WO2014084354A1 - Rna干渉剤、その製造方法及びその利用 - Google Patents
Rna干渉剤、その製造方法及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- RNA interference hereinafter, also simply referred to as RNAi
- RNAi RNA interference
- RNAi can cause degradation of mRNA in a sequence-specific manner and suppress expression of a target gene.
- SiRNA and miRNA causing RNAi are expected to be used for functional analysis of genes and clinical application from the viewpoint of simplicity as a technology and high gene suppression effect.
- siRNA double-stranded siRNA or miRNA is usually taken up into a protein complex called RISC and dissociated into single strands in the cell.
- the strand that remains in the RISC as it is and participates in gene expression is called a guide strand (antisense strand), and the other strand released from the RISC is called a passenger strand (sense strand).
- the RISC complex containing the guide strand recognizes the target mRNA having a sequence complementary to the guide strand, and cleaves the target mRNA by the slicer activity of ago2. .
- miRNA the target mRNA is recognized and the translation process is suppressed. As a result, it is believed that the expression of the target gene is suppressed.
- the passenger chain may be incorporated as if it were a guide chain.
- a so-called off-target effect occurs.
- the off-target effect is a phenomenon that suppresses other genes that are not originally intended other than the target gene.
- RNAi when the passenger strand is incorporated into RISC, the base sequence of the passenger strand (complementary to the guide strand) acts on the mRNA of another gene that is not the original target gene, and its expression is reduced. It can occur that it is suppressed.
- Patent Document 1 As an attempt to suppress such an off-target effect, it has been disclosed to introduce a modified nucleotide into the passenger strand (Patent Document 1). Moreover, providing a discontinuous part in a passenger chain
- the RISC PAZ (Piwi / Argonaute / Zwille) domain is known to have a universally hydrophobic pocket, and the 3′-end of the guide strand interacts with this hydrophobic pocket to guide the chain. It is known that a RISC complex is formed (Non-patent Document 1).
- the disclosure of the present specification provides an RNA interference agent that can obtain an off-target effect suppression effect with a simple configuration.
- the present inventors have incorporated the passenger strand (sense strand) into the PAZ domain at the 3 ′ end. Inferred that it is effective to suppress Therefore, a polar group was introduced at the 3 ′ end of the RNA duplex guide strand and / or passenger strand to evaluate the suppression of the off-target effect. As a result, it was found that single-stranded RNA having a polar group introduced at the 3 'end cannot exhibit the RNAi effect as a result. Based on such knowledge, the disclosure of the present specification provides the following means.
- a single-stranded oligonucleotide comprising one or more PAZ domain low affinity units at the 3 ′ end is provided.
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit may be represented by the following formula.
- Y represents a group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Y may represent a group having 2 carbon atoms.
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit may be a unit represented by the following formula, for example.
- the 3 ′ end preferably comprises two PAZ domain low affinity units.
- a guide strand oligonucleotide having an antisense site with respect to a predetermined base sequence of a target gene, and a single-stranded oligonucleotide disclosed herein, which is specific to the antisense site And a passenger strand oligonucleotide that hybridizes to an RNA interference agent.
- a PAZ domain high affinity unit may be provided at the 3 'end of the guide strand oligonucleotide.
- PAZ domain high affinity unit may be represented by the following formula.
- A independently represents one of the following formulas, and m represents an integer of 1 or 2 or more.
- a passenger strand and a guide strand that are single-stranded oligonucleotides having one or more PAZ domain low-affinity units at the 3 ′ end are prepared, and duplexed by hybridization.
- an oligonucleotide synthesis reagent represented by the following formula is provided.
- Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- W1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl protecting group
- W2 is bonded to a hydrogen atom, a phosphoramidite group or a solid phase carrier. Or, it represents a linked linking group.
- a method for evaluating the function of a gene the step of preparing an RNA interference agent disclosed in the present specification using the gene as a target gene, and the cell holding the gene in the cell
- an evaluation method comprising introducing an RNA interference agent and evaluating a change in the cell.
- a method for screening an RNA interference agent which is disclosed in one or more of the present specification, each having an antisense site candidate for one or more different predetermined base sequences of a target gene, respectively.
- Preparing an RNA interference agent to be prepared, and introducing the one or more RNA interference agents into a cell holding the target gene and evaluating the expression state of the target gene in the cell A screening method is provided.
- a method for screening an RNA interference agent comprising a guide strand having an antisense site for a predetermined base sequence of a target gene, and one or more PAZ domain low affinity at the 3 ′ end
- a screening method comprising the step of evaluating.
- RNA interference agent disclosed by this specification. It is a figure which shows the outline
- the disclosure of the present specification relates to an RNA interference agent used for RNA interference, a production method thereof, use of the RNA interference agent, and the like.
- the single-stranded oligonucleotide disclosed in the present specification as the passenger strand of the RNA interference agent, the off-target effect by the passenger strand can be suppressed.
- RNA interference agents Since the off-target effect of RNA interference agents is suppressed, gene function analysis and drug screening can be performed with high reliability. Gene therapy can also be performed with high safety.
- the off-target effect of the RNA interference agent is suppressed, the degree of freedom in selecting an antisense site in the guide strand can be increased, and the RNA interference effect can be further enhanced.
- FIG. 1 An example of a single-stranded oligonucleotide disclosed in the present specification is shown in FIG.
- the single-stranded oligonucleotide disclosed herein can comprise one or more PAZ domain low affinity units at the 3 ′ end.
- PAZ domain low affinity units are provided, they are shown as typical examples and are not intended to limit the present invention.
- This single-stranded oligonucleotide disclosed in the present specification is used as a passenger strand of an RNA interference agent as shown in FIG.
- the single-stranded oligonucleotide disclosed in the present specification is also referred to as a passenger oligonucleotide.
- the PAZ domain recognizes a 3 'terminal 2 base overhanging site of siRNA.
- the PAZ domain has a hydrophobic pocket.
- the PAZ domain low-affinity unit may be any unit having a structure in which the interaction with this pocket is weaker than, for example, TT constituting the 3 'end of a conventional siRNA.
- PAZ domain low-affinity unit means a unit that makes RNA strands less likely to bind to the RISC PAZ domain when it has 2 units at the 3 'end of the RNA strand than when it has TT at the 3' end. is doing.
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit can be obtained, for example, as follows. A double-stranded RNA in which the 3 'end of each single-stranded RNA protrudes by 2 units each and a double-stranded RNA in which each 3' end of the passenger strand is TT is prepared as a control RNA duplex.
- a test double-stranded RNA identical to the control double-stranded RNA is prepared except that 2 units of PAZ domain low affinity unit candidates are introduced at the 3 'end of the guide strand. Then, when the control double-stranded RNA and the test double-stranded RNA are introduced into cells holding the gene that is the target of expression suppression under the same conditions, the effect of suppressing the expression of the target gene is lower than that of the control double-stranded RNA.
- a candidate for the 3 ′ end of the test double-stranded RNA can be referred to as a PAZ domain low affinity unit. More specifically, it refers to a unit whose expression suppression effect does not improve even when the amount of test double-stranded RNA introduced is increased.
- the cell may be a human cell, a non-human animal cell, or another cell.
- Such a PAZ domain low affinity unit preferably contains a polar group. This is because it is generally known that a highly hydrophobic unit has a high affinity for the PAZ domain.
- the PAZ domain recognizes a 2 base overhanging site at the 3 ′ end of the siRNA guide strand.
- the PAZ domain of RISC has a hydrophobic pocket in which hydrophobic residues having an aromatic ring are densely packed, and is thought to recognize a two-base overhanging site of the siRNA guide strand by hydrophobic interaction.
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit may be provided so that the 3 ′ end of the passenger strand weakens the interaction with the hydrophobic pocket more than the 3 ′ end of the guide strand.
- Such a structure is not particularly limited.
- acidic groups such as a carboxyl group (—COOH) and a phosphate group (—PO 3 H, —PO 3 H—) that are acidic in the cell
- a basic group such as an amino group (—NH 2 , —NH—) that exhibits basicity. Further, it may be a hydroxyl group (—OH) or an ether bond (—O—).
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit is represented, for example, by the following formula (1).
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit is at the 3 'end, the right end of the following formula is a hydrogen or phosphate group.
- X is a linking group
- Y is a group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
- n represents the number of PAZ domain low affinity units and represents an integer of 1 or 2 or more. When n is 2 or more, PAZ domain low affinity units are provided in succession. According to such a PAZ domain low-affinity unit, it can be easily synthesized and the binding of the passenger oligonucleotide to the PAZ domain can be effectively suppressed.
- Examples of the PAZ domain low affinity unit containing the linking group X include the divalent groups described below.
- R represents a substituent such as an alkyl group or an acyl group, and preferably represents an acyl group having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y may be a group having 2 or more carbon atoms, and preferably represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- An alkylene group is preferred. It may be linear or branched.
- the alkylene group preferably has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 carbon atoms.
- the hydrogen atom of the alkylene group may be substituted, but is preferably not substituted.
- a preferred PAZ domain low affinity unit is represented by the following formula.
- Y and n have the same meaning as in formula (1), but Y is an unsubstituted linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an ethylene group having 2 carbon atoms.
- PAZ domain low affinity units can be provided at the 3 'end of the passenger oligonucleotide. Preferably, two or more can be provided. When a plurality of PAZ domain low affinity units are provided, they are preferably provided continuously. The number of PAZ domain low affinity units is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and even more preferably 2. Note that an oligonucleotide that is not a PAZ domain low affinity unit may be provided at the 3 'end. Preferably, a PAZ domain low affinity unit is provided continuously from the terminal at the 3 'end.
- the passenger oligonucleotide can be provided with an element as a normal passenger oligonucleotide, except that the passenger oligonucleotide is provided with such a 3 'end. That is, it has a sense site that specifically hybridizes with the antisense site of the guide strand to be combined.
- the sense site is preferably a base sequence consisting of RNA bases (A, G, C and U) that are completely complementary to the antisense site.
- a nucleoside derivative or the like can be used in addition to a modified base as appropriate for the purpose of enhancing stability as an RNA interference agent.
- the length of the passenger oligonucleotide is not limited, but it is preferably 19 or more and 49 or less, more preferably 19 or more and 30 or less, including a PAZ domain low affinity unit, where one unit is 1 nucleotide. More preferably 19 or more and 24 or less, and still more preferably 19 or more and 22 or less. Most preferred is 21 nucleotides.
- the passenger oligonucleotide since the passenger oligonucleotide has a PAZ domain low affinity unit at its 3 'end, the 3' end of the passenger oligonucleotide hardly binds to the PAZ domain.
- the RNA interference agent when the RNA interference agent is constituted with the guide strand using the passenger oligonucleotide as the passenger strand, the passenger strand is selectively released from the RISC. Therefore, an unintended single strand (passenger strand) -RISC is not formed. For this reason, the expression of genes other than the target gene is not suppressed. That is, the target effect (off-target effect) by the passenger oligonucleotide can be suppressed.
- the passenger oligonucleotide is a simple unit containing a polar group, the synthesis cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the passenger oligonucleotide can suppress the off-target effect by providing a simple polar unit only at the 3 'end.
- RNA interference agent The RNA interference agent disclosed in the present specification can comprise a guide strand oligonucleotide having an antisense site with respect to a predetermined base sequence of a target gene, and a passenger oligonucleotide.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an RNA interference agent.
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show a form without a PAZ domain high affinity unit and a form with the unit at the 3 ′ end of the guide strand, respectively.
- RNA interference agent since the passenger oligonucleotide is provided as the passenger strand, formation of an unintended RISC complex with the passenger strand is suppressed (see FIG. 3). As a result, the off-target effect is suppressed. As a result, the expression of the target gene can be suppressed with high selectivity.
- the guide strand of the RNA interference agent has an antisense site that specifically hybridizes with a predetermined base sequence (sense sequence) of the target gene.
- the antisense site has a base sequence composed of RNA bases (A, G, C and U) which are preferably completely complementary to the base sequence of the target gene.
- a nucleoside derivative or the like can be used as appropriate in addition to a modified base for the purpose of enhancing stability as an RNA interference agent.
- the guide strand typically has a dangling end at the 3 'end that protrudes from the 5' end of the passenger strand by 1 base or 2 bases (preferably 2 bases) when hybridized with the passenger strand.
- the guide strand can be provided with nucleotides such as UU or TT at the 3 'end thereof as in the case of conventionally known siRNA.
- the 3 'end of the guide strand can be provided with a combination of one or more U, T, or other bases.
- the guide strand of the RNA interference agent can have a PAZ domain high affinity unit at the 3 'end.
- the PAZ domain high-affinity unit means a unit that binds more easily to a RISC PAZ domain when two units are provided at the 3 'end of the RNA strand than when TT is provided at the 3' end.
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit can be obtained, for example, as follows. Each of a guide strand (having an RNA base sequence complementary to the sense strand of a predetermined gene) and a passenger strand constituting a double-stranded RNA in which the 3 ′ end of each single-stranded RNA protrudes by 2 units.
- RNA duplex a test double-stranded RNA identical to the control heavy-chain RNA is prepared except that 2 units of a PAZ domain high-affinity unit candidate are introduced at the 3 'end of the guide strand.
- the control double-stranded RNA and the test double-stranded RNA are introduced into cells holding the gene that is the target of expression suppression under the same conditions, the effect of suppressing the expression of the target gene is higher than that of the control double-stranded RNA.
- the unit constituting the 3 ′ end of such test double-stranded RNA More specifically, it refers to a unit whose expression suppression effect improves as the amount of test double-stranded RNA introduced increases.
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit has a higher expression suppression effect than the PAZ domain low affinity unit. It can also be said that the PAZ domain high affinity unit is a unit having a lower polarity (higher hydrophobicity) than the PAZ domain low affinity unit.
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit may be a sugar-phosphate skeleton of a natural nucleotide as its backbone, or may be another non-natural skeleton.
- the unit may be a natural nucleotide, a modified nucleotide, or a non-nucleotide compound.
- Such a PAZ domain high affinity unit is preferably a unit having a benzene-like skeleton.
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit is represented, for example, by the following formula (2).
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit is at the 3 'end, the right end of the following formula is a hydrogen or phosphate group.
- m represents the number of PAZ domain high affinity units and represents an integer of 1 or 2 or more. When m is 2 or more, PAZ domain high affinity units are continuously provided.
- A independently represents one of the following formulas, and m represents an integer of 1 or 2 or more.
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit can comprise one or more units at the 3 'end of the passenger oligonucleotide. Preferably, two or more can be provided. When a plurality of PAZ domain high affinity units are provided, they are preferably provided continuously.
- the PAZ domain high affinity unit is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and even more preferably 2.
- the method for producing an RNA interference agent disclosed in the present specification can comprise a step of preparing a passenger oligonucleotide and a guide strand and forming a double-stranded RNA by hybridization. According to this production method, an RNA interference agent in which the off-target effect is suppressed can be easily produced.
- the passenger oligonucleotide can be synthesized by a known phosphoramidite method by using a phosphoramidite body or CPG reagent for imparting a PAZ domain low affinity unit at the time of synthesis of the 3 'end.
- a compound represented by the following formula can be used as a reagent for oligonucleotide synthesis such as a phosphoramidite body or CPG reagent for imparting a PAZ domain low affinity unit.
- W 1 may represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl protecting group.
- the hydroxyl protecting group may be any group that protects hydroxyl groups from unintended reactions. Such a hydroxyl protecting group is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known hydroxyl protecting groups can be used.
- Preferred protecting groups of the present invention include fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group (FMOC group), dimethoxytrityl group (DMT group), quaternary butyldimethylsilyl group (TBDMS group), monomethoxytrityl group, trifluoroacetyl group, levulinyl group Or a silyl group.
- a preferred protecting group is a trityl group, for example selected from dimethoxytrityl (DMT) and quaternary butyldimethylsilyl group (TBDMS group).
- W 2 represents a hydroxyl group protecting group, a phosphoramidite group, or a linking group bound to or bound to a solid phase carrier.
- a compound (amidite compound) in which W 2 is a phosphoramidite group can be used as a phosphoramidite reagent by the phosphoramidite method to synthesize oligonucleotides.
- the phosphoramidite group can be represented by the following formula.
- each Y 1 may independently be the same or different and represents a branched or straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and Y 2 represents a branched group. Or a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkoxyl group.
- Y 1 is not particularly limited, an isopropyl group is preferable, and examples of Y 2 include —OCH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 2 ECN, —OCH 2 CHCH 2 and the like.
- a compound in which W 2 is a linking group bonded to a solid phase carrier such as CPG is held on the solid phase carrier by binding the linking group to a predetermined functional group on the solid phase carrier such as an amino group. Is done.
- the —OYO- moiety of the PAZ domain low affinity unit binds to the solid phase carrier via a predetermined solid phase linking group. Therefore, this reagent can be used as a starting material for nucleic acid solid phase synthesis of passenger oligonucleotides.
- a plurality of PAZ domain low affinity units can be linked to this reagent by a phosphoramidite method using a phosphoramidite reagent having an -OYO- moiety.
- oligonucleotide having a predetermined length containing a sense site can be synthesized using a commonly used ribonucleotide phosphoramidite reagent.
- a polymer carrier is generally used as the solid phase carrier, and examples thereof include CPG (controlled pored glass), HCP (highly cross-linked polystyrene), and a certain kind of gel.
- the solid phase carrier may have an appropriate spacer.
- the linking group is a linker that links the solid phase carrier and the present compound.
- a known succinate linker, oxalate linker, silanediyl linker, silyl linker, or the like can be used.
- the reagent represented by such a formula is synthesized by combining known methods. For example, it can be synthesized by the following scheme.
- a benzene-like skeleton unit can be introduced by a known method as described above.
- the antisense part in the guide strand is appropriately selected from the base sequence of the target gene.
- the gene functional analysis method disclosed in the present specification includes a step of preparing an RNA interference agent disclosed in the present specification using the gene as a target gene, and introducing the RNA interference agent into a cell holding the gene And a step of evaluating a change in the cell. According to this evaluation method, since the off-target effect is suppressed, the expression of only the target gene can be suppressed with high selectivity. As a result, gene evaluation can be performed accurately.
- RNA interference agent In introducing an RNA interference agent into a cell, a known general method can be employed.
- the cell include various cells including in vitro human cells or non-human animal cells. Further, the cell may be a cell in the living body of a non-human animal.
- the evaluation items and the evaluation method in the process of evaluating changes in cells can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art according to the type of target gene and the like. For example, in addition to evaluating the expression state of a target gene in a cell (whether or not expression is suppressed, etc.), a possible biological, chemical and / or physical change in the cell is detected. Can be mentioned. In the case where an in vivo cell is used as the cell, it is possible to detect a biological, chemical and / or physical change in a non-human animal in which the cell exists.
- the method for screening an RNA interference regulator disclosed in the present specification includes one or more RNAs disclosed in the present specification each having candidate antisense sites for one or more different predetermined base sequences of a target gene.
- the off-target effect is suppressed, and the target gene expression suppression effect of an RNA interference agent having an antisense site candidate can be accurately evaluated. For this reason, an antisense site effective as an RNA interference agent can be efficiently screened.
- an RNA interference agent having an effective antisense site with an off-target effect suppressed can be screened.
- the passenger strand of the RNA interference agent As the passenger strand of the RNA interference agent, the passenger oligonucleotides of various aspects already described can be used. The same applies to the guide chain. An antisense site is provided in the guide strand.
- Examples of cells into which the RNA interference agent is introduced include various cells including human cells or non-human animal cells in vitro. Further, the cell may be a cell in the living body of a non-human animal.
- RNA interference agents for introducing RNA interference agents into cells and evaluation of target gene expression status are well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can appropriately select the type of target gene and the mode of cells into which RNA interference agents are introduced. be able to. Typically, a luciferase assay as shown in the examples can be employed.
- the method for screening an RNA interference agent disclosed in the present specification has a guide strand having an antisense site for a predetermined base sequence of a target gene, and one or more PAZ domain low affinity unit candidates at the 3 ′ end.
- a step of preparing one or more RNA interference agents having a passenger strand, a step of introducing the one or more RNA interference agents into a cell holding the target gene, and evaluating a change in the cells; Can be provided.
- a PAZ domain low affinity unit candidate effective for suppressing the off-target effect can be screened, and an RNA interference agent in which the off-target effect is suppressed can be obtained.
- a luciferase assay as shown in the examples can be employed.
- the PAZ domain low affinity unit candidate may be a unit having a polar or high polarity group such as an acidic group or a basic group.
- Various aspects of the PAZ domain low affinity unit described above may be applied to the PAZ domain low affinity unit candidate. Thereby, the most effective PAZ domain low affinity unit according to the kind of gene and the kind of cell can be screened.
- the cells into which the RNA interference agent is introduced include various cells including in vitro human cells or non-human animal cells. Further, the cell may be a cell in the living body of a non-human animal. Also in this screening method, methods for introducing RNA interference agents into cells and evaluation of target gene expression status are well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can introduce target gene types and RNA interference agents. The mode of the cell to be selected can be appropriately selected.
- Trityl compounds (compounds 6 to 10) amidite compounds (compounds 11 to 15) and CPG reagents (compounds 16 to 20) for the PAZ domain low affinity unit were synthesized by the scheme shown below.
- CPG carrier 16-20 ⁇ Production of CPG carrier 16-20> CPG reagents 16 to 20 were obtained by binding each of the trityl compounds 6 to 10 to a CPG resin via succinylation. Details will be described below.
- the succinyl compound (assuming that the above succinylation reaction was 100% yield) was vacuum-dried overnight and dissolved in dry DMF (0.02M solution to CPG), and CPG resin (76-103 ⁇ mol / g, 1/4 equivalent of the raw material) was added and blended with the solution.
- WSC 4 eq to CPG
- the activities of the obtained CPG reagents 16-20 were measured.
- the activity values were CPG resin 16: 56.6 ⁇ mol / ⁇ g, 17: 52.2 ⁇ mol / ⁇ g, 18: 23.2 ⁇ mol / ⁇ g, 19: 29.4 ⁇ mol / ⁇ g, and 20: 53.1 ⁇ mol / ⁇ g.
- RNA interference agent Synthesis of oligonucleotide and preparation of RNA interference agent
- Oligonucleotides having a predetermined 3 ′ terminal dangling end were synthesized by an automatic nucleic acid synthesizer according to the solid phase phosphoramidite method.
- a guide strand (antisense strand) and a passenger strand (sense strand) having a 3 ′ dangling end shown in the following table were synthesized. Base sequences other than the 3 ′ dangling ends of the guide strand and passenger strand are shown below.
- This RNA interference agent is intended to suppress the expression of a gene encoding Renilla Luciferase, which is a fluorescent protein of Renilla.
- a sense strand and an antisense strand having the following PB at the 3 ′ end were also synthesized as described in the pamphlet of WO2007 / 094135.
- the antisense strands and guide strands thus synthesized were combined in equimolar amounts, respectively, and annealed with a combination of guide strands and passenger strands of various embodiments as shown in FIG. Produced.
- RNA interference agent produced in Example 2 was performed as follows. That is, using the RNA interference agents of Examples and Comparative Examples, a Dual Luciferase repoter assay using HeLa cells was performed to evaluate the knockdown effect.
- the synthesized siRNA targets Renilla Luciferase, and the knockdown effect was measured by simultaneously transfecting a HeRNA cell with a vector expressing this gene and a control gene (firefly Luciferase) and siRNA. Specific operations and reagents are shown below. The results are shown in FIGS.
- Cell HeLa cell plate: 96 well plate (BD falcon) Medium: D-MEM (Wako) + 10% BS (SIGMA) or OPTI-MEM (Invitrogen)
- Transfection reagent transfast TM (0.1 mM concentration, 0.3 ⁇ L / well)
- siRNA siRNA targeting Renilla gene (each concentration shown)
- Vector psiCHECK TM -2 Vectors (promega, 20ng / well)
- Assay kit Dual-Glo TM Luciferase Assay System (promega)
- microarray analysis was used to confirm the effect of suppressing the off-target effect by the passenger by introducing a highly polar puzz domain low affinity unit into the 3 'end of the passenger strand.
- an RNA interference agent according to the present disclosure siRNA, which is intended to suppress the expression of a gene encoding RenillaiferLuciferase, a Renilla fluorescent protein as in Examples 2 and 3
- siRNA siRNA, which is intended to suppress the expression of a gene encoding RenillaiferLuciferase, a Renilla fluorescent protein as in Examples 2 and 3
- the transfected plasmid is Promega psi-check-2 vector, and the siRNA sequence used was antisense strand: 5'- guaggaguagugaaaggcc -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1), sense strand: 5'- ggccuuucacuacuccuacac-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- serum-containing medium 500 ⁇ l / well
- cells were collected using a trypsin-EDTA solution (Invitrogen).
- RNA extraction Total RNA was extracted from the collected cells using the Qiagen RNeasy mini kit with reference to the recommended protocol. The absorbance of the obtained total RNA solution was measured and found to be A: 792.4 ng / ⁇ l, B: 941.6 ng / ⁇ l, and C: 642.8 ng / ⁇ l.
- RNA extracted from the cells was mailed to Hokkaido System Science Co., Ltd. on a frozen flight containing dry ice, and microarray analysis (SurePrint G3 Human GE Ver. 2.0 8x60K 1color from Agilent Technologies) was requested. This request analysis included quality RNA inspection, cDNA synthesis from total RNA, cRNA labeling (Cy3) and amplification, hybridization, and scanning.
- the delivered raw data was analyzed in detail using GeneSpring 12.5, a microarray data analysis software. First, all raw data was normalized with 75% tile (inter-chip correction). Thereafter, filtering by expression level (20-100% tile) was performed.
- RNA was extracted from each of the cells transfected under the conditions of A, B, and C described above, and relative quantification of the GAPDH gene and the NCF1 gene from the Ct value was performed using a real-time RT-PCR method.
- PCR was performed according to the recommended protocol using TaKaRa's One Step SYBR PrimeScript PLUS RT-PCR Kit (SYBR Green I detection system).
- SYBR Green I detection system As a result, when the GAPDH gene was used as a control, it was confirmed that the NCF1 gene was correlated as shown in FIG.
- the primer sequences used in the PCR reaction are as follows.
- GAPDH-For TATAAATTGAGCCCGCAGCC (SEQ ID NO: 3) GAPDH-Rev CCATGGTGTCTGAGCGATGT (SEQ ID NO: 4) NCF1-For GAAGGTGTCCCCCATGACTG (SEQ ID NO: 5) NCF1-Rev TCCAGTGCATTTAAGGCGCA (SEQ ID NO: 6)
- the number of genes in which the difference in expression level was recognized in A (negative control) vs B (positive control) (hereinafter A / B) was 19955, and of these, the gene whose expression level was decreased in B from A ( In the figure, A / B up) was 11658, and the increase (A / B down) was 8297.
- the number of genes in which the difference in the expression level was recognized in A / C was 19814.
- the gene whose expression level decreased in C from A (A / C up in the figure) was 11631.
- a / C ⁇ down in the figure was 8183.
- siRNA SEQ ID NO: 3 to 6 Primer SEQ ID NO: 7 to 12: Probe
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Abstract
Description
本明細書に開示される一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドの一例を図1に示す。図1に示すように、本明細書に開示される一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドは、3’末端にPAZドメイン低親和性ユニットを1又は2以上を備えることができる。なお、図1においてはPAZドメイン低親和性ユニットを2個備えているが、典型例として示すものであり、これに限定する趣旨ではない。
本明細書に開示されるRNA干渉剤は、標的遺伝子の所定の塩基配列に対するアンチセンス部位を有するガイド鎖オリゴヌクレオチドと、パッセンジャーオリゴヌクレオチドと、を備えることができる。図2には、RNA干渉剤の一例を示す。図2(a)及び(b)は、それぞれガイド鎖の3’末端にPAZドメイン高親和性ユニットを備えない形態及び当該ユニットを備える形態を示す。
本明細書に開示されるRNA干渉剤の製造方法は、パッセンジャーオリゴヌクレオチドと、ガイド鎖とを準備し、ハイブリダイゼーションにより二重鎖RNAを形成する工程を備えることができる。この製造方法によれば、オフ・ターゲット効果が抑制されたRNA干渉剤を簡易に製造することができる。
本明細書に開示される遺伝子の機能解析方法は、前記遺伝子を標的遺伝子として、本明細書に開示されるRNA干渉剤を準備する工程と、前記遺伝子を保持する細胞に前記RNA干渉剤を導入して、前記細胞における変化を評価する工程と、を備えることができる。本評価方法によれば、オフ・ターゲット効果が抑制されているので、標的遺伝子のみの発現を高い選択性で抑制できる。この結果、遺伝子の評価を的確に行うことができる。
本明細書に開示されるRNA干渉制御剤のスクリーニング方法は、標的遺伝子の1又は2以上の異なる所定の塩基配列に対するアンチセンス部位候補をそれぞれ有する1又は2以上の本明細書に開示されるRNA干渉剤を準備する工程と、前記1又は2以上のRNA干渉剤を前記標的遺伝子を保持する細胞に導入して前記細胞における前記標的遺伝子の発現状態を評価する工程と、を備えることができる。このスクリーニング方法によると、オフ・ターゲット効果が抑制されており、アンチセンス部位候補を備えるRNA干渉剤の標的遺伝子の発現抑制効果を的確に評価することができる。このため、RNA干渉剤として有効なアンチセンス部位を効率的にスクリーニングできる。また、オフ・ターゲット効果が抑制され、かつ有効なアンチセンス部位を有するRNA干渉剤をスクリーニングできる。
本明細書に開示されるRNA干渉剤のスクリーニング方法は、標的遺伝子の所定の塩基配列に対するアンチセンス部位を有するガイド鎖と、3’末端に1又は2以上のPAZドメイン低親和性ユニット候補を有するパッセンジャー鎖と、を有する1又は2以上のRNA干渉剤を準備する工程と、前記1又は2以上のRNA干渉剤を前記標的遺伝子を保持する細胞に導入して前記細胞における変化を評価する工程と、を備えることができる。このスクリーニング方法によれば、オフ・ターゲット効果の抑制に効果的なPAZドメイン低親和性ユニット候補をスクリーニングすることができ、オフ・ターゲット効果が抑制されたRNA干渉剤を得ることができる。典型的には、実施例に示すようなルシフェラーゼアッセイ等を採用できる。
PAZドメイン低親和性ユニットのための、トリチル体(化合物6~10)アミダイト体(化合物11~15)及びCPG試薬(化合物16~20)を以下に示すスキームで合成した。
スキームに示す化合物1~5を出発原料とし、DMTrClにて片方の水酸基のトリチル保護を行い、トリチル体6~10を得た。以下に、その詳細を説明する。なお、それぞれの反応は化合物別に行ったものである。
(化合物6) : 7.45~7.20 ( 9H, m ), 6.83 ( 4H, d, J = 8.8 Hz ) , 3.79 ( 6H, s) , 3.73 ( 2H, m) , 3.26 ( 2H, t, J= 4.8 Hz )
(化合物7) : 7.43~7.20 ( 9H, m), 6.83 ( 4H, d, J = 8.4 Hz ) , 3.79 ( 6H, s) , 3.76 ( 2H, t, J = 5.8 Hz) , 3.28 ( 2H, t, J= 5.8 Hz ) , 1.85 ( 2H, q, J = 5.8 Hz )
(化合物8) : 7.44~7.20 ( 9H, m ), 6.82 ( 4H, d, J = 7.6 Hz ) , 3.79 ( 6H, s ) , 3.64 ( 2H, s ) , 3.11 ( 2H, s ) , 1.68 ( 4H, s )
(化合物9) : 7.44~7.20 ( 9H, m ), 6.82 ( 4H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) , 3.79 ( 6H, s ) , 3.63 ( 2H, q, J = 6.1 Hz ) , 3.06 ( 2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz ) , 1.66~1.17 ( 6H, m )
(化合物10) : 7.43~7.18 ( 9H, m ), 6.82 ( 4H, d, J = 8.4 Hz ) , 3.79 ( 6H, s ) , 3.62 ( 2H, q, J = 5.6 Hz ) , 3.05 ( 2H, t, J = 6.0 Hz ) , 1.66~1.16 ( 8H, m )
トリチル体6~10の残った片方の水酸基を亜リン酸化しアミダイト体11~15を得た。以下、詳細を説明する。なお、以下の反応は化合物別に行ったものである。また、グローブバック中、完全無水条件下で操作を行った。
31P NMR(160MHz、CDCl3)[ppm] : 149.21(化合物11)、149.13(化合物12)、147.92(化合物13)、147.90(化合物14)、147.76(化合物15)
トリチル体6~10からそれぞれスクシニル化を経てCPG樹脂に結合させることで、CPG試薬16~20を得た。以下、詳細を説明する。
所定の3’末端ダングリングエンドを有するオリゴヌクレオチドを固相ホスホロアミダイト法に従って核酸自動合成機によって合成した。以下の表に示す3’ダングリング末端を有するガイド鎖(アンチセンス鎖)及びパッセンジャー鎖(センス鎖)をそれぞれ合成した。ガイド鎖及びパッセンジャー鎖の各3’ダングリング末端以外の塩基配列を以下に示す。このRNA干渉剤は、ウミシイタケの蛍光タンパク質であるRenilla Luciferaseをコードする遺伝子の発現抑制を意図したものとなっている。
パッセンジャー鎖:5’-ggc cuu uca cua cuc cua c-3’(配列番号2)
実施例2で作製したRNA干渉剤の評価を以下のようにして行った。すなわち実施例及び比較例のRNA干渉剤を用い、HeLa細胞を用いたDual Luciferase repoter assayを行い、ノックダウン効果を評価した。合成したsiRNAはRenilla Luciferaseをターゲットにしており、この遺伝子とコントロール遺伝子(firefly Luciferase)を発現するベクターとsiRNAを同時にHeLa細胞にトランスフェクションすることで、そのノックダウン効果を測定した。なお、具体的操作及び試薬を以下に示す。また、結果を図5及び図6に示す。
細胞をプレートに播種し(4~5×103 cells/ well)、24時間培養後、OPTI-MEMとtransfastを用いて各量のsiRNAとvectorをトランスフェクションした。トランスフェクション時間は、1時間で行った。24時間培養後、培地を吸引し、その後、細胞を一晩 -80℃で保存した。翌日、評価を行った。評価は、プロメガ社のプロトコールに従って行った。
細胞:HeLa細胞
プレート:96ウェルプレート(BD falcon)
培地:D-MEM(Wako)+10%BS(SIGMA) or OPTI-MEM (Invitrogen)
トランスフェクション試薬: transfastTM(0.1mM concentration, 0.3μL/ well)
siRNA : Renilla遺伝子を標的とするsiRNA(図示する各濃度)
ベクター: psiCHECKTM-2 Vectors (promega, 20ng/ well)
アッセイキット: Dual-GloTMLuciferase Assay System (promega)
10%BS含有細胞培養液(D-MEM、Wako)で継代培養を行っているHeLa細胞を用いた。トランスフェクション前日に24ウェルプレートに5000cells/wellになるように播種した。翌日、A:plasmid only(ネガティブコントロール)、B:plasmid + TT:TT siRNA(100nM)(ポジティブコントロール)、C:plasmid + TT:EE siRNA(100nM)(本開示のRNA干渉剤)の3つの条件でOPTI-MEM (Invitrogen) を用いてトランスフェクションを行った。なお、CのプラスミドにおけるTT:EEのEEは、エチレングリコールを2個連結していることを意味している。
Qiagen社のRNeasy mini kitを用いて、推奨プロトコルを参考に回収した細胞からtotal RNAを抽出した。得られたtotal RNA溶液の吸光度を測定したところ、A:792.4ng/μl、B:941.6 ng/μl、C:642.8 ng/μlであった。
細胞から抽出したtotal RNAをドライアイス入りの冷凍便で北海道システムサイエンス株式会社へ郵送し、マイクロアレイ解析(Agilent Techologies社のSurePrint G3 Human GE Ver. 2.0 8x60K 1color)を依頼した。この依頼解析にはtotal RNAの品質検査、total RNAからのcDNAの合成、cRNAのラベル(Cy3)化と増幅、ハイブリダイズ、スキャン作業は含まれていた。納品された生データをマイクロアレイデータ解析ソフトであるGeneSpring 12.5を用いて詳細解析した。まず、すべてのraw dataを75%tileでノーマライズ(チップ間補正)した。その後発現量でのフィルタリング(20-100%tile)を行った。
Agilent Techologies社のDNAマイクロアレイ上のスキーピング遺伝子は同一遺伝子であってもプローブ配列が違うチップが数箇所存在していたため、用いるアレイデータの信頼性の担保として比較を行った。その結果、条件Aを1とした場合、すべてのチップで比較発現量の値が0.85から1.15の幅であった。よって以後、この間の発現量の振れ幅は差がないものとして扱うこととした。逆に述べると、0.85倍以下もしくは1.15倍以上に発現量に増減があった遺伝子について、差があるものとして扱うこととした。
既述のA、B、Cの条件でトランスフェクションを行ったそれぞれの細胞からtotal RNAを抽出し、GAPDH遺伝子とNCF1遺伝子についてリアルタイムRT-PCR法を用いてCt値からの相対定量を行った。リアルタイムRT-PCR についてはTaKaRa社のOne Step SYBR PrimeScript PLUS RT-PCR Kit (SYBR Green I検出系) を用い、推奨プロトコル通りにPCR反応を行った。その結果、GAPDH遺伝子をコントロールとした場合でNCF1遺伝子は図7の通り相関が見られることが確認できた。2つの遺伝子について、PCR反応に用いたプライマー配列は以下の通りである。
GAPDH-For TATAAATTGAGCCCGCAGCC(配列番号3)
GAPDH-Rev CCATGGTGTCTGAGCGATGT(配列番号4)
NCF1-For GAAGGTGTCCCCCATGACTG(配列番号5)
NCF1-Rev TCCAGTGCATTTAAGGCGCA(配列番号6)
上述でフィルタリングをかけて得られたマイクロアレイデータから、fold change解析を行った。fold changeフィルタリング時の指定値は、ハウスキーピング遺伝子の発現量の比較結果から、1.15とした。結果を図8に示す。
また、図9のようにfold changeフィルタリングの指定値を1とした場合、総数44428遺伝子の内、AよりBで減少した遺伝子(図中A/B up)は26436、増加した遺伝子(図中A/B down)は17992であり、AよりCで減少した遺伝子(図中A/C up)は21476、増加した遺伝子(図中A/C down)は22952となった。既述の通りこの数値がすべてセンス鎖によるオフ・ターゲット効果とその抑制結果に起因するとは言えないが、コントロールをAとした場合、CよりBで発現抑制的に働く遺伝子が4960個存在することが判明し、本開示のRNA干渉剤によるオフ・ターゲット効果の抑制を確認できた。
本開示のRNA干渉剤(C)のセンス鎖配列を用いたBLAST検索より、ターゲットとなり得る可能性の高い特定の遺伝子を同定した。それぞれの遺伝子についてマイクロアレイデータから発現量の比較を行った。1本鎖化されたsiRNAがターゲットmRNAを認識し切断する部位は、5’側から数えて10番目と11番目の間であることが既に分かっている。その部位とシード領域(2~8番目)を含めた相補配列が一致する遺伝子4種類についてA~C条件における発現強度を比較した(Aを基準とした)。結果を図10に示す。
配列番号3~6:プライマー
配列番号7~12:プローブ
Claims (13)
- 3’末端にPAZドメイン低親和性ユニットを1又は2以上を備える、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。
- Yは炭素数が2の基を表す、請求項2に記載の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。
- 前記PAZドメイン低親和性ユニットを2個備える、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド。
- 標的遺伝子の所定の塩基配列に対するアンチセンス部位を有するガイド鎖オリゴヌクレオチドと、
請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドであって前記アンチセンス部位に特異的にハイブリダイズするパッセンジャー鎖オリゴヌクレオチドと、
を備える、RNA干渉剤。 - 前記ガイド鎖オリゴヌクレオチドの3’末端には、PAZドメイン高親和性ユニットを備える、請求項6に記載のRNA干渉剤。
- RNA干渉剤の製造方法であって、
3’末端にPAZドメイン低親和性ユニットを1又は2以上を備える、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドであるパッセンジャー鎖とガイド鎖とを準備し、ハイブリダイゼーションにより二重鎖RNAを形成する工程、
を備える、製造方法。 - 遺伝子の機能の評価方法であって、
前記遺伝子を標的遺伝子として、請求項6~8のいずれかに記載のRNA干渉剤を準備する工程と、
前記遺伝子を保持する細胞に前記RNA干渉剤を導入して、前記細胞における変化を評価する工程、
を備える、評価方法。 - RNA干渉剤のスクリーニング方法であって、
標的遺伝子の1又は2以上の異なる所定の塩基配列に対するアンチセンス部位候補をそれぞれ有する1又は2以上の請求項6~8のいずれかに記載のRNA干渉剤を準備する工程と、
前記1又は2以上のRNA干渉剤を前記標的遺伝子を保持する細胞に導入して前記細胞における前記標的遺伝子の発現状態を評価する工程と、
を備える、スクリーニング方法。 - RNA干渉剤のスクリーニング方法であって、
標的遺伝子の所定の塩基配列に対するアンチセンス部位を有するガイド鎖と、3’末端に1又は2以上のPAZドメイン低親和性ユニット候補を有するパッセンジャー鎖と、を有する1又は2以上のRNA干渉剤を準備する工程と、
前記1又は2以上のRNA干渉剤を前記標的遺伝子を保持する細胞に導入して前記細胞における変化を評価する工程と、
を備える、スクリーニング方法。
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- 2013-11-29 JP JP2014549919A patent/JP6346568B2/ja active Active
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US20150307878A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
EP2927320A1 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
US10006024B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
JPWO2014084354A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
JP6346568B2 (ja) | 2018-06-20 |
EP2927320A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2927320B1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
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