WO2014115303A1 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014115303A1 WO2014115303A1 PCT/JP2013/051596 JP2013051596W WO2014115303A1 WO 2014115303 A1 WO2014115303 A1 WO 2014115303A1 JP 2013051596 W JP2013051596 W JP 2013051596W WO 2014115303 A1 WO2014115303 A1 WO 2014115303A1
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- fuel ratio
- nox
- air
- ammonia
- exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/904—Multiple catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
- NSR catalyst NOx storage reduction catalyst
- SCR catalyst selective reduction NOx catalyst
- the NSR catalyst stores NOx in the exhaust when the oxygen concentration of the inflowing exhaust gas is high, and reduces the stored NOx when the oxygen concentration of the inflowing exhaust gas decreases and a reducing agent is present.
- the SCR catalyst selectively reduces NOx with a reducing agent.
- an SCR catalyst is provided on the downstream side of the NSR catalyst, and the amount of reducing agent supplied to the SCR catalyst is determined according to the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas flowing into the SCR catalyst.
- a NOx sensor is provided downstream of the NSR catalyst and upstream of the SCR catalyst.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to discharge ammonia from the selective reduction NOx catalyst when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the storage reduction NOx catalyst decreases. It is to suppress doing.
- the present invention provides: An occlusion reduction provided in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine that occludes NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and reduces the NOx occluded when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is less than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- Type NOx catalyst A selective reduction type NOx catalyst which is provided in an exhaust passage downstream of the NOx storage reduction catalyst and reduces NOx using ammonia as a reducing agent;
- a NOx sensor for detecting concentrations of NOx and ammonia in the exhaust gas in an exhaust passage downstream of the NOx storage reduction catalyst and upstream of the selective reduction NOx catalyst;
- An air-fuel ratio lowering section in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage reduction catalyst is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio;
- An ammonia supply device for supplying ammonia from the upstream side of the selective reduction type NOx catalyst;
- a control device for determining the amount of ammonia to be supplied from the ammonia supply device based on a detection value of the NOx sensor;
- an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising: When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage reduction catalyst is made lower than or equal to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by
- the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia supply device is smaller than when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Less.
- the detection value of the NOx sensor is corrected or the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia supply device is corrected.
- the control device detects the detected value of the NOx sensor. May be corrected.
- the corrected NOx concentration is greater when the exhaust air-fuel ratio is less than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio than when the exhaust air-fuel ratio is greater than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Is corrected so as to be low.
- the detection value of the NOx sensor may be corrected in consideration of effects other than ammonia released from the NSR catalyst. Even when such correction is performed, the detected value of the NOx sensor is further corrected when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- the coefficient may be reduced.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor may be made smaller by a predetermined value than when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- control device supplies the ammonia from the ammonia supply device when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage reduction catalyst is made lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by the air-fuel ratio reduction unit.
- the amount of ammonia to be corrected may be corrected.
- the ammonia supply amount may be corrected so that the ammonia amount decreases.
- the ammonia supply amount may be reduced by a predetermined value compared to when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- control device is configured to detect the detected value of the NOx sensor when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage reduction catalyst is made equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by the air-fuel ratio reduction unit. Use can be restricted.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor may be corrected based on the detected value of the NOx sensor when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust is higher than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Further, during a period in which the air-fuel ratio is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the detected value of the NOx sensor may be treated as 0 ppm. That is, the detected value of the NOx sensor may be corrected so that the detected value of the NOx sensor becomes 0 ppm.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor before the air-fuel ratio is made lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio may be used during the period when the air-fuel ratio is lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. That is, the detected value of the NOx sensor may be corrected so that it becomes the detected value of the NOx sensor before the air-fuel ratio is made lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio during the period when the air-fuel ratio is lower than the theoretical air-fuel ratio. .
- the NOx sensor is set such that the detected value of the NOx sensor before the air-fuel ratio is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and the detected value of the NOx sensor when the air-fuel ratio is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio are average values.
- the detected value may be corrected. These facilitate the correction of the detection value of the NOx sensor.
- control device is configured such that the value of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage reduction catalyst is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by the air-fuel ratio reduction unit.
- the detection of the NOx sensor by ammonia generated in the NOx storage reduction catalyst based on at least one of the temperature of the NOx storage reduction catalyst or the amount of NOx stored in the NOx storage reduction catalyst By calculating a change amount of the value and subtracting the change amount from the detection value of the NOx sensor, the detection value of the NOx sensor can be corrected.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor changes due to ammonia flowing out of the NSR catalyst
- the detected value is corrected by removing the change due to ammonia from the detected value.
- the amount of ammonia produced in the NSR catalyst changes according to the value of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust, the temperature of the NSR catalyst, or the amount of NOx occluded in the NSR catalyst. Therefore, the NOx sensor detects according to these values. The value can be corrected.
- the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst may be calculated, and the change in the detection value of the NOx sensor corresponding to this ammonia amount may be calculated.
- control device is configured such that the value of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx storage reduction catalyst is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by the air-fuel ratio reduction unit.
- Calculating the amount of ammonia generated in the NOx storage reduction catalyst based on at least one of the temperature of the NOx storage reduction catalyst or the amount of NOx stored in the NOx storage reduction catalyst The ammonia amount supplied from the ammonia supply device is corrected by subtracting the ammonia amount generated in the NOx storage reduction catalyst from the ammonia amount supplied from the ammonia supply device determined based on the detected value of the NOx sensor. can do.
- ammonia flowing out from the NSR catalyst becomes a reducing agent in the SCR catalyst, and accordingly, the amount of ammonia supplied from the ammonia supply device is reduced accordingly.
- the amount of ammonia produced in the NSR catalyst changes according to the value of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust, the temperature of the NSR catalyst, or the amount of NOx occluded in the NSR catalyst. The amount of ammonia produced can be calculated.
- ammonia can be prevented from flowing out from the selective reduction type NOx catalyst when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the storage reduction type NOx catalyst is lowered.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment and its intake system and exhaust system.
- the internal combustion engine 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a diesel engine, but may be a gasoline engine.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is mounted on a vehicle, for example.
- the exhaust passage 2 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
- the NOx storage reduction catalyst 3 hereinafter referred to as NSR catalyst 3
- the reducing agent injection valve 4 and the selective reduction type NOx catalyst 5 (hereinafter referred to as SCR catalyst 5) in order from the upstream side. ) Is provided.
- the NSR catalyst 3 stores NOx in the exhaust when the oxygen concentration of the inflowing exhaust gas is high, and reduces the stored NOx when the oxygen concentration of the inflowing exhaust gas decreases and a reducing agent is present.
- HC HC or CO that is unburned fuel discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 can be used.
- a fuel addition valve for injecting fuel (HC) of the internal combustion engine 1 may be provided in the exhaust passage 2 upstream of the NSR catalyst 3, and HC may be supplied as a reducing agent from the fuel addition valve to the NSR catalyst 3. .
- the SCR catalyst 5 adsorbs a reducing agent, and selectively reduces NOx by the adsorbing reducing agent when NOx passes.
- a reducing agent supplied to the SCR catalyst 5 ammonia (NH 3 ) can be used.
- the reducing agent injection valve 4 supplies the reducing agent to the SCR catalyst 5 by injecting ammonia.
- the reducing agent injection valve 4 may inject urea water.
- the urea water injected from the reducing agent injection valve 4 is hydrolyzed by the heat of the exhaust or the heat from the SCR catalyst 5 to become ammonia, and is adsorbed on the SCR catalyst 5.
- ammonia precursor or ammonia may be supplied from the reducing agent injection valve 4.
- the reducing agent injection valve 4 corresponds to the ammonia supply device in the present invention.
- a NOx sensor 11 for detecting the NOx concentration in the exhaust and a temperature sensor 12 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust are provided in the exhaust passage 2 downstream of the NSR catalyst 3 and upstream of the reducing agent injection valve 4, a NOx sensor 11 for detecting the NOx concentration in the exhaust and a temperature sensor 12 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust are provided. It is attached. Based on the detection value of the temperature sensor 12, the temperature of the NSR catalyst 3 or the temperature of the SCR catalyst 5 can be calculated. Further, the detected value of the temperature sensor 12 may be the temperature of the NSR catalyst 3 or the SCR catalyst 5. Further, the temperature of the NSR catalyst 3 or the SCR catalyst 5 can be estimated based on the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is provided with a fuel injection valve 6 for supplying fuel to the internal combustion engine 1.
- An intake passage 7 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
- a throttle 8 for adjusting the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1 is provided in the middle of the intake passage 7.
- An air flow meter 15 that detects the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1 is attached to the intake passage 7 upstream of the throttle 8.
- the internal combustion engine 1 configured as described above is provided with an ECU 10 that is an electronic control unit for controlling the internal combustion engine 1.
- the ECU 10 controls the internal combustion engine 1 in accordance with the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 1 and the driver's request.
- the ECU 10 outputs an electric signal corresponding to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 16 by the driver to detect the engine load, and an accelerator position sensor 17 for detecting the engine speed. 18 are connected via electric wiring, and output signals of these various sensors are input to the ECU 10.
- the reducing agent injection valve 4, the fuel injection valve 6, and the throttle 8 are connected to the ECU 10 through electric wiring, and these devices are controlled by the ECU 10.
- the ECU 10 controls the fuel injection valve 6 so that the air-fuel ratio in the cylinder becomes the target air-fuel ratio.
- This target air-fuel ratio is an air-fuel ratio set according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the internal combustion engine 1 according to this embodiment is normally operated at a lean air-fuel ratio.
- the internal combustion engine 1 may be operated near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio during high load operation or the like.
- NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3 there is a case where the engine is operated at a theoretical air fuel ratio or less.
- the ECU 10 performs a reduction process of NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3.
- the ECU 10 adjusts the amount of fuel injected from the fuel injection valve 6 or the opening of the throttle 8 so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NSR catalyst 3 is predetermined.
- a so-called rich spike is performed to reduce the air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio.
- the ECU 10 that performs the rich spike corresponds to the air-fuel ratio lowering portion in the present invention.
- This rich spike is performed, for example, when the amount of NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3 becomes a predetermined amount.
- the amount of NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3 is calculated, for example, by integrating the difference between the amount of NOx flowing into the NSR catalyst 3 and the amount of NOx flowing out of the NSR catalyst 3.
- the amount of NOx flowing into the NSR catalyst 3 and the amount of NOx flowing out of the NSR catalyst 3 can be detected by attaching a sensor.
- the amount of NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3 may be calculated from the amount of NOx flowing into the NSR catalyst 3 and the estimated value of the NOx purification rate in the NSR catalyst 3.
- the rich spike may be performed every predetermined time or every predetermined traveling distance. Moreover, you may obtain
- the ECU 10 supplies ammonia from the reducing agent injection valve 4 every predetermined time.
- the ECU 10 calculates the amount of NOx flowing into the SCR catalyst 5 based on the detection value of the NOx sensor 11, and determines the amount of ammonia supplied from the reducing agent injection valve 4 based on the NOx amount.
- the amount of NOx flowing into the SCR catalyst 5 is calculated based on the NOx concentration detected by the NOx sensor 11 and the exhaust gas flow rate.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas is calculated based on the intake air amount detected by the air flow meter 15 and the fuel amount supplied from the fuel injection valve 6.
- the ECU 10 supplies ammonia necessary for reducing all NOx flowing into the SCR catalyst 5 from the reducing agent injection valve 4. In other words, the ammonia consumed in the SCR catalyst 5 is suppressed from being deficient by replenishing ammonia consumed to reduce NOx.
- the NOx sensor 11 detects ammonia as well as NOx.
- NOx and ammonia are released from the NSR catalyst 3.
- Ammonia released from the NSR catalyst 3 becomes a reducing agent in the SCR catalyst 5.
- the SCR catalyst 5 since the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 is increased by the ammonia released from the NSR catalyst 3, when the amount of ammonia supplied from the reducing agent injection valve 4 is determined based on the detected value of the NOx sensor 11, the SCR catalyst 5 The amount of ammonia becomes excessive.
- the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 is corrected when the rich spike is performed. Then, the amount of ammonia injected from the reducing agent injection valve 4 is determined based on the corrected detection value.
- the time when the rich spike is performed is when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. At this time, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NSR catalyst 3 is also lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- the ECU 10 that corrects the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 corresponds to the control device in the present invention.
- the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 is changed so that the correction performed when the rich spike is performed is lower than the correction performed when the rich spike is not performed. May be. That is, even if the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 before correction is the same, the detection value after correction is smaller when the rich spike is performed than when the rich spike is not performed. to correct.
- the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 may be already corrected in consideration of effects other than ammonia released from the NSR catalyst 3. Even in such a case, when the rich spike is performed, the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 is further corrected. Specifically, when correction is performed by multiplying the detected NOx concentration by a coefficient of less than 1, when the rich spike is performed, the coefficient is set more than when the rich spike is not performed. It may be small. For example, when the rich spike is performed, the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 may be made smaller by a predetermined value than when the rich spike is not performed.
- the detected value is corrected so that the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 becomes 0 ppm. Good. This eliminates the influence of ammonia produced in the NSR catalyst 3.
- the detected value may be corrected so as to be the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 before the rich spike is performed. This also eliminates the influence of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 immediately before the rich spike is performed may be used, or the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 a predetermined time before the rich spike is performed may be used. Further, during the period when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the previously detected value of the NOx sensor 11 may be maintained.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 may be corrected so that the average value of the detected values of the NOx sensor 11 before the rich spike is performed and when the rich spike is performed. Thereby, the influence of the ammonia produced
- FIG. 2 is a time chart showing the transition of various values when the rich spike is executed a plurality of times.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 when the rich spike is performed is corrected to be the detected value before the rich spike is performed.
- FIG. 2 may be a case where the detected value is corrected so that the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 becomes 0 ppm when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- outflow NOx indicates the actual amount of NOx flowing out from the NSR catalyst 3 (may be the NOx concentration).
- the “detected value” is a detected value of the NOx sensor 11 before correction by the ECU 10, and shows a part that changes due to NOx and a part that changes due to ammonia (NH 3 ).
- Detected value after correction indicates the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 after the ECU 10 corrects the detected value of the NOx sensor 11. The detection value after correction during execution of rich spike is the same as the detection value before execution of rich spike. That is, even if a rich spike is performed, the detected value after correction does not change and remains the same value.
- the “reducing agent supply amount” is a reducing agent supply amount calculated by the ECU 10 based on a detection value of the NOx sensor 11 and is an ammonia amount supplied from the reducing agent injection valve 4. “With correction” indicates a case where the ECU 10 corrects the detection value of the NOx sensor 11, and “No correction” indicates a case where the ECU 10 does not correct the detection value of the NOx sensor 11. When the ECU 10 corrects the detected value of the NOx sensor 11, the detected value of NOx becomes smaller than when the ECU 10 does not correct it, so the reducing agent supply amount decreases.
- FIG. 3 is another time chart showing the transition of various values when the rich spike is executed a plurality of times.
- FIG. 3 calculates the change in the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 due to ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3, and corrects the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 by subtracting the changed value from the detected value of the NOx sensor 11. Shows the case.
- the ECU 10 corrects the detected value of the NOx sensor 11
- the detected value of NOx becomes smaller than when the ECU 10 does not correct it, so the reducing agent supply amount decreases.
- the change in the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 due to the ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3 can be calculated based on the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3.
- the amount of ammonia produced in the NSR catalyst 3 is correlated with the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust, the temperature of the NSR catalyst 3, and the amount of NOx occluded in the NSR catalyst 3, and therefore is based on at least one of these values. Can be calculated. This relationship is obtained in advance by experiment or simulation and stored in the ECU 10 as a map.
- the amount of NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3 may be a predetermined amount. Since the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas can be calculated from the amount of ammonia produced in the NSR catalyst 3 and the exhaust gas flow rate, the change in the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 can be obtained.
- the amount of ammonia supplied from the reducing agent injection valve 4 may be corrected.
- the ammonia supply amount may be corrected so that the correction performed when the rich spike is performed is smaller than the correction performed when the rich spike is not performed. That is, even if the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 is the same, the corrected ammonia supply amount is corrected when the rich spike is performed, compared to when the rich spike is not performed.
- the ammonia supply amount may have already been corrected in consideration of effects other than ammonia released from the NSR catalyst 3. Even in such a case, when the rich spike is performed, the ammonia supply amount is further corrected.
- the rich spike is executed when the rich spike is executed.
- the coefficient may be smaller than when it is not.
- the ammonia supply amount may be decreased by a predetermined value compared to when the rich spike is not performed.
- the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3 is calculated, and the amount of ammonia supplied is calculated by subtracting the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3 from the amount of ammonia supplied calculated based on the detected value of the NOx sensor 11. May be corrected.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a control flow when the rich spike is performed. This routine is repeatedly executed by the ECU 10 every predetermined time.
- the predetermined time may be an interval for supplying ammonia from the reducing agent injection valve 4.
- step S101 it is determined whether or not a rich spike is being performed. In this step, it is determined whether or not the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust is equal to or lower than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. If an affirmative determination is made in step S101, the process proceeds to step S102. On the other hand, if a negative determination is made, it is not necessary to correct the detected value of the NOx sensor 11, and thus this routine is ended.
- step S102 the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 is set to 0 ppm. That is, the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 is corrected.
- FIG. 5 is another flowchart showing a control flow when the rich spike is executed. This routine is repeatedly executed by the ECU 10 every predetermined time. Steps in which the same processing as in FIG.
- step S101 the process proceeds to step S201.
- step S201 the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 is set to a value before the rich spike is performed. That is, the detection value of the NOx sensor 11 is corrected.
- the detection value before the rich spike is executed is a detection value immediately before the rich spike is executed, and is stored in the ECU 10.
- the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 at the previous routine may be maintained. That is, when the rich spike is performed, the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 in the routine immediately before the rich spike is performed may be maintained.
- FIG. 6 is another flowchart showing a control flow when the rich spike is performed. This routine is repeatedly executed by the ECU 10 every predetermined time. Steps in which the same processing as in FIG. 4 is performed are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- step S101 If an affirmative determination is made in step S101, the process proceeds to step S301, and in step S301, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust is calculated.
- the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust may be detected by a sensor, or may be calculated based on the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 1 and the fuel injection amount from the fuel injection valve 6.
- step S302 the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3 is calculated.
- the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3 is calculated from the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas calculated in step S301 and the map previously stored in the ECU 10. Note that the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3 may be calculated by further considering the temperature of the NSR catalyst 3 or the amount of NOx stored in the NSR catalyst 3. In this step, instead of calculating the amount of ammonia generated in the NSR catalyst 3, a value to be subtracted from the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 may be calculated.
- step S303 the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 is corrected by subtracting the change in the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 due to the ammonia amount calculated in step S302 from the detected value of the NOx sensor 11.
- the ammonia supply amount may be corrected based on the ammonia amount calculated in step S302.
- the present embodiment it is possible to suppress excessive supply of ammonia to the SCR catalyst 5 by correcting the detected value of the NOx sensor 11 when the rich spike is performed. . Thereby, it is possible to suppress the outflow of ammonia from the SCR catalyst 5. In addition, the consumption of ammonia can be reduced.
Abstract
Description
前記内燃機関の排気通路に設けられ、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比よりも大きいときにNOxを吸蔵し、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下のときに吸蔵していたNOxを還元する吸蔵還元型NOx触媒と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒よりも下流の排気通路に設けられてアンモニアを還元剤としてNOxを還元する選択還元型NOx触媒と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒よりも下流で且つ前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流の排気通路において排気中のNOxとアンモニアとの濃度を検出するNOxセンサと、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比を理論空燃比以下とする空燃比低下部と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流からアンモニアを供給するアンモニア供給装置と、
前記NOxセンサの検出値に基づいて前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量を決定する制御装置と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされている場合には、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比よりも大きい場合よりも、前記NOxセンサの検出値に対して前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量を少なくする。
図1は、本実施例に係る内燃機関と、その吸気系及び排気系との概略構成を示す図である。図1に示す内燃機関1は、ディーゼル機関であるが、ガソリン機関であってもよい。内燃機関1は、たとえば車両に搭載される。
2 排気通路
3 吸蔵還元型NOx触媒(NSR触媒)
4 還元剤噴射弁
5 選択還元型NOx触媒(SCR触媒)
6 燃料噴射弁
7 吸気通路
8 スロットル
10 ECU
11 NOxセンサ
12 温度センサ
15 エアフローメータ
16 アクセルペダル
17 アクセル開度センサ
18 クランクポジションセンサ
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられ、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比よりも大きいときにNOxを吸蔵し、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下のときに吸蔵していたNOxを還元する吸蔵還元型NOx触媒と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒よりも下流の排気通路に設けられてアンモニアを還元剤としてNOxを還元する選択還元型NOx触媒と、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒よりも下流で且つ前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流の排気通路において排気中のNOxとアンモニアとの濃度を検出するNOxセンサと、
前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比を理論空燃比以下とする空燃比低下部と、
前記選択還元型NOx触媒よりも上流からアンモニアを供給するアンモニア供給装置と、
前記NOxセンサの検出値に基づいて前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量を決定する制御装置と、
を備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされている場合には、排気の空燃比が理論空燃比よりも大きい場合よりも、前記NOxセンサの検出値に対して前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量を少なくする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされている場合には、前記NOxセンサの検出値を補正する請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされている場合には、前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量を補正する請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされているときの、前記NOxセンサの検出値の使用を制限する請求項1または2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされているときの、該排気の空燃比の値、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の温度、又は、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に吸蔵されているNOx量の少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒において生成されるアンモニアによる前記NOxセンサの検出値の変化分を算出し、前記NOxセンサの検出値から該変化分を減じることで、前記NOxセンサの検出値を補正する請求項1または2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記空燃比低下部により前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒へ流入する排気の空燃比が理論空燃比以下とされているときの、該排気の空燃比の値、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒の温度、又は、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒に吸蔵されているNOx量の少なくとも1つに基づいて、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒において生成されるアンモニア量を算出し、前記NOxセンサの検出値に基づいて決定される前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量から、前記吸蔵還元型NOx触媒において生成されるアンモニア量を減じることで、前記アンモニア供給装置から供給するアンモニア量を補正する請求項1または3に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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US20150322839A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
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