WO2014101900A2 - 一种低碳脂加氢制备乙醇的方法 - Google Patents
一种低碳脂加氢制备乙醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014101900A2 WO2014101900A2 PCT/CN2014/000127 CN2014000127W WO2014101900A2 WO 2014101900 A2 WO2014101900 A2 WO 2014101900A2 CN 2014000127 W CN2014000127 W CN 2014000127W WO 2014101900 A2 WO2014101900 A2 WO 2014101900A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of catalytic chemistry, and provides a novel process for introducing a low-carbon ester of a raw material into a catalyst bed fixed bed reactor through a gas distributor and an application thereof.
- ethanol has good mutual solubility. It can be blended into gasoline as a blending component, partially replaces gasoline, and increases the Xinxin value and oxygen content of gasoline, effectively promoting the full combustion of gasoline and reducing it. The emission of CO and HC in automobile exhaust. As a partial replacement for vehicle fuels, ethanol can provide a variety of structural features for automotive fuels in China. At present, China mainly uses fuel, especially corn, as raw material to develop fuel ethanol. It has become the third largest producer and consumer of fuel ethanol after Brazil and the United States. However, according to China's national conditions, there are many unfavorable factors for ethanol production from grain. In the future, the development of fuel ethanol in China is more than a non-food route.
- the process route of coal-to-ethanol is mainly divided into two types: one is that the synthesis gas directly produces ethanol, but the noble metal ruthenium catalyst is required, the cost of the catalyst is high and the yield of ruthenium is limited; the second is that the synthesis gas is hydrogenated by acetic acid to produce ethanol.
- the synthesis gas is first subjected to liquid phase carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid, which is then hydrogenated to synthesize ethanol.
- This route is mature, but the equipment needs special alloys that are resistant to corrosion, and the cost is high.
- the ester hydrogenation reaction is a strong exothermic process
- the following fixed bed reactors are generally used for the strong exothermic reaction: adiabatic reactor; internal heat exchanger reactor; tubular reactor; gas phase cold Catalytic reactor; gas phase quench reactor.
- the above reactor is stored in the process of industrialization In the catalyst bed temperature distribution is uneven and difficult to control, it is difficult to carry out large-scale industrial production. Summary of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of ethanol by hydrogenation of a low carbon ester on a copper-based catalyst.
- the temperature of the catalyst bed is difficult to control, and hot spots are easily generated, thereby increasing side reactions, reducing the selectivity of the target product, and shortening the life of the catalyst.
- the present invention provides a method for hydrogenating a low carbon ester to produce ethanol, comprising passing a raw material gas containing a low carbon ester and hydrogen through a reaction zone containing a copper-based catalyst at a reaction temperature of 200 to 320 ° C. , the reaction pressure is 0. 5 ⁇ 20.
- reaction zone contains a reactor, or a plurality of reactors connected in series and/or in parallel; each reactor contains at least one catalyst bed, and the feed gas is evenly distributed to each catalyst through a gas distributor located in the middle of the reactor Bed.
- the gas distributor is located in the middle of the reactor, the catalyst bed is located between the distributor and the inner wall of the reactor, and the low-carbon ester gas in the raw material gas or the raw material gas enters the distributor axially, through The distributor is evenly distributed radially to each catalyst bed.
- the reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
- the number of catalyst beds in the reactor is 2 to 20, and preferably 2 to 6.
- the reaction zone comprises one reactor, or a plurality of reactors connected in series.
- the reaction zone contains 2 to 20 reactors.
- the reaction zone contains 2 to 6 reactors connected in series.
- the lower carbon ester has a carbon number of 3 to 5, preferably one selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl formate, and ethyl propionate. A variety.
- reaction temperature is 220 to 28 (TC).
- reaction pressure is 2.0 to 10.0 MPa.
- the gas volumetric space velocity is 2000 to 20000 h.
- the molar ratio of the lower carbon ester to the hydrogen in the feed gas is l/5 ⁇ l/50.
- the copper-based catalyst may further contain auxiliary agents A and/or B in addition to the active component copper, and the total mass percentage of the three is 100%, wherein the total mass percentage is 100%.
- the active component Cu is present in the form of an oxide, and the weight percentage in the catalyst is 10.0 to 50.0 wt% based on the metal element;
- the auxiliary A is present in the form of a metal element oxide, and the metal element is selected from the group consisting of Zn, One or more of Cr, Mn, Al, and Fe, in a catalyst, in a catalyst content of 0.0 to 50.0 wt%;
- an auxiliary B in the form of a metal element oxide, the metal element being selected from Zr One or more of B, Ce, Si, and Ti are contained in the catalyst in an amount of from 0.0 to 50.0% by weight based on the metal element.
- the catalyst promoter functions to increase the catalytic performance of the catalyst.
- the copper-based catalyst is reduced with hydrogen, or hydrogen diluted with an inert gas, or a synthesis gas (a mixture of H 2 and CO) before the reaction, and then reacted.
- the outstanding advantage of the present invention is that the feedstock low carbon ester is fed through the gas distributor, which can effectively control the temperature distribution of the catalyst bed, avoid hot spots, thereby reducing side reactions, improving the selectivity of the target product, and prolonging the life of the catalyst.
- FIG. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the gas distributor
- Figure 1 (b) Schematic diagram of a fixed bed reactor with a gas distributor inside
- FIG. 3 Schematic diagram of a conventional fixed bed reactor
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a series process of a plurality of fixed bed reactors containing a gas distributor.
- both the conversion of the lower ester and the selectivity of the ethanol are calculated based on the moles of carbon of the lower ester:
- Low carbon ester conversion [(lower carbon ester carbon moles in the feed gas) - (low carbon ester carbon mole in the product) Number)] ⁇ (mole of low carbon ester carbon in raw material gas) ⁇ ( ⁇ %)
- Ethanol selectivity (moles of ethanol in the product) ⁇ [(moles of low carbon esters in the feed gas)
- the preparation procedure of the Cu-Zn-Al-0 catalyst of the invention is as follows: a nitrate mixed solution of copper nitrate hexahydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate is vigorously stirred at room temperature to prepare a precipitant Na 2 CC solution. The mixture was slowly dropped thereto, and a coprecipitation reaction was carried out at a constant pH to 9.0 at a constant stirring speed. After stirring for an additional 150 min, the precipitate was aged overnight. The precipitate was washed with deionized water to neutrality and centrifuged. The obtained precipitate was dried in an oven at 120 ° C for 24 h.
- Example 3 Analytical method of product
- the starting materials and the resulting product were analyzed on an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph.
- the chromatograph is equipped with dual detectors FID and TCD, and has a ten-way valve that allows the product to enter the packed column and capillary column separately.
- a hydrogen flame detector detects hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers in the product, and a thermal conductivity detector detects hydrogen and hydrogen in the feedstock and product. Data was processed using Agilent's Chemstation software.
- FID column HP-PLOT-Q 19091S-001, 50m x 0.2mm (inside diameter), 0.5 ⁇ m film thickness
- Carrier gas helium, 2.5 ml/min
- TCD column carbon molecular sieve column, Porapak-Q 2m x 2mm (inside diameter)
- Carrier gas helium, 20ml/min
- Gas distributors are conventional distributors in the industry.
- the metal tube used for the design of this experiment is closed at one end, and the wall is opened, as shown in Figure 1 (a).
- the diameter, height, aperture, and amount of the distributor are determined by the size of the device.
- the reactor with the gas distributor inside is shown in Figure 1 (b).
- 500 ml of the shaped 50Cu35Znl5AlO catalyst was packed into a fixed bed reactor having an inner diameter of 036 mm.
- the inside of the reactor had a 015 mm low carbon ester gas distributor, and the catalyst was packed outside the gas distributor.
- the lower carbon ester is evenly distributed into the catalyst bed through a gas distributor.
- the reacted material was subjected to on-line analysis of the chromatographic full component. There is a thermocouple reaction temperature in the catalyst bed.
- the lower carbon ester hydrogenation reaction was carried out using methyl acetate having a purity of 99.5% and 99.99% hydrogen as a reaction raw material.
- the reactor inlet temperature was 220 ° C
- the reaction pressure gauge pressure
- MAc/H2 1/5.
- the catalyst bed temperature rise, methyl acetate conversion rate and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 2, and the stability results are shown in Fig. 2.
- a conventional fixed bed reactor is shown in Figure 3.
- 500ml of 50Cu35Znl5AlO catalyst was packed into a fixed-bed reactor with an inner diameter of 036mm.
- the reactor has a 06mm thermowell inside the reactor.
- the catalyst is filled for a period of time.
- the bed is about 500mm high.
- Methyl acetate and H2 are fed from the top. material.
- the reactor outlet product was subjected to a full-component online analysis of the chromatogram.
- a plurality of thermocouples in the catalyst were subjected to temperature measurement, and methyl acetate methylate having a purity of 99.5% and 99.99% of hydrogen were used as a reaction raw material to carry out a reaction of hydrogenating methyl acetate.
- the reactor inlet temperature was 220 ° C
- the reaction pressure gauge pressure
- MAc/H2 1/5
- methyl acetate and hydrogen were uniformly mixed.
- Catalyst Bed temperature rise, methyl acetate conversion and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 3 below.
- the results of the stability of this experiment are shown in Figure 4.
- the 50Cu35Znl5AlO catalyst was packed as in Example 4.
- the catalyst bed temperature rise, methyl acetate conversion and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 4:
- the 50Cu35Znl5AlO catalyst was packed as in Example 4.
- the methyl acetate feed enters the catalyst bed through a gas distributor.
- the catalyst bed temperature rise, methyl acetate conversion rate and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 5:
- the 50Cu35Znl5AlO catalyst was packed as in Example 4.
- the methyl acetate feed enters the catalyst bed through a gas distributor.
- the catalyst bed temperature rise, methyl acetate conversion rate and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 6:
- the 50Cu35Znl5AlO catalyst was packed as in Example 4.
- the ester starting material comprises: ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl propionate, which enters the catalyst bed through a gas distributor. Ester conversion and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 7 below:
- the MAc conversion and ethanol selectivity are shown in Table 8 below:
- the reactor inlet temperature is 230 ° C
- the reaction pressure gauge pressure
- H2/MAc 10/l
- the acetate raw materials are divided into 4 parts from the first to the fourth.
- the reactor feed port enters the catalyst bed. The temperature rise of the catalyst bed, the conversion of methyl acetate and the selectivity of ethanol are shown in Table 9:
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种低碳酯加氢制备乙醇的方法,包括将含有低碳酯和氢气的原料气通过反应器中间的气体分布器均匀分配到装有铜基催化剂的催化剂床层,在反应温度200〜320°C、反应压力0.5〜20.0Mpa、体积空速1000〜40000h—1下,进行加氢反应,制备乙醇,其中低碳酯与氢气的摩尔比为1/2〜1/100。原料低碳酯通过反应器中间的气体分布器均匀分配到整个催化剂床层,可以明显提高低碳酯的转化率,有效控制催化剂床层的温度分布,明显提高目的产物的转化率及选择性,延长催化剂寿命。
Description
一种低碳酯加氢制备乙醇的方法 技术领域
本发明属于催化化学领域, 提供了一种原料低碳酯通过气体分布器进 入催化剂床层固定床反应器新工艺及其应用。 背景技术
随现代工业的迅速发展, 能源供需矛盾日趋突出。 我国作为能源消费 大国, 同吋又是能源短缺大国, 迫切需要寻找可替代能源。 乙醇作为一种 清洁能源, 具有很好的互溶性, 可以作为调合组分掺加到汽油中, 部分替 代汽油, 并提高汽油的辛垸值及含氧量, 有效促进汽油的充分燃烧, 减少 汽车尾气中 CO、 HC的排放量。 乙醇作为车用燃料的部分替代品, 可使我 国的车用燃料呈现多元化的结构特征。 目前我国主要以粮食尤其是玉米为 原料发展燃料乙醇, 己成为仅次于巴西、 美国的第三大燃料乙醇生产和消 费国,但根据我国国情,以粮食为原料进行乙醇生产存在诸多的不利因素, 未来我国燃料乙醇发展更多的是非粮食路线。
从煤炭资源出发, 经合成气生产乙醇是我国新型煤化工产业发展的一 个重要方向, 具有广阔的市场前景。 这对煤炭资源清洁利用, 缓解石油资 源紧缺的矛盾, 提高我国能源安全, 具有重要的战略意义和深远影响。
目前, 煤制乙醇的工艺路线主要分为 2种: 一是合成气直接制乙醇, 但需贵金属铑催化剂, 催化剂的成本较高并且铑的产量有限; 二是合成气 经醋酸加氢制乙醇, 合成气先经甲醇液相羰基化制乙酸, 进而加氢合成乙 醇。 此路线工艺成熟, 但设备需要抗腐蚀的特种合金, 成本较高。
以二甲醚为原料, 通过羰基化直接合成乙酸甲酯, 进而加氢制乙醇的 路线尚处于研究阶段, 但是一条很有应用前景的全新路线。
由于酯类加氢反应是一强放热过程, 在工业实施中, 对于强放热反应 一般采用以下的固定床反应器: 绝热反应器; 内换热反应器; 列管式反应 器; 气相冷激反应器; 气相急冷反应器。 以上反应器在工业化的过程中存
在催化剂床层温度分布不均并较难控制, 难于进行大规模的工业化生产。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在铜基催化剂上进行低碳酯加氢制取乙 醇的方法。 目前常规的固定床催化工艺, 催化剂床层温度难于控制, 易出 现热点, 从而增加副反应, 降低目标产物的选择性, 缩短催化剂的寿命。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种低碳酯加氢制备乙醇的方法, 包 括将含有低碳酯和氢气的原料气通过装有铜基催化剂的反应区, 在反应温 度 200〜320°C、 反应压力 0. 5〜20. 0Mpa、 体积空速 1000〜40000 h-1下, 进行加氢反应, 制备乙醇, 其中低碳酯与氢气的摩尔比为 1/2〜1/100; 所 述反应区含有一个反应器, 或通过串联和 /或并联方式连接的多个反应器; 每个反应器中含有至少一个催化剂床层, 原料气通过位于反应器中间的气 体分布器均匀分配到各催化剂床层。本领域技术人员可以根据实际工业生 产的需要, 选择适合的反应器数量、 种类以及各反应器之间的连接方式。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述气体分布器位于反应器中间, 催化剂 床层位于分布器与反应器内壁之间, 所述原料气或原料气中的低碳酯气体 轴向进入分布器, 通过分布器径向均匀分配到各催化剂床层。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述反应器为固定床反应器。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述反应器中的催化剂床层数量为 2〜20 个, 优选数量为 2~6个。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述反应区包含一个反应器, 或多个串联 的反应器。
作为一个优选的实施方式,所述反应区包含反应器的数量为 2〜20个。 作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述反应区包含 2〜6个串联的反应器。 作为一个优选的实施方式,所述低碳酯碳原子数为 3~5的酯,优选选 自乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 甲酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯中的一种或多种。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述反应温度为 220〜28(TC。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述反应压力为 2.0〜10.0MPa。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述气体体积空速为 2000〜20000 h 作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述原料气中低碳酯和氢气的的摩尔比为
l/5〜l/50。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述铜基催化剂除活性组分铜外, 还可以 任选含有助剂 A和 /或 B,以金属元素计,三者总的质量百分含量为 100%, 其中:
活性组分 Cu, 以氧化物形式存在, 以金属元素计, 在催化剂中的重 量百分含量为 10.0〜50.0 wt%; 助剂 A, 以金属元素氧化物形式存在, 金 属元素为选自 Zn、 Cr、 Mn、 Al、 Fe中的一种或多种, 以金属元素计, 在 催化剂中的含量为 0.0〜50.0 wt%; 助剂 B, 以金属元素氧化物形式存在, 金属元素为选自 Zr、 B、 Ce, Si, Ti中的一种或多种, 以金属元素计, 在 催化剂中的含量为 0.0〜50.0 wt%。
根据本领域公知常识, 所述催化剂助剂, 其作用在于提高催化剂的催 化能力。
作为一个优选的实施方式, 所述铜基催化剂在反应前用氢气、 或惰性 气体稀释的氢气, 或合成气 (H2和 CO的混合气) 还原, 然后进行反应。
本发明突出的优点是, 原料低碳酯通过气体分布器进料, 可以有效控 制催化剂床层的温度分布, 避免热点发生, 从而减少副反应, 提高目的产 物的选择性, 延长催化剂寿命。 附图说明
图 1 (a) 气体分布器的结构示意图
图 1 (b) 内部有气体分布器的固定床反应器示意图
图 2 内部有低碳酯气体分布器固定床反应器的稳定性结果
图 3 常规固定床反应器示意图
图 4 常规固定床反应器的稳定性结果
图 5 内含气体分布器的多个固定床反应器串联流程示意图 具体实施方式
实施例中, 低碳酯的转化率和乙醇的选择性都基于低碳酯的碳摩尔数 进行计算:
低碳酯转化率 = [(原料气中低碳酯碳摩尔数)一 (产物中低碳酯碳摩尔
数)] ÷ (原料气中低碳酯碳摩尔数) χ(ιοο%)
乙醇选择性 = (产物中乙醇碳摩尔数) ÷ [(原料气中低碳酯摩尔数)一
(产物中低碳酯摩尔数) X 2] X (100%)
以下通过实施例对本发明做出详细阐述, 但本发明并不局限于如下实 施例。 实施例 1 催化剂的制备及成型
本发明所述 Cu-Zn-Al-0催化剂制备步骤如下: 将六水硝酸铜、 六水 硝酸锌、 九水硝酸铝的硝酸盐混合溶液, 在室温下剧烈搅拌, 将沉淀剂 Na2CC 溶液缓慢滴到其中, 在恒定 pH值到 9.0、 恒定搅拌速度下进行共 沉淀反应。 继续搅拌 150min之后, 将沉淀老化过夜。 将沉淀用去离子水 洗涤至中性, 离心分离。 所得沉淀在 120°C烘箱中干燥 24h, 干燥后样品 置于马弗炉中, 以 2°C/min的升温速率升温到 350°C, 焙烧 3h, 得到焙烧 后的样品,造粒, 破碎, 筛选 10~20目备用。 50wt%Cu, 35wt%Zn, 15%A1 的铜基催化剂表示为: 50Cu35Znl5AlO, 其他催化剂的制备过程及表示方 法类同, 具体如下表 1 : 表 1 样品编号与制备条件的对应关系
开始考察时, 首先将实施例 1所制备的催化剂在 250°C, 纯氢气, 或 加稀释气, 或合成气的条件下还原 5小时, 然后把床层的温度降到指定的 反应温度, 通入原料气进行反应。 反应器的由电加热炉加热, 反应温度的 控制由插入催化剂床层的热偶确定。 原料气和产品气组成通过 Angilent7890气相色谱检测。 除非有另外的说明, 本发明以下的实例均在 上述的实验条件下进行。 实施例 3. 产物的分析方法
原料和所得产品用 Agilent 7890A气相色谱进行分析。 色谱配有双检 测器 FID和 TCD, 并有一个十通阀, 可以使得产品同时分别进入填充柱 和毛细柱。 氢火焰检测器检测产物中的碳氢化合物, 醇类, 醚类, 热导检 测器检测原料和产物中的氢气, 氢气。 数据用 Agilent的 Chemstation软件 处理。
Agilent的具体色谱条件如下:
色谱: Agilent 7890A
FID色谱柱: HP-PLOT-Q 19091S-001 , 50m x 0.2mm (内径 ), 0.5 μ m 膜厚
载气: 氦气, 2.5 ml/min
柱箱温度: 35°C保持 5min
35-150°C , 5°C/min
150 °C保持 lO min
进样口: 分流 (50:1 ) 温度: 170 °C
检测器: FID 250 °C
TCD色谱柱: 碳分子筛柱, Porapak-Q 2m x 2mm (内径)
载气: 氦气, 20ml/min
柱箱温度: 35 °C保持 5min
35-150 °C, 5°C/min
150 °C保持 lO min
进样口: 温度: 170 °C
检测器: TCD 200 V 实施例 4
气体分布器为工业中的常规分布器。 本实验中所用的为自己设计加 工, 一端封闭的金属管, 壁上开孔, 如示意图 1 (a)。 分布器的直径大小、 高度, 孔径, 空数量由装置规模确定。 内部有气体分布器的反应器如示意 图 1 (b)。 将 500ml的成型 50Cu35Znl5AlO催化剂填装到内径为 036mm 的固定床反应器中, 反应器内部有 015mm的低碳酯气体分布器, 催化剂 装填于气体分布器之外。低碳酯通过气体分布器均匀地分配到催化剂床层 中。 反应后的物料进行色谱全组分在线分析。 催化剂床层中有热偶测反应 温度。 以纯度为 99.5%的乙酸甲酯, 99.99%氢气为反应原料, 进行低碳酯 加氢反应。
反应器入口温度 220°C, 反应压力 (表压) 10.0 MPa, 原料的体积空 速 GHSV=2000 h , MAc/H2=l/5。催化剂床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙 醇选择性如表 2所示, 稳定性结果如图 2所示。 表 2 催化剂床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙醇选择性
对比例 1
常规固定床反应器如图 3。将 500ml的成型 50Cu35Znl5AlO催化剂填 装到内径为 036mm的固定床反应器中,反应器内部有 06mm的热偶套管; 催化剂一段填装, 床层高约 500mm左右, 乙酸甲酯, H2从上部进料。 反 应器出口产物进行色谱的全组分在线分析。催化剂中有多根热偶进行温度 测定, 以纯度为 99.5%的乙酸甲酯, 99.99%氢气为反应原料, 进行乙酸甲 酯加氢的反应。
反应器入口温度 220°C, 反应压力 (表压) 10.0 MPa, 原料的体积空 速 GHSV=2000 h , MAc/H2=l/5, 乙酸甲酯和氢气混合均匀进料。催化剂
床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙醇选择性如下表 3所示。 本实验稳定性的 结果如图 4所示。
50Cu35Znl5AlO催化剂填装如实施例 4, 反应条件如下: 反应器入口 温度 280Ό ,反应压力(表压)2.0 MPa,原料的体积空速 GHSV=20000 h , MAc/H2=l/100, 乙酸甲酯原料通过气体分布器进入到催化剂床层。 催化 剂床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙醇选择性如表 4所示:
50Cu35Znl5AlO催化剂填装如实施例 4, 反应条件如下: 反应器入口 温度 200 °C,反应压力(表压) 0.5 MPa,原料的体积空速 GHSV=40000 h'1, MAc/H2=l/2, 乙酸甲酯原料通过气体分布器进入到催化剂床层。 催化剂 床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙醇选择性如表 5所示:
50Cu35Znl5AlO催化剂填装如实施例 4, 反应条件如下: 反应器入口 温度 320°C,反应压力(表压)20.0 MPa,原料的体积空速 GHSV=1000 h'1, MAc/H2=l/100, 乙酸甲酯原料通过气体分布器进入到催化剂床层。 催化 剂床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙醇选择性如表 6所示:
表 6 催化剂床层温升、 乙酸甲酯转化率及乙醇选择性
热偶位置 1 2 3 4 MAc总转化率% EtOH选择性% 床层温升 (。c ) 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 99.99 95.98 实施例 8
50Cu35Znl5AlO催化剂填装如实施例 4, 反应条件如下: 反应器入口 温度 230°C , 反应压力 (表压) 5MPa, 原料的体积空速 GHSV-ASOOh'1, MAC/H2=1/10, 低碳酯原料, 包括: 甲酸乙酯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 丙 酸乙酯, 通过气体分布器进入到催化剂床层。 酯类转化率和乙醇选择性如 下表 7:
表 7 酯类转化率及乙醇选择性
催化剂填装如实施例 4, 反应条件如下: 反应器入口温度 230Ό , 反 应压力 (表压) 5MPa, 原料的体积空速 GHSV-ASOOh'1, MAc/H2=l/10, 原料为乙酸甲酯,通过气体分布器进入到催化剂床层中。 MAc转化率和乙 醇的选择性如下表 8:
表 8 乙酸甲酯转化率及选择性
编号 催化剂 MAc转化率 /% EtOH选择性 /%
1 10Cu50Zn40ZrO 96.8 99.0
2 50Cu0Zn50ZrO 96.5 99.2
3 30Cu20Zn50BO 96.6 98.9
4 25Cu25Zn50CeO 97.3 99.0
5 30Cu20Zn50SiO 96.3 99.2
6 20Cu30Zn50TiO 97.7 98.6
7 30Cu20Cr50BO 96.5 99.1
8 30Cu20Si50MnO 96.3 98.7
9 30Cu20Ce50AlO 96.2 99.2
10 30Cu20Ti50FeO 97.6 99.3
11 30Cu50Cr20BO 96.3 99.1
12 40Cu50Si30MnO 97.1 98.3
13 30Cu50Ce20AlO 96.8 99.1
14 35Cu50Til0FeO 97.0 98.8 实施例 10
多个反应器串联的流程如图 5。将 500ml的上述 50Cu35Znl5AlO催化 剂填装到内径为 036mm的四个固定床反应器中, 反应器内部有 015mm 的乙酸酯气体分布器; 两个反应器之间都带有乙酸甲酯的进口。 同时每个 反应器的出口都装有取样口, 进行色谱的全组分在线分析。 每个反应器的 催化剂床层中都有热偶测温度, 以纯度为 99.5%的乙酸甲酯, 99.99%氢气 为反应原料, 进行乙酸甲酯加氢的反应。
反应器入口温度 230°C, 反应压力 (表压) 5MPa, 原料的体积空速 GHSV=4500h'1, H2/MAc =10/l , 乙酸酯原料均分成 4部分从第一至第四 个反应器进料口进入到催化剂床层中。 催化剂床层的温升、 乙酸甲酯的转 化率和乙醇选择性如表 9所示:
表 10 不同数量的反应器串联的转化率及选择性
Claims
1. 一种低碳酯加氢制备乙醇的方法, 其特征在于, 将含有低碳酯和 氢气的原料气通过装有铜基催化剂的反应区,在反应温度 200〜320°C、反 应压力 0.5〜20.0Mpa、体积空速 1000〜40000 h'1下, 进行加氢反应, 制备 乙醇; 其中原料气中低碳酯与氢气的摩尔比为 1/2〜1/100; 所述反应区含 有一个反应器,或通过串联和 /或并联方式连接的多个反应器;每个反应器 中含有至少一个催化剂床层, 原料气通过位于反应器中间的气体分布器均 匀分配到各催化剂床层。
2. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气体分布器位于反 应器中间, 所述催化剂床层位于气体分布器与反应器内壁之间, 原料气或 原料气中的低碳酯气体轴向进入分布器, 通过分布器径向均匀分配到所述 催化剂床层。
3. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应器为固定床反 应器。
4. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应器中的催化剂 床层数量为 2~20个, 优选数量 2~6个。
5. 按照权利要求 1-4所述的任一方法, 其特征在于, 所述反应区包含 一个反应器, 或多个串联的反应器。
6. 按照权利要求 1-4所述的任一方法, 其特征在于, 所述反应区包含 的反应器数量为 2〜20个, 优选包含 2〜6个串联的反应器。
7. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述低碳酯为碳原子数 3~5的酯, 优选为选自乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸丙酯、 甲酸乙酯、 丙酸 乙酯中的任意一种或多种。
8. 按照权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 反应温度为 220〜 280 °C ; 反应压力为 2.0〜10.0MPa; 体积空速为 2000〜20000 h-1 ; 低碳酯 和氢气的的摩尔比为 1/5〜1/50。
9. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜基催化剂除活性 组分铜外, 还任选含有助剂 A和 /或 B, 以金属元素计, 三者总的质量百 分含量为 100%, 其中:
活性组分 Cu, 以氧化物形式存在, 以金属元素计, 在催化剂中的重 量百分含量为 10.0〜50.0 wt%;
助剂 A, 以金属元素氧化物形式存在, 金属元素为选自 Zn、 Cr、 Mn、 Al、 Fe中的一种或多种, 以金属元素计, 在催化剂中的含量为 0.0〜50.0 wt% ;
助剂 B, 以金属元素氧化物形式存在, 金属元素为选自 Zr、 B、 Ce, Si, Ti 中的一种或多种, 以金属元素计, 在催化剂中的含量为 0.0〜50.0
Wt% o
10. 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述铜基催化剂在反 应前用氢气、 或惰性气体稀释的氢气、 或合成气还原, 然后进行反应, 其 中所述合成气是 CO和 H2的混合气。
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| CN110420614A (zh) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-08 | 南京中汇能源科技研发中心 | 一种多相流过程强化反应器 |
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