WO2014100679A1 - Stimulation et augmentation de la régénération de tissus - Google Patents

Stimulation et augmentation de la régénération de tissus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014100679A1
WO2014100679A1 PCT/US2013/077118 US2013077118W WO2014100679A1 WO 2014100679 A1 WO2014100679 A1 WO 2014100679A1 US 2013077118 W US2013077118 W US 2013077118W WO 2014100679 A1 WO2014100679 A1 WO 2014100679A1
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Prior art keywords
tissue
aminosterol
msi
substitution
therapeutically effective
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PCT/US2013/077118
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English (en)
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WO2014100679A8 (fr
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Michael Alan Zasloff
Viravuth Pho YIN
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Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory
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Priority to CA2896073A priority Critical patent/CA2896073C/fr
Priority to JP2015549808A priority patent/JP6434916B2/ja
Priority to EP13863996.8A priority patent/EP2934543B1/fr
Publication of WO2014100679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014100679A1/fr
Publication of WO2014100679A8 publication Critical patent/WO2014100679A8/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/575—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/04—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system for myasthenia gravis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • Tissue regeneration in humans is extremely limited and constitutes a major challenge to the repair of damaged limb function.
  • Injured tissues are able to heal by regeneration, by repair, or by a combination of these processes.
  • Regeneration results in the re-establishment of the original tissue structure and function.
  • Bodily structures comprised of composite tissues such as a limb or digit, or an appendage, are made of numerous cell types arranged in an organized and iterative structure that is preserved from individual to individual.
  • regeneration requires the coordinated growth, and interactions of numerous cell types within the composite tissues to regenerate a bodily structure that effectively is indistinguishable from the original.
  • Tissue regeneration is a rapidly developing field of biomedical research that aims at regenerating damaged tissues. But in mammals and other higher organisms, there is a failure of regeneration of composite or complex tissues. Therefore, there is a need for methods and compositions to regenerate damaged or injured tissue and limbs after injury.
  • Methods and compositions are provided for enhancing or stimulating regeneration of tissues, including as non-limiting examples, limbs or organs in a subject.
  • tissue injured by disease, disorders, trauma or other conditions where regeneration of the injured tissues, such as those involving the liver, skin, soft tissues and muscle, heart, nervous system, intestines, hematopoietic and vascular system, would be beneficial.
  • the objective of the invention is to enhance the rate and healing capacity of injured tissues.
  • the method of the invention includes identifying a subject having a tissue injury including, for non-limiting examples, a limb or organ injury, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol such as, for example, a MSI-1436 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that enhances or stimulates tissue regeneration in the subject.
  • a tissue injury including, for non-limiting examples, a limb or organ injury
  • an aminosterol such as, for example, a MSI-1436 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that enhances or stimulates tissue regeneration in the subject.
  • administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol such as, for example, MSI-1436 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof enhances or stimulates regeneration of an injured issue to treat or prevent a disease, disorder, trauma or other condition.
  • Subjects preferably can include mammals, and more preferably can include humans.
  • Targeted issue can be selected from liver tissue, skin soft tissues, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, vascular tree, central and peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, skeletal system, and hematopoietic tissues.
  • the invention shows that therapeutically effective amounts of MSI- 1436 preferably including from about 0.1 to about 20-mg/kg-body weight (equivalent to about 0.07 mg/kg to about 2.67 mg/kg body weight in a human) promotes the regeneration of injured tissue including, for a non-limiting example, limbs or organs.
  • the invention provides a method including the step of administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to stimulate or enhance regeneration of a tissue.
  • the invention provides prior to the administering step, identifying a subject having an injury of the tissue.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the tissue is selected from the group consisting of a liver tissue, a skin soft tissue, a skeletal muscle tissue, a cardiac muscle tissue, a vascular tree tissue, a central nervous system tissue, a peripheral nervous system tissue, a gastrointestinal tract tissue, an exocrine pancreas tissue, an endocrine pancreas tissue, a skeletal system tissue, and an hematopoietic tissue.
  • the invention provides a method, wherein the aminosterol is MSI- 1436 or wherein the aminosterol is an isomer of MSI-1436.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol includes a sterol nucleus and a polyamine, attached at any position on the sterol, such that the aminosterol exhibits a net charge of at least + 1, the charge being contributed by the polyamine.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol is modified to include at least one of the following: a substitution of the sulfate, wherein the substitution is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonate, a phosphate, a carboxylate, and an anionic moiety, and wherein the substitution is chosen to circumvent metabolic removal of the sulfate moiety and oxidation of the cholesterol side chain; a replacement of a hydroxyl group by a non-metabolizable polar substituent to prevent its metabolic oxidation or conjugation; and a substitution of at least one ring hydrogen atom to prevent oxidative or reductive metabolism of the steroid ring system.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the non-metabolizable polar substituent is a fluorine atom.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol is a derivative of MSI-1436 modified through medical chemistry to improve at least one of bio-distribution, ease of administration, metabolic stability, and a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the therapeutically effective amount of MSI-1436 is from about 0.07 mg/kg to about 2.67 mg/kg body weight in a human.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the therapeutically effective amount of MSI-1436 is administered in combination with at least one additional active agent to achieve an additive or synergistic effect.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the active agent is administered concomitantly, as an admixture, separately and simultaneously, separately and concurrently, or separately and sequentially.
  • the invention provides a method wherein a therapeutically effective amount of aminosterol is administered in the form of a liquid, a capsule, a tablet, intravenously, intraperitoneally, inhaled, or topically.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the subject is a mammal.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the subject is a human.
  • the invention provides a method including administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to stimulate or enhance regeneration of a tissue to treat or prevent a disorder, disease, or condition resulting from an injury of the tissue.
  • the method includes prior to the administering step, identifying the subject having the disorder, disease, trauma or condition resulting from an injury of the tissue.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the tissue is selected from the group consisting of: a liver tissue, a skin soft tissue, a skeletal muscle tissue, a cardiac muscle tissue, a vascular tree tissue, a central nervous system tissue, a peripheral nervous system tissue, a gastrointestinal tract tissue, a exocrine pancreatic tissue, an endocrine pancreatic tissue, a skeletal system tissue, and a hematopoietic tissue.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol is MSI-1436.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol is an isomer of MSI-1436.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol comprises a sterol nucleus and a polyamine, attached at any position on the sterol, such that the aminosterol exhibits a net charge of at least + 1, the charge being contributed by the polyamine.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol is modified to include at least one of the following: a substitution of the sulfate, wherein the substitution is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonate, a phosphate, a carboxylate, and an anionic moiety, and wherein the substitution is chosen to circumvent metabolic removal of the sulfate moiety and oxidation of the cholesterol side chain; a replacement of a hydroxyl group by a non-metabolizable polar substituent to prevent its metabolic oxidation or conjugation; and a substitution of at least one ring hydrogen atom to prevent oxidative or reductive metabolism of the steroid ring system.
  • the non-metabolizable polar substituent is a fluorine atom.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the aminosterol is a derivative of MSI-1436 modified through medical chemistry to improve at least one of bio-distribution, ease of administration, metabolic stability, and a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the therapeutically effective amount of MSI-1436 is from about 0.07 mg/kg to about 2.67 mg/kg body weight in a human.
  • the invention provides a method wherein a therapeutically effective amount of MSI-1436 is administered in combination with at least one additional active agent to achieve an additive or synergistic effect.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the active agent is administered concomitantly, as an admixture, separately and simultaneously, separately and concurrently, or separately and sequentially.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the therapeutically effective amount of aminosterol is administered in the form of a liquid, capsule, tablet, intravenously, intraperitoneally, inhaled, or topically.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the subject is a mammal.
  • the invention provides a method wherein the subject is a human.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition including a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol to stimulate or enhance regeneration of a tissue.
  • the invention provides the aminosterol in a range from about 0.07 mg/kg to about 2.67 mg/kg body weight in a human.
  • the invention provides a kit including the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the aminosterol is MSI-1436.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the aminosterol is an isomer of MSI-1436.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the aminosterol comprises a sterol nucleus and a polyamine, attached at any position on the sterol, such that the aminosterol exhibits a net charge of at least + 1, the charge being contributed by the polyamine.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the aminosterol is modified to include at least one of the following: a substitution of the sulfate, wherein the substitution is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonate, a phosphate, a carboxylate, and an anionic moiety, and wherein the substitution is chosen to circumvent metabolic removal of the sulfate moiety and oxidation of the cholesterol side chain; a replacement of a hydroxyl group by a non-metabolizable polar substituent to prevent its metabolic oxidation or conjugation; and a substitution of at least one ring hydrogen atom to prevent oxidative or reductive metabolism of the steroid ring system.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the non- metabolizable polar substituent is a fluorine atom.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the aminosterol is a derivative of MSI-1436 modified through medical chemistry to improve at least one of bio-distribution, ease of administration, metabolic stability, and a combination of at least two thereof.
  • the invention provides a composition wherein the composition includes at least one additional active agent to achieve an additive or synergistic effect.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the molecular structure of aminosterol 1436
  • FIG. 2 shows the effect of aminosterol MS-1436 on the regeneration of the caudal fin of adult zebrafish
  • FIG. 3 shows the effect of MSI-1436 on the proliferation of reprogrammed caudal fin blastema cells in adult zebrafish
  • FIG. 4 shows the effect of long-term MSI-1436 exposure on tissue overgrowth in the caudal fin of adult zebrafish
  • FIG. 5 shows the effect of MSI-1436 on cardiomyocyte regenerative proliferation in adult zebrafish
  • FIG. 6 shows the downregulation of the MSI-1436 target gene PTP1B in response to heart injury in adult zebrafish
  • FIG. 7. shows the effect of MSI-1436 on genetically induced attenuation of cardiac regenerative proliferation in adult zebrafish hearts.
  • FIG. 8 shows the effect of MSI-1436 on mammalian cell proliferation.
  • the present invention is directed to methods of enhancing or stimulating regeneration of tissues in a subject.
  • tissues can include, as non-limiting examples, limbs or organs.
  • the invention is unanticipated and based on the discovery of a previously unknown property of the aminosterol MSI-1436.
  • the utility afforded by this invention includes all applications in which stimulation or enhancement of regeneration of a tissue including, for a non-limiting example, composite or complex tissues, would have benefit. These applications include, for non-limiting examples, conditions such soft tissue injury involving skin, dermis, or muscle; hepatic regrowth, following partial hepatectomy or in the setting of cirrhosis; cardiac muscle, in the setting of ischemic injury; the nervous system, following traumatic injury; the regrowth of amputated limbs; the possible regeneration of islet cells in diabetes mellitus; the recovery of intestinal epithelium in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease. 1. Definitions
  • animal means any animal (e.g., mammals, including, but not limited to humans, primates, dogs, cattle, cows, horses, kangaroos, pigs, sheep, goats, cats, rabbits, rodents), transgenic non-human animals, fish, amphibians, not limited to frogs, and salamanders, reptiles, other vertebrates and invertebrates and the like, which are to be the recipient of a particular treatment.
  • the terms “animal” “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein in reference to a human subject.
  • the preferred animal, patient, or subject is a mammal and more preferably a human.
  • the terms “administer”, “administering”, and “administered” refer to providing the drug to the subject being tested or treated.
  • the aminosterol e.g., MSI-1436 is administered in the form of a liquid, capsule, tablet, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intravenously, inhaled, that is intranasally, or topically, but can include microinjection, and/or direct application to theinjured tissue including, for non- limiting examples, an injured limb or organ.
  • growth mean the growth of tissue, including but not limited to one or more tissues, limbs or organs, following an injury of the tissue resulting from a diseases, disorder, trauma or other condition and includes but is not limited to regeneration as described herein below.
  • injury of a tissue and "tissue injury” as used herein, mean damage of a tissue that disrupts its physical structure resulting in the impairment of its function.
  • injury of a limb and "limb injury” as used herein, mean damage of a limb such as, for non-limiting examples, a finger, arm or foot, that involves a trauma to any or all of the tissues included in the limb.
  • injury of an organ and "organ injury” as used herein, mean damage of an organ that involves a trauma to any or all of the tissues includes in the organ.
  • kit means any manufacture (e.g., a package or container) including at least one reagent, e.g., an aminosterol such as MSI-1436.
  • the manufacture may be promoted, distributed, or sold as a unit for performing the methods of the invention.
  • regenerate means the restoration of a tissue, including but not limited to one or more tissues, limbs or organs, to its original state following an injury of the tissue resulting from a disease, disorder, trauma or other condition.
  • stimulation refers to an activities whose effects are greater than that which is observed in a control or an untreated group. Stimulatory effects may be measured in vivo or in cell culture studies.
  • therapeutic activity or “activity” may refer to an activity whose effect is consistent with a desirable therapeutic outcome in humans, or to desired effects in non-human mammals or in other species or organisms.
  • therapeutically effective amount means an amount that achieves the intended therapeutic effect of enhancing or stimulating regeneration of a tissue, including but not limited to one or more tissues, limbs or organs, in a subject. The full therapeutic effect does not necessarily occur by administration of one dose and may occur only after administration of a series of doses. Thus, a therapeutically effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations per day for successive days.
  • beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to stimulating or enhancing regeneration of a tissue, including but not limited to one or more tissues, limbs or organs, in a subject.
  • tissue and "tissues” as used herein, refer to single, composite and/or complex tissues which can form, for non-limiting examples, a limb or an organ.
  • an aminosterol such as MSI-1436
  • MSI-1436 is a new therapy for tissue regeneration.
  • the molecular structure of MSI-1436 is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • MSI-1436 stimulates faster regeneration of missing limb and cardiac tissues by amplifying growth factor pathways important for tissue regeneration.
  • MSI-1436 treatment rescues genetically mediated defects in cardiomyocyte proliferation to normal levels.
  • Certain embodiments are directed to identifying subjects having tissue injury and administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol such as MSI-1436 that enhances or stimulates tissue regeneration.
  • the invention is directed to pharmaceutical formulations comprising MSI-1436.
  • Vertebrate regeneration is robustly observed in a limited number of species, including fish, amphibian, and reptiles (K D Poss, Keating, & Nechiporuk, 2003; Sanchez Alvarado & Tsonis, 2006).
  • regenerative activity is observed in early fetal development, but becomes highly restricted to specific organs in post-natal life (Kenneth D Poss, 2010).
  • the human liver is known to functionally regenerate after partial hepatectomy (Taub, 2004).
  • the epithelial lining of the small and large bowel can be reconstituted after a severe inflammatory insult (Simons & Clevers, 2011); restoration of the blood forming tissues in the bone marrow occurs following ablative therapies.
  • Other tissues in the post-natal human exhibit much less regenerative potential. Indeed, extensive soft tissue injury to a limb is repaired through a wound healing process that lays down scar tissue, rather than one that restores the prior tissue architecture. In no case is it possible regenerate an appendage in a post-natal human.
  • MSI- 1436 is a molecule similar in structure to squalamine but differing in the nature of the polyamine, that being a spermine in MSI-1436, and a spermidine in squalamine.
  • Aminosterol 1436 is an aminosterol isolated from the dogfish shark, which is structurally related to squalamine (U.S. Patent No. 5,840,936; Rao et al, 2000). Aminosterol 1436 exhibits antiviral activity against HIV in tissue culture (U.S. Patent No. 5,763,430) via a mechanism proposed to involve inhibition of a lymphocyte-specific NHE by 1436, resulting in suppression of cytokine responsiveness, and subsequent depression of the capacity of the lymphocyte to support HIV replication (U.S. Patent No. 5,763,430). Aminosterol 1436, however, has an additional pharmacological property, not shared with squalamine, namely potent appetite suppression and promotion of dose-dependent weigh loss (U.S. Patent No.
  • MSI-1436 corrected the diabetic phenotype in mice with leptin receptor lesions and leptin deficiency (Takahashi, Qi, Patel, & Ahima, 2004). Many of the metabolic effects of appear to a consequence of its activity on specific centers in the central nervous system (Bence et al, 2006).
  • MSI-1436 is a cationic amphipathic substance exhibiting an affinity for membranes composed of anionic phospholipids (Selinsky et al, 1998; Selinsky, Smith, Frangiosi, Vonbaur, & Pedersen, 2000).
  • MSI-1436 is believed to exert antimicrobial action by interacting electrostatically with the membranes of target microorganisms, which generally display anionic phospholipids on the membrane surface exposed to the environment, subsequently disturbing their functional integrity, and causing death of the targeted microbe (Michael Zasloff, 2002; Salmi et al, 2008; Sills et al, 1998).
  • MSI-1436 in vivo has been demonstrated in models of obesity (Lantz et al., 2010), diabetes (Takahashi et al., 2004), and hepatic steatosis (Lantz et al., 2010). No report of its capacity to stimulate regeneration has been previously described or demonstrated.
  • MSI-1436 has been shown to inhibit a broadly acting tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B (Lantz et al, 2010). Specifically, MSI-1436 was shown to inhibit the activity of PTP1B in an in vitro enzyme assay (Lantz et al., 2010). In addition, the addition of MSI-1436 to hepatoma cells was shown to increase the level of phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, and known target of PTP1B (Lantz et al., 2010). Administration of MSI- 1436 to a mouse, resulted in an increase in the recovery of phosphorylated insulin receptor from the hypothalamus, associated with the administration of insulin (Lantz et al., 2010).
  • MSI-1436 is known to inhibit PTPIB, a phosphatase that normally "turns off the insulin receptor after it has been occupied by insulin, and thereby "quiets" the insulin response.
  • PTPIB is known to act on other tyrosine kinase receptors in addition to the insulin receptor.
  • the known targets of PTPIB include, in addition to the insulin receptor, the insulin related growth factor receptor (IGFR), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), colony stimulating growth factor receptor (CSFR), hepatocyte stimulating factor receptor (HSFR), and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR).
  • IGFR insulin related growth factor receptor
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
  • FGFR fibroblast growth factor receptor
  • CSFR colony stimulating growth factor receptor
  • HSFR hepatocyte stimulating factor receptor
  • PDGFR platelet derived growth factor receptor
  • PTPIB is known to be localized within the cellular endoplasmic reticulum (Frangioni,
  • the human liver is known to functionally regenerate after partial hepatectomy (Taub, 2004).
  • the epithelial lining of the small and large bowel can be reconstituted after a severe inflammatory insult (Simons & Clevers, 2011); restoration of the blood forming tissues in the bone marrow occurs following ablative therapies.
  • Other tissues in the post-natal human exhibit much less regenerative potential. Indeed, extensive soft tissue injury to a limb is repaired through a wound healing process that lays down scar tissue, rather than one that restores the prior tissue architecture.
  • the zebrafish is known to have the capacity to robustly regenerate various tissues and organs and has become a well characterized model for the systematic study of the regenerative process in vertebrates (K D Poss et al, 2003; Kenneth D Poss, 2010). In particular, regeneration of the heart and liver has been extensively explored in this animal (Curado & Stainier, 2010; Kenneth D Poss, Wilson, & Keating, 2002). Regrowth of the amputated tail fin has been used a model for the study of the regrowth of a vertebrate appendage.
  • MSI-1436 exerts its unprecedented and unanticipated effects on tissue including as non-limiting examples limb or organ regeneration in the vertebrate are not as understood, without being bound by theory, it is speculated that (1) since the regenerative process involves the action of numerous growth factors that utilize receptors that are phosphorylated by tyrosine receptor kinases, and (2) that PTPIB normally turns off these receptors after activation, and (3) that MSI-1436 inhibits PTPIB, MSI-1436 potentiates the activity of the growth factors that are engaged in the regenerative process. By permitting the activated receptor to remain active for a longer period of time than normal, the magnitude of the biological response to the cognate growth factor would be enhanced.
  • the present invention herein disclosed describes an unprecedented and unanticipated discovery of the stimulatory and enhancement effects of an aminosterol such as MSI- 1436 on the regeneration of certain tissues in the zebrafish.
  • MSI- 1436 treated animals exhibited -200% greater regenerated length when compared to the control or sqalamine microinjected group, when evaluated at time point prior to full repair of the tail.
  • the rate of regeneration was 200% greater for those animals receiving MSI-1436 than those that had received either phosphate buffered solution (PBS) or squalamine.
  • Embodiments of the invention are provided for enhancing or stimulating the regeneration of tissues including as non-limiting examples, limbs and organs in a subject. It is possible to treat diseases, disorders, trauma or other conditions where regenerative restoration of tissues would be beneficial, such as those involving the liver, skin, soft tissues and muscle, heart, nervous system, intestines, hematopoietic and vascular system. The objective is to enhance the rate and healing capacity of these tissues.
  • Regenerating these tissues in a subject involve identifying a subject having tissue injury and administering a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol such as MSI- 1436 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and/or an additional active agent to subjects having the tissue injury. It is now possible in view of the new discoveries to administer to subjects having a disorder, disease, trauma or condition (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis ,muscular dystrophy, neurogenic myopathies, type I diabetes mellitus, ) as the result of an injury to a tissue a therapeutically effective amount of an aminosterol e.g., MSI-1436 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a disorder, disease, trauma or condition e.g., cirrhosis, hepatitis ,muscular dystrophy, neurogenic myopathies, type I diabetes mellitus,
  • Such administration can ultimately stimulate or enhance tissue including as non-limiting examples, limb and/or organ regeneration from a tissue injury that occurs and therefore treat the disorder, disease, trauma or condition.
  • Treatments of these disorders, diseases, traumas or conditions are possible where regenerative restoration of tissues would be beneficial, such as those involving the liver, skin, soft tissues, and muscle, heart, nervous system, intestines, hematopoietic and vascular system.
  • Subjects in these embodiments are preferably mammal, and even more preferably human, and targeted tissue may be selected from liver tissue, skin soft tissues, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, vascular tree, central and peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, skeletal system, and hematopoietic tissues.
  • the aminosterol is an isomer of MSI-1436.
  • the aminosterol may comprise a sterol nucleus and a polyamine, attached at any position on the sterol, such that the molecule exhibits a net charge of at least + 1, the charge being contributed by the polyamine.
  • the aminosterol is modified to include one or more of the following: (1) substitutions of the sulfate by a sulfonate, phosphate, carboxylate, or other anionic moiety chosen to circumvent metabolic removal of the sulfate moiety and oxidation of the cholesterol side chain; (2) replacement of a hydroxyl group by a non- metabolizable polar substituent, such as, for example, a fluorine atom, to prevent its metabolic oxidation or conjugation; and (3) substitution of various ring hydrogen atoms to prevent oxidative or reductive metabolism of the steroid ring system.
  • the aminosterol is a derivative of MSI-1436 modified through medical chemistry techniques known to one or ordinary skill in the art to improve bio- distribution, ease of administration, metabolic stability, or any combination thereof.
  • therapeutically effective amounts of MSI-1436 from about 0.1 to about 20-mg/kg-body weight (equivalent to about 0.07 mg/kg to about 2.67 mg/kg body weight in a human) were shown to regenerate tissue and limbs. More preferably, therapeutically effective amounts of MSI-1436 include doses from about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg- body weight (equivalent to about 0.07 mg/kg to about 1.33 mg/kg body weight in a human) and most preferably, therapeutically effective amounts of MSI-1436 include doses from about 0.1 to 5 mg/kg-body weight (equivalent toabout 0.07 mg/kg to about 2.67 mg/kg body weight in a human). An additional active agent can be administered in combination with MSI-1416.
  • Active agents include, but are not limited to, anti-infective agents, anti-inflammatory compounds, hematopoietic growth factors, anti-metabolites such as those used in cancer, pain medications, anti-emetics, anti-hypertensive agents, and cholesterol lowering agents.
  • the amount of active agent will vary depending on many factors, including, but not limited to the severity of the tissue including as non-limiting examples, the limb or organ degeneration, the size of injury, the location of injury, the age, sex, and immune status of the subject. Various factors known to those skilled in the art affect the actual therapeutic amounts used in vivo, especially in humans.
  • the aminosterol such as, for example, the MSI-1436 can also be administered in combination with at least one additional active agent such as one of the known growth factors (e.g., hematopoietic, epithelial, platelet derived, or vascular growth factors) to achieve either an additive or synergistic effect.
  • the active agent can be administered (a) concomitantly; (b) as an admixture; (c) separately and simultaneously or concurrently; or (d) separately and sequentially.
  • the aminosterol e.g., MSI-1436 is administered in the form of a liquid, capsule, tablet, intravenously, intraperitoneally, inhaled, or topically.
  • the "therapeutic agents” may be present in the pharmaceutical compositions in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of pharmaceutically acceptable acids and bases. They may be present in amorphous form or in crystalline forms, including hydrates and solvates. Preferably, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise a therapeutically effective amount.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the therapeutic agents described herein include those salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • suitable acid salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2- hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, palmo
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal (e.g., sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium), ammonium and salts.
  • the therapeutic agents of the present invention are also meant to include all stereochemical forms of the therapeutic agents (i.e., the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center). Therefore, single enantiomers, racemic mixtures, and diastereomers of the therapeutic agents are within the scope of the invention. Also within the scope of the invention are steric isomers and positional isomers of the therapeutic agents.
  • the therapeutic agents of the present invention are administered in a pharmaceutical composition that includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy or significantly diminish the pharmacological activity of the therapeutic agent with which it is formulated.
  • compositions of this invention encompass any of the standard pharmaceutically accepted liquid carriers, such as a phosphate- buffered saline solution, water, as well as emulsions such as an oil/water emulsion or a triglyceride emulsion.
  • Solid carriers may include excipients such as starch, milk, sugar, certain types of clay, stearic acid, talc, gums, glycols, or other known excipients. Carriers may also include flavor and color additives or other ingredients.
  • the formulations of the combination of the present invention may be prepared by methods well-known in the pharmaceutical arts and described herein. Exemplary acceptable pharmaceutical earners have been discussed above.
  • compositions of the present invention are preferably administered intraperitoneally, or orally, preferably as solid compositions.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
  • Sterile injectable forms of the pharmaceutical compositions may be aqueous or oleaginous suspensions. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • compositions employed in the present invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form, including, but not limited to, solid forms such as capsules and tablets.
  • carriers commonly used include microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and cornstarch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • the active ingredient may be combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
  • compositions employed in the present invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • topical administration it can be accomplished using any method commonly known to those skilled in the art and includes but is not limited to incorporation of the pharmaceutical composition into creams, ointments, or transdermal patches.
  • the passage of agents through the blood-brain barrier to the brain can be enhanced by improving either the permeability of the agent itself or by altering the characteristics of the blood- brain barrier.
  • the passage of the agent can be facilitated by increasing its lipid solubility through chemical modification, and/or by its coupling to a cationic carrier.
  • the passage of the agent can also be facilitated by its covalent coupling to a peptide vector capable of transporting the agent through the blood-brain barrier.
  • Peptide transport vectors known as blood-brain barrier permeabilizer compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,268, 164.
  • Site-specific macromolecules with lipophilic characteristics useful for delivery to the brain are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,005,004.
  • routes of administration include parenteral, e.g., intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, inhalation, transdermal (topical), transmucosal, and rectal or oral administration.
  • Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
  • a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene
  • compositions suitable for injection include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • suitable carriers comprise physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor ELTM (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In all cases, the composition must be sterile and should be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists.
  • the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyetheylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the selected particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
  • Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.
  • isotonic agents are included in the composition, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as manitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride.
  • Prolonged absorption of an injectable composition can be achieved by including in the composition an agent that delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate or gelatin.
  • Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the specified amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as needed, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and other ingredients selected from those enumerated above or others known in the art.
  • the methods of preparation include vacuum drying and freeze-drying which yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
  • Oral compositions generally include an inert diluent or an edible carrier.
  • the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules, e.g., gelatin capsules.
  • Oral compositions can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash.
  • Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition.
  • the tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can include any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Ptimogel, or cornstarch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint.
  • a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin
  • an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Ptimogel, or cornstarch
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or sterotes
  • a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
  • a sweetening agent such as sucrose or sac
  • the compounds are delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressured container or dispenser that contains a suitable propellant, e.g., a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
  • a suitable propellant e.g., a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
  • Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means.
  • penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be pemeated are used in the formulation.
  • penetrants are generally known in the art, andinclude, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents, bile salts, and fusidic acid derivatives.
  • Transmucosal administration can be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories.
  • the active compounds are formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.
  • the compounds can also be prepared in the form of suppositories (e.g., with conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter and other glycerides) or retention enemas for rectal delivery.
  • suppositories e.g., with conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter and other glycerides
  • retention enemas for rectal delivery.
  • the purpose of this example was to evaluate the pharmacological effect of aminosterol 1436 administration on the regeneration of the caudal or tail fins of zebrafish.
  • Wildtype adult zebrafish were treated with MSI- 1436 or squalamine or a control of phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) over a four-day period via daily intraperitoneal microinjections.
  • the adult zebrafish were bred and housed in the Yin laboratory at Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory.
  • the microinjections of PBS, squalamine and MSI-1436 were performed for the duration of the experiments at concentrations of 0.125 mg/kg which corresponds to 50 ng/300 mg body weight which translates to 5-200 mg per dose in humans.
  • a 5ul volume of lOug/ml solution was delivered into each animal with a custom made lOul glass syringe (Hamilton part # 80008).
  • the tail or caudal fins were amputated following the second day of intraperitoneal microinjections. These amputations were accomplished using a razor blade to remove approximately 50% of the caudal fins each in a manner perpendicular to the direction of bony ray growth. The zebrafish were maintained at standard conditions of 28 °C at all times during the experiments. At 4 days post-amputation (4 dpa) through 14 dpa, caudal fins were imaged with an Olympus MVX10 stereomicroscope and the length of regenerated tissue from the amputation plane was quantified using Adobe Photoshop.
  • FIG. 2 shows the experimental results.
  • the dashed lines correspond to the amputation planes; the scale bar is 1mm; * corresponds to the Student's ttest p-value ⁇ 0.01; error bars correspond to SEM; n corresponds to 8-10 fish per group.
  • MSI-1436 stimulated appendage regeneration 2-fold four days after amputation (4 dpa), as shown in FIG. 2.
  • MSI- 1436 treated animals exhibited approximately 200% greater regenerated length when compared to the control and the squalamine microinjected groups, when evaluated at 4 days post-amputation (4 dpa) prior to full repair of the tail.
  • the rate of regeneration was 200% greater for those animals receiving MSI-1436 than for those receiving either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or squalamine.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • squalamine phosphate buffered saline
  • Each of the experiments was conducted with at least 6 animals per group. Each experiment was repeated four times and each time, the same enhancement of regeneration was observed in the caudal fins of the adult zebrafish.
  • FIG. 1 reflects the results of all four experiments. Although the rate of regeneration was increased by the administration of MSI-1436, the restored tail was anatomically normal.
  • the zebrafish caudal fins from the control and MSI-1436 treated animals were extracted at four days post-amputation (4 dpa) and stained with an antibody directed against phosphorylated histone 3 (H3P) as a marker of cell proliferation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the results of this study. (Arrowheads highlight subset of H3P positive cells; * corresponds to Student's ttest p-value ⁇ 0.001; error bars correspond to SEM; n corresponds to 6 fish per group).
  • the blastema cells of MSI-1436 treated caudal fins demonstrated a significant 2-fold increase in cellular proliferation.
  • Wildytpe adult zebrafish were subjected to caudal fin amputation and treated daily with either control PBS or MSI-1436 as described above in the context of FIG. 1 for 14 consecutive days during regeneration. The results of this study are shown in FIG. 4. .
  • the MSI-1436 treated animals did not display any overgrowth of the regenerated tissue, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the MSI-1436-treated and control groups displayed the same amount of regenerated tissue at 14 days post-amputation (14 dpa), a time when zebrafish tail regeneration is normally completed.
  • PTP1B a known target gene regulated by MSI-1436
  • MSI-1436 is capable of rescuing defects in heart regeneration.
  • Cardiomyocyte proliferation indices were determined as a percent of Mef2+PCNA+cells within the total cardiomyocyte population in each heart. The results of this study are shown in FIG. 7.
  • the nontransmembrane tyrosine phosphatase PTP-IB localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum via its 35 amino acid C-terminal sequence.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des compositions pharmaceutiques destinés à augmenter ou à stimuler la régénération d'un tissu chez un sujet. Dans un aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé comprenant l'administration, à un sujet qui en a besoin, d'une quantité thérapeutiquement efficace d'un aminostérol ou d'un sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable correspondant pour stimuler ou augmenter la régénération d'un tissu. Dans un autre aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé comprenant l'administration à un sujet d'une quantité thérapeutiquement efficace d'un aminostérol ou d'un sel pharmaceutiquement acceptable correspondant pour stimuler ou augmenter la régénération d'un tissu en vue de traiter ou de prévenir une maladie, une affection, un traumatisme ou un état résultant d'une lésion du tissu. Dans un aspect supplémentaire, l'invention concerne une composition pharmaceutique comprenant une quantité thérapeutiquement efficace d'un aminostérol pour stimuler ou augmenter la régénération d'un tissu.
PCT/US2013/077118 2012-12-20 2013-12-20 Stimulation et augmentation de la régénération de tissus WO2014100679A1 (fr)

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WO2018057624A1 (fr) * 2016-09-21 2018-03-29 Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory Procédés et compositions pour la stimulation et l'accroissement de la régénération de tissus
EP4007581A4 (fr) * 2019-08-02 2023-10-25 Enterin, Inc. Protocoles et schémas posologiques pour traitement à l'aminostérol
CA3149480A1 (fr) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-11 Enterin, Inc. Derives de squalamine humaine, compositions associees les comprenant, et procedes d'utilisation correspondants
CA3149479A1 (fr) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-11 Enterin, Inc. Composes d'aminosterol ent-03 humain, compositions associees les comprenant, et leurs procedes d'utilisation

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US10208079B2 (en) 2013-10-03 2019-02-19 Enterin Laboratories, Inc. Methods of treating and/or preventing neurodevelopmental disorders (autism) using aminosterols
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EP3157531A4 (fr) * 2014-06-23 2018-05-16 Michael Zasloff Procédés et compositions pour la stimulation du système entéro-endocrinien intestinal pour le traitement de maladies ou d'états pathologiques associées à celui-ci

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EP2934543A1 (fr) 2015-10-28
EP2934543B1 (fr) 2018-10-31
CA2896073A1 (fr) 2014-06-26
EP2934543A4 (fr) 2016-06-22
US20140179658A1 (en) 2014-06-26
JP2019052160A (ja) 2019-04-04
CA2896073C (fr) 2021-10-19
WO2014100679A8 (fr) 2014-09-25
JP6434916B2 (ja) 2018-12-05
JP2016503804A (ja) 2016-02-08
US9504700B2 (en) 2016-11-29

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