WO2014106424A1 - 一种复合肥的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种复合肥的生产方法 Download PDF

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WO2014106424A1
WO2014106424A1 PCT/CN2013/089045 CN2013089045W WO2014106424A1 WO 2014106424 A1 WO2014106424 A1 WO 2014106424A1 CN 2013089045 W CN2013089045 W CN 2013089045W WO 2014106424 A1 WO2014106424 A1 WO 2014106424A1
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solution
fertilizer
chelate
liquid
compound fertilizer
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PCT/CN2013/089045
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French (fr)
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杨彪
牛传凯
曲洋
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迟英娟
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00Other organic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the production field of compound fertilizer and relates to a production method of compound fertilizer.
  • heavy metal pollution in the soil has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the heavy metals in the soil mainly come from pesticides, wastewater, sludge and atmospheric deposition. If the heavy metals contained in the soil cannot be effectively treated, they will be absorbed and accumulated by the crops, ultimately endangering human health. At present, the treatment of heavy metals in the soil cannot be completely removed, and some of the remaining heavy metals are easily absorbed and enriched by plants.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a compound fertilizer in view of the problems in the prior art described above.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a method for producing a compound fertilizer, the production steps of which are:
  • the saturated steam raises the temperature of the solution in the chelate reactor to 60-80 ° C, and the reaction is stirred for 0.5-1.2 h.
  • a chelate reaction liquid is obtained, and the total content of the trace elements in the weight ratio to the humic liquid is 1: 2-3, the weight ratio of antioxidant to humus is 0.5-3:2-3;
  • the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and filler kaolin are added to the mixer in a weight ratio of 3.2-3.4:4.5-4.9:3.8-4.8:1, and uniformly mixed, and the mixed inorganic fertilizer materials are uniformly put into the granulation by the conveying belt.
  • ammonia gas and 50% dilute sulfuric acid are respectively introduced into the inorganic fertilizer material layer through the ammonia pipe and the acid pipe, and then the chelating product is sprayed into the inorganic fertilizer material layer by high pressure spraying, and after being uniformly mixed Granulation, the weight of each component is as follows: ammonia, 3, 50% dilute sulfuric acid 4, inorganic fertilizer material 82.5-92.4, chelated product 9.1-12.3;
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid described in the step 1 is: the strains of the laboratory cultured Bacillus subtilis and the yeast are all connected to the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 4-8%. 30-40 ° C under oxygen isolation and culture for 3 days, Bacillus subtilis reached 400-600 million / mL, yeast reached 2-4 billion / mL, a composite bacterial solution was obtained;
  • the mass ratio of antioxidant to humic solution in step 2 is 1:1.
  • the weight ratio of the trace elements and elements in step 2 is: Ca 9-10, Mg 1.4-3, Zn 2.3-3.6, Fe 1.3-2.1, Mn 0.6-1, Cu 0.7-0.9, the inorganic salt of the medium trace element is any one of a sulfate, a chloride and a carbonate.
  • the antioxidant according to the second step is any one of reduced iron powder, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and fumaric acid.
  • the crop straw according to step 1 may be straw of any one of wheat, rice, corn, and sorghum.
  • the nitrogen fertilizer described in step 4 is urea
  • the phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate
  • the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
  • a method for producing a compound fertilizer the specific process steps are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: the strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast are all added to the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 6%, and the oxygen is stirred and cultured for 3 days at 35 ° C, and the Bacillus subtilis reaches 500 million /mL, yeast After the bacteria reaches 300 million / mL, a composite bacterial solution is obtained;
  • the method for producing a compound fertilizer of the invention comprises a large amount of sodium humate and potassium humate in the humic liquid prepared by using the straw and the crop straw as a raw material, and can be used as an organic chelating agent to chelate with the medium and trace elements as a nutrient of the plant. substance.
  • the humic acid in the humic solution can also sequester heavy metals in the soil to form precipitates, inhibiting the absorption of heavy metal ions by plants.
  • the finally prepared organic chelating type compound fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter, and the organic matter content in the soil is increased after application, and the heavy metal-reducing organism can be alleviated. Effectiveness, good adsorption and complexation ability for heavy metals in soil.
  • the method for producing a compound fertilizer of the invention combines the chelating step of the medium and trace elements with the direct granulation process for producing the compound fertilizer by the lysine method, and the organic chelating type compound fertilizer finally obtained by the process chelates the medium and trace elements It has strong ability to combine, directly granulates after chelation, does not require post-grinding and other processes, simplifies the process, and adds the humic liquid component which is fermented with bulrush and crop straw as raw materials, so that the organic chelated compound fertilizer is in the original Providing nutrients to crops can inhibit the absorption of heavy metals in the soil by plants, improve soil properties, and facilitate the absorption of nutrients by plants.
  • the organic chelating compound fertilizer prepared by the method of the invention contains 0.1-3% of medium and trace elements, has small application amount, high stability and high plant absorption rate.
  • the production method of a compound fertilizer of the invention has the following production steps:
  • the saturated steam raises the temperature of the solution in the chelate reactor to 60-80 ° C, and stirs the reaction for 0.5-1.2 h.
  • a chelate reaction liquid is obtained, and the total content of the trace elements in the weight ratio to the humic liquid is 1: 2-3, the weight ratio of antioxidant to humus is 0.5-3:2-3;
  • the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and filler kaolin are added to the mixer in a weight ratio of 3.2-3.4:4.5-4.9:3.8-4.8:1, and uniformly mixed, and the mixed inorganic fertilizer materials are uniformly put into the granulation by the conveying belt.
  • ammonia gas and 50% dilute sulfuric acid are respectively introduced into the inorganic fertilizer material layer through the ammonia pipe and the acid pipe, and then the chelating product is sprayed into the inorganic fertilizer material layer by high pressure spraying, and after being uniformly mixed Granulation, the weight of each component is as follows: ammonia, 3, 50% dilute sulfuric acid 4, inorganic fertilizer material 82.5-92.4, chelated product 9.1-12.3;
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid described in the step 1 is: the strains of the laboratory cultured Bacillus subtilis and the yeast are all connected to the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 4-8%. 30-40 ° C under oxygen isolation and culture for 3 days, Bacillus subtilis reached 400-600 million / mL, yeast reached 2-4 billion / mL, a composite bacterial solution was obtained;
  • the compound liquid obtained by expanding culture of Bacillus subtilis and yeast can anaerobicly fertilize the stalk and the crop straw, convert it into humic acid, and further convert the alkali to humate as a chelating agent for the chelation of the medium and trace elements.
  • Bacillus subtilis and yeast strains are cultured according to known techniques.
  • the preferred mass ratio of antioxidant to humic solution in step 2 is 1:1. This preferred mass ratio achieves the best chelation effect.
  • the weight ratio of the trace elements and elements in step 2 is: Ca 9-10, Mg 1.4-3, Zn 2.3-3.6, Fe 1.3-2.1, Mn 0.6-1, Cu 0.7-0.9, the inorganic salt of the medium trace element is any one of a sulfate, a chloride and a carbonate.
  • the weight ratio of medium and trace elements can better promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers by plants, which is in line with the demand for plant nutrient absorption.
  • the antioxidant according to the second step is any one of reduced iron powder, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and fumaric acid.
  • the selected antioxidants maximize the final production of the organic chelated fertilizer without being oxidized by air during use or long-term storage.
  • the crop straw according to step 1 may be straw of any one of wheat, rice, corn, and sorghum.
  • the selected crop straws make the prepared humus liquid contain a large amount of organic matter, which is beneficial to inhibit the absorption of heavy metals in the soil by plants.
  • the nitrogen fertilizer described in step 4 is urea
  • the phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate
  • the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
  • the selected nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers are mixed with the chelating products of the trace elements to achieve optimal absorption.
  • the method for producing a compound fertilizer of the present invention may have the following specific examples:
  • Embodiment 1 The specific production steps are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: the strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast are all inoculated into the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 4%, and the culture is stirred and stirred for 3 days at 30 ° C, and the Bacillus subtilis reaches 400 million/mL, yeast After the bacteria reaches 200 million / mL, a composite bacterial solution is obtained;
  • Embodiment 2 The specific production steps are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: the strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast are all added to the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 8%, and the oxygen is stirred and cultured for 3 days at 40 ° C, and the Bacillus subtilis reaches 600 million / mL, yeast After the bacteria reaches 400 million / mL, a composite bacterial solution is obtained;
  • Embodiment 3 The specific production steps are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: the strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast are all added to the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 6%, and the oxygen is stirred and cultured for 3 days at 35 ° C, and the Bacillus subtilis reaches 500 million /mL, yeast After the bacteria reaches 300 million / mL, a composite bacterial solution is obtained;
  • Embodiment 4 The specific production steps are as follows:
  • the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid is as follows: the strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast are all added to the expanded culture solution according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and the oxygen is stirred and cultured for 3 days at 35 ° C, and the Bacillus subtilis reaches 600 million / mL, yeast After the bacteria reaches 300 million / mL, a composite bacterial solution is obtained;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种复合肥的生产方法,生产步骤为:①将蒲草和农作物秸秆洗净、粉碎、混合,加入复合菌液和碳酸氢钠溶液进行发酵,发酵完成后加氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7-8,得腐植液;②将抗氧化剂、中微量元素的无机盐与腐植液混合,调节至pH=5-7,升温,搅拌,得螯合反应液;③将螯合反应液转入缓冲槽,维持pH=5-7,保温后得螯合产物;④将氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和高岭土混合均匀后投入到氨酸造粒机内;⑤将氨气和稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,喷入螯合产物后混合造粒;⑥造粒完成后,烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到有机螯合型复合肥。本发明工艺制备的有机螯合型复合肥,施用量小,稳定性高,植物吸收率高。

Description

一种复合肥的生产方法 技术领域
   本发明属于复合肥的生产领域,涉及一种复合肥的生产方法。
背景技术
   近年来,氮、磷、钾复合肥料被普遍使用,由于忽视了中微量元素的添加,因此虽然增加了复合肥料的使用量,农作物的产量不但并没有得到有效地提高,反而出现了作物病害加重、土地、水源污染的现象。为解决这个问题研究者逐渐意识到中微量元素添加的重要性。目前,市场上多数的含有中微量元素的复合肥料仅仅是将中微量元素的无机盐或氧化物简单的加入到氮磷钾复合肥中,由于土壤的固化作用以及离子间的拮抗作用,该方法往往造成中微量元素的利用率低下,不能有效地解决上述问题。部分厂家采用EDTA、EDDHA等作为螯合剂,但存在价格昂贵,生产成本高的问题。另有部分厂家采用腐植酸和黄腐酸作为螯合剂,但其螯合能力较弱。
   另外,随着环境污染加重,土壤的重金属污染也成为一个亟待解决的问题,土壤中的重金属主要来自于农药、废水、污泥和大气沉降等方面。土壤中含有的重金属如果不能得到有效的处理,就会被作物吸收积累,最终危害人类身体健康。目前,土壤中重金属的治理并不能实现彻底清除,残留的部分重金属极易被植物吸收并富集。
发明内容
   本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种复合肥的生产方法。
   本发明的目的采用以下技术方案实现:一种复合肥的生产方法,其生产步骤为:
  将蒲草和农作物秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到20-60目,按重量比2-3:1混合,然后加入复合菌液和浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,60-80℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7-8,得到腐植液,其中,蒲草和农作物秸秆的混合物料、复合菌液、15%的碳酸氢钠溶液的重量比为1:0.2-0.3:0.05-0.1;
   将抗氧化剂、中微量元素的无机盐加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=5-7,用0.6-0.9MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至60-80℃,搅拌反应0.5-1.2h,反应完成后,得到螯合反应液,中微量元素的总含量与腐植液的重量比为1:2-3,抗氧剂与腐植液的重量比为0.5-3:2-3;
   将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=5-7,60-80℃下保温30-40min后得到螯合产物;
   将氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和填料高岭土按重量比3.2-3.4:4.5-4.9:3.8-4.8:1加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
   在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将氨气和50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒,各组分重量配比如下:氨气3,50%的稀硫酸4,无机肥物料82.5-92.4、螯合产物9.1-12.3;
   造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到有机螯合型复合肥。
   步骤①所述的复合菌液的制备方法为:将实验室培养好的枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按4-8%的接种量接入扩大培养液中, 30-40℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到4-6亿/mL,酵母菌达到2-4亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
   扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 4.7g/kg,蛋白胨 6.2g/ kg,牛肉膏2.1g/ kg,七水硫酸镁 0.4g/ kg,硫酸锰 0.1g/ kg,三水乙酸钠 4.2g/ kg,pH=6-7,加水补足。
   步骤②中的抗氧剂与腐植液的质量比为1:1。
   步骤②所述的中微量元素及元素重量配比为:Ca 9-10、Mg 1.4-3、Zn 2.3-3.6、Fe 1.3-2.1、Mn 0.6-1、Cu 0.7-0.9,所述的中微量元素的无机盐为硫酸盐、氯化物、碳酸盐中的任一种。
   步骤②所述的抗氧剂为还原铁粉、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸中的任一种。
   步骤①所述的农作物秸秆可以为小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱中的任意一种农作物的秸秆。
   步骤④中所述的氮肥为尿素,磷肥为磷酸一铵或磷酸二铵,钾肥为硫酸钾或氯化钾。
   一种复合肥的生产方法,具体的工艺步骤如下:
   ①将15kg蒲草和6kg水稻秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到40目,混合后加入5.3kg复合菌液和1.7kg浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,70℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7.5,得到28.3kg腐植液;
复合菌液的制备方法为:将枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按6%的接种量接入扩大培养液中,35℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到5亿/mL,酵母菌达到3亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 24.9g,蛋白胨32.9g,牛肉膏11.1g,七水硫酸镁 2.1g,硫酸锰 0.5g,三水乙酸钠 22.3g,pH=6.5,加水至5.3kg;
   ②将19.8kg柠檬酸、20.5kg硫酸钙、4.4kg碳酸镁、4kg氯化锌、3.6kg氯化亚铁、1.7kg氯化锰、1.26kg硫酸铜加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入28.3kg腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=6,用0.8MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至70℃,搅拌反应0.8h,反应完成后,得到83.6kg螯合反应液;
   ③将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=6,70℃下保温35min后得到84.2kg螯合产物;
   ④将170.7kg尿素、243.2kg磷酸一铵、222.5kg氯化钾和51.7kg高岭土加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的688.2kg无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
   ⑤在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将23.6kg氨气和31.5kg 50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将84.2kg螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒;
   ⑥造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到773.8kg有机螯合型复合肥。
   本发明的一种复合肥的生产方法,以蒲草和农作物秸秆为原料制备的腐植液中含有大量腐植酸钠和腐植酸钾等,可作为有机螯合剂与中微量元素螯合,作为植物的营养物质。同时,腐植液中的腐植酸还可螯合土壤中的重金属生成沉淀,抑制植物对重金属离子的吸收。另外,由于腐植液中含有大量粉碎后的蒲草和农作物秸秆的有机纤维组分,因此最终制备的有机螯合型复合肥含有大量有机质,施用后增加了土壤中的有机质含量,可减轻重金属的生物有效性,对土壤中的重金属有较好的吸附和络合能力。
   本发明的一种复合肥的生产方法将中微量元素的螯合工序与氨酸法直接造粒生产复合肥料工序有机结合,该工艺最终制得的有机螯合型复合肥对中微量元素的螯合能力强,螯合后直接造粒,不需要后期粉碎等工序,简化了工艺流程,并添加了以蒲草和农作物秸秆为原料发酵制成的腐植液成分,使有机螯合型复合肥在原有为作物提供营养物质的基础之上能够抑制植物对土壤中的重金属的吸收,改善土壤性状,更加利于植物对营养物质的吸收。
   利用本发明工艺制备的有机螯合型复合肥,含有0.1-3%的中微量元素,施用量小,稳定性高,植物吸收率高。
   
具体实施方式
   本发明的一种复合肥的生产方法,其生产步骤为:
  将蒲草和农作物秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到20-60目,按重量比2-3:1混合,然后加入复合菌液和浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,60-80℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7-8,得到腐植液,其中,蒲草和农作物秸秆的混合物料、复合菌液、15%的碳酸氢钠溶液的重量比为1:0.2-0.3:0.05-0.1;
   将抗氧化剂、中微量元素的无机盐加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=5-7,用0.6-0.9MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至60-80℃,搅拌反应0.5-1.2h,反应完成后,得到螯合反应液,中微量元素的总含量与腐植液的重量比为1:2-3,抗氧剂与腐植液的重量比为0.5-3:2-3;
   将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=5-7,60-80℃下保温30-40min后得到螯合产物;
   将氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和填料高岭土按重量比3.2-3.4:4.5-4.9:3.8-4.8:1加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
   在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将氨气和50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒,各组分重量配比如下:氨气3,50%的稀硫酸4,无机肥物料82.5-92.4、螯合产物9.1-12.3;
   造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到有机螯合型复合肥。
   步骤①所述的复合菌液的制备方法为:将实验室培养好的枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按4-8%的接种量接入扩大培养液中, 30-40℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到4-6亿/mL,酵母菌达到2-4亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
   扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 4.7g/kg,蛋白胨 6.2g/ kg,牛肉膏2.1g/ kg,七水硫酸镁 0.4g/ kg,硫酸锰 0.1g/ kg,三水乙酸钠 4.2g/ kg,pH=6-7,加水补足。
   以枯草杆菌和酵母菌扩大培养获得的复合菌液能够将蒲草和农作物秸秆厌氧发酵,转化为腐植酸,进一步加碱转化为腐植酸盐,作为螯合剂用于中微量元素的螯合。枯草杆菌和酵母菌菌种按公知技术培养。
   步骤②中的抗氧剂与腐植液的优选的质量比为1:1。该优选的质量比能够达到最好的螯合效果。
   步骤②所述的中微量元素及元素重量配比为:Ca 9-10、Mg 1.4-3、Zn 2.3-3.6、Fe 1.3-2.1、Mn 0.6-1、Cu 0.7-0.9,所述的中微量元素的无机盐为硫酸盐、氯化物、碳酸盐中的任一种。
   中微量元素的重量配比能够较好的促进植物吸收氮肥、磷肥和钾肥,符合植物营养物质吸收的需求量。
   步骤②所述的抗氧剂为还原铁粉、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸中的任一种。所选的抗氧剂能够最大限度的使最终生产的有机螯合型肥料在使用过程或长期保存的过程中不被空气氧化。
   步骤①所述的农作物秸秆可以为小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱中的任意一种农作物的秸秆。所选的农作物秸秆使制备的腐植液中含有大量的有机质,利于抑制植物对土壤中重金属的吸收。
   步骤④中所述的氮肥为尿素,磷肥为磷酸一铵或磷酸二铵,钾肥为硫酸钾或氯化钾。所选的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥与中微量元素的螯合产物混合造粒后,能够达到最优的吸收效果。
   本发明的一种复合肥的生产方法,可以有以下具体的实施例:
实施例一 具体的生产步骤如下:
   将6.7kg蒲草和3.3kg小麦秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到20目,混合后加入2kg复合菌液和0.5kg浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,60℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7,得到14.6kg腐植液;
复合菌液的制备方法为:将枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按4%的接种量接入扩大培养液中,30℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到4亿/mL,酵母菌达到2亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 9.4g,蛋白胨12.4g,牛肉膏4.2g,七水硫酸镁 0.8g,硫酸锰 0.2g,三水乙酸钠 8.4g,pH=6,加水至2kg;
   将3.7kg还原铁粉、10.7kg碳酸钙、3.3kg硫酸镁、2.3kg氯化锌、1.7kg硫酸亚铁、1.0kg氯化锰、0.7kg氯化铜加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入14.6kg腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=5,用0.6MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至60℃,搅拌反应0.5h,反应完成后,得到38.5kg螯合反应液;
  将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=5,60℃下保温30min后得到38.6kg螯合产物;
  将89.6kg尿素、126kg磷酸一铵、106.4kg硫酸钾和28kg高岭土加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的350kg无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
  在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将12.7kg氨气和17kg 50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将38.6kg螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒;
  造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到378.6kg有机螯合型复合肥。
实施例二 具体的生产步骤如下:
  将7.5kg蒲草和2.5kg玉米秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到60目,混合后加入3kg复合菌液和1kg浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,80℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=8,得到15.9kg腐植液;
复合菌液的制备方法为:将枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按8%的接种量接入扩大培养液中,40℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到6亿/mL,酵母菌达到4亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 14.1g,蛋白胨18.6g,牛肉膏6.3g,七水硫酸镁 1.2g,硫酸锰 0.3g,三水乙酸钠 12.6g,pH=7,加水至3kg;
  将15.9kg抗坏血酸、11kg氯化钙、3.1kg氯化镁、2.3kg硫酸锌、1.8kg氯化亚铁、0.7kg硫酸锰、0.5kg氯化铜加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入15.9kg腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=7,用0.9MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至80℃,搅拌反应1.2h,反应完成后,得到51.2kg螯合反应液;
  将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=7,80℃下保温40min后得到52.1kg螯合产物;
  将94.5kg尿素、136.2kg磷酸二铵、133.5kg氯化钾和27.8kg高岭土加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的392.2kg无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
  在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将4.1kg氨气和5.7kg 50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将52.1kg螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒;
  造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到420.2kg有机螯合型复合肥。
实施例三 具体的生产步骤如下:
   ①将15kg蒲草和6kg水稻秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到40目,混合后加入5.3kg复合菌液和1.7kg浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,70℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7.5,得到28.3kg腐植液;
复合菌液的制备方法为:将枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按6%的接种量接入扩大培养液中,35℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到5亿/mL,酵母菌达到3亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 24.9g,蛋白胨32.9g,牛肉膏11.1g,七水硫酸镁 2.1g,硫酸锰 0.5g,三水乙酸钠 22.3g,pH=6.5,加水至5.3kg;
   ②将19.8kg柠檬酸、20.5kg硫酸钙、4.4kg碳酸镁、4kg氯化锌、3.6kg氯化亚铁、1.7kg氯化锰、1.26kg硫酸铜加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入28.3kg腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=6,用0.8MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至70℃,搅拌反应0.8h,反应完成后,得到83.6kg螯合反应液;
   ③将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=6,70℃下保温35min后得到84.2kg螯合产物;
   ④将170.7kg尿素、243.2kg磷酸一铵、222.5kg氯化钾和51.7kg高岭土加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的688.2kg无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
   ⑤在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将23.6kg氨气和31.5kg 50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将84.2kg螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒;
   ⑥造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到743.8kg有机螯合型复合肥。
实施例四 具体的生产步骤如下:
   ①将9kg蒲草和3kg高粱秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到50目,混合后加入2.4kg复合菌液和1.2kg浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,60℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=8,得到16.2kg腐植液;
复合菌液的制备方法为:将枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按5%的接种量接入扩大培养液中,35℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到6亿/mL,酵母菌达到3亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 11.3g,蛋白胨14.9g,牛肉膏5g,七水硫酸镁 1g,硫酸锰 0.2g,三水乙酸钠 10.1g,pH=6.5,加水至2.4kg;
   ②将2.7kg富马酸、13.8kg硫酸钙、5.4kg氯化镁、2.2kg氯化锌、2.6kg硫酸亚铁、0.9kg氯化锰、1kg硫酸铜加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入16.2kg腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=6,用0.9MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至70℃,搅拌反应1h,反应完成后,得到44.8kg螯合反应液;
   ③将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=6,70℃下保温35min后得到45 kg螯合产物;
   ④将113.3kg尿素、173.6kg磷酸一铵、134.6kg氯化钾和35.4kg高岭土加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的456.9kg无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
   ⑤在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将14.8kg氨气和19.8kg 50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将45kg螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒;
   ⑥造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到481.9kg有机螯合型复合肥。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:其生产步骤为:
    ①将蒲草和农作物秸秆分别洗净后,粉碎到20-60目,按重量比2-3:1混合,然后加入复合菌液和浓度为15%的碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌2h后,密封,60-80℃下保温发酵5天,然后向发酵完的液体中加入15%的氢氧化钾溶液至pH=7-8,得到腐植液,其中,蒲草和农作物秸秆的混合物料、复合菌液、15%的碳酸氢钠溶液的重量比为1:0.2-0.3:0.05-0.1;
    ②将抗氧剂、中微量元素的无机盐加入到螯合反应釜中,然后向螯合反应釜中加入腐植液,用无机酸或无机碱稀溶液调节至pH=5-7,用0.6-0.9MPa的饱和蒸汽将螯合反应釜中的溶液升温至60-80℃,搅拌反应0.5-1.2h,反应完成后,得到螯合反应液,中微量元素的总含量与腐植液的重量比为1:2-3,抗氧剂与腐植液的重量比为0.5-3:2-3;
    ③将螯合反应液转入螯合缓冲槽内,维持pH=5-7,60-80℃下保温30-40min后得到螯合产物;
    ④将氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和填料高岭土按重量比3.2-3.4:4.5-4.9:3.8-4.8:1加入到混合机内混合均匀,经输送皮带将混合后的无机肥物料均匀投入到氨酸造粒机内;
    ⑤在造粒机内通过氨管和酸管分别将氨气和50%的稀硫酸通入到无机肥物料层中,然后将螯合产物经高压喷雾喷入到无机肥物料层中,混合均匀后造粒,各组分重量配比如下:氨气3,50%的稀硫酸4,无机肥物料82.5-92.4、螯合产物9.1-12.3;
    ⑥造粒完成后,进行烘干、筛分、表面处理,得到复合肥。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤①所述的复合菌液的制备方法为:将实验室培养好的枯草杆菌和酵母菌的菌种均按4-8%的接种量接入扩大培养液中, 30-40℃下隔绝氧气搅拌培养3天,枯草杆菌达到4-6亿/mL,酵母菌达到2-4亿/mL之后,得到复合菌液;
       扩大培养液的配方为:葡萄糖 4.7g/kg,蛋白胨 6.2g/ kg,牛肉膏2.1g/ kg,七水硫酸镁 0.4g/ kg,硫酸锰 0.1g/ kg,三水乙酸钠 4.2g/ kg,pH=6-7,加水补足。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤②中的抗氧剂与腐植液的质量比为1:1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤②所述的中微量元素及元素重量配比为:Ca 9-10、Mg 1.4-3、Zn 2.3-3.6、Fe 1.3-2.1、Mn 0.6-1、Cu 0.7-0.9,所述的中微量元素的无机盐为硫酸盐、氯化物、碳酸盐中的任一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤②所述的抗氧剂为还原铁粉、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸中的任一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤①所述的农作物秸秆为小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱中的任意一种农作物的秸秆。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合肥的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤④中所述的氮肥为尿素,磷肥为磷酸一铵或磷酸二铵,钾肥为硫酸钾或氯化钾。
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US11787749B2 (en) 2020-04-15 2023-10-17 Innovations for World Nutrition, LLC Fertilizer and plant growth promoter to increase plant yield and method of increasing plant yield
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CN114271395A (zh) * 2022-01-05 2022-04-05 赣州美园畜牧有限公司 一种猪饲料混合发酵加工方法及其加工装置
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