Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
  • A61K38/1793—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
  • A61K38/191—Tumor necrosis factors [TNF], e.g. lymphotoxin [LT], i.e. TNF-beta
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
  • A61K47/6949—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes
  • A61K47/6951—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes using cyclodextrin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery

Definitions

• the invention relates to compositions
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Induced Ligand Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis I_nducing Ligand - TRAIL
• malignant melanoma also known as "black skin cancer” known, it is a wicked ⁇ -like transformation of the pigment cells, called melanocytes.
• melanocytes The cancer already inclined at an early stage for spreading metastases through blood and lymph vessels.
• Malignant melanoma is curable, at least if it is diagnosed and treated early.
• the main method of treatment is surgical Ent ⁇ fernung the tumor alongside radiotherapy, although monotherapy with interferons in the treatment of malignant melanoma applies.
• vaccine therapy ie the active immunotherapy with ⁇ means tumor vaccines using tumor vaccines to stimulate the body's defense against targeted control of cancer cells.
• the defense cells are doing over the vaccine features of the tumor, (for example, protein molecules that are produced by the tumor cells or cell fragments of tumor cells) presented so that the defense cells recognize these features as foreign and attack kör ⁇ pereigene cells that carry these features.
• chemotherapy ie drug treatment with chemical substances that damage or inhibit tumor cells (cytostatics), is also of practical relevance.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an effective means as an alternative or supplement to treatment options of the malignant melanoma known from the prior art.
• composition of the invention is used to treat an object or individual suffering from malignant melanoma.
• object includes live animals and humans
• purpose of this treatment is to at least partially kill or neutralize the tumor cells.
• Negtralization and “killing” in the sense of the present invention mean the at least partial destruction or dissolution or inactivation or multiplication of the tumor cells.
• the present invention also relates to methods of treating a patient suffering from malignant melanoma object, wherein the object comprises a therapeutically effective amount of he ⁇ inventive composition is administered.
• the object comprises a therapeutically effective amount of he ⁇ inventive composition is administered.
• Melanomzel- len fight with the drug but then possible to have too much as the vitality and proliferation of non ⁇ cancer cells unaffected.
• treatment means the whole or part of reaching the nachfol ⁇ quietly mentioned results: the whole or partial reduction of the disease, improvement of at least one of the clinical symptoms or associated with the disease indicators, delay, suppression or protection against Disease progression, or partial or total delay, suppression or protection against the onset or onset of the disease
• the object to be treated is a human or animal, preferably a mammal
• Veterinary treatment includes treatment of beneficial or wild animals (eg sheep , cats, horses, cows, pigs), laboratory animals (eg rats, mice, guinea pig ⁇ ne, monkeys).
• composition comprising a complex of delphinidin and a sulfoalkyl ether- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and / or delphinidin or its salts
• composition includes the composition as a single preparation, ie without further therapeutic active components.
• the composition may comprise at least one additional therapeutically active substance ⁇ Sub.
• the composition of the invention can be administered alone or in combination with at least one other therapeutic substance to reduce one or more symptoms of the malignant melanoma. Administration of the composition of the invention may be administered concomitantly with the other therapeutic substance, which may be part of the same composition or provided in a different composition. Alternatively, the composition of the invention can be administered before or after administration of the other therapeutic substance.
• the erfindungsge ⁇ Permitted composition may be administered via the same or a different route of administration, we the other therapeutic Sub ⁇ substance.
• the other therapeutically active substance is vorzugswei ⁇ se a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induz FOURTH ligand (Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis I_nducing Ligand - TRAIL).
• the further therapeutically effective substance is selected from the group consisting of Zy ⁇ tostatika, interferons, preferably alpha and / or beta interferons, more preferably interferon alpha 2-a and alpha 2-b, and tumor vaccines , The latter can also be combined in combi ⁇ nation with TRAIL and applied.
• a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and radiation therapy may be appropriate to achieve a ⁇ of individual metastases by regressions.
• interferons especially IFN-alpha produced by white blood cells (leukocytes), and connective tissue cells are commonly used.
• IFN-beta IFN-beta, which inhibit the growth of both healthy and malignant cells and stimulate the immune system.
• Interfe ⁇ ron IFN-beta
• use is made of pure, genetically derived Interfe ⁇ ron, for example, on the approved in Germany for cancer treatment interferon alpha 2-a (Rofe- ron®) and interferon alpha 2-b (IntronA®).
• the original concept in which the body's own tumor cells are rendered unable to divide by radiation and to increase the stimulus for the immune system, preferably mixed with a virus is injected into the skin to attract defense cells and targeted to activate these tumor cells, increasingly rare for use.
• protein molecules produced by the tumor cells are now regularly used, with which cells grown from blood precursor cells are loaded in vitro and thus returned to the patient to present them to the defense cells as something to be controlled.
• the same result can be achieved if the gene of a blocking or activating substance for defense cells is introduced into the tumor cells.
• Cytostatic agents are synthetically produced or are derivatives of naturally occurring cytotoxins that trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) of the tumor cells.
• chemotherapeutic agents which may be used in the present invention include bortezomib (Velcade®, Millennium), melphatan, prednisone, vincristine, carmustine, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, thalidomide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, estrogen, and Cytarabine.
• radiotherapy can additionally be used.
• the radiotherapy is used preferably localized before ⁇ . That is, rays which preferably before ⁇ electromagnetic radiation and particles ⁇ in this case act locally in the irradiated area and damage the tumor cells, in particular the DNA in the nucleus by ionization and Entste ⁇ hung free radicals and breaks in the DNA of tumor cells. can be used to protect the tumor surrounding healthy tissue aperture.
• the administration of the active compound according to the invention by means of monotherapy or in combination with TRAIL or other or further therapeutic active ingredients, for example selected from the group consisting of cytostatics, interferons and tumor vaccines, can also be carried out as a so-called re ⁇ gionale therapy, for example by targeted injection (For example by means of catheter) in body regions, body cavities or in the blood vessels of the tumor region or the organ in which the tumor sits.
• a flow through the affected area or organ is also in the way of a regional perfusion possible, in which the drug flows through the area (eg arm or leg) or the organ under completion of the rest of the circuit and directly kill ⁇ leads is passed without getting into the rest of the body.
• the present composition is preferably provided as a pharmaceutical composition and verab ⁇ ranges.
• pharmaceutical composition includes fully one or more active ingredients and one or more domestic nerte ingredients which act as carriers for the active ingredient or active ingredients.
• the pharmaceutical Caribbeanset ⁇ tongues allow orally administered to the complex of the invention or the composition according to the invention Rectal, parenteral, including intraperitoneal, percutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, ophthalmic, pulmonary or nasal administration
• a parenteral delivery form may be, for example, a tablet, capsule, solution, suspension or dispersion,
• an ophthalmic, pulmonary or nasal delivery form an aerosol, solution, cream, paste, lotion, gel, ointment, suspension or dispersion ..
• compositions of the invention can be administered to a subject intravenously by means of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (eg, physiological saline).
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier eg, physiological saline
• physiologically acceptable buffers eg Hanks solution, Ringer's solution or physiologically buffered saline solution
• parenteral administration including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal administration, an aqueous or oily solution or a FestStoffformul réelle into consideration.
• the proportion of the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical ⁇ ceutical composition may vary and is usually between 2 and 60 wt .-% of the dosage unit.
• the proportion of active ingredient is appropriately selected so that an effective dose is achieved.
• the delphinidin or its salts and / or complex of delphinidin and the sulfoalkyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin in a pharmaceutical preparation for the controlled and / or delayed release of the delphinidin be used.
• Salt or “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the present invention which can release the pharmaceutically active agent or its active metabolite after administration. Salts of the compositions and complexes of the present invention may be derived from inorganic or organic acids and bases.
• the anthocyanidin delphinidin can be used in "pure” or “purified”, meaning that unwanted components have been removed.
• the substituents in this formula are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy group and methoxy group.
• Cyclodextrins that can be complexed according to the invention with the anthocyanidin, delphinidin are cyclic oligo saccharide ⁇ from CC-1, 4-glycosidically linked Glukosemole ⁇ cules.
• ß-Cyclodextrin has seven glucose units.
• hydroxy groups of the glucose unit are etherified in a sulfoalkyl alcohol.
• OF INVENTION ⁇ dung according usually only a part of hydroxyl groups of a 21 beta-cyclodextrin is etherified.
• the Her ⁇ position of Sulfoalkyethercyclodextrinen is familiar to the expert and, for example, in US 5,134,127 or WO
• Sulfoalkyl ethers are used in cyclodextrins in the prior art to increase the hydrophilicity or water solubility.
• Sulfoalkyl ether groups contribute in particular to increase the stability of the complex of anthocyanidins and correspondingly substituted .beta.-cyclodextrin, thus substantially improving the storage stability and formability of the particularly oxidation-sensitive anthocyanidins.
• the Invent ⁇ modern complex can be formulated as a storage-stable aqueous solution or solid, will be shown in more detail below.
• Particularly preferred according to the invention is the complexation of the active substance delphinidin with a sulfoalkyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin, preferably a sulfobutyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin (SBE-.beta.-CD) or a sulfoethyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin, which surprisingly the solubility and Stability of the drug increases.
• a sulfoalkyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin preferably a sulfobutyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin (SBE-.beta.-CD) or a sulfoethyl ether-.beta.-cyclodextrin
• Cyclodextrin exactly the opposite is the case, ie, the complex of active ingredient and sulfobotyl ether-ß-cyclodextrin has a significantly lower solubility compared to Kom ⁇ plex with ß-cyclodextrin result.
• the degree of substitution of the cyclodextrin with sulfoalkyl ether groups is preferably 3 to 8, more preferably 4 to 8, more preferably 5 to 8, further preferably 6 to 7.
• Suitable sulfobutyl ether- ⁇ -cyclodextrins with an average degree of substitution of 6 to 7 are described, for example, in WO 2009 / 134347 A2 and under the trade Captisol® commercially available.
• the anthocyanidin used according to the invention in pure, salted or complexed form is delphinidin.
• the chemical structure corresponds to the formula given above with the following substitution pattern
• the invention further provides an aqueous solution of the composition according to the invention for use as a medicament for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
• the preparation of the complex of the invention as well as a corresponding aqueous solution comprises the following Schrit ⁇ te: a) preparing an aqueous solution of the .beta.-cyclodextrin Sufoalkylether,
• an aqueous solution is preferred
• Herge ⁇ represents containing 5 to 10 wt .-% of the cyclodextrin used. It is particularly preferred in the context of OF INVENTION ⁇ dung if the pH of the aqueous solution during or after, but preferably before the addition of delphinidin to a pH value of 7 or less, preferably 6 or less, more preferably 5 or less , more preferably 4 to 5, is set. It has been shown that at This pH can be adjusted to a higher concentration of the complex in aqueous solution.
• the concentration of delphinidin calculated as chloride preferably at least 0.5 mg / ml, more preference ⁇ example at least 1.0 mg / ml, more preferably at least 1.5 mg / ml, more preferably 2.0 mg / ml.
• the particularly be ⁇ ferred concentration range of at least 2.0 mg / ml can be set in particular in an aqueous solution having a pH between 4 and 5 a preferred embodiment.
• the mixing of the constituents of the aqueous solution can be effected by stirring, preferred periods for mixing are 2 to 20 h. Before ⁇ given to work in the dark, to avoid a Lichtinduz (7).
• Another object of the invention is a solid for use as a medicament in the treatment of malignant melanoma, which is obtainable according to the invention by removing the solvent from an inventive aqueous solution described above ⁇ .
• the removal can preferably be carried out by freeze-drying (lyophilization).
• Both the aqueous drug solution of the invention and the drug solids have high storage stability ⁇ formality.
• Figure 1 shows histograms of with delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD treated (b) and untreated (a) cells of the human melanoma cell line A-375.
• FIG. 2 a shows the dose-dependent apoptosis induction ascertained by means of the sub-Gl peak method
• Figure 2b shows the erstoff by means of sub-Gl-peak method ⁇ te dose-dependent apoptosis induction of delphinidin SBE-ß-CD in comparison to delphinidin Cl and controls SBE-ß-CD, DMSO and untreated A-375 cells at high cell confluency.
• FIG. 3 a shows the do ⁇ sispare Zellviabilticians Koch of delphinidin-SBE-ß-CD and delphinidin Cl determined by WST-l assays compared to the controls SBE-ß-CD, DMSO and untreated A-375 cells at low cell confluence.
• FIG. 3b shows the do ⁇ sispare Zellviabilticians Koch of delphinidin-SBE-ß-CD as determined by WST-l assays compared to delphinidin Cl and controls SBE-ß-CD, DMSO and untreated A-375 cells at high cell concurrence.
• Figure 4 shows microscopic images of non-commercially ⁇ th and delphinidin SBE-ß-CD, delphinidin Cl and SBE-ß-CD-treated A-375 cells. shows cell number and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD-treated A-375 cells of high cell confluence compared to untreated cells with the system XCELLLigence. shows cell number and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD-treated A-375 cells with low cell confluency compared to untreated cells with the XCELLLigence system.
• FIG. 10 shows the cell count and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of SBE- ⁇ -CD-treated A-375 cells with low cell confluence in the equal to untreated cells with the XCELLLigence system.
• FIG IIa shows the erstoff by means of sub-Gl-peak method ⁇ te apoptosis induction by delphinidin SBE-ß-CD and without TRAIL compared to the Kontrol ⁇ len (untreated cells or only with TRAIL-treated cells) at low cell confluency.
• FIG IIb shows the erstoff by means of sub-Gl-peak method ⁇ te apoptosis induction by delphinidin SBE-ß-CD with or without TRAIL compared to the Kontrol ⁇ len (untreated cells or only with TRAIL, cells treated with SBE-ß -CD treated cell h ⁇ len) at high cell confluency.
• FIG. 12a shows the cell viability effect of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD with TRAIL as determined by WST-1 assays in comparison with delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD alone and the controls (untreated cells or TRAIL-treated cells only) nied ⁇ engined cell confluence.
• FIG. 12b shows the cell viability effect of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD with TRAIL as determined by WST-1 assays in comparison with the delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD alone and the controls (untreated cells or TRAIL-treated cells only) SBE-ß-CD-treated cells) at high cell ⁇ confluence.
• FIG. 13 shows micrographs of non-commercially ⁇ ten, treated with TRAIL, using only Delphi nidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD, as well as delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD and TRAIL-treated A-375 cells.
• FIG. 14 shows the cell count and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of A-375 cells of high cell confluence treated with TRAIL, delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD, TRAIL and delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD in comparison with untreated cells with the XCELLLigence system ,
• Figure 15 shows cell counts and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of high cell confluency A-375 cells treated with TRAIL, delphinidin Cl, TRAIL and delphinidin Cl compared to untreated cells with the XCELLLigence system.
• FIG. 16 shows cell number and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of TRAIL (0.02 pg / ml), SBE- ⁇ -CD (30 pg / ml), TRAIL (0.02 pg / ml) and SBE- ⁇ -CD (30 pg / ml) treated high cell confluency A-375 cells compared to untreated cells with the XCELLLigence system.
• Figure 17 shows cell number and cell proliferation (real-time cell monitoring) of TRAIL (0.02 pg / ml), SBE- ⁇ -CD (1000 pg / ml), TRAIL (0.02 pg / ml) and SBE- ⁇ -CD (1000 pg / ml) treated high cell confluency A-375 cells compared to untreated cells with the XCELLLigence system.
• FIG. 18 shows the effect of delphinidinCl
• the column used was a Waters X Bridge TM C18, 35 ⁇ , 150 mm x 4.6 mm.
• the mobile phases were as follows:
• Channel A water 950 ml, methanol 50 ml, formic acid 10 ml
• Channel B water 50 ml, methanol 950 ml, formic acid 10 ml
• UV-Vis detector 530 pm for the assay, 275 pm for the detection of contaminants
• Dilution solution 1 Mixture of 100 ml of methanol and 2.6 ml of M HCl
• Dilution solution 2 mixture of 100 ml 40 percent
• Calibration solution A reference solution of delphinidin was prepared by weighing 10 mg delphinidin chloride into a 10 ml flask and dissolving in dilution solution 1. After dissolution, it was diluted approximately 10-fold with dilution solution 2 to make an approximate concentration of 0.1 mg / ml.
• control calibration solution was prepared in the same manner.
• the calibration solutions were analyzed immediately by HPLC, since delphinidin chloride is unstable in solution.
• Example 1 Complexation of Delphinidin with SBE- ⁇ -CD
• the complexation of delphinidin by various cyclodextrins and the solubility of the complex in aqueous solution is investigated.
• Neutral aqueous solutions containing 10% by weight of the particular cyclodextrin were prepared.
• ß-CD due to the lack of solubility of a concentra ⁇ one was chosen of only 2 wt .-%.
• the suspensions were stirred for 20 h at 30 ° C in the dark.
• the mixture was then filtered through a Membranfil ⁇ ter of 0.22 pm pore size.
• a complex of the invention is formulated as a solid.
• a complex of the invention is formulated as a solid.
• Example 3.1 It was worked in the same manner as Example 3.1, but ⁇ a significant amount of material was filtered off ⁇ filtration, suggesting that the solubilization was significantly less effective than when using SBE-ß-CD according to Example 3.1 ,
• Example 3.1 is according to the invention, examples 3.2 and 3.3 are comparative examples.
• Example 4 Stability experiments
• the last 22 days of the storage described above were carried out in glass vials with a volume of 20 ml. 250 mg each of the previously already stored for 8 days Pro ⁇ ben were charged there, the vials were sealed with a rubber stopper and sealed. Using two hypodermic needles, the headroom of the violas was flushed with pure oxygen. The samples were then stored in Dun ⁇ angles.
• the delphinidine content of the solids (calculated as dolphinidinium chloride and reported in wt%) was determined by the HPLC method described above. The results can be found in the following table.
• the column used was a Waters X Bridge TM C18, 35 ⁇ , 150 mm x 4.6 mm.
• the mobile phases were as follows:
• Channel A water 770 ml, methanol 230 ml, formic acid 10 ml
• Channel B water 50 ml, methanol 950 ml, formic acid 10 ml
• UV-Vis detector 530 pm for the assay, 275 pm for the detection of contaminants
• Dilution solution 1 Mixture of 100 ml of methanol and 2.6 ml of 1 M HCl
• Calibration solution A reference solution of delphinidin was prepared by weighing 10 mg delphinidin chloride into a 10 ml flask and dissolving in dilution solution 1. After dissolution, it was diluted approximately 10-fold with dilution solution 2 to make an approximate concentration of 0.1 mg / ml.
• control calibration solution was prepared in the same manner.
• the calibration solutions were analyzed immediately by HPLC, since delphinidin chloride is unstable in solution. Preparation of the test solutions:
• the delphinidine content was determined.
• the following table indicates the determined content as a percentage of the above-mentioned starting concentration.
• delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-cyclodextrin
• delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD
• delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD
• delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD delphinidin-SBE-.beta.-CD
• the cell line was cultured at 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium from Gibco, Düsseldorf, Germany) supplemented with 10% FCS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and antibiotics.
• DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium from Gibco, Düsseldorf, Germany
• FCS Fetal Bovine Serum
• the method is based on the lower DNA content of apoptotic cells compared to vital cells.
• a feature of apoptosis is the cleavage of the DNA by endonucleases into short DNA fragments, which increases the content of low molecular weight DNA in apoptotic cells compared to vital cells and reduces the proportion of high molecular weight DNA.
• Upon induced lysis (permeabilization) of the cell membrane the low molecular weight DNA fragments escape from the apoptotic cells.
• PI propidium iodide
• Propidium iodide has been incorporated into the DNA and fluoresces in two narrow peaks, the Gl phase (left peak) with single and the cells in the G2 phase (right peak) with double DNA content.
• a sub-Gi peak upstream of the left peak is nearly absent.
• Histogram b shows a broad subGi peak. This represents the proportion of apoptotic cell nuclei after 24 hours of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD treatment.
• the cells were incubated for 24 hours with 10-3000 pg delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD per ml cell suspension and 15-120 ⁇ purified delphinidin chloride (hereinafter delphinidin Cl) per incubated with the complex partner SBE-ß-CD and DMSO treated cells, as well as untreated cells as controls.
• delphinidin Cl delphinidin chloride
• the cells were then harvested by trypsinization, washed with ice-cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and stained for 1 hour with the staining buffer containing 0.1% sodium citrate, 0.1% Triton X-100 and PI (40pg / ml; Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen , Germany) before subsequently measuring and evaluating the DNA content of the cell nuclei with the flow cytometer (FACSCalibur and CellQuest Software, Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg). From each of the three measured values, the mean value was calculated, with the measured values of the control cells serving as a reference for the t-test.
• PBS ice-cold phosphate buffered saline
• the dolphin-SBE- ⁇ -CD complex shows a markedly strong induction of apoptosis (see Figure 2a at 1000 pg / ml and Figure 2b at 3000 pg / ml);
• the WST-1 Assay serves to detect an intact respiratory chain in cells, viable cells with an intact mitochondrial succinate-tetrazolium dehydrogenase system an enzymatic reaction of the weakly red colored
• Tetrazolium salt WST-1 (4- [3- (4-iodophenyl) -2- (4-nitrophenyl) -2H-5-tetrazolio] -1,3-benzene disulfonate) into the dark red formazan. This color change can be in Spectrophotometer photometrically measured and evaluated.
• Example 7 For the implementation of the WST-I assay as described in Example 7 ⁇ WUR which the cells of Example 6 for 24 hours with 10-3000 pg delphinidin SBE-ß-CD per ml of cell suspension or 15-120 ⁇ purified delphinidin Cl per ml of cell suspension incubated with the complex partners SBE-ß-CD and DMSO ⁇ be acted cells, and untreated cells served as Kontrol ⁇ len.
• the WST-1 assay such as in Plötz et al.
• Example 6 Analogously to Example 6, the experiment was also carried out in Example 7 so ⁇ probably at low (low cell concurrence), as well as higher cell density (higher cell concurrency), the results in Figures 3a (low cell confluence) and 3b (higher cell concurrence) are presented graphically processed ,
• Cell vitality is effected by the delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD complex (see Figure 3a at 1000 pg / ml and 2000 pg / ml and Figure 3b at 3000 pg / ml); - While the complex partner SBE-ß-CD and DMSO shows no effect, analogous to the untreated control cells.
• RTCA Continuous real-time cell analysis
• the cell count and cell proliferation with the same drug study analogous to Examples 6 and 7 was recorded in real time by means of the system xCELLLigence (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).
• the xCELLigence Sys ⁇ tem is a microelectronic biosensor for zellba ⁇ catalyzed, label-free analysis, provides the dynamic cell data in real time.
• the culture plates of xCELLigence Sys tems ⁇ are equipped each well with microelectrodes on the ground, in order to measure changes in electrical impedance. Quantitative impedance changes correlate with the number and strength of cell contacts with the underlying electrodes.
• Delphinidin-SBE-ß-CD shows in accordance with the high rates of apoptosis (Example 6) and the loss of Zellvita ⁇ lity (Example 7) a complete collapse of the
• Cell proliferation in particular strong antiproliferative effects from a concentration of 1000 pg / ml in Figure 5 and a complete blockade of cell proliferation from 500 pg / ml in Figure 6.
• the effect of the delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD complex in combination with the pro-apoptotic death ligand TRAIL, against which the cell line A-375 possesses only moderate apoptosis sensitivity was investigated by means of the sub-Gi peak method .
• the cells were incubated for 24 hours with 30-1000 pg of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD per ml of cell suspension with and without 0.02 pg of TRAIL per ml of cell suspension the complex partners SBE-ß-CD-treated cells served as controls carried out as ⁇ and untreated cells.
• the experiments were carried out in parallel both at low (low cell confluence), and higher cell density (higher cell concurrency), the result ⁇ se in the figures IIa (low cell concurrence) and IIb (higher cell concurrency) are shown graphically processed.
• Example 9 the cell viability of the test cell line was unersucht analogously to Example 7, with the Un ⁇ ter Kunststoff that the cells of the combination of Delphinidin- SBE-ß-CD complexes and TRAIL were suspended.
• the cells were incubated for 24 hours with 30-1000 pg of delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD per ml of cell suspension with and without 0.02 pg / ml TRAIL per ml of cell suspension, the complex partner SBE-ß CD-treated cells, as well as untreated cells served as controls.
• Example 9 Analogously to Example 9, the experiment was so ⁇ well performed at low (low cell confluency) as well as higher cell density (higher cell confluency) in Example 10, the results displayed graphically in Figures 12a (low cell confluency) and 12b (higher cell confluency) Darge ⁇ are.
• RTCA Continuous real-time cell analysis
• Delphinidin-SBE-ß-CD is in combination with TRAIL in accordance with the opposite delphinidin SBE-ß-CD alone increased apoptosis rates (Example 9) as well as the greater loss of cell viability (Example 10) a sy ⁇ nerg Vietnamese and greater blockage of cell proliferation (see Figure 14).
• a stronger block of cell proliferation can also be found in the combination of delphinidin Cl with TRAIL against TRAIL alone and delphinidin alone (see Figure 15).
• the cell structure of the tissue was loosened by a one-hour incubation with trypsin-EDTA solution.
• stop medium was added to the skin.
• the piece of skin was swung twice in PBS, so that a fibroblast suspension was obtained.
• the fibroblasts obtained were centrifuged off at 4 ° C. for 5 min at 1000 revolutions and used after quantification.
• the intracellular ATP content decreases strongly by ATPase-mediated degradation.
• the liberated ATP content can thus be used as a measure of the number of vital cells.
• the released ATP is coupled to a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase, in which, in the presence of Mg 2+, the ATP-dependent oxidation of the substrate luciferin to oxyluciferin, carbon dioxide, AMP, inorganic phosphate with release of light takes place.
• the amount of light released correlated with the ATP content is measured and allows an indirect quantifiable inference to the vitality of the examined cells.
• RLU Relative Light Units
• Kits and devices for ATP determination are known in the art, for example, the ATP test kit from. Biothema AB, Haning, Sweden, and the portable luminometer Lumino® Fa. STRATEC Biomedical Systems AG, Birkenfeld, Germany.
• Lumino® Fa. STRATEC Biomedical Systems AG Birkenfeld, Germany.
• To determine the intracellular ATP Usually 50 ⁇ pppettiert the sample to be examined in a glass tube, to 50 ⁇ of the Extractant- reagent B / S for cell lysis and 400 ⁇ of the ATP-HS reagent added and after subsequent mixing the striglos ⁇ sene tube in the luminometer for automatic Measurement and evaluation of the light emission given.
• the human fibroblast or endothelial cells Prior to the drug treatment and application of the ATP luminescence assay in the present case, the human fibroblast or endothelial cells were seeded with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM medium) on 96-well microtiter plates (5000 cells / well) and for Cultivated for 3 days. After this Anheftungs- and growth phase of the cells in the incubator cabinet ⁇ substance treatment took place at time intervals from day 1-day 4 (endothelial cells) and 4h, 24h, 48h and 96h
• DMEM medium Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
• the active substance delphinidinCl or delphinidin-SBE- ⁇ -CD complex dissolved in 3 wells in ⁇ DMEM medium was added in different concentrations (0.1 ⁇ , 3.2 ⁇ , 100 ⁇ ).
• test results of the ATP luminescence assays are shown in Figures 18 (endothelial cells) and 19 (fibroblasts) graphically processed and can be as follows
• Figures 18 and 19 fibroblasts graphically processed and can be as follows
• DelphinidinCl and delphinidin-SBE-ß-CD show no at the investigated active substance concentration (0.1-100 ⁇ ) significant cytotoxic effects on human
• Fibroblasts and endothelial cells are Fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

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