Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
  • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K51/00—Appliances for treating beehives or parts thereof, e.g. for cleaning or disinfecting
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
  • A01N35/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen
  • A01N35/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen containing a carbon-to-nitrogen double bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
  • A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals

Definitions

• the present invention relates to moldings which are suitable for controlling Varroa mites in bees.
• the parasitic honeybee mite Varroa destructor is a natural parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana.
• the Asian honey bee there is only the western honey bee Apis mellifera, which is suitable for beekeeping by humans.
• the natural distribution areas of both honey bees are separated by the deserts and mountains of the Middle East and the Middle East. Only by bringing peoples of western honey bees into the natural range of the Asian honeybee could the mites parasitize this new host in the last century and spread with it on all continents except Australia and the Antarctic.
• mites can reproduce on male brood, drone larvae and pupae favored by mites, as well as on female worker larvae and pupae.
• Propagation - unlike the Asian bee - has no natural limits. On the one hand there is a direct damage to the bee brood by the hematophagous mites, but the mites are also vectors of bacterial and viral infectious agents, so that there is also an indirect damage. Without effective control of the mites, the bee colonies will sooner or later.
• Biocontrol measures such as the removal and destruction of the mite-preferred drone brood, and chemotherapeutic measures, i. E. the use of substances and preparations of substances that selectively kill the mites but protect the bees.
• the majority of the mites are in the closed with a thin wax lid brood cells and there evades the action of control agents. Only during the time when the Queen Bee does not lay eggs and the bees do not spawn any mites are on adult bees, where they can be treated. Therefore, preparations with a short duration of action must be used during the breeding-free period of the bee colonies.
• the majority of bee colonies come in late summer and autumn when, due to the decline in the breeding activity of the bees, more and more mites concentrate in a smaller number of brood cells and damage the bees' roast so sustainably.
• WO00 / 72683 already discloses a method of controlling parasitosis in bees using a combination of coumaphos with a plastic material, e.g. in the form of coumaphos-containing plastic strips that can be hung in a hive.
• WO02 / 23981 already relates to an antiparasitic bee sluice for beehives, but which could be improved again.
• WO2006 / 00335 describes active substance-containing solid shaped articles for external use against parasites on animals.
• the invention relates to:
• the invention relates to:
• the molded articles contain an acaricidal active substance which has the lowest possible toxicity to bees.
• Suitable acaricidal agents include: cymiazole, etoxazole, fluvalinate and, in particular, flumethrin, coumaphos and amitraz.
• the shaped articles usually contain the acaricidal active compound in concentrations of 0, 1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably from 0.2 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 15.0 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the solid formulation.
• Flumethrin 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 wt .-% or according to another particularly preferred embodiment 0.5 to 2.5 wt .-%
• Etoxazole 6 to 12% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 10% by weight
• Fluvalinate 6 to 12% by weight, more preferably 5 to 10% by weight,
• Amitraz 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 2 to 6% by weight
• Cymiazole 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 2 to 6% by weight
• the shaped bodies according to the invention contain a glycerol ester or propylene glycol ester with C 8 -C 12 fatty acids; These are preferably aliphatic, unbranched saturated fatty acids, such as caprylic, capric or lauric.
• a glycerol ester or propylene glycol ester with C 8 -C 12 fatty acids are preferably aliphatic, unbranched saturated fatty acids, such as caprylic, capric or lauric.
• all the hydroxyl groups of the underlying alcohol are esterified in these esters, ie, they are propylene glycol diesters or triglycerides.
• Preferred examples of such esters are caprylic-capric acid triglyceride (Miglyol 812) and propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate.
• the shaped articles according to the invention contain the glycerol ester or propylene glycol ester with C 8 -C 12 fatty acids in proportions of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 7 to 25% by weight, very particularly preferably 15 up to 25% by weight (based on the respective total mixing mass).
• Caprylic-capric acid triglyceride (Miglyol 812, the company Sasol Germany GmbH / Witten, CAS No. 73398-61-5) is also known under the name MKT (medium-chain triglycerides).
• MKT medium-chain triglycerides
• Propylenglykoldi- caprylate / dicaprate Miglyol 840 from Sasol / Witten, CAS No.
• the moldings according to the invention with propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate are preferred.
• thermoplastic polyolefins for example polyethylene
• polyvinyl resins are suitable as the carrier substance or base for the shaped bodies. It is particularly advantageous to use polyvinyl chloride homopolymer (PVC).
• the shaped articles according to the invention may optionally additionally contain customary plasticizers which are customarily used for softening solid polyvinyl chloride resins.
• Suitable additional plasticizers are, for example, phosphoric acid esters, adipic acid esters, such as e.g. Diiso- and n-butyl adipate.
• Other esters such as the esters of azelaic acid, maleic acid, ricinoleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid and trimellitic acid, as well as complex linear polyesters, polymeric plasticizers and epoxidized soybean oils may also be used.
• adipic acid esters in particular di-n-butyl adipate.
• the additional plasticizers are used in amounts of 4 to 45 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 40 wt .-%.
• epoxidized soybean oil is preferably used in concentrations of 1 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 3 wt .-% based on the total composition.
• a di-Ci-6-alkyl ester of a C2-8 dicarboxylic acid in particular di-n-butyl adipate, in concentrations of 1 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 7 to 22 wt .-% is used as an additional plasticizer ,
• the glycerol ester or propylene glycol ester with Cs-Cn fatty acids and the di-Ci-6-alkyl ester of a C2-8 dicarboxylic acid in a total concentration of 5 to 35% by weight.
• the total amount of plasticizer ie the amount of caprylic-capric acid triglyceride or propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate plus the amount of additional plasticizers, should not exceed 50% by weight, preferably 45% by weight, particularly preferably 35% by weight.
• the total amount of plasticizers is therefore in the range of about 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably about 15 to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15 to 35 wt .-% of the total composition.
• the total amount of plasticizer exceeds not 40% by weight of the total composition, in this case the total amount of plasticizer is 15 to 40% by weight.
• the moldings may also contain other customary constituents, such as stabilizers, lubricants, mold release agents, fillers and coloring materials; As a rule, this does not significantly alter the basic properties of the composition.
• Suitable stabilizers are antioxidants and agents that protect the ribbons from ultraviolet radiation and undesirable degradation during processing, such as extrusion.
• stearic acid or its salts (stearates) or low molecular weight polyethylenes can be used as the lubricant.
• stearic acid is used as the lubricant.
• These ingredients are usually used in a concentration of up to about 5% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight of the total composition.
• Total blend mass is the final mass which is then molded by suitable methods.
• the moldings are preferably produced by melt extrusion, extrusion or injection molding.
• the choice of the processing method for the production of the shaped bodies depends on the rheological properties of the polymeric carrier material and the shape of the desired shaped body.
• the processing methods can be adjusted according to the processing technology or the type of molding.
• the processes can be subdivided according to the theological states they have undergone. Thereafter come for viscous polymeric substrates casting, pressing, injection molding and coating and for elastoviscose polymers injection molding, extrusion (extruding), calendering, rolling and optionally kneading in question.
• the moldings of the invention can be prepared by casting, dipping, pressing, injection molding, extrusion, calendering, embossing, bending, deep drawing, etc. Coating of solid base supports is also possible. By reworking the moldings can be adapted to their functional requirements.
• the solid moldings according to the invention usually have a material thickness of 0.5 to 20 mm, preferably 0.5 to 10 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 5 mm, very particularly preferably 1 to 3 mm.
• Beehives can have different shapes and consist of different materials. Under a beehive (a hive) is here the dwelling for each bee colony to be understood.
• the shaped bodies according to the invention preferably have a shape which fits the entry hole of conventional beehives (also referred to as hives) and forms a kind of lock.
• the shaped bodies have holes and are shaped so that the bees are forced to pass these holes as they leave the hive and return to the hive.
• the holes usually have a diameter of 5 to 9 mm, preferably 6 to 8 mm, particularly preferably 6.5 to 7.5 mm.
• the holes should have an area of 5 to 26 cm 2, preferably 10 to 15 cm 2 , per hive. It follows that per hive (with an entry hole) about 10 to 100 holes should be present, preferably 15 to 80 holes, more preferably 15 to 60, most preferably, 25 to 40, especially 20 to 30 holes.
• the number and size of the holes must be such as to ensure adequate ventilation of the hive even at extreme temperatures, and that they are not a mechanical obstacle, eg. For example, when carrying dead drones (male bees).
• the shape and size of the molded articles according to the invention should be chosen so that they fit the entry holes of conventional beehives.
• they may have a rectangular shape with a height of 1 to 10 cm, preferably 1.5 to 4 cm, especially 2 to 4 cm or more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 cm and widths of 10 to 50 cm, preferably 15 to 40 cm.
• the shaped bodies according to the invention can be applied to the hive in a manner known per se, so that the bees must pass through the openings in the shaped body as a kind of lock when they come or leave the hive.
• a holder z For attachment to the hive or to a holder z.
• fasteners such as nails, thumbtacks, screws or adhesive can be used.
• Other devices are conceivable, e.g. those in which the moldings of the invention are inserted in guides.
• the moldings according to the invention show an excellent action against Varroa mites in bees when the moldings are attached in the manner described at the entrance of the hive.
• the moldings of the invention are characterized by good bee compatibility.
• the Varroa mites are killed either directly or after a certain time. Unless the mites are killed directly, at least the further reproduction of the mites can usually be prevented.
• the use of propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate improves the bee's compatibility of the molded articles. Because of the chemical similarity, it is to be assumed that caprylic-capric acid triglyceride also improves bee tolerance.
• the invention therefore relates to moldings, as described above, which contain no acaricidal active ingredient.
• Bees that pass these shaped bodies without acaricidal active ingredient will receive some protection against infestation by Varroa mites.
• Bees are the Eastern Honeybee (Apis cerana) and in particular the Western Honeybee (Apis mellifera.
• Varroa mites are especially Varroa destructor.
• the function of the molded body according to the invention is based primarily on the fact that the bees pass the holes, their use is useful, especially in the flight-active time of the bees. However, it is not absolutely necessary to remove the shaped bodies outside the flight-active period.
• Epoxidized soybean oil 1.1% by weight
• Titanium dioxide 1% by weight
• the mixture of titanium dioxide and PVC is mixed in a mixer with the mixture of di-n-butyl adipate, propylene glycol octanoate decanoate, epoxidized soybean oil and flumethrin. Mix under heat until the mixture is homogeneous. The heating requires the incorporation of the drug-plasticizer mixture into the PVC. After the subsequent homogeneous distribution of the stearic acid, the mixture can be processed by known methods to give moldings in the desired thickness.
• Shaped bodies have been produced which are suitable for use on beehives. These have the following dimensions:
• Length 15 cm, width 3 cm, thickness: 2 mm.
• the moldings have 15 holes with 7 mm diameter each.
• Epoxidized soybean oil 1.1% by weight
• Titanium dioxide 1% by weight
• the mixture of titanium dioxide, PVC and coumaphos is mixed in a mixer with the mixture of di-n-butyl adipate, propylene glycol octanoate decanoate and epoxidized soybean oil. Mix under heat until the mixture is homogeneous. The heating requires the inclusion of the active ingredient-plasticizer mixture in the PVC. After the subsequent homogeneous distribution of the stearic acid, the mixture can be processed by known methods to give moldings in the desired thickness.
• Shaped bodies have been produced which are suitable for use on beehives. These have the following dimensions: length: 15 cm, width 3 cm, thickness: 2 mm.
• the moldings have 15 holes with 7 mm diameter each.
• Example 13 is a placebo formulation.
• Titanium dioxide 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
• Titanium dioxide 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.0 1.0 1.0
• Ice oxide pigments 0.08 0.08 0.08 - - -
• compositions of Examples 3 to 16 can be prepared analogously to the composition of Example 1.
• PVC, titanium dioxide and iron oxide pigments may be mixed with heating (60 ° C), then a solution of the remaining ingredients except stearic acid is prepared and mixed with the PVC pigment mixture in the heat. Finally, stearic acid is added with further stirring and heating and made a homogeneous composition, which can be further processed after cooling.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (13)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Related Child Applications (2)

Publications (1)

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Country Status (16)

Cited By (3)

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Citations (4)

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• 2013
  • 2013-11-11 HU HUE13789778A patent/HUE061707T2/hu unknown
  • 2013-11-11 HR HRP20230413TT patent/HRP20230413T1/hr unknown
  • 2013-11-11 US US14/442,662 patent/US20160278369A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-11-11 ES ES13789778T patent/ES2943610T3/es active Active
  • 2013-11-11 AU AU2013346978A patent/AU2013346978B2/en active Active
  • 2013-11-11 PL PL13789778.1T patent/PL2919584T3/pl unknown
  • 2013-11-11 SI SI201332042T patent/SI2919584T1/sl unknown
  • 2013-11-11 EP EP13789778.1A patent/EP2919584B1/de active Active
  • 2013-11-11 JP JP2015541174A patent/JP6383361B2/ja active Active
  • 2013-11-11 NZ NZ707330A patent/NZ707330A/en unknown
  • 2013-11-11 CA CA2899361A patent/CA2899361C/en active Active
  • 2013-11-11 WO PCT/EP2013/073518 patent/WO2014076036A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2013-11-11 MX MX2015005823A patent/MX386751B/es unknown
  • 2013-11-12 UY UY0001035135A patent/UY35135A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-11-12 AR ARP130104155A patent/AR093453A1/es active IP Right Grant
• 2015
  • 2015-05-04 IL IL238617A patent/IL238617B/en active IP Right Grant
• 2022
  • 2022-10-21 US US18/048,707 patent/US20230084168A1/en not_active Abandoned

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