WO2014109329A1 - 脱水装置、ガス圧縮システム、及び脱水方法 - Google Patents
脱水装置、ガス圧縮システム、及び脱水方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014109329A1 WO2014109329A1 PCT/JP2014/050134 JP2014050134W WO2014109329A1 WO 2014109329 A1 WO2014109329 A1 WO 2014109329A1 JP 2014050134 W JP2014050134 W JP 2014050134W WO 2014109329 A1 WO2014109329 A1 WO 2014109329A1
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- regeneration
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 231
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 231
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
- B01D53/0438—Cooling or heating systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dehydration apparatus, a gas compression system, and a dehydration method.
- a gas compression system for example, Patent Document 1 that collects and compresses a predetermined gas such as CO 2 gas from exhaust gas discharged from an industrial facility such as a boiler or a gas turbine has been conventionally installed in an industrial facility or the like. .
- FIG. 3 is an example of a configuration diagram of a conventional gas compression system 200.
- the gas compression system 200 compresses CO 2 gas with a plurality of compressors 202 (202-1 to 202-4).
- the gas compression system 200 includes a plurality of coolers 204, a plurality of knockout drums (gas-liquid separators) 206, and a dehydrator 208 along with a plurality of compressors 202.
- the cooler 204 cools the compressed CO 2 gas
- the knock-out drum knock-out drum 206 recovers the condensed water (H 2 O) by reducing the water saturation rate in the CO 2 gas due to compression
- the dehydrator 208 Water that cannot be recovered by the knockout drum 206 is recovered (dehydrated) by adsorption.
- a dehydrator 208 is provided in the intermediate stage of the plurality of compressors 202.
- the dehydrator 208 includes an adsorption tower 210 (210A, 210B), a regeneration gas heater 212, a regeneration gas cooler 214, and a regeneration gas knockout drum 216.
- the adsorption tower 210 alternately performs an adsorption process for adsorbing moisture contained in the CO 2 gas and a regeneration process for desorbing the adsorbed moisture. In addition, after the completion
- the adsorption tower 210B performs the regeneration step
- a part of the CO 2 gas dehydrated in the adsorption tower 210A is heated to a predetermined temperature by the regeneration gas heater 212 and is supplied to the adsorption tower 210B.
- Moisture is desorbed from 210B.
- the regeneration gas containing moisture desorbed from the adsorption tower 210B is supplied to the regeneration gas cooler 214 and cooled to a predetermined temperature. At that time, most of the desorbed water is recovered as condensed water by the lower regeneration gas knockout drum 216.
- the water-saturated regenerated gas after the water has been collected by the regenerative gas knockout drum 216 loses pressure in piping, equipment, etc., it is next to the compressor 202-2 that supplied the CO 2 gas to the dehydrator 208. It is returned not to the inlet side of the stage compressor 202-3 but to the upstream side such as the inlet of the compressor 202-2.
- the regeneration gas supplied to the adsorption tower 210B performing the regeneration process must always be heated at a predetermined heat amount. For this reason, in the conventional dehydrator 208, the driving demand for the regeneration gas heater 212 is increased, and the consumption of steam or electric power for heating the regeneration gas is increased.
- the regeneration gas containing the residual heat sent from the adsorption tower 210 performing the regeneration process must always be cooled with a predetermined amount of cooling water. For this reason, in the conventional dehydrator 208, the drive demand for the regenerative gas cooler 214 is increased, and the consumption of cooling water is increased.
- the regeneration gas is supplied to the inlet of the compressor 202-3 at the next stage of the compressor 202-2 that has supplied the CO 2 gas to the dehydrator 208. It cannot be returned and returned to the upstream side such as the inlet of the compressor 202-2. Therefore, the compressor 202 on the upstream side of the regeneration gas is returned, the flow rate of the CO 2 gas supplied is increased flow amount of the regeneration gas, increasing the power of the compressor 202 on the upstream side, i.e. utility consumption ( Electricity and steam consumption) will increase.
- utility consumption Electricity and steam consumption
- the supply of regeneration gas is stopped, so that the operating conditions of the upstream compressor 202 to which the regeneration gas is returned fluctuate. That is, for example, when the compressor 202-2 is designed on the assumption that the regenerated gas is returned, the compressor 202-2 is operated at an optimum operating condition during the standby process in which the regenerated gas is not returned. Not driving. For this reason, in the design stage of the gas compression system 200, the design conditions of the dehydrator 208 affect the design of the upstream compressor 202 to which the regeneration gas is returned.
- This invention is made
- the dehydration apparatus, gas compression system, and dehydration method of the present invention employ the following means.
- the dehydration apparatus includes a plurality of adsorption towers arranged in parallel in a gas supply line for alternately performing an adsorption step for adsorbing moisture contained in a gas and a regeneration step for desorbing adsorbed moisture.
- a dehydrator for causing the other adsorption tower to perform the regeneration step while allowing the adsorption tower to perform the adsorption step, and heating a part of the gas dehydrated by the adsorption tower during the adsorption step.
- a gas-liquid separation unit that returns the separated and separated moisture to the adsorption tower; a gas that is sent from the adsorption tower during the regeneration step and supplied to the cooling unit; and a gas that is supplied to the heating unit , Preheating unit for heat exchange , Comprising a.
- the dehydrating apparatus includes a plurality of adsorption towers that alternately perform an adsorption process for adsorbing moisture contained in a gas and a regeneration process for desorbing the adsorbed moisture in parallel with a gas supply line. While the adsorption process is performed, the regeneration process is performed in another adsorption tower.
- moisture content contained in gas is performed by adsorption
- regeneration process is a process of desorbing the water
- the dehydrator heats a part of the gas dehydrated by the adsorption tower during the adsorption process by the heating unit and supplies the heated gas to the adsorption tower during the regeneration process. Heat is exchanged with the gas delivered from the adsorption tower by the preheating unit.
- the dehydrator cools the gas sent from the adsorption tower during the regeneration process and heat-exchanged by the preheating unit by the cooling unit, and the moisture condensed from the gas cooled by the cooling unit is separated by the gas-liquid separation unit. The gas from which moisture has been separated is returned to the adsorption tower.
- the preheating unit Since the preheating unit is provided in this way, the temperature of the gas supplied to the cooling unit is lower than that in the case where the preheating unit is not provided. The consumption of the cooling water supplied to the section is reduced. On the other hand, since the temperature of the gas supplied to the heating unit is higher than that when the preheating unit is not provided, the energy consumed by the heating unit for heating the gas is reduced.
- the dehydrating apparatus can suppress an increase in utility consumption due to the regeneration process.
- the heating unit controls a heating amount of the gas based on a heat exchange amount by the preheating unit.
- the regeneration step when heated gas is supplied to the adsorption tower, moisture is desorbed by gradually heating from the adsorption on the gas supply side.
- the desorbed moisture moves to the gas delivery side together with the gas, and is adsorbed again by adsorption on the delivery side. That is, in the regeneration process, moisture desorption and adsorption are alternately repeated, so that moisture is desorbed from adsorption on the gas supply side to adsorption on the delivery side.
- the energy given to the adsorption by the heated gas is greater immediately after the start of the regeneration process, and the gas delivered from the adsorption tower during the regeneration process has a lower temperature than the initial temperature.
- the amount of heat exchange by the preheating unit changes with time. Therefore, according to this configuration, since the amount of gas heated by the heating unit is controlled based on the amount of heat exchange by the preheating unit, the energy consumed by the heating unit for heating the gas is more effectively reduced. can do.
- a compressor is provided between the gas-liquid separation unit and the adsorption tower and pressurizes the gas used in the regeneration step so as to compensate for the pressure loss due to the regeneration step. Is preferred.
- the gas pressurized by the compressor has the same pressure as the gas supplied to the dehydrator, is mixed with the gas supplied to the dehydrator, and is supplied to the adsorption tower. It is possible to return all of the gas to be returned to the gas supply source. Therefore, this configuration eliminates the problem of increasing the power of the compressor to which the gas is returned because the gas used in the regeneration process is not returned to the inlet of the compressor to which the gas has been supplied, as in the past. Is done.
- the gas supplied from the adsorption tower during the regeneration process and supplied to the cooling unit and the gas supplied to the heating unit can be more efficiently obtained. Heat exchange is possible.
- a gas compression system includes a plurality of compressors for compressing a gas and the dehydrating device described above, and dehydrates the gas compressed by the predetermined compressor with the dehydrating device. The dehydrated gas is further compressed by the compressor provided in the next stage of the predetermined compressor.
- the dehydration method according to the third aspect of the present invention comprises a plurality of adsorption towers arranged in parallel in a gas supply line, wherein an adsorption step for adsorbing moisture contained in gas and a regeneration step for desorbing adsorbed moisture are provided in parallel.
- the gas is supplied to the adsorption tower during the regeneration step, and the gas supplied to the heating unit and the gas delivered from the adsorption tower during the regeneration step are heat exchanged by the preheating unit,
- the gas sent from the adsorption tower during the regeneration step and heat-exchanged by the preheating unit is cooled by a cooling unit, moisture condensed from the gas cooled by the cooling unit is separated by a gas-liquid separation unit, and moisture is removed.
- FIG. 1 shows a CO 2 recovery device 12 provided with a CO 2 compression system 10 according to this embodiment.
- the CO 2 recovery device 12 includes a cooling tower 14.
- a cooling tower 14 For example, exhaust gas containing CO 2 discharged from industrial equipment such as a boiler and a gas turbine is supplied to the cooling tower 14 by a blower (not shown).
- the exhaust gas supplied to the cooling tower 14 is cooled by cooling water.
- the cooling water used for cooling the exhaust gas is supplied again to the cooling tower 14 by the pump 16 through the cooler 18 and is injected in the tower.
- the cooled exhaust gas containing CO 2 is supplied from the lower part of the absorption tower 22 through the exhaust gas line 20.
- a CO 2 absorption liquid (amine solution) based on alkanolamine is brought into counterflow contact with the exhaust gas while passing through the filler 23.
- CO 2 in the exhaust gas is absorbed by the CO 2 absorbent, and CO 2 is removed from the exhaust gas discharged from the industrial equipment.
- a purified gas from which CO 2 has been removed is discharged from the tower top 22 a of the absorption tower 22.
- Purified gas contains water vapor and the like. This water vapor is condensed by the cooling water sprayed at the upper part of the absorption tower 22. The condensed water circulates between the cooling device 26 and the absorption tower 22 by the pump 28 outside the absorption tower 22, and is cooled by the cooling device 26. Furthermore, the mist eliminator 24 is provided on the spray in the upper part of the absorption tower 22, and the mist reaching here is separated and removed from the purified gas.
- CO 2 absorbent that has absorbed CO 2 in the absorption tower 22 is accumulated in the bottom of the column 22b, the bottom 22b and the regeneration tower 30 from feed line L 1 connecting the upper portion of the regeneration column 30 of absorption tower 22, It is supplied by the pump 32 and injected toward the filler 34 in the tower. Between the absorber 22 and the regenerator 30, feed line L 2 connecting the bottom portion 30b of the regenerator 30 and the upper portion of the absorber 22 is provided.
- a heat exchanger 36 for replacement is provided. The rich solution is heated by the heat exchanger 36, and the lean solution is cooled.
- CO 2 absorbent having absorbed CO 2 (rich solution) CO 2 is released by the endothermic reaction by countercurrent contact between passing through the filler 34 in the regeneration tower 30.
- rich solution reaches the tower bottom 30b of the regeneration tower 30
- most of the CO 2 is removed and regenerated as a lean solution.
- the regenerated lean solution is supplied again to the absorption tower 22 via the water-cooled cooler 40 by the pump 38 as a CO 2 absorption liquid and reused.
- the lean solution regenerated by releasing CO 2 in the regeneration tower 30 is refluxed to the absorption tower 22 by the pump 38 through the liquid feed line L 2 .
- the lean solution While the lean solution is refluxed, it is cooled by exchanging heat with the absorption liquid supplied from the absorption tower 22 to the regeneration tower 30 in the heat exchanger 36, and is further cooled by the water-cooled cooler 40. 2 is cooled to a temperature suitable for absorption.
- L 3 is a CO 2 discharge line connected to the top 30 a of the regeneration tower 30.
- CO 2 gas discharged from the regeneration tower 30 by CO 2 discharge line L 3 is cooled through a cooler 42 using cooling water supplied to the reflux drum 43.
- the CO 2 gas supplied to the reflux drum 43 is separated from moisture.
- the separated CO 2 gas is supplied to the CO 2 compression system 10.
- the condensed water separated in the reflux drum 43 is returned to the upper part of the regeneration tower 30 by a pump 44.
- the refluxed condensed water cools the condensing unit 46 and suppresses the release of the CO 2 absorbent and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the CO 2 compression system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the CO 2 compression system 10 includes a plurality of compressors 50 that compress CO 2 gas.
- the plurality of compressors 50 are connected in series.
- the CO 2 compression system 10 includes a cooler 52 and a knockout drum 54 between the compressor 50 and the compressor 50 as appropriate.
- the knockout drum 54 collects moisture condensed from the CO 2 gas, and the cooler 52 cools the CO 2 gas heated by being compressed by the compressor 50.
- the knockout drum 54 collects the moisture condensed by the reduction of the moisture saturation rate in the CO 2 gas due to compression.
- the CO 2 compression system 10 includes a dehydrating device 60 for dehydrating CO 2 gas.
- the dehydrator 60 collects (dehydrates) moisture contained in the CO 2 gas that cannot be collected by the knockout drum 54 by adsorption.
- the CO 2 compression system 10 includes four compressors 50 (50-1, 50-2, 50-3, 50-4), four coolers 52 (52-1, 52). -2, 52-3, 52), three knockout drums 54 (54-1, 54-2, 54-3), and one dehydrator 60 are connected in series. More specifically, a knockout drum 54-1 is provided upstream of the compressor 50-1, and a cooler 52-1 and a knockout drum 54- are provided between the compressor 50-1 and the compressor 50-2.
- a cooler 52-2 a knockout drum 54-3, and a dehydrator 60 are provided between the compressor 50-2 and the compressor 50-3, and the compressor 50-3 and the compressor 50- 4, a cooler 52-3 is provided, and a cooler 52 is provided downstream of the compressor 50-4.
- the number and installation order of the compressor 50, the cooler 52, the knockout drum 54, and the dehydrating device 60 are examples, and the number and the installation order may be different as long as the CO 2 gas can be compressed and dehydrated.
- the dehydrator 60 includes an adsorption tower 62 (62A, 62B) that alternately performs an adsorption process for adsorbing moisture contained in the CO 2 gas and a regeneration process for desorbing the adsorbed moisture in parallel with the CO 2 gas supply line 64.
- a plurality are provided.
- the dehydrator 60 causes the other adsorption towers 62 to perform the regeneration process while the predetermined adsorption towers 62 perform the adsorption process.
- finish of a regeneration process the adsorption tower 62 passes to a adsorption process after passing through a standby process.
- CO 2 gas at 20 ° C. to 40 ° C. is supplied from the opening 66 of the adsorption tower 62 and sent out from the opening 68, so that the adsorption absorbs moisture contained in the CO 2 gas to thereby absorb CO 2.
- moisture adsorbed by adsorption is desorbed by heat and desorbed together with the heated CO 2 gas. Deliver moisture.
- the adsorption process is performed for 8 hours, the regeneration process is performed for 4 hours, and the standby process is performed for 4 hours.
- the dehydrator 60 includes a regeneration gas heater 70, a regeneration gas cooler 72, a regeneration gas knockout drum 74, a regeneration gas preheater 76, and a regeneration gas compressor 78.
- the regeneration gas heater 70 heats a part of the CO 2 gas dehydrated by the adsorption tower 62 during the adsorption process, and supplies it to the adsorption tower 62 during the regeneration process. Note that the regeneration gas heater 70 heats the CO 2 gas to a predetermined temperature (for example, 200 ° C. to 300 ° C.) by using electric power or separately supplied steam.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 200 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the regeneration gas cooler 72 cools the CO 2 gas sent from the adsorption tower 62 during the regeneration process to a predetermined temperature (for example, 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.).
- Regeneration gas knockout drum 74 separates the condensed water from the CO 2 gas cooled by the regeneration gas cooler 72, returning the CO 2 gas separated moisture adsorption tower 62.
- the regeneration gas preheater 76 exchanges heat between the CO 2 gas delivered from the adsorption tower 62 during the regeneration process and supplied to the regeneration gas cooler 72 and the CO 2 gas supplied to the regeneration gas heater 70.
- the regeneration gas compressor 78 is provided between the regeneration gas knockout drum 74 and the adsorption tower 62, and raises the pressure of the CO 2 gas used in the regeneration process so as to compensate for the pressure loss due to the regeneration process.
- the supply line 64 connected to the outlet of the knockout drum 54-3 is branched.
- Each branched supply line 64 includes valves 80A and 80B, and is connected to the openings 66 of the adsorption towers 62A and 62B. Further, the branched supply line 64 is bypassed before being connected to the adsorption towers 62A and 62B, and the bypass supply line 64 is provided with valves 80C and 80D.
- a supply line 64 connected to the regeneration gas cooler 72 is provided between the valves 80C and 80D via the regeneration gas preheater 76.
- each supply line 64 connected to the opening 68 of the adsorption towers 62A and 62B is provided with valves 80E and 80F, joined at the tip provided with the valves 80E and 80F, and is connected to the compressor via the filter 82. Connected to the entrance of 50-3. Filter 82, a powder or the like of possible adsorption contained in the CO 2 gas is removed from the CO 2 gas.
- the supply line 64 connected to the openings 68 of the adsorption towers 62A and 62B is bypassed downstream from the position where the valves 80E and 80F are provided.
- the bypass supply line 64 is provided with valves 80G and 80H. Yes.
- a supply line 64 connected to the outlet of the regeneration gas heater 70 is provided between the valves 80G and 80H.
- the joined supply line 64 connected to the inlet of the compressor 50-3 is branched on the outlet side of the filter 82 and connected to the inlet of the regeneration gas heater 70 through the regeneration gas preheater 76.
- the regeneration gas cooler 72 is connected to the regeneration gas knockout drum 74, the regeneration gas knockout drum 74 is connected to the inlet of the regeneration gas compressor 78, and the outlet of the regeneration gas compressor 78 is connected to the dehydrator from the knockout drum 54-3. Connected to a supply line 64 for supplying CO 2 gas to 60.
- valves 80A and 80D are opened while the valves 80B and 80C are closed.
- valves 80E and 80H are opened, while the valves 80F and 80G are closed.
- the CO 2 gas containing moisture supplied from the knockout drum 54-3 to the dehydrator 60 is dehydrated by the adsorption tower 62A and returned to the compressor 50-3.
- a part of the dehydrated CO 2 gas (for example, 10 to 30%, hereinafter referred to as “regeneration gas”) is supplied to the regeneration gas heater 70 via the regeneration gas preheater 76.
- regeneration gas a part of the dehydrated CO 2 gas
- the valve 80F is closed to the adsorption tower 62B where the standby process is performed, and CO 2 gas is not sent out.
- the regeneration gas supplied to the regeneration gas heater 70 is heated by the regeneration gas heater 70 and supplied to the adsorption tower 62B where the regeneration process is performed.
- the moisture adsorbed by the adsorption by the heated regeneration gas is desorbed.
- the desorbed moisture is supplied to the regeneration gas preheater 76 together with the regeneration gas having residual heat.
- the regeneration gas having residual heat supplied to the regeneration gas preheater 76 is supplied to the regeneration gas cooler 72 after exchanging heat with the regeneration gas before being heated by the regeneration gas heater 70.
- the regeneration gas sent from the adsorption tower 62B is heat-exchanged by the regeneration gas preheater 76, so that the temperature is lowered, while the regeneration gas before being heated by the regeneration gas heater 70 is raised in temperature.
- the regeneration gas preheater 76 Since the regeneration gas preheater 76 is provided in this manner, the temperature of the regeneration gas supplied to the regeneration gas cooler 72 is lower than when the regeneration gas preheater 76 is not provided. , That is, the amount of cooling water supplied to the regeneration gas cooler 72 is reduced. On the other hand, since the temperature of the regeneration gas before being heated by the regeneration gas heater 70 is higher than that when the regeneration gas preheater 76 is not provided, the regeneration gas heater 70 consumes to heat the regeneration gas. Energy is reduced.
- the moisture is desorbed by gradually being heated from the adsorption on the regeneration gas supply side (opening 68 side).
- the desorbed moisture moves to the regeneration gas delivery side (opening 66 side) together with the regeneration gas, and is adsorbed again by adsorption on the delivery side. That is, in the regeneration step, moisture desorption and adsorption are repeated alternately, so that moisture is desorbed from regeneration gas supply side adsorption to delivery side adsorption.
- the energy that the heated regeneration gas gives to adsorption is greater immediately after the start of the regeneration process, and the regeneration gas sent from the adsorption tower 62B in the regeneration process is initially at a lower temperature.
- the temperature increases with time.
- the regeneration gas sent from the adsorption tower 62B during the regeneration process reaches, for example, about 150 ° in about 30 to 60 minutes after the start of the regeneration process, and then gradually rises in temperature at the end of the regeneration process.
- the temperature is about 300 ° C. which is the same as the temperature supplied to the adsorption tower 62B.
- the heat exchange amount of the regeneration gas preheater 76 also changes in the same manner. Therefore, in order to heat the regeneration gas supplied to the adsorption tower 62B in the regeneration process to a predetermined temperature (200 to 300 ° C.), the amount of change is made to follow the amount of change by the regeneration gas heater 70. It is necessary to compensate.
- the regeneration gas heater 70 controls the heating amount of the regeneration gas based on the heat exchange amount of the regeneration gas preheater 76. Specifically, the temperature of the regeneration gas at the inlet or the outlet of the regeneration gas heater 70 is measured by the thermometer 96A or the thermometer 96B, and the utility (steam amount or electric power) supplied to the regeneration gas heater 70 based on the measurement result. Amount) is adjusted.
- the dehydration apparatus 60 can further increase the heat exchange amount by including a plurality of the regeneration gas preheaters 76.
- the regeneration gas sent from the opening 66 of the adsorption tower 62B passes through the regeneration gas preheater 76A and the regeneration gas preheater 76B in this order.
- the regeneration gas sent from the opening 68 of the adsorption tower 62A is passed through the regeneration gas preheater 76B and the regeneration gas preheater 76A in this order to exchange heat.
- the regeneration gas sent from the adsorption tower 62B in the regeneration step and heated by the regeneration gas cooler 72 and the regeneration gas sent from the adsorption tower 62B can be heat-exchanged more efficiently.
- the regeneration gas cooled by the regeneration gas cooler 72 is supplied to the regeneration gas compressor 78 after moisture is separated by the regeneration gas knockout drum 74.
- the water (condensed water) separated in the regeneration gas knockout drum 74 is discharged from the regeneration gas knockout drum 74.
- the regeneration gas compressor 78 increases the pressure of the supplied regeneration gas so as to compensate for the pressure loss due to the regeneration process, and returns it to the supply line 64 connected to the opening 66 of the adsorption tower 62.
- the regeneration gas boosted by the regeneration gas compressor 78 has the same pressure as the regeneration gas supplied from the knockout drum 54-3 to the dehydrator 60, and the regeneration gas supplied from the knockout drum 54-3 to the dehydrator 60. It is mixed with gas and supplied to the adsorption tower 62. For this reason, all of the CO 2 gas delivered from the dehydrator 60 is further compressed by the CO 2 gas supply source, that is, the compressor 50-3 provided in the next stage of the compressor 50-2.
- the regeneration gas used in the regeneration process is not returned to the inlet of the compressor 50-2 supplied with the CO 2 gas as in the prior art, so that the power of the compressor 50 to which the regeneration gas is returned is increased.
- the problem is solved. Further, even if the regeneration gas is not supplied to the adsorption tower 62B in the standby process, the amount of CO 2 gas returned from the dehydrator 60 to the compressor 50 does not change at all, so the operation of the compressor 50 to which CO 2 gas is returned is not performed. Conditions do not fluctuate. Therefore, variations in the operating conditions due to the amount of regeneration gas is returned to the compressor 50 is changed, a problem that affects the design of the CO 2 compression system 10 also eliminated.
- Table 1 shows the difference in power consumption between the conventional CO 2 compression system (see FIG. 3) and the CO 2 compression system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the amount of electric power (BHP power, heat exchange heat duty), which is a utility, is provided with regeneration gas preheaters 76A and 76B and a regeneration gas compressor 78 as compared with a conventional CO 2 compression system.
- the CO 2 compression system 10 according to the embodiment is less. Since the regeneration gas compressor 78 is not provided in the conventional CO 2 compression system, the BHP power of the regeneration gas compressor 78 increases in the CO 2 compression system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the BHP power of the regeneration gas compressor 78 is small, it is equal to or less than the BHP power reduced by the CO 2 compression system 10, and the BHP power decreases as a total. Further, the CO 2 compression system 10 according to the present embodiment can also reduce the heat exchange heat duty of the regeneration gas heater 70 and the regeneration gas cooler 72.
- the compressor 50 of the CO 2 compression system 10 consumes less power than the compressor of the conventional CO 2 compression system. This is because in the conventional CO 2 compression system, the capacity of the compressor to which the regenerated gas returns (compressor 202-2 in the example of FIG. 3) is larger than that of the other compressors and must be boosted at a predetermined compression rate. did not become.
- CO 2 compression system 10 according to this embodiment by boosting the only regeneration gas by a small regeneration gas compressor 78 capacity only pressure loss generated in the dewatering device 60, necessary to provide a large compressor capacity This is because there is no more. Since the regenerative gas compressor 78 has a small capacity because it boosts a small amount of gas at a constant compression rate as compared with the compressor 50 to which the regenerative gas returns, it consumes less power than a compressor with a large capacity.
- the dehydrating apparatus 60 uses the adsorption tower 62 that alternately performs the adsorption process for adsorbing the moisture contained in the CO 2 gas and the regeneration process for desorbing the adsorbed moisture to the CO 2 gas.
- a plurality of the adsorption lines 62 are provided in parallel with the supply line 64, and the regeneration process is performed on the other adsorption towers 62 while the predetermined adsorption tower 62 performs the adsorption process.
- the dehydrator 60 heats a part of the CO 2 gas dehydrated by the adsorption tower 62 in the adsorption process by the regeneration gas heater 70 and supplies it to the adsorption tower 62 in the regeneration process, to the regeneration gas heater 70.
- the a CO 2 gas supplied and CO 2 gas sent from the adsorption tower 62 in the regeneration step heat exchanged by regeneration gas preheater 76.
- the dehydrator 60 cools the CO 2 gas sent from the adsorption tower 62 during the regeneration process and heat-exchanged by the regeneration gas cooler 72, and separates moisture condensed from the cooled CO 2 gas by the regeneration gas knockout drum 74.
- the CO 2 gas from which the water has been separated is returned to the adsorption tower 62.
- the dehydrating device 60 can suppress an increase in utility consumption due to the regeneration process.
- the CO 2 compression system 10 includes a plurality of compressors 50 that compress the regenerated gas and a dehydrating device 60 according to the present embodiment, and the CO 2 compressed by the predetermined compressor 50.
- the gas is dehydrated by the dehydrating device 60, and the dehydrated CO 2 gas is further compressed by the compressor 50 provided at the next stage of the predetermined compressor 50.
- the gas dehydrated by the dehydrator 60 is described as being CO 2 gas.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the gas dehydrated by the dehydrator 60 is CO 2 gas.
- a gas other than the above may be used.
- the dehydration apparatus 60 provided with the two adsorption towers 62 was demonstrated in the said embodiment, this invention is not limited to this, The form in which the dehydration apparatus 60 is provided with three or more adsorption towers 62 is demonstrated. It is good.
- CO 2 compression system 50 compressor 60 dehydrator 62 adsorption tower 70 regeneration gas heater 72 regeneration gas cooler 74 regeneration gas knockout drum 76 regeneration gas preheater 78 regeneration gas compressor
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Abstract
Description
クーラー204は圧縮されたCO2ガスを冷却し、ノックアウトドラムノックアウトドラム206は圧縮によりCO2ガス中の水分飽和率が低下することで凝縮した水分(H2O)を回収し、脱水装置208はノックアウトドラム206によって回収できなかった水分を吸着によって回収(脱水)する。なお、図3の例では、複数の圧縮機202の中間段に脱水装置208を備えている。
そして、吸着塔210Bから送出され、脱着した水分を含んだ再生ガスは、再生ガスクーラー214へ供給され、所定温度まで冷却される。その際、脱着した大半の水分は、凝縮水として下段の再生ガスノックアウトドラム216によって回収される。
再生ガスノックアウトドラム216によって水分が回収された後の水分飽和した再生ガスは、配管や機器等で圧力を損失しているため、脱水装置208へCO2ガスを供給した圧縮機202-2の次段の圧縮機202-3の入口側ではなく、圧縮機202-2の入口等の上流側に戻される。
さらに、再生工程を終えた後に行われるスタンバイ工程では、再生ガスの供給が停止されるため、再生ガスが戻される上流側の圧縮機202の運転条件が変動する。すなわち、例えば圧縮機202-2が、再生ガスが戻されることを前提に設計されると、圧縮機202-2は、再生ガスが戻されないスタンバイ工程が行われている間において最適な運転条件で運転されない。このため、ガス圧縮システム200の設計段階において、脱水装置208の設計条件が、再生ガスが戻される上流側の圧縮機202の設計に影響を及ぼす。
そこで、本構成によれば、予加熱部による熱交換量に基づいて、加熱部によるガスの加熱量が制御されるので、加熱部がガスを加熱するために消費するエネルギーをより効果的に低減することができる。
例えばボイラやガスタービン等の産業設備から排出されたCO2を含有する排ガスが、図示されないブロワによって冷却塔14へと供給されている。冷却塔14へと供給された排ガスは、冷却水によって冷却される。排ガスを冷却するのに用いられた冷却水は、ポンプ16により、冷却器18を通り再び冷却塔14へと供給されて塔内で噴射されている。
再生塔30でCO2を放出して再生されたリーン溶液は、送液ラインL2を通じてポンプ38によって吸収塔22に還流される。リーン溶液は、還流される間に、熱交換器36において、吸収塔22から再生塔30へ供給される吸収液との間で熱交換して冷却され、更に、水冷式冷却器40によって、CO2の吸収に適した温度まで冷却される。
リフラックスドラム43において分離された凝縮水は、ポンプ44によって再生塔30上部に還流される。還流された凝縮水は、凝縮部46を冷却してCO2吸収液等の放出を抑制する。
さらに、CO2圧縮システム10は、CO2ガスを脱水するための脱水装置60を備えている。脱水装置60は、ノックアウトドラム54によって回収できないCO2ガスに含まれる水分を、吸着によって回収(脱水)する。
なお、圧縮機50、クーラー52、ノックアウトドラム54、及び脱水装置60の数及び設置順序は、一例であり、CO2ガスを圧縮すると共に脱水できれば、数及び設置順序は異なっていてもよい。
再生工程では、加熱されたCO2ガスが吸着塔62の開口68から供給されて開口66から送出される過程で、吸着が吸着した水分を熱により脱着し、加熱されたCO2ガスと共に脱着した水分を送出する。
なお、例えば、吸着工程は8時間行われる一方、再生工程は4時間行われ、スタンバイ工程は4時間行われる。
また、分岐された供給ライン64は、吸着塔62A,62Bに接続される前にバイパスされ、バイパスする供給ライン64には、バルブ80C,80Dが備えられている。バルブ80C,80Dの間には、再生ガスプレヒーター76を介して、再生ガスクーラー72に接続される供給ライン64が備えられている。
この場合、バルブ80A,80Dは開かれる一方、バルブ80B,80Cは閉じられる。また、バルブ80E,80Hは開かれる一方、バルブ80F,80Gは閉じられる。
これにより、ノックアウトドラム54-3から脱水装置60へ供給される水分を含んだCO2ガスは、吸着塔62Aで脱水され、圧縮機50-3へ戻される。そして、脱水されたCO2ガスの一部(例えば、10~30%であり、以下、「再生ガス」という。)は、再生ガスプレヒーター76を介して、再生ガスヒーター70へ供給される。なお、再生工程が終了すると、吸着工程へ移行するためのスタンバイ工程が吸着塔62Bで行われる。スタンバイ工程が行われる吸着塔62Bには、バルブ80Fが閉じられ、CO2ガスは送出されない。
一方、再生ガスヒーター70によって加熱される前の再生ガスの温度は、再生ガスプレヒーター76が備えられていない場合に比べて高くなるので、再生ガスヒーター70が再生ガスを加熱するために消費するエネルギーが低減される。
例えば、再生工程中の吸着塔62Bから送出される再生ガスは、再生工程開始後の30から60分ぐらいで、例えば約150°に到達し、その後徐々に温度が上がり、再生工程の終盤において、吸着塔62Bへの供給される温度と同じ約300℃となる。
具体的には、再生ガスヒーター70の入口又は出口における再生ガスの温度が、温度計96A又は温度計96Bによって計測され、計測結果に基づいて再生ガスヒーター70へ供給されるユーティリティ(蒸気量又は電力量)が調節される。
これにより、再生工程中の吸着塔62Bから送出されて再生ガスクーラー72によって加熱される前の再生ガスと吸着塔62Bから送出された再生ガスとを、より効率良く熱交換できる。
また、スタンバイ工程において再生ガスが吸着塔62Bへ供給されなくなっても、脱水装置60から圧縮機50へ戻されるCO2ガスの量は何ら変化しないので、CO2ガスが戻される圧縮機50の運転条件が変動することもない。このため、圧縮機50へ戻される再生ガスの量が変化することによる運転条件の変動が、CO2圧縮システム10の設計に影響を及ぼすという問題も解消される。
表1に示されるように、ユーティリティである電力量(BHP動力、熱交ヒートデューティ)は、従来のCO2圧縮システムに比べて再生ガスプレヒーター76A,76B、再生ガス圧縮機78を備えた本実施形態に係るCO2圧縮システム10の方が少ない。なお、再生ガス圧縮機78は、従来のCO2圧縮システムには備えられていないため、本実施形態に係るCO2圧縮システム10は再生ガス圧縮機78のBHP動力が増加する。しかし、再生ガス圧縮機78のBHP動力は小さいため、CO2圧縮システム10で削減されたBHP動力以下であり、合計としてBHP動力が減少する。
また、本実施形態に係るCO2圧縮システム10は、再生ガスヒーター70及び再生ガスクーラー72の熱交ヒートデューティも削減できる。
この理由は、従来のCO2圧縮システムでは、再生ガスが戻る圧縮機(図3の例では圧縮機202-2)の容量を他の圧縮機よりも大きく、所定の圧縮率で昇圧しなければならなかった。しかし、本実施形態に係るCO2圧縮システム10は、容量の小さい再生ガス圧縮機78によって再生ガスのみを脱水装置60で生じた圧力損失分のみ昇圧することで、容量の大きい圧縮機を備える必要がなくなったためである。再生ガス圧縮機78は、再生ガスが戻る圧縮機50と比較して、少量のガスを定圧縮率で昇圧するため容量が小さいので、容量の大きい圧縮機よりも消費電力が少なくて済む。
そして、脱水装置60は、吸着工程中の吸着塔62によって脱水されたCO2ガスの一部を再生ガスヒーター70によって加熱して、再生工程中の吸着塔62へ供給し、再生ガスヒーター70へ供給されるCO2ガスと再生工程中の吸着塔62から送出されるCO2ガスとを、再生ガスプレヒーター76によって熱交換する。次に脱水装置60は、再生工程中の吸着塔62から送出されて熱交換したCO2ガスを再生ガスクーラー72によって冷却し、冷却したCO2ガスから凝縮した水分を再生ガスノックアウトドラム74によって分離し、水分を分離したCO2ガスを吸着塔62に戻す。
50 圧縮機
60 脱水装置
62 吸着塔
70 再生ガスヒーター
72 再生ガスクーラー
74 再生ガスノックアウトドラム
76 再生ガスプレヒーター
78 再生ガス圧縮機
Claims (6)
- ガスに含まれる水分を吸着する吸着工程及び吸着した水分を脱着する再生工程を交互に行う吸着塔を、ガスの供給ラインに並列に複数備え、所定の前記吸着塔に前記吸着工程を行わせる間に他の前記吸着塔に前記再生工程を行わせる脱水装置であって、
前記吸着工程中の前記吸着塔によって脱水されたガスの一部を加熱して、前記再生工程中の前記吸着塔へ供給する加熱部と、
前記再生工程中の前記吸着塔から送出されたガスを冷却する冷却部と、
前記冷却部によって冷却されたガスから凝縮した水分を分離し、水分を分離したガスを前記吸着塔に戻す気液分離部と、
前記再生工程中の前記吸着塔から送出されて前記冷却部へ供給されるガスと前記加熱部へ供給されるガスとを、熱交換させる予加熱部と、
を備える脱水装置。 - 前記加熱部は、前記予加熱部による熱交換量に基づいて、ガスの加熱量を制御する請求項1記載の脱水装置。
- 前記気液分離部と前記吸着塔との間に設けられ、前記再生工程に用いられたガスに対して、前記再生工程による圧損を補うように昇圧する圧縮機を備える請求項1記載の脱水装置。
- 前記予加熱部は、複数備えられる請求項1記載の脱水装置。
- ガスを圧縮する複数の圧縮機と、
請求項1記載の脱水装置と、
を備え、
所定の前記圧縮機によって圧縮されたガスを前記脱水装置で脱水し、脱水されたガスを該所定の前記圧縮機の次段に備えられた前記圧縮機で更に圧縮するガス圧縮システム。 - ガスに含まれる水分を吸着する吸着工程及び吸着した水分を脱着する再生工程を交互に行う吸着塔を、ガスの供給ラインに並列に複数備え、所定の前記吸着塔に前記吸着工程を行わせる間に他の前記吸着塔に前記再生工程を行わせる脱水方法であって、
前記吸着工程中の前記吸着塔によって脱水されたガスの一部を加熱部によって加熱して、前記再生工程中の前記吸着塔へ供給し、
前記加熱部へ供給されるガスと前記再生工程中の前記吸着塔から送出されるガスとを、予加熱部によって熱交換し、
前記再生工程中の前記吸着塔から送出され、前記予加熱部によって熱交換したガスを冷却部によって冷却し、
前記冷却部によって冷却したガスから凝縮した水分を気液分離部によって分離し、水分を分離したガスを前記吸着塔に戻す
脱水方法。
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