 料进行处理， 其原理还可用于其它合金材料及其复合材料， 可以获得大尺寸超细晶材料。 附图说明
[0017] 图 1为本发明装置示意图，其中 1为待加工板材， 2为摩擦加热部件， 3为搅拌杆，
4为保温挡板， 5为相同材质的块体材料或已加工过的材料；
图 2为本发明为摩擦加热部件， 其中 1为摩擦头， 2为摩擦加热部件框架。
[0018] 图 3为 A356合金的显微组织照片； 其中 （a) 为常规金属型铸造； （b) 为本发明 制备的超细晶。
具体实施方式
[0019] 本发明可以根据以下实例实施， 但不限于以下实例； 在本发明中所使用的术语， 除非有另外说明， 一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义； 应理解， 这些实施例 只是为了举例说明本发明， 而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围； 在以下的实施例中， 未 详细描述的各种过程和方法是本领域中公知的常规方法。
[0020] 实施例 1
本实施例具体实施一种制备超细晶 A356合金的方法：首先将 A356合金制备成厚度 3mm、 宽度 50mm、 长度 200mm的板材， 然后将板材与厚度为 5mm、 宽度 50mm、 长度 200mm 的 A356合金材料贴合， 在 0.5MPa压应力作用下采用摩擦加热部件对板材进行加热， 将 板材与上述块体材料加热到 550°C，随后在板材与块体材料之间引入旋转的搅拌杆；摩擦 加热部件由 5个可旋转的摩擦头组成， 摩擦头与板材贴合的一面做成多道同心凸起圆环 状，摩擦头的直径为 9mm，相邻摩擦头之间相距 1mm;搅拌杆为直径 4mm、长度 50mm， 带有标准螺纹的高速钢圆柱杆， 搅拌杆与两侧的保温挡板做成一体， 搅拌杆与保温挡板 居中连接， 保温挡板直径为 8mm、 厚度为 10mm， 由耐火棉制作而成； 搅拌过程中， 搅 拌杆紧跟摩擦加热部件， 并由摩擦加热部件对板材表面施加 0.5MPa的压应力， 搅拌杆的 旋转速度为 800rpm; 该过程中， 摩擦加热部件在前， 搅拌杆在后， 摩擦加热部件沿板材 宽度方向的对称中心线与搅拌杆中轴线水平距离相距 5mm， 以 30mm/min的相同移动速 度一起从板材一端向另一端移动， 直至搅拌杆移出材料； 然后， 在上述板材的大平面上 贴合上另一块厚度 3mm、 宽度 50mm、 长度 200mm的 A356合金板材， 重复上述过程实
现连接， 如此不断连接上新的板材， 直到达到要求的厚度 60mm， 去除最初 5mm厚的块 体材料部分， 得到块体细晶 A356合金材料； 从图 3可以看出， 细晶 A356合金中 α相明 显细化， α相晶粒由常规金属型的平均 40 m细化到低于 ΙΟ μ ηι, 且晶粒尺寸均匀， 共 晶硅呈细小颗粒状。
[0021] 实施例 2
本实施例具体实施一种制备超细晶 6061合金的方法：首先将 6061合金制备成厚度 6mm、 宽度 160mm、长度 500mm的板材，然后将板材与厚度为 10mm、宽度 160mm、长度 500mm 的 6061合金材料贴合， 在 5.0MPa压应力作用下采用摩擦加热部件对板材进行加热， 将 板材与上述块体材料加热到 450°C，随后在板材与块体材料之间引入旋转的搅拌杆；摩擦 加热部件由 8个可旋转的摩擦头组成， 摩擦头与板材贴合的一面做成多道同心凸起圆环 状，摩擦头的直径为 18mm，相邻摩擦头之间相距 2mm;搅拌杆为直径 8mm、长度 160mm， 带有标准螺纹的高速钢圆柱杆， 搅拌杆与两侧的保温挡板做成一体， 搅拌杆与保温挡板 居中连接； 保温挡板直径为 15mm、 厚度为 15mm， 由耐火棉制作而成； 搅拌过程中， 搅 拌杆紧跟摩擦加热部件， 并由摩擦加热部件对板材表面施加 5.0MPa的压应力， 搅拌杆的 旋转速度为 1200rpm; 该过程中， 摩擦加热部件在前， 搅拌杆在后， 摩擦加热部件沿板 材宽度方向的对称中心线与搅拌杆中轴线水平距离相距 10mm，以 80mm/min的相同移动 速度一起从板材一端向另一端移动， 直至搅拌杆移出材料。 然后， 在上述板材的大平面 上贴合上另一块厚度 6mm、 宽度 160mm、长度 500mm的 6061合金板材， 重复上述过程 实现连接， 如此不断连接上新的板材， 直到达到要求的厚度 200mm， 去除最初 10mm厚 的块体材料部分， 得到块体细晶 6061合金材料。
[0022] 实施例 3
本实施例具体实施一种制备细晶 SiCp/6061复合材料的方法： 首先将 SiC/6061复合材料 制备成厚度 6mm、 宽度 160mm、 长度 400mm的板材， 然后将板材与厚度为 10mm、 宽 度 160mm、 长度 400mm的 SiC/6061复合材料贴合， 在 3.0MPa压应力作用下采用摩擦 加热部件对板材进行加热，将板材与上述块体材料加热到 500°C， 随后在板材与块体材料 之间引入旋转的搅拌杆； 摩擦加热部件由 8个可旋转的摩擦头组成， 摩擦头与板材贴合 的一面做成多道同心凸起圆环状， 摩擦头的直径为 18mm， 相邻摩擦头之间相距 2mm; 搅拌杆为直径 8mm、 长度 160mm， 带有标准螺纹的高速钢圆柱杆， 搅拌杆与两侧的保温 挡板做成一体， 搅拌杆与保温挡板居中连接； 保温挡板直径为 15mm、 厚度为 15mm， 由
耐火棉制作而成； 搅拌过程中， 搅拌杆紧跟摩擦加热部件， 并由摩擦加热部件对板材表 面施加 3.0MPa的压应力，搅拌杆的旋转速度为 lOOOrpm;该过程中，摩擦加热部件在前， 搅拌杆在后， 摩擦加热部件沿板材宽度方向的对称中心线与搅拌杆中轴线水平距离相距 10mm, 以 70mm/min的相同移动速度一起从板材一端向另一端移动， 直至搅拌杆移出材 料； 然后， 在上述板材的大平面上贴合上另一块厚度 6mm、 宽度 160mm、 长度 400mm 的 SiCp/6061复合材料板材， 重复上述过程实现连接， 如此不断连接上新的板材， 直到达 到要求的厚度 150mm， 去除最初 10mm厚的块体材料部分， 得到块体细晶 SiCp/6061复 合材料。
[0023] 实施例 4
本实施例具体实施一种制备超细晶 TiCp/A356复合材料的方法：首先将 TiCp/A356复合材 料制备成厚度 5mm、 宽度 100mm、 长度 300mm的板材， 然后将板材与厚度为 8mm、 宽 度 100mm、 长度 300mm的 TiCp/A356复合材料贴合， 在 2.0MPa压应力作用下采用摩擦 加热部件对板材进行加热，将板材与上述块体材料加热到 500°C， 随后在板材与块体材料 之间引入旋转的搅拌杆； 摩擦加热部件由 6个可旋转的摩擦头组成， 摩擦头与板材贴合 的一面做成多道同心凸起圆环状， 摩擦头的直径为 15mm， 相邻摩擦头之间相距 2mm; 搅拌杆为直径 6mm、 长度 100mm, 带有标准螺纹的高速钢圆柱杆， 搅拌杆与两侧的保温 挡板做成一体， 搅拌杆与保温挡板居中连接。 保温挡板直径为 10mm、 厚度为 12mm， 由 耐火棉制作而成； 搅拌过程中， 搅拌杆紧跟摩擦加热部件， 并由摩擦加热部件对板材表 面施加 2.0MPa的压应力，搅拌杆的旋转速度为 lOOOrpm;该过程中，摩擦加热部件在前， 搅拌杆在后， 摩擦加热部件沿板材宽度方向的对称中心线与搅拌杆中轴线水平距离相距 8mm, 以 60mm/min的相同移动速度一起从板材一端向另一端移动， 直至搅拌杆移出材 料； 然后， 在上述板材的大平面上贴合上另一块厚度 5mm、 宽度 100mm、 长度 300mm 的 TiCp/A356 复合材料板材， 重复上述过程实现连接， 如此不断连接上新的板材， 直到 达到要求的厚度 150mm， 去除最初 8mm厚的块体材料部分， 得到块体细晶 TiCp/A356 复合材料。
Claims
1. 一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于包括如下步骤： 首先将铝合 金或者铝基复合材料制备成板材， 然后将板材与一定厚度的相同材质的块体材料贴合， 采用摩擦加热部件在压力作用下对板材进行加热， 将板材与上述块体材料加热到指定温 度， 随后在板材与块体材料之间引入旋转的搅拌杆， 摩擦加热部件与搅拌杆一起从板材 一端向另一端移动， 边施压边搅拌， 直至搅拌杆移出材料； 然后在上述板材的大平面上 贴合上另一块相同材质的板材， 重复上述过程实现连接， 如此不断连接上新的板材， 直 到达到要求的厚度， 去除最初的块体材料部分即得到块体细晶材料。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的板材， 是指厚度为 3~6mm、 宽度为 50~160mm的铝合金或者颗粒增强铝基复合材料板 材。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的一定厚度的相同材质的块体材料， 是指厚度为 5~10mm， 长度、 宽度及材质与板材相同 的铝合金或者颗粒增强铝基复合材料。
4. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的摩擦加热部件， 是指由 5~8 个可旋转的摩擦头组成的摩擦加热部件， 摩擦头与板材贴 合的一面做成目前搅拌摩擦加工轴肩常见的多道同心凸起圆环状， 摩擦头的直径为 9~18mm, 相邻摩擦头之间相距 l~2mm， 板材越宽摩擦头个数越多。
5. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的压力作用， 是指将摩擦加热部件以 0.5~5.0MPa的压应力贴合指定在板材的表面。
6. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的加热到指定温度， 是指通过摩擦加热部件对板材加热， 并通过板材对块体材料进行加 热， 加热温度为 0.8~0.9Tm， 其中 1„为板材的熔点， 单位是 K。
7. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的搅拌杆， 是指直径 4~8mm， 带有标准螺纹的高速钢圆柱杆， 搅拌杆的长度与板材的宽 度相等， 长度越长， 直径越大。
8. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的保温挡板， 是指直径为 8~15mm、 厚度为 10~15mm的由耐热保温材料制作的挡板， 两 侧的保温挡板与搅拌杆做成一体， 搅拌杆与保温挡板居中连接。
9. 如权利要求 1 所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述
的摩擦加热部件与搅拌杆一起从板材一端向另一端移动， 是指摩擦加热部件在前， 搅拌 杆在后， 摩擦加热部件沿板材宽度方向的对称中心线与搅拌杆中轴线水平距离相距 5~10mm, 以 30~80mm/min的相同移动速度一起从板材一端向另一端移动。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的一种制备超细晶铝合金及其复合材料的方法， 其特征在于： 所述 的边施压边搅拌， 是指搅拌杆紧跟摩擦加热部件， 并由摩擦加热部件对板材表面施加 0.5~5.0MPa 的压应力， 施加的压力应与摩擦加热部件对板材加热时施加的压力相等， 搅 拌杆的旋转速度为 800~1200rpm。
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| CN104711500B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-02-08 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 铝硅合金及铝硅复合材料的表层组织细化与表面硬化方法 |
| CN107627020A (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-26 | 清华大学 | 铝基复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN107557626B (zh) * | 2017-10-09 | 2019-02-01 | 燕山大学 | 一种制备各向异性铝合金板材的方法 |
| CN114571058A (zh) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-03 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种大尺寸块体超细晶金属材料的固态增材制造方法 |
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