WO2014094336A1 - 打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车 - Google Patents

打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014094336A1
WO2014094336A1 PCT/CN2012/087814 CN2012087814W WO2014094336A1 WO 2014094336 A1 WO2014094336 A1 WO 2014094336A1 CN 2012087814 W CN2012087814 W CN 2012087814W WO 2014094336 A1 WO2014094336 A1 WO 2014094336A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding
vehicle
laser
positioning device
car
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/087814
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱兆勇
马泳
赵剑
龙时丹
焦传江
高鸽
Original Assignee
北京二七轨道交通装备有限责任公司
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Application filed by 北京二七轨道交通装备有限责任公司 filed Critical 北京二七轨道交通装备有限责任公司
Publication of WO2014094336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014094336A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/004—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding rails, T, I, H or other similar profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
    • E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
    • E01B31/12—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails
    • E01B31/17—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails by grinding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/56—Context or environment of the image exterior to a vehicle by using sensors mounted on the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures

Definitions

  • the present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201210553799.8, entitled “Polishing Laser Positioning Device and Grinding Car” on December 18, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. in. TECHNICAL FIELD
  • the present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, and in particular, to a laser positioning device for a grinding vehicle and a polishing vehicle.
  • Rail surfaces are prone to fatigue cracks, spalling, fat edges and other cross-sectional defects or wave wear, triangular pits and other longitudinal defects.
  • the changes in rail profile and ride comfort have an important impact on driving safety, comfort and economy.
  • In order to improve the rail rail relationship extend the life of the rail, and improve driving safety, comfort and economy, the rail needs to be ground and repaired.
  • the rail grinding vehicle uses a naked eye to mark the grinding vehicle during the grinding operation.
  • the punctuation point 13 is set in the front window of the cab 12 of the rail grinding vehicle 11, and the grinding start mark 14 is set on the rail, when the driver's line of sight just passes through the punctuation point 13 and the grinding starting point
  • the mark 14, that is, when the driver's eyes, the punctuation point 13 and the sanding start point mark 14 are three points and one line, the distance D between the measurement of the sanding start mark 14 and the first sanding head 15 is input to the control system.
  • the rail grinding wheel 11 runs at a certain speed, and when the driver sees that the punctuation point 13 coincides with the grinding start point mark 14, the operation button is pressed, when the control system calculates that the first grinding head 15 reaches the grinding start mark 14 Perform the grinding operation.
  • the present invention provides a laser positioning device and a polishing machine for a grinding vehicle, which are used to solve the problem that the starting point of the grinding caused by the inaccurate calibration in the prior art is inaccurate, the grinding effect is poor, and there is a safety hazard. question.
  • the present invention provides a laser positioning device for a grinding vehicle, comprising: a laser emitting module that emits a set angle laser beam that intersects a rail of a grinding vehicle; a speed sensor that detects an operating speed of the polishing vehicle; And a control module for performing a sanding operation when the at least one sanding head on the polishing vehicle reaches the set grinding starting point according to the speed; the speed sensor and the control module are electrically connection.
  • control module comprises: an input unit that receives a preset distance input by a user; and calculates the laser beam according to the speed of the polishing vehicle detected by the speed sensor a calculation unit of the running distance of the polishing vehicle after the intersection of the rail coincides with the set grinding starting point; if the running distance is equal to the preset distance, controlling the first control of the grinding head to perform the grinding operation
  • the input unit is electrically connected to the computing unit and the first control unit respectively; the computing unit and the first control unit are electrically connected.
  • polishing vehicle laser positioning device as described above, wherein the polishing vehicle is provided with a plurality of sanding heads, each of which corresponds to a different preset distance.
  • control module further comprises: if the running distance is equal to the preset distance, controlling the polishing head corresponding to the preset distance to perform a second grinding operation a control unit; the second control unit is electrically connected to the input unit and the first control unit, respectively.
  • the polishing vehicle laser positioning device as described above, wherein the laser emitting module is disposed above a cab of the polishing vehicle.
  • polishing vehicle laser positioning device as described above, wherein the speed sensor is disposed at an end of the reel axle of the grinding vehicle.
  • the present invention provides a polishing vehicle comprising the polishing vehicle laser positioning device as described above, further comprising at least one sanding head.
  • the laser positioning device and the polishing machine provided by the invention adopt a laser emitting module to emit a set angle laser beam intersecting the rail, and collect the running speed of the grinding vehicle when the intersection of the laser beam and the rail coincides with the set grinding starting point. According to the collected speed, it is determined that the grinding head performs the grinding operation when it reaches the starting point of the grinding, so that the marking is more accurate, the grinding starting point is more precise, and the grinding effect is improved.
  • DRAWINGS 1 is a schematic view showing the operation of the prior art artificial meat mites;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a laser positioning device for a polishing machine provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of an embodiment of a polishing machine for installing a laser positioning device for a polishing vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the polishing machine provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
  • the device comprises: a laser emitting module 21 that emits a set angle laser beam intersecting the rail of the grinding vehicle; a speed sensor 22 that detects the running speed of the grinding vehicle; and an intersection and setting of the laser beam and the rail
  • the control module 23 that performs the grinding operation when the at least one grinding head on the polishing machine reaches the set grinding starting point is determined.
  • the laser emitting module 21 can be any of various types of lasers capable of emitting a laser beam, such as a neon laser that emits red light, a ruby laser that emits deep rose light, and the like.
  • a laser emitting module 21 may be disposed in the laser positioning device of the grinding machine, and the laser emitting module 21 may emit a laser beam to any one of the rails in which the grinding vehicle is located.
  • two laser emitting modules 21 may be provided in the laser positioning device of the grinding machine, and each of the laser transmitting grinding blocks 21 may correspond to a rail for emitting a laser beam to the corresponding rail.
  • the polishing machine runs along the rail, and the laser emitting module 21 emits a laser beam.
  • the intersection of the laser beam and the rail advances along the rail with the operation of the grinding vehicle.
  • the control module 23 determines, according to the speed, that the at least one grinding head on the polishing vehicle reaches the set grinding starting point to perform the grinding operation.
  • the angle of the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting module 21 can be adjusted, so that the intersection of the emitted laser beam and the rail is convenient for the driver to observe.
  • the control module 23 may include an input unit, a calculation unit, and a first control unit.
  • the input unit is electrically connected to the calculation unit and the first control unit, respectively, and the calculation unit It is electrically connected to the first control unit.
  • the input unit in the control module 23 is configured to receive a preset distance input by the user, and the preset distance may be obtained by pre-measurement. Specifically: the distance from the pre-set grinding starting point on the rail to each grinding head on the grinding car can be measured, for example: the distance from the grinding starting point to the first grinding head, the second grinding head and the third grinding head are respectively Dl, D2, and D3, the above distance values can be input to the input unit of the control module 23.
  • the D1, D2, and D3 are the preset distances input by the user described above.
  • the calculation unit in the control module 23 can calculate the running distance of the grinding vehicle after the intersection of the laser beam and the rail coincides with the set grinding starting point according to the speed of the grinding vehicle detected by the speed sensor 22.
  • the first control unit in the control module 23 is configured to control the sanding head to perform a sanding operation if the running distance is equal to the preset distance (D1, D2, and D3).
  • the polishing car is provided with a plurality of grinding heads, and each of the grinding heads corresponds to a different preset distance.
  • the control module 23 can further comprise a second control unit, the second control unit being electrically connected to the input unit and the first control unit respectively.
  • the second control unit in the control module 23 is configured to control the sanding head corresponding to the preset distance to perform a sanding operation if the running distance is equal to the preset distance.
  • the laser positioning device of the polishing machine uses the laser emitting module 21 to emit a laser beam intersecting the rail.
  • the control module 23 collects the detected by the speed sensor 22. Grinding the running speed of the car, and determining the grinding operation when the grinding head reaches the grinding starting point according to the speed, so that the marking is more accurate, the safety is higher, the grinding starting point is more precise, and the grinding effect is improved; the naked eye is not required to be marked, and the labor intensity is reduced.
  • the change of the seat or the replacement of the driver does not require re-positioning and debugging, avoiding the waste of manpower; improving the safety of night work.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of an embodiment of a polishing machine for mounting a laser positioning device for a polishing vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the polishing vehicle provided by the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the polishing machine includes the polishing device laser positioning device provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and further includes at least one sanding head.
  • the laser emitting module 21 can be installed in front of the cab 12 at both ends of the polishing machine 11. In order to facilitate the driver's observation, it may be installed above the cab 12, specifically above the front window of the cab 12, for emitting a set angle laser beam 25 intersecting the rail of the grinding wheel 11.
  • the set angle can be set according to the intersection of the laser beam and the rail, so that the intersection of the laser beam and the rail is convenient for the driver to observe, for example, can be set horizontally between 30 degrees and 60 degrees.
  • the laser emitting module 21 may specifically be an existing laser, such as a red-emitting HeNe laser, a deep rose-light ruby laser, or the like.
  • the speed sensor 22 in the laser positioning device of the polishing machine can be mounted on the end of the bogie 24 of the polishing vehicle 11 for detecting the running speed of the grinding vehicle 11, and specifically, for detecting the rotational speed of the axle of the grinding vehicle 11.
  • the control module 23 in the laser positioning device of the polishing machine can be installed in the cab 12 of the polishing vehicle 11 for control of vehicle operation, operation, various actions, and interlock protection.
  • the control module 23 can receive the preset distance input by the user; during the running of the polishing vehicle 11, when the intersection of the laser beam 25 and the rail coincides with the set grinding starting point 14, the control module 23 starts to collect the speed of the polishing vehicle 11 detected by the speed sensor 22 in real time, and can calculate the intersection of the laser beam 25 and the rail with the set grinding starting point 14 based on the speed of the polishing vehicle 11 detected by the speed sensor 22, and then grind the vehicle 11 Running distance.
  • the running distance of the grinding wheel 11 can be calculated according to the rotational speed of the axle of the polishing vehicle 11 detected by the speed sensor 22, and the circumference and running time of the axle.
  • the grinding head 15 is controlled.
  • the sanding operation is started according to the preset grinding program.
  • the predetermined distance is the distance between the intersection of the laser beam 25 and the rail and the sanding head 15.
  • each of the sanding heads corresponds to a different preset distance.
  • the control module 23 calculates that the running distance of the grinding wheel 11 is equal to the preset distance, the distance corresponding to the preset is controlled.
  • the sanding head starts the sanding operation according to the preset grinding program.
  • the specific working principle of the laser positioning device of the grinding car is as follows:
  • the vehicle can be debugged in advance, and the emission angle of the laser emitting module 21 is adjusted, so that the intersection of the laser beam 25 and the rail emitted by the rail is convenient for the driver to observe, and the emission angle of the laser emitting module 21 is fixed.
  • the distance D1 from the grinding start point to the first sanding head 15a on the polishing machine 11 is measured, and the value and the distance according to the value and the first sanding head 15a from the second sanding head 15b and the third sanding head 15c are measured.
  • the calculated distances D2, D3 are input to the control module 23.
  • the reflective paint can be sprayed at the preset grinding start point 14 to set the corresponding mark for the driver's view.
  • the grinding car is prepared outside the preset grinding starting point 14, the grinding wheel 11 is started, the related devices start to enter the running state, the laser emitting module 21 starts to work, the laser beam 25 is emitted, and the intersection of the laser beam 25 and the rail follows the grinding car 11 Running forward, when the driver looks When the intersection of the laser beam 25 and the rail coincides with the preset grinding start point 14, the operation button 26 is pressed.
  • the control module 23 starts collecting the speed of the polishing vehicle 11 detected by the speed sensor 22 in real time, and calculates the polishing vehicle 11 Running distance, when the running distance of the grinding wheel 11 is equal to D1, that is, when the first grinding head 15a reaches the preset grinding starting point 14, the first grinding head 15a is controlled to start the grinding operation according to the preset grinding program.
  • the running distance of the grinding wheel 11 is equal to D2
  • the second grinding head 15b is controlled to start the grinding operation according to the preset grinding program.
  • each of the sanding heads starts to perform the sanding operation when reaching the preset sanding starting point 14, the sanding operation including the sanding head lifting, the mode change, and the like.
  • the operation method is the same, it can be polished according to the grinding effect, and the grinding program can be changed according to the grinding effect in time to achieve a better grinding effect.
  • the grinding car can be a railway rail grinding car, a subway rail grinding car, etc., or a positive wire grinding car, a ballast grinding car, etc.
  • the grinding line can be a straight rail or a curved rail.
  • the ballast shall be divided into seven zones according to the requirements of the railway standard TB/T 2658.22-2010, and the eight demarcation points shall be taken as the starting point of the grinding, that is, when all the sanding heads reach the eight demarcation points , all need to perform a new grinding operation according to the preset procedure to complete the polishing of the entire area.
  • the grinding line is bent, the distance and displacement of the grinding car are approximately equal due to the relatively large orbital radius. Therefore, the actual grinding starting point and the preset grinding starting point are approximately coincident, and the grinding effect can still be achieved well.
  • the grinding vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention has the laser positioning device of the grinding wheel, so that the marking is more accurate, the safety is higher, the grinding starting point is more precise, the grinding effect is better; the naked eye is not required to be marked, and the laborer has low strength; The change or the replacement of the driver does not require re-positioning and debugging, avoiding the waste of manpower; improving the safety of night work.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

一种打磨车激光定位装置，包括：发射与打磨车（11）所在钢轨相交的设定角度激光光束的激光发射模块（21）；检测打磨车的运行速度的速度传感器（22）；当激光光束和钢轨的交点与设定的打磨起点（14）重合时，根据打磨车的运行速度确定所述打磨车上的至少一个打磨头（15）到达所述设定的打磨起点时执行打磨操作的控制模块（23）；所述速度传感器和所述控制模块电连接。还提供一种包括激光定位装置的打磨车。该具有激光定位装置的打磨车使得对标准确，打磨起点精确，提高打磨效果。

Description

打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车
本申请要求于 2012 年 12 月 18 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210553799.8、发明名称为"打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车"的中国专利申请 的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及机械工程领域，尤其涉及一种打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车。 背景技术 随着铁路高速及重载的发展， 钢轨的磨损情况日趋恶化。 钢轨表面易产 生疲劳裂纹、 剥落、 肥边等横断面缺陷或波浪磨耗、 三角坑等纵断面缺陷。 而钢轨轮廓及平顺性的变化对行车安全性、 舒适性及经济性有着重要影响， 为了改善车轮钢轨关系， 延长钢轨寿命， 提高行车安全性、 舒适性及经济性， 需要对钢轨进行打磨修复。
现有技术中， 钢轨打磨车在打磨作业时， 采用肉眼对标的方式对打磨车 进行定位。 如图 1所示， 定位调试过程中， 在钢轨打磨车 11的驾驶室 12前 窗视野内设置对标点 13 , 在钢轨上设置打磨起点标记 14, 当司机视线刚好穿 过对标点 13及打磨起点标记 14, 即当司机眼睛、 对标点 13和打磨起点标记 14三点一线时，测量打磨起点标记 14与第一个打磨头 15的距离 D输入到控 制系统。 实际作业时， 钢轨打磨车 11 以一定速度运行， 当司机看到对标点 13与打磨起点标记 14重合时按下操纵按钮， 当控制系统计算出第一个打磨 头 15到达打磨起点标记 14时开始执行打磨操作。
然而， 人工肉眼对标的方法对标不准确， 导致打磨起点不精确， 打磨效 果较差， 而且可能导致打磨车冲撞道岔、 护轨等障碍， 存在安全隐患。 发明内容 本发明提供一种打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车， 用以解决现有技术中存 在的对标不准确导致的打磨起点不精确， 打磨效果较差， 存在安全隐患的问 题。
一方面， 本发明提供了一种打磨车激光定位装置， 包括发射与打磨车所 在钢轨相交的设定角度激光光束的激光发射模块； 检测所述打磨车的运行速 度的速度传感器； 当所述交点与设定的打磨起点重合时， 根据所述速度确定 所述打磨车上的至少一个打磨头到达所述设定的打磨起点时执行打磨操作的 控制模块； 所述速度传感器和所述控制模块电连接。
如上所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其中， 所述控制模块包括： 接收用户 输入的预设的距离的输入单元； 根据所述速度传感器检测到的所述打磨车的 速度计算所述激光光束与所述钢轨的交点与设定的打磨起点重合之后所述打 磨车的运行距离的计算单元； 若所述运行距离等于所述预设的距离， 则控制 所述打磨头执行打磨操作的第一控制单元； 所述输入单元分别与所述计算单 元和所述第一控制单元电连接； 所述计算单元和所述第一控制单元电连接。
如上所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其中， 所述打磨车上设置有多个打磨 头， 每个所述打磨头对应不同的预设的距离。
如上所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其中， 所述控制模块还包括： 若所述 运行距离等于所述预设的距离， 则控制所述预设的距离对应的打磨头执行打 磨操作的第二控制单元； 所述第二控制单元分别与所述输入单元和所述第一 控制单元电连接。
如上所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其中， 所述激光发射模块设置在所述 打磨车的驾驶室上方。
如上所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其中， 所述速度传感器设置在所述打 磨车转向架车轴的端部。
另一方面， 本发明提供了一种打磨车， 包括如上所述的打磨车激光定位 装置， 还包括至少一个打磨头。
本发明提供的打磨车激光定位装置及打磨车， 采用激光发射模块发射与 钢轨相交的设定角度激光光束， 并当激光光束与钢轨的交点与设定的打磨起 点重合时采集打磨车的运行速度， 根据采集到的速度确定打磨头到达打磨起 点时执行打磨操作， 使得对标更准确， 打磨起点更精确， 提高打磨效果。 附图说明 图 1为现有技术人工肉目艮对标的作业示意图；
图 2为本发明提供的打磨车激光定位装置一个实施例的结构示意图； 图 3为本发明提供的安装打磨车激光定位装置的打磨车一个实施例的主 视图；
图 4为图 3所示实施例提供的打磨车的俯视图。 具体实施方式 下面通过具体的实施例及附图， 对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描 述。
图 2为本发明提供的打磨车激光定位装置一个实施例的结构示意图。 如 图 2所示， 该装置包括： 发射与打磨车所在钢轨相交的设定角度激光光束的 激光发射模块 21 ; 检测打磨车的运行速度的速度传感器 22; 当激光光束与钢 轨的交点与设定的打磨起点重合时，采集速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车的速 度， 根据该速度确定打磨车上的至少一个打磨头到达设定的打磨起点时执行 打磨操作的控制模块 23。
具体的，激光发射模块 21可以为现有的能够发出激光光束的各种类型的 激光器， 例如： 发红光的氦氖激光器、 发深玫瑰色光的红宝石激光器等。 打 磨车激光定位装置中可以设置一个激光发射模块 21 , 该激光发射模块 21 可 以向打磨车所在的轨道中的任意一根钢轨发射激光光束。 或者， 打磨车激光 定位装置中还可以设置两个激光发射模块 21 , 每个激光发射磨块 21 可以对 应一根钢轨， 用于向对应的这根钢轨发射激光光束。
在打磨作业过程中 ,打磨车沿钢轨运行，激光发射模块 21发射激光光束， 激光光束与钢轨的交点随着打磨车的运行在钢轨上向前推进， 当司机看到激 光光束与钢轨的交点与预设的打磨起点重合时采集速度传感器 22检测到的 打磨车的速度，控制模块 23根据该速度确定打磨车上的至少一个打磨头到达 设定的打磨起点时执行打磨操作。
在整车调试过程中， 一方面， 可以调整激光发射模块 21的发射的激光光 束的角度， 使其发射的激光光束与钢轨的交点便于司机观察。
另一方面， 可选的， 控制模块 23可以包括输入单元、 计算单元和第一控 制单元。 其中， 输入单元分别与计算单元和第一控制单元电连接， 计算单元 和第一控制单元电连接。控制模块 23中的输入单元用于接收用户输入的预设 的距离， 上述预设距离可以通过预先测量得到。 具体的： 可以测量出钢轨上 预先设置的打磨起点到打磨车上的各个打磨头的距离， 例如： 打磨起点到第 一个打磨头、 第二个打磨头和第三个打磨头的距离分别为 Dl、 D2和 D3 , 可 以将上述距离值输入到控制模块 23的输入单元。 该 Dl、 D2和 D3即为上述 的用户输入的预设的距离。
相应的， 在打磨过程中， 控制模块 23中的计算单元可以根据速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车的速度计算激光光束与钢轨的交点与设定的打磨起点重合 之后打磨车的运行距离。控制模块 23中的第一控制单元用于若运行距离等于 预设的距离 （Dl、 D2和 D3 ) , 则控制打磨头执行打磨操作。
可选的， 打磨车上设置有多个打磨头， 每个打磨头对应不同的预设的距 离。 相应的， 控制模块 23还可以包括第二控制单元， 第二控制单元分别与输 入单元和第一控制单元电连接。控制模块 23中的第二控制单元用于若运行距 离等于预设的距离， 则控制预设的距离对应的打磨头执行打磨操作。
本实施例提供的打磨车激光定位装置，采用激光发射模块 21发射与钢轨 相交的激光光束， 当激光光束与钢轨的交点与设定的打磨起点重合时， 控制 模块 23采集速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车的运行速度， 并根据该速度确定 打磨头到达打磨起点时执行打磨操作， 使得对标更准确， 安全性更高， 打磨 起点更精确， 提高打磨效果； 无需肉眼对标， 降低劳动者强度； 座椅的变化 或司机的更换， 不需要重新进行定位调试， 避免人力的浪费； 提高夜间作业 的安全性。
图 3为本发明提供的安装打磨车激光定位装置的打磨车一个实施例的主 视图； 图 4为图 3所示实施例提供的打磨车的俯视图。 如图 3、 图 4所示， 该打磨车包括上述图 2所示实施例提供的打磨车激光定位装置， 还包括至少 一个打磨头。
其中， 激光发射模块 21可以安装于打磨车 11两端的驾驶室 12的前方。 为了便于司机观察， 可以安装于驾驶室 12的上方， 具体可以是驾驶室 12前 窗视野的上方， 用于发射与打磨车 11所在钢轨相交的设定角度激光光束 25。 该设定角度可以根据激光光束与钢轨的交点设定， 使得激光光束与钢轨的交 点便于司机进行观察， 例如， 可以设定为水平向下 30度 -60度之间。 激光发射模块 21具体可以为现有的激光器， 例如发红光的氦氖激光器、 发深玫瑰色光的红宝石激光器等。
打磨车激光定位装置中的速度传感器 22可以安装于打磨车 11的转向架 24车轴的端部， 用于检测打磨车 11 的运行速度， 具体地， 可以用于检测打 磨车 11车轴的转速。
打磨车激光定位装置中的控制模块 23可以安装于打磨车 11的驾驶室 12 内， 用于整车运行、 作业、 各种动作及连锁保护等的控制。
在打磨车 11定位调试过程中， 控制模块 23可以接收用户输入的预设的 距离； 在打磨车 11运行过程中， 当激光光束 25与钢轨的交点与设定的打磨 起点 14重合时， 控制模块 23开始实时采集速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车 11的速度， 可以根据速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车 11的速度计算激光光束 25与钢轨的交点与设定的打磨起点 14重合之后打磨车 11的运行距离。 具体 地， 可以根据速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车 11车轴的转速， 以及车轴的周 长、运行时间计算出打磨车 11的运行距离， 当运行距离等于上述预设的距离 时， 控制打磨头 15按照预设的打磨程序开始执行打磨操作。 所述预设的距离 为激光光束 25与钢轨的交点与打磨头 15的距离。
打磨车上设置有多个打磨头时， 每个打磨头对应不同的预设的距离， 当 控制模块 23计算出打磨车 11的运行距离等于上述预设的距离时， 控制上述 预设的距离对应的打磨头按照预设的打磨程序开始执行打磨操作。
打磨车激光定位装置的具体工作原理如下：
激光发射模块 21安装好后， 可以预先进行整车调试， 调整激光发射模块 21 的发射角度， 使其发射的激光光束 25与钢轨的交点便于司机观察， 固定 激光发射模块 21的发射角度。 测量打磨起点到打磨车 11上的第一个打磨头 15a的距离 D1 , 并将该值以及根据该值以及第一个打磨头 15a与第二个打磨 头 15b、 第三个打磨头 15c 的距离计算出的距离 D2、 D3 输入到 控制模块 23。
在对钢轨进行打磨前，可以在预设的打磨起点 14处喷涂反光漆以设置相 应的标记， 便于司机观。 打磨车在预设的打磨起点 14外准备， 打磨车 11启 动， 各相关设备开始进入运行状态， 激光发射模块 21开始工作， 发射激光光 束 25 , 激光光束 25与钢轨的交点随着打磨车 11的运行向前推进， 当司机看 到激光光束 25与钢轨的交点与预设的打磨起点 14重合时，按下操作按钮 26, 此时， 控制模块 23开始实时采集速度传感器 22检测到的打磨车 11的速度， 并计算打磨车 11的运行距离， 当打磨车 11的运行距离等于 D1时， 即第一 个打磨头 15a到达预设的打磨起点 14时，控制第一个打磨头 15a按照预设的 打磨程序开始执行打磨操作， 当打磨车 11的运行距离等于 D2时， 即第二个 打磨头 15b到达预设的打磨起点 14时，控制第二个打磨头 15b按照预设的打 磨程序开始执行打磨操作， ... ...， 按照此方案， 各打磨头均在到达预设的打 磨起点 14时开始执行打磨操作， 该打磨操作包括打磨头升降、 模式变化等。 当打磨车 11向相反方向作业时，操作方法相同，可以根据打磨效果打磨多遍， 并可以根据打磨效果及时改变打磨程序， 达到更好的打磨效果。
需要说明的是， 该打磨车可以为铁路钢轨打磨车、 地铁钢轨打磨车等， 也可以为正线打磨车、 道岔打磨车等， 打磨线路可以为直轨或弯轨。 当为道 岔打磨车时， 需按照铁路标准 TB/T 2658.22-2010的要求， 将道岔分为七个区 间， 并把八个分界点分别作为打磨起点， 即所有打磨头到达这八个分界点时， 均需按照预设的程序执行新的打磨操作， 以完成整个岔区的打磨。 打磨线路 为弯轨时， 由于轨道半径比较大， 打磨车运行的距离和位移近似相等， 所以 实际的打磨起点与预设的打磨起点是近似重合的，仍能达到很好地打磨效果。
本发明实施例提供的打磨车由于安装了打磨车激光定位装置， 使得对标 更准确， 安全性更高， 打磨起点更精确， 打磨效果更好； 无需肉眼对标， 劳 动者强度低； 座椅的变化或司机的更换， 不需要重新进行定位调试， 避免人 力的浪费； 提高夜间作业的安全性。
最后应说明的是： 以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对 其限制； 尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并 不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims

权 利 要求
1、 一种打磨车激光定位装置， 其特征在于， 包括： 发射与打磨车所在钢 轨相交的设定角度激光光束的激光发射模块； 检测所述打磨车的运行速度的 速度传感器； 当所述交点与设定的打磨起点重合时， 根据所述速度确定所述 打磨车上的至少一个打磨头到达所述设定的打磨起点时执行打磨操作的控制 模块； 所述速度传感器和所述控制模块电连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其特征在于， 所述控制 模块包括： 接收用户输入的预设的距离的输入单元； 根据所述速度传感器检 测到的所述打磨车的速度计算所述激光光束与所述钢轨的交点与设定的打磨 起点重合之后所述打磨车的运行距离的计算单元； 若所述运行距离等于所述 预设的距离， 则控制所述打磨头执行打磨操作的第一控制单元； 所述输入单 元分别与所述计算单元和所述第一控制单元电连接； 所述计算单元和所述第 一控制单元电连接。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其特征在于， 所述打磨 车上设置有多个打磨头， 每个所述打磨头对应不同的预设的距离。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其特征在于， 所述控制 模块还包括： 若所述运行距离等于所述预设的距离， 则控制所述预设的距离 对应的打磨头执行打磨操作的第二控制单元； 所述第二控制单元分别与所述 输入单元和所述第一控制单元电连接。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其特征在于， 所述激光发射模块设置在所述打磨车的驾驶室上方。
6、 根据权利要求 1-4任一项所述的打磨车激光定位装置， 其特征在于， 所述速度传感器设置在所述打磨车转向架车轴的端部。
7、 一种打磨车， 其特征在于， 包括如权利要求 1-6任一项所述的打磨车 激光定位装置， 还包括至少一个打磨头。
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