WO2014084291A1 - X線ct装置及びその断層画像撮影方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2014084291A1 WO2014084291A1 PCT/JP2013/081989 JP2013081989W WO2014084291A1 WO 2014084291 A1 WO2014084291 A1 WO 2014084291A1 JP 2013081989 W JP2013081989 W JP 2013081989W WO 2014084291 A1 WO2014084291 A1 WO 2014084291A1
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- successive approximation
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray CT apparatus or an X-ray tomographic imaging method thereof.
- An X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) device is an X-ray source that irradiates the subject with X-rays and an X-ray detector that detects the X-ray dose transmitted through the subject as projection data around the subject.
- a tomographic image of a subject is reconstructed using projection data obtained from a plurality of angles obtained by rotation, and the reconstructed tomographic image is displayed.
- the image displayed by the X-ray CT apparatus describes, for example, the shape of the organ of the subject and is used for image diagnosis.
- the mode using the X-ray automatic exposure mechanism based on the image noise desired by the operator (hereinafter referred to as image noise target value) is referred to as SD mode, and the CNR desired by the operator (hereinafter referred to as CNR target value).
- image noise target value the mode using the X-ray automatic exposure mechanism based on the image noise desired by the operator
- CNR target value the CNR desired by the operator
- the X-ray CT apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been described as an example of an X-ray CT apparatus provided with an X-ray automatic exposure mechanism.
- the tube current value is controlled based on the image noise target value or the CNR target value.
- the improvement in image quality by successive approximation processing in image reconstruction is completely touched on. Absent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray CT apparatus with little deterioration in image quality despite suppressing the tube current value of the X-ray tube related to the exposure dose of the X-ray CT apparatus.
- an X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention includes an X-ray tube, an X-ray source that irradiates a subject with X-rays, and an irradiation from the X-ray source that passes through the subject.
- An X-ray detector that detects transmitted X-rays, a rotation mechanism that carries the X-ray source and the X-ray detector and rotates around the subject, and is selected from a plurality of successive approximation processing conditions
- a system control device that calculates the tube current value of the X-ray tube based on the successive approximation processing condition and the input imaging condition and / or reconstruction condition, and performs imaging using the calculated tube current value of the X-ray tube
- the subject is irradiated from the X-ray source, and the transmitted X-ray dose transmitted through the subject and detected by the X-ray detector Reconstructing the tomographic image of the subject based on the selected successive approximation processing condition and the reconstruction condition Characterized in that it comprises a and an image reconstruction device.
- a tomographic imaging method of an X-ray CT apparatus comprises an X-ray tube, and an X-ray source for irradiating a subject with X-rays, and irradiation from the X-ray source
- An X-ray detector that detects transmitted X-rays transmitted through the subject, a rotation mechanism that includes the X-ray source and the X-ray detector and rotates around the subject, and a system that performs imaging
- an X-ray CT apparatus comprising a control device and an image reconstruction device that reconstructs a tomographic image of the subject from a transmitted X-ray dose detected by the X-ray detector, a plurality of successive approximation processing conditions
- a first step in which a successive approximation processing condition selected from within is input to the system control device; a second step in which imaging conditions and reconstruction conditions are input to the system control device; and the selected sequential processing.
- the approximate processing conditions and the input imaging conditions and / or the reconstruction A third step of calculating the tube current value of the X-ray tube by the system control device based on a condition; a fourth step of performing imaging by the system control device based on the calculated tube current value of the X-ray tube; Based on a tube current value, the image reconstructing device is selected from the transmitted X-ray dose irradiated to the subject from the X-ray source and transmitted through the subject and detected by the X-ray detector. And a fifth step of reconstructing the tomographic image of the subject based on the successive approximation processing condition and the reconstruction condition.
- Example 1 The block diagram for demonstrating the whole structure which concerns on one Example of this invention Functional block diagram showing the functions of the system controller in FIG. The figure for demonstrating the flow of a process of Example 1.
- Display example of S306 in FIG. 3 in Embodiment 1 Illustration for explaining tube current value clipping Explanatory drawing explaining the image noise reduction rate and tube current value reduction rate when the successive approximation process is applied Change curve of the tube current value reduction ratio according to the tube voltage in S305 of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a flow of processing for calculating an appropriate tube current value according to image noise after application of the successive approximation processing in S305 of FIG. 3 in the first embodiment.
- Example of setting screen for presetting recommended level of Example 4 Diagram for explaining the flow of processing of the embodiment 5 Tube current value graph, image noise predicted value graph for explaining the processing of S335 of FIG. 25 of Example 5
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining the processing flow of S335 in FIG. 25 according to the fifth embodiment.
- Diagram for explaining the flow of processing of the embodiment 6 Tube current value graph and image noise predicted value graph for explaining the process of S345 of FIG. 28 in Example 6 The figure for demonstrating the flow of a process of S345 of FIG. 28 of Example 6.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an X-ray CT apparatus 1 according to an embodiment.
- the X-ray CT apparatus 1 includes a scan gantry unit 100 and a console 120.
- the scan gantry unit 100 includes an X-ray tube 101, a rotating disk 102, a collimator 103, an X-ray detector 106, a data collection device 107, a bed 105, a gantry control device 108, a bed control device 109, An X-ray control device 110.
- the X-ray tube 101 is a device that irradiates a subject placed on a bed 105 with X-rays.
- the collimator 103 includes a mechanism for limiting the X-ray irradiation range irradiated from the X-ray tube 101 and an X-ray compensation filter for adjusting the X-ray dose distribution.
- the rotating disk 102 is provided with an opening 104 through which a subject placed on a bed 105 enters, and an X-ray tube 101, an X-ray detector 106, and a data collection device 107 are mounted to surround the subject. It will rotate.
- the rotating disk 102 functions as a rotating mechanism for rotating the X-ray tube 101, the X-ray detector 106, and the data collection device 107 around the subject.
- the X-ray detector 106 is a device that measures the spatial distribution of transmitted X-rays by detecting X-rays that are disposed opposite to the X-ray tube 101 and transmitted through the subject. There are ones arranged in the rotation direction of the rotating disk 102, two-dimensional arrangement in the rotation direction (channel direction) and the rotation axis direction (slice direction) of the rotating disk 102, and the like.
- the data collection device 107 is a device that collects the X-ray dose detected by the X-ray detector 106 as digital data.
- the gantry control device 108 is a device that controls the rotation of the rotary disk 102.
- the bed control device 109 is a device that controls the vertical and horizontal movements of the bed 105.
- the X-ray control device 110 is a device that controls the power supplied to the X-ray tube 101, and can control the tube voltage and the tube current value supplied to the X-ray tube 101, respectively.
- the console 120 includes an input device 121, an image reconstruction device 122, a display device 125, a storage device 123, and a system control device 124.
- the input device 121 is a device for inputting necessary information such as a subject's name, examination date and time, imaging conditions, and specifically includes a keyboard and a pointing device.
- the image reconstruction device 122 is a device that reconstructs a CT image by processing the measurement data sent from the data collection device 107.
- the display device 125 is a device that displays the CT image reconstructed by the image reconstruction device 122, and is specifically a CRT (Cathode-Ray® Tube), a liquid crystal display, or the like.
- the storage device 123 is a device that stores data collected by the data collection device 107 and image data of a CT image created by the image reconstruction device 122, and is specifically an HDD (Hard Disk Disk Drive) or the like.
- the system control device 124 is a device that controls these devices, the gantry control device 108, the bed control device 109, and the X-ray control device 110.
- the X-ray controller 110 controls the power input to the X-ray tube 101 based on the imaging conditions input from the input device 121, in particular, the X-ray tube voltage and the X-ray tube current value.
- 101 irradiates the subject with X-rays according to imaging conditions.
- the X-ray detector 106 detects X-rays irradiated from the X-ray tube 101 and transmitted through the subject with a number of X-ray detection elements, and measures the distribution of transmitted X-rays.
- the rotating disk 102 is controlled by the gantry control device 108, and rotates based on the photographing conditions input from the input device 121, particularly the rotation speed.
- the couch 105 is controlled by the couch controller 109 and operates based on the photographing conditions input from the input device 121, particularly the helical pitch.
- X-ray irradiation from the X-ray tube 101 and transmission X-ray distribution measurement by the X-ray detector 106 are repeated with the rotation of the rotating disk 102, whereby projection data from various angles is acquired.
- the obtained projection data from various angles is transmitted to the image reconstruction device 122.
- the image reconstruction device 122 reconstructs the CT image by performing back projection processing on the transmitted projection data from various angles.
- the CT image obtained by the reconstruction is displayed on the display device 125.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing functions of the system control device 124 shown in FIG. Each unit illustrated in FIG. 2 is realized as a function of the system control device 124.
- the system controller 124 includes a scanogram imaging control unit 201, a three-dimensional model generation unit 202, a condition setting unit 203, a tube current value calculation unit 204, a tube current value display control unit 205, an imaging control unit 206, An image reconstruction control unit 207 and an image display control unit 208 are included.
- the scanogram imaging control unit 201 controls imaging of a positioning image (hereinafter referred to as a scanogram), and transmits projection data or image data of the scanogram to the 3D model generation unit 202.
- the three-dimensional model generation unit 202 analyzes the scanogram projection data or image data sent from the scanogram imaging control unit 201 to generate a cross-sectional model or a three-dimensional model of the subject, and sends it to the tube current value calculation unit 204. Send cross section or 3D model data.
- the condition setting unit 203 is a setting condition related to photographing input by the operator using the input device 121 as necessary, or a setting condition related to image reconstruction input as necessary (hereinafter, these setting conditions are referred to as parameters. Set). Of the set conditions, parameters related to imaging are transmitted to the tube current value calculation unit 204, and parameters related to image reconstruction are transmitted to the image reconstruction control unit 207.
- the tube current value calculation unit 204 is based on the cross-sectional model or 3D model data transmitted from the 3D model generation unit 202 and the parameters related to imaging and / or image reconstruction transmitted from the condition setting unit 203. In consideration of the effect of the successive approximation process, an appropriate X-ray tube current value is calculated along the body axis direction and the rotation direction, and the calculated tube current value is transmitted to the tube current value display control unit 205.
- the tube current value display control unit 205 displays the tube current value transmitted from the tube current value calculation unit 204 on the display device 125 and transmits it to the imaging control unit 206.
- the imaging control unit 206 performs the body axis direction and the rotation direction via the gantry control device 108, the bed control device 109, and the X-ray control device 110 according to the tube current value calculated by the tube current value calculation unit 204. Shooting while controlling the tube current value.
- the image reconstruction control unit 207 controls the image reconstruction device 122 based on the parameters related to the image reconstruction transmitted from the condition setting unit 203 and the captured projection data to reconstruct the tomographic image of the subject. , And the reconstructed image is stored in the storage device 123 and transmitted to the image display control unit 208.
- the image display control unit 208 displays the reconstructed image on the display device 125.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation related to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a scanogram of the subject is taken.
- the subject three-dimensional model is calculated using the scanogram projection data or image data.
- an optical image of the subject and height / weight measurement may be performed, and in step S302, the subject's three-dimensional model may be calculated using the optical image, height / weight.
- the operator inputs setting conditions related to shooting and setting conditions related to image reconstruction to the display screen of the display device 125 via the input device 121.
- Setting conditions related to shooting include image noise target value or CNR target value, tube current value upper threshold (hereinafter referred to as upper limit tube current value), tube current value lower threshold (hereinafter referred to as lower limit tube current value). ), Tube voltage, X-ray collimation, helical pitch, rotation speed, focus size, X-ray compensation filter shape, presence / absence of X-ray hardening filter, reconstruction function, slice thickness, and the like.
- CNR target value “reference SD” shown in Patent Document 1 may be set.
- Examples of setting conditions related to image reconstruction include a reconstruction function, a field size, and a slice thickness.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of an input screen for inputting parameters to be set in the SD mode and a display screen for displaying calculation results.
- the screen in the CNR mode is the same as in the SD mode. Since the basic technical idea is the same in both the CNR mode and the SD mode, illustration and specific description in the CNR mode are omitted, and the case in the SD mode will be described as a representative.
- 4A is an input example of the screen 300 when the operator inputs setting conditions in step S303 and step S304, and FIG. 4B is calculated based on the setting conditions input by the operator. It is the screen 300 which displays the result.
- the operator uses the screen shown in FIG. 4A to input an image noise target value, an upper limit tube current value, a lower limit tube current value, and a successive approximation processing level described later in the input area 310.
- the image noise target value is 10.0 (HU)
- the upper limit tube current value is 500 (mA)
- the lower limit tube current value is 100 (mA)
- the successive approximation processing level described later is 5 ( L 5 ) and input with a pointing device or keyboard. You may input by selecting from the value listed by pull-down.
- the confirmation display 301 does not have to be displayed and used, but operability is improved by displaying it on the screen and using it as shown in FIG.
- a pointing device can be used as the input device 121.
- the pointing device include a mouse and a touch panel.
- the input device 121 and the display device 125 are illustrated at different positions, but this is an example.
- the input device 121 includes a touch panel
- the touch panel is illustrated in the illustrated input device 121. It is arranged on the display surface of the display device 125, not at the position.
- the input position is set by touching a predetermined position on the display surface corresponding to the display shown in FIG.
- necessary information such as numerical values can be input via the touch panel by handwriting input on the display surface of the display device 125.
- step S304 the operator selectively inputs an arbitrary type or level from a plurality of types or levels related to a predetermined successive approximation process, for example, the successive approximation process.
- a predetermined successive approximation process for example, the successive approximation process.
- the successive approximation processing level represents the strength of successive approximation processing, and the higher the successive approximation processing level, that is, the greater i, the higher the image noise reduction effect.
- the minimum level, Level 1 (L 1 ), has a low image noise reduction effect, and in order to obtain the desired image quality from the viewpoint of image noise, the reduction in the amount of X-ray irradiation from the X-ray tube 101 is suppressed and the successive approximation processing is not applied. It is necessary to suppress an increase in image noise of the image itself, and the exposure reduction effect tends to be low. However, when the image noise reduction effect by the successive approximation process is low, deterioration of the spatial resolution can be suppressed as compared with the image before the successive approximation process is applied, and an image in which the edge of the structure is stored can be obtained.
- the image noise reduction effect by the successive approximation process is high, and accordingly, the X-ray irradiation amount from the X-ray tube 101 can be reduced, and the exposure reduction effect tends to be high.
- the higher the successive approximation processing level the longer the time required for the successive approximation processing.
- the higher the successive approximation processing level the higher the image noise reduction effect, but the spatial resolution of the image tends to decrease and the edges of the object tend to be blurred. Accordingly, it is desirable to select the successive approximation processing level in consideration of the diagnostic purpose and the imaging target.
- step S304 the operator uses the screen of FIG. 4A displayed on the display device 125 to select and input an arbitrary level in the item of the successive approximation processing level in the input area 310.
- the tube current value of the X-ray tube 101 is calculated based on the setting conditions input in steps S303 and S304.
- a plurality of types of successive approximation processing may be used, and the operator may select a type of successive approximation processing suitable for the purpose of diagnosis or imaging target.
- FIG. 5 is a selection screen for selecting the type of the successive approximation process.
- FIG. 5 is a screen displayed when the type change display 303 in FIG. 4 is clicked.
- the tube current value calculation method by the type of successive approximation processing Details of the tube current value calculation method by the type of successive approximation processing will be described later.For example, (1) When the tube current value reduction rate (image noise reduction rate) by the successive approximation processing depends on the tube voltage and the processing level, (2 ) If the tube current value reduction rate (image noise reduction rate) by successive approximation processing depends on the field size and processing level, (3) the tube current value reduction rate (image noise reduction rate) by successive approximation processing is processed as image noise. Depending on the level, etc.
- the types (1) to (3) are displayed on the selection screen 400 in FIG. 5. When the type display is clicked and the confirmation display 301 is clicked, the selection of the type of the successive approximation process is confirmed. The selected type is distinguished from other types by, for example, adding a color or changing a typeface.
- a tube current value calculation method suitable for each type of successive approximation processing is incorporated in the program in advance, and a tube current calculation method corresponding to the selected successive approximation processing type is automatically selected.
- an item for selecting a new successive approximation processing type is provided in the input area 310 in FIG. 4, and the successive approximation processing type can be selected in a pull-down format or the like. You may do it. Details of the calculation method of the tube current value will be described later.
- step S305 The image noise target value set by the operator in step S303 (CNR target value in the case of CNR mode), the upper limit tube current value, the lower limit tube current value, and other setting conditions related to shooting, and the operator set in step S304 Based on the successive approximation processing type and level, the “average image noise predicted value” (“average CNR predicted value” in CNR mode), which is the average value of the predicted image noise in the body axis direction, and the maximum tube current value “Minimum required tube current value” and “Minimum required tube current value”, which are the minimum values, and the average value within the imaging range of tube current values that can be actually irradiated in consideration of effects such as clipping.
- the “average tube current value” is calculated in step S305.
- the average tube current value is used for comparison with the case where imaging is performed with a fixed tube current value, and is useful for determining whether the tube current value is high or low, that is, whether the exposure dose of the subject is increased or decreased.
- the predicted value of CTDI Cosmetic Tomography Dose Index
- the ⁇ tube current value reduction rate '' of the average tube current value relative to the tube current value of the conventional automatic X-ray exposure mechanism The predicted value of the “image reconstruction time” that varies depending on the number of repetitions of the above, the “breath holding time” of the subject that varies depending on the imaging conditions, and the like are also calculated.
- Image reconstruction time is an important factor for estimating the length of examination time required for each subject from entering the room to shooting, confirming image quality, and leaving the room. The operator estimates the examination time and the next subject is estimated. Scheduling and the like can be performed smoothly.
- step S306 will be described.
- the average image noise predicted value, required maximum tube current value, required minimum tube current value, and average tube current value calculated in step S305 are calculated. As shown in FIG. Is displayed. Further, the tube current value reduction ratio, CTDI, image reconstruction time, and breath holding time are displayed in the output area 320 of the screen 300 in step S306.
- the tube current value pattern is displayed on the display device 125.
- the change pattern 3 of the image noise (hereinafter referred to as the predicted image noise value) predicted after applying the successive approximation process
- the change pattern 4 of the predicted CNR (hereinafter, CNR predicted value) is displayed side by side.
- the image noise target value set as shown in Fig. 6 (B) and the image noise predicted value pattern 3 are displayed.
- the CNR target value and CNR prediction are displayed as shown in Fig. 6 (C). Displays value pattern 4.
- a scale of tube current value (mA) is displayed, for example, upper limit tube current value 500 (mA), lower limit tube current value 100 (mA), respectively. Represented by a dotted line.
- the lower side of FIGS. 6B and 6C displays the image noise value and the scale of the CNR value, respectively.
- the image noise target value for example, 10HU
- the CNR target value is displayed with a dotted line.
- the display device 125 may be arranged side by side, or may display only the tube current value pattern 2.
- a change pattern of a value obtained by dividing the predicted image noise value by the target image noise value or a change pattern of an error of the predicted image noise value with respect to the target image noise value may be displayed.
- the CNR predicted value pattern 4 a change pattern of a value obtained by dividing the CNR predicted value by the CNR target value or a change pattern of an error of the CNR predicted value with respect to the CNR target value may be displayed.
- the tube current value is correlated with each part of the subject. There is an effect that it is easy to confirm whether I is appropriate (for example, the presence or absence of clipping described later).
- FIG. 7 is a tube current value graph in the body axis direction for explaining clipping.
- one of the graph axes is the body axis of the subject, and the other is the calculation result of the tube current value of the X-ray tube 101.
- Tube current value pattern 5 is an example when clipping occurs due to the upper limit tube current value
- tube current value pattern 6 is an example when clipping is not occurring
- tube current value pattern 7 is when clipping occurs due to the lower limit tube current value It is an example.
- the graphs shown in the tube current value patterns 5, 6, and 7 are examples of the tube current value pattern 2 shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, respectively.
- clipping (71, 72) is likely to occur due to the upper limit tube current value. If clipping (71, 72) due to the upper limit tube current value occurs, it can only be irradiated with a tube current value lower than the required tube current value, and as a result, the image noise becomes higher than the image noise target value, or The CNR becomes lower than the CNR target value, and the image noise target value or the CNR target value cannot be achieved.
- the operator can determine whether or not clipping has occurred. It can be visually confirmed at a glance, and it can be easily determined whether the setting condition needs to be reviewed.
- a numerical table (FIG. 4) describing the numerical information described above may be displayed on the display device 125.
- the numerical table in Fig. 4 (B) if the required maximum tube current value is higher than the upper limit tube current value, or if the required minimum tube current value is lower than the lower limit tube current value, it is indicated that clipping has occurred. Can also be grasped. From the above, the operator can grasp the set condition quantitatively and can use it for judgment of the set condition.
- step S307 From the information displayed on the display device 125, the operator determines whether the balance between the tube current value, the predicted image noise value or CNR predicted value, and the target image noise value or CNR target value is appropriate, for example, the tube current value.
- step S307 it is determined whether or not to allow clipping if it has occurred. If it is determined not to be allowed (NG), the process proceeds to step S308. If it is determined to be allowed (OK), the process proceeds to step S309. If it is determined to be permitted (OK), the confirmation display 301 in FIG. 4 is clicked to confirm the input. It means that the successive approximation processing level selected at the present time is set, that is, is confirmed. This determined successive approximation processing level is used for the arithmetic processing in step S310 described later.
- step S308 will be described.
- the operator returns to step S303 or step S304 so that the balance between the tube current value, the predicted image noise value or CNR predicted value, and the target image noise value or CNR target value is appropriate, changes the set numerical value, and Set. If it is desired to change the successive approximation processing conditions (YES), the process returns to S304, and if other setting conditions are desired to be changed (NO), the process returns to S303. For example, if clipping occurs due to the upper tube current value, a higher level successive approximation process is selected or a higher image noise target value or a lower CNR target value is set to reduce the required tube current. You can do it. If the upper limit tube current value can be set higher, it may be set higher.
- the resetting of the numerical value in step S303 or step S304 can be changed by, for example, placing the cursor on the numerical value to be changed in the input area 310 displayed in FIG. 4 (B), deleting it with the Delete key, etc., and re-entering the numerical value. .
- step S309 imaging with the X-ray tube current value I is performed in the body axis direction and the rotation direction according to the tube current value I calculated in step S305.
- step S310 image reconstruction processing is performed according to the setting conditions related to image reconstruction set in step S303 and the successive approximation processing conditions set in step S304.
- the image reconstruction methods mainly include a reconstruction method called a reconstruction method applying successive approximation (hereinafter referred to as a successive approximation application method) and a successive approximation reconstruction method.
- a successive approximation application method a reconstruction method applying successive approximation
- an image noise reduction effect can be obtained by performing iterative processing in the process of image reconstruction.
- the successive approximation application method can be classified into three types: a successive approximation application method that performs iterative processing in the projection space, a successive approximation application method that performs iterative processing in the image space, and a successive approximation application method that performs iterative processing in the projection space and the image space.
- image data is obtained by repeatedly performing smoothing processing of the projection data in the projection space and backprojecting the noise-reduced projection data.
- image noise is reduced by repeatedly performing smoothing processing in the image space on the image data obtained by back projecting the projection data.
- the successive approximation application method that performs iterative processing in the projection space and the image space performs a smoothing process on both the projection space and the image space to reduce noise.
- the successive approximation reconstruction method performs forward projection from image data to projection data and projection data to image data after initial image creation. Back projection is performed iteratively to reduce image noise. Since the successive approximation reconstruction method repeats forward projection and backprojection, it requires more processing time than the successive approximation application method, but a highly accurate image noise reduction effect can be obtained.
- the type of the successive approximation process set in step S304 is associated with any one of the successive approximation application method or the successive approximation reconstruction method. That is, image reconstruction is performed using any one of the successive approximation application method or the successive approximation reconstruction method according to the type of successive approximation processing set in step S304.
- the image noise reduction effect of the successive approximation process is used to reduce the exposure compared to the conventional automatic X-ray exposure mechanism, and the image noise or CNR as desired by the operator. Images can be provided.
- step S305 The detailed operation of step S305 will be described.
- the image noise reduction ratio when the successive approximation process is applied may vary depending on various setting conditions.
- the image noise reduction rate P when the successive approximation process is applied to various setting conditions is measured in advance by phantom imaging.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the image noise reduction rate P and the tube current value reduction rate R when the successive approximation process is applied.
- the following relational expression is generally established between the tube current value I and the image noise N.
- the tube current Ix is required to achieve the image noise Nx
- the tube current Iy (the tube current value higher than Ix) is required to achieve the image noise Ny.
- the image noise Ny can be achieved not by the tube current value Iy but by photographing at a tube current value Ix lower than that. That is, by applying the successive approximation process, it is possible to take a picture with a tube current value lower than that in the past in order to achieve image noise equivalent to that in the past.
- the reduction of the tube current value (Iy ⁇ Ix) is indicated by an arrow 92 shown in FIG. Therefore, the tube current value reduction ratio R can be calculated as (Equation 3).
- This tube current value reduction ratio R can be written as follows using the image noise reduction ratio P from (Equation 1), (Equation 2), and (Equation 3).
- Equation 4 is the tube current value reduction ratio R for obtaining the same image noise value as the conventional one, but it is also established as the tube current value reduction ratio R for obtaining the same CNR as the conventional one.
- the CNR assumed here is a value obtained by dividing an average CT value difference (hereinafter referred to as contrast) between an identification object and its surrounding tissue by a value of image noise. Since the contrast does not change before and after the application of the successive approximation process, if the image noise can achieve the same value as before, CNR can also be achieved.
- Various parameters that contribute to the image noise reduction rate include, for example, tube voltage, X-ray collimation, helical pitch, rotation speed, focus size, X-ray compensation filter shape, presence of X-ray hardening filter, reconstruction function, slice thickness, Field size, subject size, subject position, subject projection data value, subject projection data integrated value, and the like.
- Tube voltage, X-ray collimation, helical pitch, rotation speed, focus size, X-ray compensation filter shape, presence of X-ray hardening filter, reconstruction function, slice thickness can be any of a relatively small number of options (e.g. tube The voltage is 80 kV, 100 kV, 120 kV, or 140 kV), while the visual field size, subject size, subject position, subject projection data value, subject projection data
- the integrated value takes a number of continuous values (for example, one of 30 to 500 mm in the field of view size).
- An example of a method for calculating an appropriate tube current value for the tube voltage in type 1 as the representative of the former and in a type 2 as the representative of the latter will be described.
- An example of an appropriate tube current value calculation method when the image noise reduction ratio depends on the image noise itself will be described as type 3.
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is calculated according to (Equation 4).
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is calculated in advance as an n-order function of a value L obtained by quantifying the successive approximation processing level (FIG. 9).
- L is not necessarily limited to an integer.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the detailed operation of step S305 under such conditions.
- step S403 the X-ray tube current for each body axis direction (slice position: z) and rotation direction (X-ray tube phase angle: ⁇ ) when the successive approximation processing is not considered, as in the conventional automatic X-ray exposure mechanism.
- the value I 0 (z, ⁇ ) is calculated.
- step S404 using the tube current value I 0 (z, ⁇ ) and the tube current value reduction rate R (kV, L) calculated by (Equation 5), according to (Equation 6), the body axis direction and the rotation direction Each time, the X-ray tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) is calculated in consideration of the successive approximation process.
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is calculated as an n-th order polynomial, but the function is not limited to a polynomial.
- the tube current value reduction ratio is held as a “function of successive approximation processing level” for each tube voltage, it may be held as a “function of tube voltage” for each successive approximation processing level.
- the processing level and the tube voltage may be held in a “table” as a matrix.
- an appropriate tube current value can be calculated when the successive approximation process is applied.
- the image noise reduction rate is measured with respect to a representative visual field size, and the tube current value reduction rate R is calculated according to (Equation 4).
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is calculated in advance as an n-order function of the visual field size f.
- FIG. 12 shows the detailed operation of step S305 under such conditions.
- step S502 the tube current value reduction ratio R (f, L) is calculated as in (Equation 7) according to the visual field size f set in step S303 by the operator.
- R (f, L) 0 when the successive approximation process is not applied.
- Step S403 is substantially the same as step S403 in FIG.
- step S504 using the tube current value I 0 (z, ⁇ ) and the tube current value reduction ratio R (f, L) calculated by (Equation 7), according to (Equation 8), the body axis direction and the rotation direction Each time, the X-ray tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) is calculated in consideration of the successive approximation process.
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is desirably held in the system as a function of the image noise Ny after the successive approximation process is applied, not the image noise Nx before the successive approximation process is applied.
- the image noise Nx is reduced to the image noise Ny by applying the successive approximation process, it can be understood that “the tube current value can be reduced by R in order to obtain an image of the image noise Ny”.
- the image noise Ny is an image noise to be achieved after applying the successive approximation process, and corresponds to the image noise target value in the SD mode and “reference SD” shown in Patent Document 1 in the CNR mode.
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is the image noise Ny after applying the successive approximation process. If it is held as a function of, an appropriate tube current value when the successive approximation process is used can be easily calculated.
- the tube current value reduction ratio R is calculated in advance as an n-order function of the image noise t after the successive approximation process is applied (FIG. 13).
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the detailed operation of step S305 under such conditions.
- step S602 the tube current value reduction ratio R (t, L) is calculated as in (Equation 9) according to the image noise target value or reference SD set by the operator in step S303.
- R (t, L) 0 when the successive approximation process is not applied.
- step S403 is substantially the same as that in step S403 in FIG.
- step S604 using the tube current value I 0 (z, ⁇ ) and the tube current value reduction ratio R (t, L) calculated by (Equation 9), according to (Equation 10), the body axis direction and the rotation direction Each time, the X-ray tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) is calculated in consideration of the successive approximation process.
- the image noise target value or reference set when using the X-ray automatic exposure mechanism It is possible to easily calculate an appropriate tube current value using the SD value. As described above, when the image noise reduction effect by the successive approximation process depends on the image noise, an appropriate tube current value can be calculated when the successive approximation process is applied.
- an appropriate tube current value is obtained by using the image noise reduction ratio by applying the successive approximation process. It may be calculated.
- a method for calculating an appropriate tube current value using the image noise reduction ratio in Type 1 will be described.
- the image noise reduction ratio P is measured with respect to the successive approximation processing level for each tube voltage.
- the image noise reduction ratio P is calculated in advance as an n-order function of a value L obtained by quantifying the successive approximation processing level (FIG. 15).
- FIG. 16 shows the detailed operation of step S305 under such conditions.
- step S703 similarly to the conventional X-ray automatic exposure mechanism, a predicted image noise value S 0 (z) in the body axis direction at the reference tube current value I ref when the successive approximation process is not considered is calculated.
- step S704 the predicted image noise value S (z) in the body axis direction that is predicted when the successive approximation process is applied to the reference tube current value I ref is calculated according to the following equation.
- step S705 according to the image noise target value or reference SD t set by the operator in step S303, the X-ray tube current value I () considering successive approximation processing for each body axis direction and rotation direction according to the following equation: z, ⁇ ) is calculated.
- Equation 13 is an equation shown in (Equation 5) of Patent Document 2, which is often used when obtaining the X-ray tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) from the predicted image noise value S (z). It is.
- the method of obtaining the X-ray tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) is not limited to the above method.
- the tube current value After calculating the image noise reduction rate P (kV, L) by (Equation 11), the tube current value by (Equation 4).
- the reduction ratio R may be calculated, and the X-ray tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) may be obtained from (Equation 6).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an operation related to the second embodiment of the present invention. Steps denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 are substantially the same operations. A difference from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is that a recommended condition is presented to the operator in step S311.
- a recommended condition is presented to the operator in step S311.
- conditions relating to the setting of the successive approximation processing level and the setting of the image noise target value will be described as recommended conditions for the SD mode.
- the recommended conditions can be set similarly.
- step S311 will be described in detail. The other steps are the same as those in FIG.
- step S307 in FIG. 17 whether or not the current value of the X-ray tube 101 displayed in the previous step S306 is an allowable value is determined from an input instruction or the like. For example, when the predicted image noise pattern exceeds the target image noise value, the upper limit tube current value may be set higher or a higher target image noise value may be set in order to ensure a certain amount of dose. As shown in step S311 of the second embodiment, the recommended conditions may be displayed. By presenting the recommended conditions in this way, the operator can set a desired successive approximation processing level more easily and appropriately.
- FIG. 18 is a display example of a numerical comparison table 500 presented by comparing the conditions set by the operator with the recommended conditions.
- the numerical comparison table shows the successive approximation processing level, image noise target value (CNR target value in CNR mode), average image noise predicted value (average CNR predicted value in CNR mode), upper limit tube current value, lower limit tube current Information such as value, required maximum tube current value, required minimum tube current value, average tube current value, and image reconstruction time are compared and displayed.
- image noise target value CNR target value in CNR mode
- average image noise predicted value average CNR predicted value in CNR mode
- upper limit tube current value lower limit tube current Information
- * In the numerical comparison table 500 indicates parameters set by the operator.
- the “Recommended” display (not shown) is displayed together with the “Confirm” display 301 and the “Change type” display 303 on the screen of FIG. 4 (A), and the display is clicked. Then, the numerical comparison table 500 may be displayed, or the numerical comparison table 500 may be displayed by default in FIG. 4 (A).
- the operator may enter a numerical value while looking at the numerical comparison table 500, or display a display such as ⁇ (1) Recommended condition input '' or ⁇ (2) Recommended condition input '' ( If the display is clicked, the recommended condition values may be automatically entered.
- (2) Recommended conditions and (3) Recommended conditions in Fig. 18 are conditions to avoid clipping when clipping occurs due to the upper limit tube current value in (1) setting conditions.
- the recommended condition is (1) The same image noise target value 10.0HU as the setting condition (CNR target value in the case of CNR mode). This mode reduces the tube current value by utilizing the image noise reduction effect.
- the required maximum tube current value decreases from the setting condition (1) of 670 (mA) to 480 (mA), decreasing by about 30%.
- the necessary minimum tube current value also decreases from 350 (mA), which is the setting condition of (1), to 250 (mA), and is reduced by about 30%.
- the use of a high-level successive approximation process may increase the number of iterations and increase the image reconstruction time.
- the image reconstruction time is 30 (s) under (1) setting conditions, but is as long as 50 (s) under (2) setting conditions.
- the recommended condition of (3) is a mode that lowers the tube current value by using the same successive approximation processing level as the setting condition (1) and setting a slightly higher image noise target value (or a slightly lower CNR target value). .
- the image noise target value is set to 10.0 HU in the setting condition of (1), but is set to a slightly higher target value of 11.8 HU in the recommended condition of (3).
- the successive approximation processing level remains the same level 3 as the setting condition of (1) and is not changed, so the image reconstruction time is 30 (s), which is the same as the setting condition of (1).
- the tube current value pattern and the predicted image noise pattern are compared with the setting conditions of (1), as shown in FIGS. Use to state.
- a tube current value pattern and an image noise prediction value pattern when (2) recommended conditions in FIG. 18 are selected will be described with reference to FIG.
- the image noise reduction effect of the higher level successive approximation processing can be used.
- an image noise target value such as the predicted image noise value pattern 14 in FIG. 19B can be achieved with a low dose like the tube current value pattern 12 in FIG. 19A.
- an example is typically displayed in the recommended conditions, when there are a plurality of corresponding successive approximation processing levels, a plurality of them may be displayed.
- FIG. 20 (A) shows a tube current value pattern 11 of (1) setting conditions of FIG. 18, and FIG. 20 (B) is an image of (1) setting conditions. A predicted noise value pattern 13 is shown.
- the recommended condition in Fig. 18 provides an image noise target value (CNR target value in CNR mode) that can avoid clipping without changing the successive approximation processing level.
- CNR target value in CNR mode
- the required tube current value is as shown in the tube current value pattern 22 as shown in Fig. 20 (A). It can be kept low.
- the image noise becomes the image noise predicted value pattern 24, and the result satisfying the image noise target value set slightly higher is obtained. . Since constant image noise is obtained in the body axis direction, an image with better image noise uniformity than the image noise predicted value pattern 13 can be obtained.
- the image noise target value that was set in Fig. 18 (1)
- the numerical comparison table of FIG. 18 displays the recommended level to be used during post-recon and the image noise predicted at that time.
- clipping may be avoided by resetting the helical pitch slower and the rotational speed slower. There is a high possibility that the disadvantage of longer time will occur. As described above, if clipping can be avoided only by setting the successive approximation processing level, the image noise target value, or the CNR target value, a high-quality image can be obtained without increasing the burden on the subject.
- the operator can use it to reset the setting conditions. Even under shooting conditions in which clipping has occurred in the past, shooting that avoids clipping can be performed by using the image noise reduction effect of the successive approximation process.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing operations related to Example 3 of the present invention. Steps denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 perform substantially the same operations.
- the difference from the first and second embodiments is that, in the first and second embodiments, an arbitrary successive approximation processing level is selected in step S304, but in this embodiment, the successive approximation processing level that can be selected in step S314 is limited. It is a point.
- the recommended condition is displayed to avoid clipping of the tube current, which is displayed after the tube current value of the X-ray tube is calculated. Displayed when selecting the successive approximation processing level before the tube current value is calculated.
- limit level a limit value for the successive approximation processing level that can be selected according to the inspection purpose.
- FIG. 22 is a table 600 showing restriction levels for each part, tube voltage, and weight.
- the table 600 may be prepared for each successive approximation processing type. As described above, at the minimum level 1, priority is given to less edge blur and an image maintaining high spatial resolution can be obtained, but the effect of reducing exposure is reduced. On the other hand, priority is given to exposure reduction at the maximum level, and photography with low exposure is possible, but the spatial resolution of the image tends to be low.
- the restriction level table 600 of FIG. 22 for example, if the operator decides to prioritize the reduction of exposure when photographing subjects with a lung field and weight of less than 40 kg, increase the restriction level to 7 or higher. By setting it, you can shoot at any level below level 7.
- the operator decides to prioritize maintenance of image quality over exposure reduction and avoid edge blurring and low visibility due to low-dose imaging. In such a case, by setting the restriction level as low as 3 or the like, low-dose imaging at level 4 or higher can be deleted from the options in advance.
- the restriction level is not limited to the part, tube voltage, and weight, but may be set using an index such as age, BMI, or minimum identification diameter necessary for diagnosis. If the device has a weight measurement mechanism built in a bed or the like, the measured value can be read and used for each case, and if there is a function that can register the subject's weight during CT examination, that function can be used. Use it to input weight and use it in different cases. The cases may be classified according to the size of the subject three-dimensional model calculated in S302 instead of the weight.
- step S314 will be specifically described. The other steps are substantially the same as the same steps shown in FIG.
- an arbitrary successive approximation processing level can be selected from only successive approximation processing levels that are below the limit level.
- the successive approximation processing level below the limit level is provided to the operator in a pull-down format according to the conditions set in advance in the table 600, and the operator performs the successive approximation processing from among them. Allow you to select a level.
- a warning message is issued to alert the user and the limit level is exceeded. Disables the setting of the successive approximation processing level.
- a restriction level is provided according to the inspection purpose. Therefore, by setting the restriction level in advance, the edge blur of the image is prevented and excessive low-dose imaging is performed. It is possible to perform shooting that is avoided.
- the restriction level it is possible to appropriately set the imaging conditions suitable for the condition of the subject, particularly the tube current value, and to obtain an image with a desired image quality according to the condition of the subject relatively easily. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing operations related to Example 4 of the present invention.
- the same steps as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same step numbers.
- the difference from the first to third embodiments is that the successive approximation processing level recommended in step S320 (hereinafter, recommended level) is presented to the operator and automatically set as the successive approximation processing level by default.
- the operator may set manually by looking at the recommended level presented.
- the restriction level is presented in advance for each part, tube voltage, and weight in the table 600 of FIG. 22, and the operator needs to select a level that is equal to or lower than the restriction level.
- the recommended level displayed in the table 700 of FIG. 24 is automatically (or manually) set, so that the operation burden on the operator can be further reduced.
- the table 700 may be prepared for each successive approximation processing type.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a setting screen for setting a recommended level in advance for each part, tube voltage, and weight.
- the recommended level is set to 5 when imaging a subject whose region is lung field and whose weight is less than 40 kg.
- the restriction level shown in FIG. 22 is 7, and the recommended level is set to 5, which is lower than 7.
- the recommended level is set to 2 when imaging a subject whose region is the abdomen, the tube voltage is 120 kV or more, and the weight is 80 kg or more.
- the restriction level shown in FIG. 22 is 3, and in this case, the recommended level is set to 2, which is lower than 3.
- the recommended level may be set lower than the limit level.
- the recommended level is not limited to the part, tube voltage, and weight, but may be set using an index such as age, BMI, or minimum identification diameter necessary for diagnosis. If the device has a weight measurement mechanism built in a bed or the like, the measured value can be read and used for each case, and if there is a function that can register the subject's weight during CT examination, that function can be used. Use it to input weight and use it in different cases.
- the cases may be classified according to the size of the subject three-dimensional model calculated in S302 instead of the weight.
- the cases may be classified according to the size of the subject three-dimensional model calculated in S302 instead of the weight.
- the setting of the recommended level of S320 is described below. The other steps are the same as those in FIG.
- the recommended level is provided to the operator so that the level can be selected with reference to the recommended level. Specifically, it is incorporated in the input area 310 of FIG. 4 so that the recommended level is automatically set according to the conditions set in advance in Table 700. Alternatively, when setting the level, when the “Recommended” display 301 and the “Change type” display 303 are displayed together with the “Recommended level” display on the screen of FIG.
- the recommended level table 700 may be displayed together with FIG. 4A by default, and the operator may manually enter the level value while looking at the table 700 according to the inspection purpose. .
- step S308 If it is determined in step S308 that it is necessary to change the successive approximation processing level, an arbitrary successive approximation processing level can be selected in step S304 as shown in the first embodiment.
- the limit level table 600 shown in FIG. 22 may be displayed, or the recommended level table 700 shown in FIG. 24 is displayed again. Also good.
- Example 2 shows a method of avoiding clipping by changing the successive approximation processing level or changing the image noise target value or CNR target value when clipping occurs due to the upper limit tube current value.
- the method of Example 2 can also perform an excessively low dose imaging. As described in Example 3, excessively low-dose imaging tends to cause edge blurring of the object, and may not be recommended. From this background, rather than excessively low-dose imaging using high-level successive approximation processing, imaging is performed while maintaining a certain dose (tube current value) using weak-medium-level sequential approximation processing during imaging. It may be desirable to implement However, in this case, clipping due to the upper limit tube current value still occurs, and there is a high possibility that the image noise target value or the CNR target value cannot be achieved.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing operations related to Example 5 of the present invention. Steps denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
- steps S303 and S304 the operator selects shooting / reconstruction conditions and successive approximation processing levels.
- the setting screen the same screen as that shown in FIG. 4A can be used. Basically, image reconstruction is performed based on the selected successive approximation processing level.
- an optimum reconstruction successive approximation processing level for each slice is further set in step S335. This is a point that is calculated and applied to the image reconstruction in step S340.
- the optimum sequential reconstruction processing level for reconstruction was set for each diagnosis purpose of the subject and applied to image reconstruction. For example, a long period from the lung field to the abdomen by one imaging When performing imaging within the imaging range, there is a problem that the setting condition must be narrowed down to one of the lung field and the abdomen, so that the optimal condition may not be achieved for either part.
- an optimal reconstruction successive approximation processing level for realizing the image noise target value or the CNR target value is calculated for each slice. Unlike the first to fourth embodiments, since image reconstruction is performed at the optimum successive approximation processing level for each slice, it takes a little longer than the image reconstruction of the first to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 26 is a tube current value graph (A) and an image noise predicted value graph (B) for explaining the processing in step S335.
- FIG. 26 (A) a case will be described in which imaging is performed with a tube current value pattern 30 in which clipping has occurred due to the upper limit tube current value.
- the image noise before applying the successive approximation processing shown in FIG. 26 (B) was a slice in which the tube current value is insufficient as shown in the image noise predicted value pattern 31, that is, clipping of the tube current value occurred. It becomes large in the slice of the part (251, 252), and does not become a constant value.
- step S304 If the successive approximation processing level selected in step S304 is applied to all the slices as they are, the image noise becomes larger than the image noise target value in the slices (251, 252) where the tube current value is insufficient. Therefore, in step S335, an optimum successive approximation processing level is calculated for realizing the image noise target value for the slices (251, 252) in which the tube current value is insufficient.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the detailed operation of step S335. The detailed operation of FIG. 27 will be described below.
- Step S801 will be described.
- the average tube current value I (z) necessary for each slice of the reconstructed image in consideration of the successive approximation processing level selected in step S304 is calculated according to the following equation.
- the tube current value I (z, ⁇ ) for each slice and phase angle is the theoretical calculation value calculated in (Equation 6) or (Equation 13), and the tube current level is not considered in consideration of clipping.
- the current value is the theoretical calculation value calculated in (Equation 6) or (Equation 13).
- step S802 the upper limit tube current value set by the operator in step S303 is set to I U, and comparison with the average tube current value I (z) is performed. For slices where I (z)> I U, that is, the necessary tube current value exceeds the upper limit tube current value (for example, slices 251 and 252 in FIG. 26A), the process proceeds to step S803, and I (z) ⁇ I U That is, for a slice that can be imaged with a necessary tube current value, the process proceeds to step S807.
- step S803 for a slice that cannot be imaged with a necessary tube current value, an average tube current value I 0 (z) for each slice when the successive approximation process is not considered is calculated according to the following equation.
- step S804 when shooting is performed with the tube current value I (z) set to the upper limit tube current value I U in the portions 251 and 252 where clipping occurs, the tube current value I that does not consider the successive approximation process.
- the tube current value reduction ratio R (z) with respect to 0 (z) is calculated according to the following equation.
- step S805 it is necessary to compensate for the tube current value reduction rate R (z) by applying a higher level successive approximation process in image reconstruction.
- the image noise reduction rate P (z) of the successive approximation process necessary to supplement the tube current value reduction rate R (z) is calculated according to the following equation.
- a successive approximation processing level L (z) that can satisfy the image noise reduction rate P (z) is calculated.
- the optimum successive approximation processing level indicating the image noise reduction ratio P (z) may be calculated without being limited to a predetermined stage. If P (z) indicates a value that exceeds the maximum image noise reduction rate of the successive approximation processing level, the highest successive approximation processing level can be assigned as the level that indicates the image noise reduction rate closest to P (z). It ’s fine.
- step S807 it is not necessary to calculate the optimum successive approximation processing level for each slice for slices that can be imaged with a necessary tube current value, and the successive approximation processing level selected in step S304 is applied.
- the optimum reconstruction processing level L (z) for reconstruction is calculated for each slice in step S335.
- the operator confirms whether the predicted image noise pattern (for example, predicted image noise pattern 32 in FIG. 26B) displayed in step S306 satisfies the target image noise value, and the setting conditions are appropriate in step S307. Determine whether or not.
- step S340 image reconstruction is performed at the optimum successive approximation processing level L (z) for each slice set in step S335 and the setting conditions related to the image reconstruction set in step S335. If image reconstruction using L (z) is performed, an image noise target value can be realized as in the image noise predicted value pattern 32 after applying the successive approximation process in FIG. 26 (B).
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing operations related to Example 6 of the present invention.
- the same steps as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same step numbers.
- the difference from the first to fifth embodiments is that the operator sets the lower limit tube current value set by the operator to the tube current value I in step S344 without setting the successive approximation processing level, and in step S345 for each slice.
- the optimal reconstruction successive approximation processing level is calculated so as to realize the image noise target value or the CNR target value, and is applied to the image reconstruction in step S350.
- the tube current value is set to the lower limit tube current value, imaging at a low dose is possible, and it can be used for, for example, a health examination for examining a healthy subject.
- step S303 the operator inputs shooting / reconstruction conditions on the setting screen of FIG.
- the successive approximation processing level column may be omitted from the input area 310.
- FIG. 29 is a tube current value graph (A) and an image noise predicted value graph (B) for explaining the processing in steps S344 and S345.
- a case will be described in which imaging is performed with a tube current value pattern 40 based on the lower limit tube current value of FIG. 29 (A).
- step S344 the operator substitutes the lower tube current value I L that is set at step S303 to the tube current value I. To avoid excessive low-dose imaging, the lower limit tube current value should be adjusted.
- step S345 when photographing is performed with the fixed tube current value of (Equation 18), the image noise before the successive approximation processing is applied in the slice where the tube current value is insufficient as shown in the image noise predicted value pattern 42. It becomes large and does not become a constant value. Therefore, in order to apply a different successive approximation processing level for each slice according to the insufficient tube current value, an optimum reconstruction successive approximation processing level L (z) is calculated.
- FIG. 30 shows the detailed operation of step S345.
- the same reference numerals as in FIG. 27 perform substantially the same operation.
- step S904 when shooting is performed with the lower limit tube current value I L, the tube current value is reduced with respect to the tube current value I 0 (z) (the tube current value pattern 41 in FIG. 29A) without considering the successive approximation process.
- the ratio R (z) is calculated according to the following formula.
- the optimal reconstruction successive approximation processing level L (z) is calculated for each slice in step S345.
- the operator confirms whether the predicted image noise pattern (for example, the predicted image noise pattern 43 in FIG. 29B) displayed in step S306 satisfies the target image noise value, and the setting conditions are appropriate in step S307. Determine whether or not. For example, when the image noise predicted value pattern exceeds the image noise target value, the lower limit tube current value may be set higher or a higher image noise target value may be set in order to secure a certain amount of dose. At this time, the recommended conditions may be displayed as in the second embodiment.
- step S350 image reconstruction is performed at the optimum successive approximation processing level L (z) for each slice set in step S345 and the setting conditions related to the image reconstruction set in step S303. If image reconstruction using L (z) is performed, an image noise target value can be realized as in the image noise predicted value pattern 43 after applying the successive approximation process in FIG. 29 (B).
- the image noise target value or the CNR target value can be realized while reducing the exposure as much as possible. Since the operator can set the lower limit tube current value while confirming the image noise predicted value pattern, there is no fear of excessively reducing the dose. Further, since the level of the successive approximation process is optimally controlled for each slice position, it is possible to save the operator from selecting the successive approximation process level.
- an image noise or CNR image desired by the operator can be realized. Further, the exposure of the subject can be reduced more than the conventional X-ray automatic exposure mechanism by using the image noise reduction effect of the successive approximation process.
- the level can be set by referring to the recommended conditions and the restriction levels in FIG. 18, FIG. 22, FIG. 24, etc. (or It is easy to use and has excellent operability.
- X-ray CT device 71-74 tube current value clipping, 90 tube current value curve representing image noise, 92 tube current value reduction, 94 image noise reduction, 100 scan gantry, 101 X-ray Tube, 102 rotating disk, 103 collimator, 104 opening, 105 bed, 106 X-ray detector, 107 data collection device, 108 gantry control device, 109 bed control device, 110 X-ray control device, 120 console, 121 input device , 122 image reconstruction device, 123 storage device, 124 system control device, 125 display device, 181, 182 portions where clipping of the tube current value occurs, 201 scanogram imaging control unit, 202 3D model generation unit, 203 condition setting , 204 Tube current value calculation unit, 205 Tube current value display control unit, 206 Shooting control unit, 207 Image reconstruction control unit, 208 Image display control unit, 251, 252 Clipping of tube current value And that portion, 300 display screen 301 determined display, 303 type change display, 310 input area, 320 output area, 400 selection screen
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Abstract
Description
この観点において、例えば特許文献1の場合においても、さらに改善されることが望ましい。
画像表示制御部208は、再構成された画像を表示装置125に表示する。
まず逐次近似処理による画像ノイズ低減効果が管電圧に依存する場合を述べる。管電圧ごとに逐次近似処理レベルに対して画像ノイズ低減割合を計測し、(数4)に従い管電流値低減割合Rを算出する。例えば、管電流値低減割合Rを逐次近似処理レベルを数値化した値Lのn次関数として予め算出しておく(図9)。ここでLは必ずしも整数に限定されない。記憶装置123には管電圧(kV)ごとにn次関数のn次の係数ai,kV(i=0,1,2,・・・,n)を予め記憶しておく。図10はこのような条件下におけるステップS305の詳細な動作について示したフローチャートである。
次に逐次近似処理による画像ノイズ低減効果が視野サイズに依存する場合を述べる。逐次近似処理レベルごとに代表的な視野サイズに対して画像ノイズ低減割合を計測し、(数4)に従い管電流値低減割合Rを算出する。例えば、図11に示すように、管電流値低減割合Rを視野サイズfのn次関数として予め算出しておく。記憶装置123には逐次近似処理レベル(L)ごとにn次関数のn次の係数bi,L(i=0,1,2,・・・,n)を予め記憶しておく。図12はこのような条件下におけるステップS305の詳細な動作について示した図である。
次に逐次近似処理による画像ノイズ低減効果が画像ノイズそのものに依存する場合を述べる。逐次近似処理レベルごとに代表的な画像ノイズに対して画像ノイズ低減割合を計測し、(数4)に従い管電流値低減割合Rを算出する。
管電圧ごとに逐次近似処理レベルに対して画像ノイズ低減割合Pを計測する。画像ノイズ低減割合Pを逐次近似処理レベルを数値化した値Lのn次関数として予め算出しておく(図15)。記憶装置123には管電圧(kV)ごとにn次関数のn次の係数di,kV(i=0,1,2,・・・,n)を予め記憶しておく。図16はこのような条件下におけるステップS305の詳細な動作について示した図である。
以上のようにステップS345においてスライスごとに最適な再構成用逐次近似処理レベルL(z)を算出する。操作者はステップS306で表示される画像ノイズ予測値パターン(例えば図29(B)の画像ノイズ予測値パターン43)が画像ノイズ目標値を満たすかどうかを確認しながら、ステップS307において設定条件が適正かどうかを判断する。例えば画像ノイズ予測値パターンが画像ノイズ目標値を超える場合は、ある程度の線量を確保するために下限管電流値を高めに設定したり、より高い画像ノイズ目標値を設定したりすれば良い。この時、実施例2のように推奨条件を表示しても良い。
Claims (18)
- X線管を備え、被検者にX線を照射するX線源と、
前記X線源から照射され前記被検者を透過した透過X線を検出するX線検出器と、
前記X線源と前記X線検出器を搭載し前記被検者の周囲を回転する回転機構と、
複数の逐次近似処理条件の内選択された逐次近似処理条件および入力された撮影条件および、または再構成条件に基づき前記X線管の管電流値を演算し、また前記演算されたX線管の管電流値により撮影を行う、システム制御装置と、
前記演算されたX線管の管電流値に基づいて前記X線源から前記被検者に照射され、前記被検者を透過して前記X線検出器により検出された透過X線量から、前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および前記再構成条件に基づき、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する画像再構成装置と、を備えることを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記システム制御装置は、前記被検者の断面モデルまたは3次元モデルを生成し、前記管電流値を演算するときに前記断面モデルまたは3次元モデルをさらに用いることを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記システム制御装置は、前記複数の逐次近似処理条件の内前記選択された逐次近似処理条件に基づき前記X線管の管電流値を演算して演算結果を表示部に表示し、前記選択された逐次近似処理条件とは異なる逐次近似処理条件が新たに選択されると、前記新たに選択された逐次近似処理条件により新たに前記X線管の管電流値を演算して前記表示部に表示し、前記逐次近似処理条件が確定すると、確定した前記逐次近似処理条件により前記演算されたX線管の管電流値により撮影を行い、
画像再構成装置は、前記撮影により前記X線検出器によって検出された透過X線量から、確定した前記逐次近似処理条件および前記再構成条件に基づき、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記撮影条件の一部として前記X線管の管電流値の上限値および、または下限値が設定されており、
前記システム制御装置は、一方の軸が前記X線管の管電流値、他の軸が被検者の体軸となる管電流値グラフを作成し、前記管電流値グラフに前記X線管の管電流値の前記上限値および、または前記X線管の管電流値の前記下限値を表示し、前記演算されたX線管の管電流値を表示する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項4に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記システム制御装置により作られる前記管電流値グラフにおいて、前記演算されたX線管の管電流値が前記上限値および、または前記下限値に到達するクリッピング状態が生じる場合に、前記管電流値グラフに前記クリッピング状態を表示する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項2に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記撮影条件の一部として画像ノイズ値の目標値である画像ノイズ目標値あるいはコントラストノイズ比の目標値であるCNR目標値が設定されており、
前記システム制御装置は、一方の軸が前記断層画像の画像ノイズ、他の軸が被検者の体軸となる画像ノイズグラフを作成し、前記画像ノイズグラフに前記画像ノイズ目標値を表示し、前記3次元モデルおよび前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および前記撮影条件および前記再構成条件により演算して求められた画像ノイズ値の予測値を表示する、あるいは、一方の軸が前記断層画像のCNR、他の軸が被検者の体軸となるCNRグラフを作成し、前記CNRグラフに前記CNR目標値を表示し、前記3次元モデルおよび前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および前記撮影条件および前記再構成条件により演算して求められたCNRの予測値を表示する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記システム制御装置は、前記システム制御装置の演算により前記演算されたX線管の管電流値のクリッピング状態に基づき、前記クリッピング状態が減少する方向の前記逐次近似処理条件が新たに選択されると、前記新たに前記選択された逐次近似処理条件により新たに前記X線管の管電流値を演算して、前記新たに演算されたX線管の管電流値により撮影を行い、
前記画像再構成装置は、前記撮影により前記X線検出器によって検出された透過X線量から、前記新たに選択された逐次近似処理条件および前記再構成条件に基づき、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記X線管の管電流値の演算を前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および前記X線管に供給される管電圧に基づいて行う、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記X線管の管電流値の演算を前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および視野サイズに基づいて行う、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記X線管の管電流値の演算を前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および画像ノイズに基づいて行う、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記選択された逐次近似処理条件により前記演算されたX線管の管電流値に対して、前記システム制御装置は、逐次近似処理条件の推奨条件を表示し、
さらに新たに逐次近似処理条件が選択されると、前記新たに選択された逐次近似処理条件に基づいて、前記X線管の管電流値を演算する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記演算されたX線管の前記管電流値に対して、前記システム制御装置は、画像ノイズ目標値の推奨条件を表示し、新たに画像ノイズ目標値が入力されると前記新たに入力された画像ノイズ目標値に基づいて前記X線管の管電流値を演算する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記演算されたX線管の前記管電流値に対して、前記システム制御装置は、CNR目標値の推奨条件を表示し、新たにCNR目標値が入力されると前記新たに入力されたCNR目標値に基づいて前記X線管の管電流値を演算する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記システム制御装置は、前記逐次近似処理条件の一部として、複数の逐次近似処理レベルの内から、被検者や診断目的に好ましいレベル範囲を特定し、前記好ましいレベル範囲内のレベルの表示を行う、あるいは、好ましいレベル範囲の最大値を表す制限レベルの表示を行う、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記システム制御装置は、前記逐次近似処理条件の一部として、複数の逐次近似処理レベルの内から、被検者や診断目的に好ましい推奨レベルを特定し、前記推奨レベルの表示を行う、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、
前記逐次近似処理条件および前記撮影条件の一部として前記X線管の管電流の上限値が設定されており、
前記システム制御装置は、前記演算されたX線管の管電流値が前記上限値に到達するクリッピング状態が生じると予想される場合に、少なくとも前記クリッピング状態が生じると予想される被検者の部分において、体軸方向に沿うようにして複数の位置に分け、前記各位置に対応して再構成用の逐次近似処理条件を特定し、前記演算されたX線管の管電流値により撮影を行い、
前記画像再構成装置は、前記撮影により前記X線検出器によって検出された透過X線量から、前記各位置に対応した前記再構成用の逐次近似処理条件および前記再構成条件に基づき、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する、ことを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - X線管を備え、被検者にX線を照射するX線源と、
前記X線源から照射され前記被検者を透過した透過X線を検出するX線検出器と、
前記X線源と前記X線検出器を搭載し前記被検者の周囲を回転する回転機構と、
入力された撮影条件および、または再構成条件、および前記X線管の所定の管電流値に基づき、逐次近似処理の画像ノイズ低減割合から、被検者の体軸方向に沿うようにして分割された各位置に対する再構成用の逐次近似処理条件を演算し、前記所定のX線管の管電流値により撮影を行う、システム制御装置と、
前記管電流値に基づいて前記X線源から前記被検者に照射され、前記被検者を透過して前記X線検出器により検出された透過X線量から、撮影位置毎に前記各位置に対応した前記再構成用の逐次近似処理条件および前記再構成条件に基づき、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する画像再構成装置と、を備えることを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - X線管を備え、被検者にX線を照射するX線源と、
前記X線源から照射され前記被検者を透過した透過X線を検出するX線検出器と、
前記X線源と前記X線検出器を搭載し前記被検者の周囲を回転する回転機構と、
撮影を行うシステム制御装置と、
前記X線検出器により検出された透過X線量から、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する画像再構成装置と、を備えるX線CT装置において、
複数の逐次近似処理条件の内から選択された逐次近似処理条件が、前記システム制御装置に入力される第1ステップと、
さらに撮影条件および再構成条件が前記システム制御装置に入力される第2ステップと、
前記選択された逐次近似処理条件と入力された前記撮影条件および、または前記再構成条件に基づき前記X線管の管電流値を前記システム制御装置によって演算する第3ステップと、
前記演算されたX線管の管電流値により前記システム制御装置が撮影を行う第4ステップと、
前記管電流値に基づいて前記X線源から前記被検者に照射され、前記被検者を透過して前記X線検出器により検出された透過X線量から、前記画像再構成装置が、前記選択された逐次近似処理条件および前記再構成条件に基づき、前記被検者の断層画像を再構成する第5ステップと、を備えることを特徴とするX線CT装置の断層画像撮影方法。
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