WO2014075551A1 - 浮力车轮 - Google Patents
浮力车轮 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014075551A1 WO2014075551A1 PCT/CN2013/086150 CN2013086150W WO2014075551A1 WO 2014075551 A1 WO2014075551 A1 WO 2014075551A1 CN 2013086150 W CN2013086150 W CN 2013086150W WO 2014075551 A1 WO2014075551 A1 WO 2014075551A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tread
- wheel
- tire
- flexible
- energy
- Prior art date
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- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 37
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B19/00—Wheels not otherwise provided for or having characteristics specified in one of the subgroups of this group
- B60B19/06—Wheels not otherwise provided for or having characteristics specified in one of the subgroups of this group with compartments for fluid, packing or loading material; Buoyant wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B9/00—Wheels of high resiliency, e.g. with conical interacting pressure-surfaces
- B60B9/18—Wheels of high resiliency, e.g. with conical interacting pressure-surfaces using fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B5/00—Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material
- B60B5/02—Wheels, spokes, disc bodies, rims, hubs, wholly or predominantly made of non-metallic material made of synthetic material
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of transportation, and relates to air-cushion vehicles, in particular to the running resistance of the suspension vehicle, and also relates to mechanical type and safe docking. Background technique
- PCT/CN2010/078671 was widely used in transportation and can be operated on "waterways”, “mud tracks”, “tracks” and “roads”. It can also be widely used in the field of mechanical motion. At high speeds, if a wing is installed as a balance car, a "tracked aircraft" can be realized.
- One of the technical points of this buoyancy vehicle is (using the elastic body to make buoyancy in motion, which is close to no energy consumption in the movement, it is the energy-saving basis of the movement; it achieves small resistance in motion.
- the gas used in this device is essentially different from the gas used in conventional sports (traditionally the gas acts as a transmission medium for force during rolling or during sliding). If the air pressure is stopped to supply the above motion, the fact is proved to be the force obtained by the force transmission medium (this is different from the force obtained by the elastic body).
- It has similarities with the closed pneumatic bearing (buoyancy bearing) invented in Europe, and there are also important differences (the buoyancy bearing invented in Europe, the axial sealing is particularly precise.
- the closed system of the invention can form a large moving range, forming A wider range of buoyancy closure movements).
- the present invention is an invention which further improves the foregoing invention. Energy-saving technologies have been used in the parking process before, and further improvements have been made here to make vehicle energy saving more practical and convenient. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to reduce the power consumption of the vehicle, increase the transportation volume and the safe use range of the vehicle.
- the present invention is to ensure that the moving object makes a floating motion, and the friction generated by the moving object and its moving accessories is referred to as floating friction in the invention of PCT/CN201 0/078671 (it is an artificial energy-saving floating motion).
- the friction created in it is completely different from the friction existing in natural floating motion).
- This kind of combined friction force is artificially made to complete the floating motion of the moving object (achieving energy saving and small resistance).
- the appearance of the movement has two forms of rolling and sliding.
- the motion of the object is buoyancy to realize energy-saving movement.
- This document is a continuation of the invention of PCT/CN201 0/078671 (the following relates to CN/201010538955 4; Taiwan Application No.: 101115243 and CN/201210457272, 5, related techniques. If it is common sense or what others have already invented , I will not say it here).
- connection elastic member is made to make small energy consumption in the deformation movement, and a specific flexible member connection is required between the force receiving members.
- the energy consumed by the flexible member during the deformation movement is a major part of the energy consumed by the buoyancy wheel.
- the gas function is to transmit the supporting force and to reduce the vibration of the vehicle body. It is essentially different from the “elastic body" of the gas in the present invention and the buoyancy in the "floating motion" (because the traditional tread The necessary flexibility requirements cannot be achieved, so the tread lacks the "elastic body” that requires the necessary flexible movement).
- the ground pressure is a 10mm radius small wheel, and then it is connected with a 90mm long support rod in its axial position.
- a plurality of such components form a 100mm radius integral large wheel (the ground pressure wheel is connected by the support rod)
- a large wheel with an integral bracket When a small wheel is pressed against the ground, if the large wheel is added with a unit force in the horizontal direction corresponding to the horizontal direction of the large wheel, 10 units of force is generated at the wheel axle position of the small wheel.
- the result is: Although the resistance of the small wheel to the ground contact is large, the overall resistance of the large wheel motion is the same as that of the same diameter large wheel with the same friction coefficient (the dynamic force acts on the axis position of the large diameter wheel, and the demonstration experiment is performed here. : The actual friction between the small wheel and the road surface is not equal to the actual friction value of the overall movement of the big wheel).
- the small axle of the grounding wheel is integrated with the support rod, there is as little friction between the small wheel and the small axle (such as the buoyancy bearing invented in Europe), and the support rod is used to form the radial fixing of the big wheel. frame. If the momentum change in motion is effectively stored so that it can be reused (or the moving component can make the correct motion and minimize the energy consumption of the motion), at this time, the amount of total energy of the large wheel can be close to zero. (The small wheel is indeed pressed against the ground but there is no rolling. The big wheel has little friction in the overall movement. The movement of each small wheel is alternately pressed on the ground, and there is no movement with the ground; Momentum transformation process There is no loss in it. The small wheels are arranged along the axis of the large wheel such as a screw, and the shaft spacing of the small wheels can be very close).
- the support rod can be elastically deformed along the radial direction of the large wheel, so that a plurality of small wheels can simultaneously perform the ground motion.
- the big wheel moves as a whole, the movement of the small ground wheels is not synchronized.
- the axis angle of the large wheel corresponding to many grounding wheels is 20 degrees, calculate the total energy consumption of multiple small wheel motions; if the large wheel with the same rolling friction coefficient runs the same distance with this energy consumption, this large wheel The wheel diameter of the corresponding wheel diameter and the rolling wheel combined by the small wheel movement can be different!
- This invention is an invention of a buoyant vehicle accessory.
- the summary of the invention is as follows:
- the car uses rolling wheel movements.
- the use of a long-lasting elastic suspension and flexible joints together constitutes a moving wheel with a floating support.
- Such a wheel can form a frictional force of energy saving and small resistance, and is an energy-saving friction generated by artificially modifying the float.
- the wheels have accessories to perform specific functions according to the needs of the car. Buoyancy vehicles are made up of balanced, sporty, powered and safe components.
- a radial elastic frame is distributed along the outer circumference of the wheel body, and a large deformation elastic small balloon with a flexible surface is attached to the ground end of the wheel, and the wheel is made of pressed ground.
- the buoyancy support is supported.
- the buoyancy wheel includes a resiliently supported moving body with a flexible movement.
- the elastic body supports the moving wheels on the support body with flexible motion.
- the elastic body may be a pre-stressed spring resulting from a limit; or a pressure-resistant pneumatic cylinder piston body; or a pneumatic elastic body using a flexible tread.
- the flexible moving body may be a pneumatic elastic body of a flexible bladder surface; or a hydraulic elastic body of a flexible bladder surface; or a prestressed spring body. In the rotation of the wheel body, the moving support body forms a movement in which the flexible and elastic forces act in contact with the pressure receiving surface contacting the ground.
- the elastic body supports the bracket with the flexible joint as the fulcrum of the locating body, and the component is used as the elastic support frame of the wheel of the grounding; thereby supporting the moving wheel body on the road surface.
- the elastic support frame is coupled to the wheel spring frame to form a buoyant wheel.
- the pressure elastic body may be a moving air cushion pressure closed by the inner surface of the cylinder; or a flexible buoyancy pneumatic tire; or a buoyancy runner composed of a spring frame; or a buoyancy runner composed of a pneumatic cylinder piston body.
- a flexible inner tube with a flexible surface is mounted in a flexible tread having a tamper-evident surface.
- a tight sleeve is fastened to the rim, and then the rim is mounted on the axle to form a buoyancy wheel.
- the outer circumferential tread of the inner tube is connected with the flexible radial tension rope of the wheel on the rim of the rim, and a dense flexible tension rope is connected between the annular surfaces of the inner tube.
- the flexible tether in the tire is formed into a curved rope in the plane of the wheel diameter and the wheel axis.
- the two ends of the rope are fastened to the steel cord on the side of the tire casing, and a flexible linear tension rope is connected to the curved rope section to be connected to the pressing tread surface and the side tread surface;
- the face is either a tread with a special inner tube.
- the moving parts the tires of the buoyancy car.
- the tire is made of a flexible and weather-resistant tread, and the flexibility of the side tread is more important.
- the buoyant flexible wheel tread can be attached to the rim of the rim by pulling the tread on the tread.
- the rim pulls the stab-resistant tread by the tension rope so that the circumferential line of the tire has a wavy curved surface, and the hard block is connected to the convex surface of the wavy tread, and the flexible anti-tie mesh surface is connected between the hard blocks to form a flexible tire.
- Level Or the outer circumference of the tire is connected with an elastic rubber strip and the ground, which is elastic and flexible support for the tread.
- a buoyant roller tire is installed with a steel rope or a chain on the circumference of the circumference, and a radial steel rope is connected to the wheel of the roller sleeve on the tire peripheral tension member, and each length of the steel rope is slightly longer than the wheel after connecting the wheel radius.
- the large deformation roller tread becomes a roller that receives tension from the wheel shaft by the internal air pressure of the tread.
- the outer peripheral surface of the tire is connected by a beam, and the wheel sleeve and the beam are connected by a drawstring.
- the control side of the outer circumference of the tire is added by the mounting chain to the control power of the tread.
- the tension member of the tire circumferential surface and the tire circumferential surface is fixed by a bead to form a combined semicircular surface of the circumferential undulating tread;
- the shaft wheel is connected to the tread beam by a drawstring, and the small inflatable cylinder is fixed outside the fixed tread of the beam, and a small rigid strip for pressing the ground is fixed at the distal end of the small cylindrical surface;
- a tight outer tread protection surface is formed by a tamper-proof net outside the inflatable small cylindrical cylinder; or in the ordinary tread or outside the rim surface, a small cylindrical air cylinder is provided with a spacing along the outer circumferential surface, and the small cylinder is self-contained Pneumatic system, small wall is rigid, soft and high
- the strong fiber is used as a thin tread for preventing the net, the axis of the small round long tube is parallel to the axle, and the outer end of the small cylindrical surface is mounted with a small hard strip for pressing the ground; or the outer end of each small sleeve
- tread ropes in the tread are nearly perpendicular to the bead of the steel cord, close to the cross section along the tread Distribution, the wrinkles made by the tread to achieve the flexibility of the sports tread;
- the sealing rubber tread is positioned by a steel ring with large radial deformation on both sides of the tread.
- the tread is deformed by the steel rings on both sides under the tension rope; the steel ring is further fixed length steel rope Connecting the wheel sleeve to form a wheel;
- a buoyant air-cushion wheel with a large deformation under the rigid wheel two rolls of synchronous rolling and then pressing on the road surface, together forming a buoyant wheel of a large deformation air cushion that presses on the ground; or a protective surface such as a track is mounted outside the air-cushion wheel;
- the screw used in the assembly has a self-locking friction surface thread.
- the screw pattern of the screw nut and the screw rod in the loosening direction is characteristic on the contact surface, where the thread contact surface is In the vertical plane with the axis of the screw rod, the angle sine function value is smaller than the friction coefficient of the contact surface material, that is, within the physical self-locking angle; that is, the screw contact surface of the screw in the loosening direction is close to the screw shaft axis.
- the shape of the thread contact surface in the tightening direction may be different; the thread shape and size are made to meet the mechanical requirements to lj, such as: the cross-sectional shape of the parallel screw axis is a right-angled triangle, or the sharp corner is removed to represent a trapezoid;
- the friction surface of the lock screw can also be set on the screw outer diameter surface of the screw rod, so that the special outer diameter surface of the screw thread is a slightly inclined surface; the self-locking screw can be used for many fixed parts, such as assembling bearings, wheels, motors, etc. , so it is widely used.
- the power component During the vehicle deceleration, the vehicle kinetic energy is transferred to the energy storage machine with floating friction for temporary storage, and the inertia rotor of the large shifting speed is linked with the corresponding shifting machine or motor to drive the vehicle.
- the quantity is transferred from the vehicle power shift to the movement of the energy storage rotor via electromagnetic or mechanical transmission; or the energy temporarily stored in the energy storage motion rotor is transferred back to the vehicle power machine to accelerate the vehicle;
- As a device for temporarily storing energy if the centrifugal force of the rotor is greater than its own bearing capacity, it can be maintained by a high-pressure outer protective cover; the vehicle bears the above mechanical weight, and its transportation cost is not large, so it is suitable for energy-saving operation of the vehicle, high-speed inertial rotor
- the cage has a three-dimensional three-way positioning shaft to keep the rotor stable. It is beneficial to use the mechanical linkage shifting; or the motor to make a fast shifting of the inertia rotor at low
- the power component the gear shifting gear in the gear transmission is positioned by the bearing, and is engaged by the sliding key sleeve between the inner spline groove of the gear and the spline groove of the spline shaft, and the gear is controlled to slide by the sliding key sleeve
- the shaft is connected or disengaged to achieve the purpose of shifting; the gears mesh with each other in a normal state, and the gear shifting is controlled by the sliding movement of the sliding key sleeve after making a limited collision with the spline groove.
- the power component is a buffer clutch: the inertia energy storage rotor is driven by a multi-pole transmission to realize energy transfer, and is connected to the clutch through a spring buffer turntable or a magnetic pole buffer turntable, and the two buffer disks are pressed by magnetic poles or springs.
- Tight card to form two-disc linkage which is connected to the buffering shift of the power in the moving machine; this connection mode can be used for speed regulation or shifting with buffering movement; or when the engine reaches the optimal speed, it drives the magnetic buffer buffer or spring buffer
- the turntable and the clutch are used to drive the shifting mechanism of the vehicle to move; or the movement energy of the vehicle body is driven by the wheel to be transmitted to the transmission, and then transferred to the energy storage rotor by the transmission, so that the vehicle is energy-saving and shifting.
- Figure 1 is a section of the small balloon buoyancy support under the moving wheel, the wheel 4, the flexible spherical surface 5 and the ground contact point 1, 2, 3, the radial elastic frame of the wheel 9 .
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic body (pneumatic tire) in the deformed wheel sleeve, the deformed rolling wheel sleeve 6, bears the gravity buoyancy pneumatic tire 7, and the working point of the power tire 8 realizes a certain distance from the central axis of the deformation cylinder. The moment acts on the radius of the wheel after deformation.
- a buoyant vehicle that uses rolling wheel motion is a man-made long-acting elastic suspension and a flexible connecting piece to form a moving wheel with a floating support.
- Such wheels can create energy-saving and low-resistance friction because of the energy-saving friction generated by artificially modifying the float.
- the wheels have accessories that perform specific functions according to the needs of the car; buoyancy vehicles are made up of balanced, sporty, powered and safe components.
- a stretch frame that deforms the radial direction of the wheel is arranged on the outer circumference of the wheel body.
- the radial elastic motion of the wheel is to compensate the deformation of the ground wheel.
- a plurality of sets of such wheel body elastic frames are distributed along the axis of the wheel, and each set of elastic frames is arranged in an interlaced manner.
- the flexible elastic body of the frame is mounted on the pressing end of the deformable elastic bracket - the shape is controlled by a scorpion-shaped scorpion, and the outer side of the rafter has an adjustable spring for adjusting the elastic frame to fit the wheel body
- the specific requirements of the pressure and deformation; the lower end of the elastic frame is equipped with a high-strength flexible small balloon surface capable of making a large deformation, and the surface of the capsule is covered with a pressurized gas or a pressurized liquid to form a flexible elastic body; It becomes the buoyancy support of the specific pressure ground of the buoyancy wheel (the buoyant deformation body is designed to meet the requirements of the position of the wheel, its own deformation, movement and elasticity, and pressure change).
- the buoyant deformation body uses the elastic support frame to support the moving wheel between the tread and the ground, and constitutes a floating wheel.
- the floating body is elastically deformed (it is to make a regular elastic deformation, not rolling.
- This balloon surface is made The deformation is required to follow the minimum frictional force; the deformed balloon is controlled to move in the positioning of the positioned deformed elastic frame) to achieve large wheel rolling (thus reducing the frictional force in the rolling motion of the large wheel).
- the buoyancy supporting the small spherical surface of the moving body during the wheel movement as shown in the sectional view 1:
- the movement of the wheel 4 causes the flexible support spherical surface 5 to touch the ground to enter the elastic support state, and the contact point
- the 2 points of the spherical surface enter the contact surface of the pressing ground with the movement of the wheel body, and the wheel body continues to move to make the 3 points of the spherical surface enter the pressing contact surface.
- the wheel continues to move the spherical surface, it leaves the support point as the ground surface.
- the elastic body is pressed to become a deformed spherical surface (the pressure of the wheel, the deformation of the surface of the capsule and the movement of the position are set in advance, and the elasticity is made by the hydraulic bladder of the flexible surface or the adjustable elastic frame on the airbag. Deformation, in order to achieve the rotation of the wheel body), the movement of the capsule surface under the wheel can be pressed and moved symmetrically to the wheel (the formed elastic force is symmetrical to the wheel).
- the deformation movement of the capsule surface is Elastic motion, which is different from rolling motion, so correct handling can produce floating friction.
- the rotating shaft on the deformed scorpion-shaped elastic frame is flexibly connected with the wheel radial spring frame 9 by the tension rope, and the elastic rod itself can be deformed in the radial direction of the wheel during the movement, or the slight change can be made to adapt to the wheel. Specific motion status.
- the balloon surface (presenting a cylindrical shape) achieves a body shape change in the control of the scorpion-shaped elastic frame, and the displacement and deformation of the balloon are required to meet the needs of the wheel body motion.
- the flexible bladder is pressure-deformed and the pressure-distribution of the flexible bladder of the wheel at each pressure is based on pre-designed conditions to achieve specific control to achieve the motion requirements.
- a track can be installed between the pressure bladder and the ground for protection.
- the buoyancy bearing of the Ming, or the tension cord or the flexible bladder surface used in the present invention is connected to form a moving wheel.
- the elastic body can be a limit (pre-stressed) spring, or a pressure-resistant pneumatic cylinder piston body, or a flexible bladder surface with air pressure (or hydraulic pressure) to form an elastic body.
- the elastic body is connected to the flexible moving body, and the moving body may be a pneumatic body (or hydraulic pressure) in the flexible bladder surface, or a prestressed spring body.
- the wheel bearing is made of floating friction.
- the elastic pneumatic tire (acting as a elastic body) is fixed outside the wheel rim, and the gas tread is a wavy outer circumferential tread, and the wavy tire circumferential surface is connected to the rim by a radial pulling rope net.
- a wheel-radial tension rope net with a tread surface and a tread joint (here, the surface of the tread surface constitutes a wavy tread), where the outer surface of the tire is connected to a small air pocket that is deformed greatly (or It is a flexible and elastic moving body), which makes the flexible airbag (one of the elastic body) able to be isolated between the ground and the air tread (the second of the elastic body), thus the composition is both elastic and both A flexible, relatively moving buoyant wheel (forming a floating friction in the form of a roll).
- the internal pressure of the deformed airbag (or hydraulic bladder) and the number of simultaneous compression of the surface of the bladder and the volumetric deformation are related to the design of the corresponding wheel pressure (the corresponding design values are used to make a reasonable corresponding match).
- the wheels of the floating surface are different from the conventional rolling wheels in motion, so they can exceed the rolling friction.
- This tread can be used alone or in addition to a protective large tread (such as a track).
- the double-elastic flexible combination scheme is not only suitable for pneumatic tires, but also has a variety of solutions that can be combined into a composite elastic body. This type of solution is to increase the flexibility of the wheel to achieve a better performance of the elastic body.
- the wheel body radial rod support frame is connected to the bracket elastic body supported on the road surface through a flexible connection point.
- the brackets of each pressure ground may be deformed at a small angle, or the buoyant wheels may be formed without angular movement.
- the center angle of the corresponding wheel is less than 5 degrees, the wheel bracket pressed against the ground has a certain movement in the radial direction of the wheel (by the elastic body) The deformation is realized), and the change of the pitch of the corresponding wheel circumference is not large (the vertical ground direction changes greatly, and the parallel ground direction changes little), such as:
- the shape of the support frame of the wheel body pressed on the road surface is like the inverted T character.
- There is a "floating" rotation shaft on the bracket (the shaft is usually rotated in the wheel body, so that the bracket is always in the ground state at any angle of the wheel. The frame moves to the ground but does not rotate.
- the switch is placed in the floating state when the bracket is off the ground.
- the shaft is reset by the switch for normal movement to rotate and position the wheel body.
- the sprocket and the chain are positioned at the shaft position on the bracket (the chain is positioned by the sprocket on the wheel body, and then positioned with the sprocket on each bracket).
- the elastic body on the ground support is connected to the fulcrum of the radial frame of the wheel body by a tension rope, and the wheel is formed by a flexible connection.
- the elastic body bears the wheel body pressure in the ground motion, and the pressed ground corresponds to the wheel center.
- the drawstring is connected to the ground support and the radial frame of the wheel body, and the rope is almost parallelly moved to complete the support wheel pressing movement.
- the positioning axis of the frame is floating (at this time)
- the chain is relaxed, and the radial bracket of the ground support and the wheel body is flexibly pulled by the connecting rope to bear the wheel pressure).
- the pressure bar is matched in the movement.
- the connecting ropes of each frame have a small angle change with each other. The angle change is symmetrical with the vertical center of the wheel center (the horizontal movement exists when the bracket contacts the ground).
- There is a small loss of energy in this movement but the energy loss of the overall wheel structure is not large. In this state, the energy loss of the wheel is greater than that of the former buoyancy wheel.
- this symmetrical motion Near no deformation, it is a small angle movement, and it is symmetrical movement with the wheel center of gravity.
- This ground support is made to rotate at a small angle during the ground motion (assuming the buoyancy axis and the arc surface of the bracket) The center of the circle coincides, the symmetrical movement of the elastic body and the contact of the bracket in the elastic state do not lose energy), and the ground support is pressed at a circular angle to make a slight angular rotation, and the energy consumption is small (this circular motion)
- this movement is done by a specific power mechanism), this big wheel consumes little energy in the overall floating movement.
- a relatively movable pressure elastic body is installed in the hard deformable elastic outer sleeve to form a buoyant wheel that changes the circumferential arc surface of the wheel, and the rolling friction resistance value of the wheel surface and the road surface can be artificially changed.
- the elastic body in the cylinder may be: an air cushion which is sealed in the relative movement of the two; or a flexible buoyancy pneumatic tire; or a rotating wheel composed of a spring frame; or a rotating wheel composed of a pneumatic cylinder.
- the sleeve of the outer wheel (the wall of the cylinder is: low carbon steel, or pure iron, or carbon fiber engineering plastic) is installed on the side of the vehicle body.
- the positioning of the small wheel is positioned such that the barrel is controlled within the wheel frame of the carriage during the deformation movement.
- the elastic body in the cylinder is supported on the axle, thereby performing buoyancy positioning; the wheel axle (which may be a buoyancy shaft) is positioned by the wheel carrier.
- the elastic body pressure is moved in the outer sleeve of the deforming wheel, and the frictional friction between the two is less than the frictional friction of the rolling.
- the deformed wheel sleeve is deformed on the supporting road surface, and the radius of the circle corresponding to the circular arc surface is larger than the radius of the original wheel sleeve.
- the wheel sleeve is The rolling friction of the road surface is smaller than the original rolling friction force (the cylinder and the road surface are the rolling frictional force, and the pressure inside the cylinder is the floating friction force, which affects the specific value of the rolling friction of the cylinder after the deformation to the road surface; otherwise, The deformation of the cylinder surface does not affect the rolling friction value with the road surface).
- This is the pressure generated by the floating gravity and the flat thrust force on the deformed circular arc surface.
- the floating pressure is clearly expressed on the deformation surface, and the deformed wheel sleeve faces the floating force.
- the reaction force generated is also a strong proof; that is, the reaction force of the cylinder is not derived from the original cylinder diameter, but corresponds to the radius of the circular arc surface after deformation.
- the rolling friction of the wheel cylinder on the road surface is smaller than the original.
- the rolling friction of the cylinder, combined with buoyancy and thrust, is to achieve small rolling friction. If there is no floating force, this result will not be achieved.
- the sliding friction force for the air cushion sealing plus the rolling friction force which is reduced by the rolling arc surface deformation (achieved by the floating thrust pressing on the deformed circular surface), can be smaller than the original wheel sleeve surface Rolling friction.
- This motion is adapted to be applied on seamless tracks or small seams (or small bumps).
- This method can make a limited modification (in low cost) in the original equipment, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption in transportation.
- the wheel cover is dust-tightly closed on both ends by a flexible cloth surface (the two ends of the cylinder are exposed outside and positioned by the positioning wheel), and the related vehicles can be used in specific transportation fields.
- the former example is an air cushion that uses a seal in the wall of the cylinder.
- the air cushion inside the rolling wheel sleeve is not conducive to driving in the bump movement.
- the invention of the present invention is to be installed in a sleeve of a flexible pneumatic tire for movement, the tire is made of a vehicle
- the buoyancy bearing is fixed, and the outer diameter of the pneumatic tire is smaller than the inner diameter of the sleeve, so that the deformation and movement of the pneumatic tire in the sleeve are not limited.
- the tread is used to realize the flexible movement of the tread in the pulling of the radial tension net of the dense wheel (the tread elasticity is realized in the elastic force of the gas in the tire, the tread itself is thin and flexible and the flexible connection is made between the rim and the rim
- the purpose is to make the tread better to exert flexibility and elasticity.
- the outer circumference of the round tire and the radial tension of the mesh form a certain angle, which is neither 90 degrees nor 0 degrees (this angle makes the rim when the tread is pressed)
- the force is formed into a uniform transition, which is a flexible transition that does not cause the force to fluctuate.
- the axle and the rim are pressed into the pneumatic tire, and the pneumatic tire pressure forms a deformation cylinder in the sleeve.
- the flexible air tread pressure makes a floating motion in the deformed circular arc surface (the deformation and relative motion between the tread and the inner surface of the sleeve are small, and the movement resistance is small.
- the rolling resistance caused by the joint motion is also The rolling friction force smaller than the original cylinder diameter, that is, the floating gravity is not at the position of the center of gravity of the original wheel cylinder, which is caused by the thrust synthesis to make the gravity shift in the floating state), at this time pushing the floating pneumatic tire to make the deformation wheel sleeve make the ground pressure
- rolling the floating tire pays less than the rolling friction of the original wheel diameter sleeve (the rolling friction resistance corresponding to the curved surface of the ground deformation is related to the following factors: Overcoming the rolling resistance torque of the supporting surface is constant, the heavy-pressure power acting on the deformed circular surface is floating displacement in the thrust, and the thrust is deformed by the deformation of the circular arc surface in the movement. The heavy moment. With this synthetic floating force to participate in the rolling friction of the de
- the elastic body air pressure is buoyant in the wheel sleeve, and the rolling resistance of the deformation sleeve is less than that in the past.
- This change in resistance is adapted to the transport of seamed rails; the rolling of the pneumatic tire and the sleeve of the wheel is also suitable for movement in a flat and bumpy road.
- This solution is an improvement for existing rail transit or seamed railways, and it has huge benefits.
- the shape of the wheel sleeve on the rail is:
- the outer wall of the middle section of the deformable sleeve pressed against the rail is a slightly thick and narrow surface (the thickness of the sleeve wall from the middle of the cylinder to the ends of the cylinder is gradually reduced),
- the air tread (or air cushion) is pressed into a circular-faced sleeve to form a wide-faced sleeve of a specific shape (a cylinder surface for mechanical and deformation requirements).
- the pneumatic tire and the wheel sleeve are installed between the carriage and the track to take up most of the weight of the vehicle.
- the wheel is used to position the wheel to make an output of power or braking force to the vehicle.
- the addition of a linkage wheel outside the deformation wheel sleeve also enables the vehicle to participate in power or braking force.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the movement of the deformable wheel sleeve and the flexible gas tire body.
- the deforming wheel sleeve 6 which is pressed on the track, the buoyancy of the buoyant gas is pressed into the cylinder for rolling; the thrust causes the buoyancy center of gravity 8 to depend on the original central axis of the deformed cylinder surface, buoyancy pneumatic tire Rolling in the deformed cylinder surface, this deformation cylinder surface and buoyancy
- the dynamic torque obtained after the pneumatic tire is moved is larger than the traditional wheel motion (the corresponding surface of the air cylinder pressure on the deformation cylinder surface is larger than the conventional wheel diameter at the moment, and the corresponding dynamic torque of the pneumatic tire is larger than the conventional wheel.
- the rolling resistance is smaller than that of the conventional wheel.
- the center of the pneumatic tire 01, the center of the original cylinder is 0, and the deformation is centered by the cylinder surface
- This item is a specific improvement invention for the relevant contents of the previous buoyancy vehicle invention (previously, similar treatment was made in a closed casing, or a common inner tube was added to a special tire, and now it is specially treated for the inner tube.
- the tire is only used as a flexible protective surface, which is different from the quality and properties of the previous tire.
- the flexible inner tread of the outer circumference of the inner tube is connected to the tight sleeve mounted on the rim by the radial friction line of the wheel (the tight sleeve on the inner circumference of the inner tube is fastened on the rim, and the accessory is used by the rim The fastening of the inner tube is fastened.
- Each of the tension cords is connected to each of the outer peripheral surfaces of the inner tube, and a small diamond (or small triangle) pattern is formed on the circumferential surface.
- This tread (with a tension net in the face to make the tread constitute a flexible tensile tread) is formed by a combination of air pressure and rope pulling force to form a small diamond-shaped (or small triangle) convex tread, which is in the deformation of the ground.
- the diamond (or triangle) pattern has changed (the corresponding tension rope has a corresponding position change).
- the deformation of the tread corresponding to the tread in the front and rear direction of the movement is generally symmetrical. Because the tread has sufficient flexibility, the tread movement can cause the carcass to enter the floating motion, and the friction of the tire is less than that of the common tire.
- the circular flexible tread on both sides of the inner tube is made by two pairs of tensile ropes perpendicular to the radial direction of the wheel, and the flexible side tread also forms a small diamond-shaped (or small triangular) convex-shaped tire side (to facilitate side tread deformation) ).
- a spring inner tread having a flexible surface is formed by such a peripheral surface and a side surface.
- the flexible surface of the anti-laying net constitutes the tread of the floating pneumatic tire
- the inner tube is mounted on the rim and the axle
- the tire is assembled to form a floating tire, thereby being installed in the transportation tool for bearing the main gravity of the vehicle.
- the tension rope is connected to the pressing tread surface and the side tread surface, thereby forming a traction force against the tire air pressure acting on the tread (so that the straight cable is densely distributed).
- the tread can be used to form a closed tread with the rim; it can also be used as a normal casing, and a specific shape of the inner tube is used in the tread. 3.
- tires for buoyancy vehicles To achieve floating friction in rolling motion, it is necessary to: In use, the buoyant tread should exhibit sufficient flexibility and elasticity and long-lasting "elastic body" characteristics.
- the buoyant tire tread is a wheel tread with good flexibility and pressure, and the flexibility of the side tread is more important.
- the tread is pulled by the tension rope (the puncture-proof net is inside the tread), and a plurality of inner tubes are respectively connected by the air passages to be installed between the rows of drawstrings in the tire casing. Tread leakage improves safety.
- the tread is connected to the pulling rope at the flexible surface, and the other flexible tread is distributed with a small hard tread surface, and the tread faces are connected by a flexible surface.
- the tread is a flexible, hard-to-face flexible surface with a wear-resistant tread.
- the high-pressure tire tread can be connected to the flexible anti-tread tread by a plurality of herringbone small hard plates to form a tread surface with a soft and hard anti-tie mesh; or a small hard plate connected to the tread and then connected to the inner positioning body of the rim Pull on the rope.
- the tread may be a layer; it may also be two layers. Or a plurality of rigid strips (stainless steel tubes) parallel to the axles are evenly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the flexible tires, and the strips are connected to the flexible tread at a certain distance along the outer circumference of the tire; each strip There are drawstrings at both ends to connect with the bead or rim, and each strip is connected with a few elastic rubber small hard strips to form a tread surface.
- the hard ground small tread surface (outer layer) and the unpressed small piece (inner layer) tread (this is the elastic pad body, which is used to isolate the tensile strain between the two treads).
- Swim space (if it is two layers of tread, it is connected by the tension rope to the bead steel wire for positioning, the flexible inner tread is usually separated from the outer layer, the inner layer tire forms a larger wavy tread surface, and the inner tread is convex Connected to the outer small hard plate tread).
- the tread outer support member is installed on the flexible tire peripheral surface with a drawstring portion, and the tread is pressed to the ground to complete the movement.
- the outer layer is composed of a flexible tread joint between the small hard plates, and the outer layer is deformed to reduce the resistance.
- the outer layer is the protective surface
- the inner layer is both the protective surface and the air pressure surface
- the inner layer wavy tread is on the outer tread, the outer semi-peripheral surface is small hard plate, the outer layer side tread is in the middle line, etc.
- the tire tire has an elastic rubber strip at the pressure ground, which connects the flexible peripheral surface of the tire and the rigid tension frame in the tire circumferential surface (connected to the rim by the radial wire of the wheel).
- the outer circumference of the elastic rubber strip of the outer circumference of the tire is connected to the surface of the outer surface of the flexible anti-stinging net, and the elastic tire is made of a plurality of elastic rubber strips between the flexible tread and the outer surface of the flexible anti-stinging net. support. (two of the rigid bearing frames on the circumference of the tire that are parallel to the axle The end is connected to a chain or a stainless steel rope. Thereby connected to the power machine, if necessary, can provide auxiliary power for the buoyancy wheel, or use for emergency braking)
- a buoyant roll-shaped tire (a variety of force-bearing frame structures capable of forming a roll-shaped tread) is provided with a steel cord or chain at the circumference of the circumference, wherein the total circumference of the roll tread is greater than the circumference of the roll diameter.
- a plurality of beams parallel to the roller shaft are evenly distributed along the circumference of the roller, which is connected to the tread and then connected to the axle plate by a roller diameter steel wire to bear the air pressure of the tread.
- the tread is formed as a semi-cylindrical convex surface between the beams, and each of the cylindrical treads is shaped like a wave when pressed against each other; when the wavy tread is flattened by the ground, the beam is still at a distance from the ground.
- the axle can pass through the tread on both sides of the tire (the structure of the gas tread is used to seal the pressurized gas), or it can be divided into two sections to separate the tire from the tread.
- the steel rope or the chain is connected one by one along the circumference of the roller; at this tension member, the radial steel rope of the roller is connected to the shaft wheel, and the radial steel ropes of the same length are connected to the axle plate to form a beam.
- the diameter is slightly longer than the diameter of the roller (referring to the diameter of the beam distributed in the tread, not the outer diameter of the roller).
- the roll diameter is defined by the roll circumference steel wire, and in the large deformation, the roll is subjected to the rope tension by the tire inner air pressure.
- the air pressure thrust pulls the upper tension rope of the tread, and the rope is connected to the axle more than the tire radius, so that the tire circumferential shape is: a slightly larger upper circular radius surface and a lower flat bottom surface, and front and rear
- the two curved faces form a symmetrical tread; this flexible tread is prone to form "floating friction".
- the steel loop or chain on the side of the tire can transmit the vehicle's control power (it makes the tread wear too much and the effect is not good).
- a steel shovel is placed on the aisle surface a few millimeters from the front of the wheel.
- the steel heavy wheel is used to flatten the small hard spikes on the road surface to protect the buoyant tread. Safe or protected by a hard track surface. Tread; or the tire has an external facing.
- a buoyant roller tread is used to mount a thin steel rope along the perimeter face beam (this rope is longer or slightly longer than the same diameter circumference).
- the fixed length steel rope and the tire-facing cross beam are symmetrically formed to form a roller diameter, which constitutes a force frame of the roller.
- the ferrule tread is bonded to the beam outside the circumference of the roller tire, and the steel tread is clamped to the beams on the tire circumferential surface by screws with a "self-locking" friction surface (shaped as the right). Bonded to the perimeter of the tire to form a plurality of semi-circular joint treads.
- the treads on both sides of the roll are bonded to the tread of the roll circumference, and the side treads are closedly bonded at both ends of the beam; or the joint is closed at the end of the beam, and the end of the beam is exposed.
- Each beam end is mounted with a fixed length steel rope connected to the wheel end of the roller shaft, and the steel beam connects the two beams symmetrically to the axle, and the distance is called the roller diameter.
- the roller shaft is mounted on the roller frame on both sides of the tire, and is pressed with the two-stage roller axial roll tread for a distance and then connected with the wheel, and the steel wire on the shaft wheel is connected to the tire peripheral beam outside the side tread (Or the cross-section of the tire is enclosed in the side tread, and the axle discs at both ends of the roller are also enclosed in the tread. Or a long roller shaft).
- the side of the tire is fixed to the side of the rim, and the steel rope in the side of the tire is clamped in the bracket of the rim and the rim groove In the card slot formed by the ring (the tread inner tension rope connecting the bead wire is distributed along the plane of the wheel diameter line and the wheel axis).
- One side of the rim can be removed by screws, press: rim fixed end face - tire side - ring groove bracket ring - tire side - rim can be installed end face assembly, screwed to form the wheel (with inner tube or no tube)
- the closed rubber ring can be installed on the rim or the inner support ring.
- the order of the tubeless tire can be: external pressure ring - tire - closed ring - rim - closed ring - tire - external pressure ring. : rim - closed ring - tire - inner support - tire - closed ring - rim. Or: rim - tire - closed ring - airtight inner support ring - closed ring - tire - rim). Or the end face of the rim cannot be disassembled, and the inner bracket ring of the rim groove is pressed by the controllable bracket to achieve the function of fastening the bead.
- a rubber sealing ring is arranged in the tire groove of the rim in which the valve is installed, and the sliding ring is pressed by the supporting frame ring in the groove, so that the outer tire and the rim are clamped and closed by the closed ring.
- the support frame ring is driven by the linkage of the moving parts, so that the parts of the support frame ring can be tightly pressed against the inner side of the bead, and the top bead is closed to the side of the rim groove.
- the controllable bracket in the rim groove has a telecontrol (such as a gear-driven rack) or an electro-mechanical control, which can be operated outside the closed rim to complete the compaction work and self-close.
- the tread circumference (the circumference corresponding to the tread beam) has a drawstring connecting the beams to participate in the tread bearing movement (or the tread length of the tread is also involved in the deformation and positioning of the tread).
- the outer tread is fixed and the outer strips of the small gas cylinders are fixed, and the tread is further taut to position the tread (the circumference of the inner tread is not required), and the inner layer
- the flexibility and elasticity of the tread can be fully utilized; at this time, a large number of small cylinder air cushions are used to isolate the road surface and the inner tread to exert elasticity (each small gas cylinder has its own valve valve), and the small surface of the horizontal road surface is deformed. Symmetrical to the gravity line of the wheel.
- the small cylinder has its own air supply system, and the small cylinder wall has The rigid and soft high-strength fibers are used as the thin tread of the anti-tie net, and the axis of the small round cylinder is parallel to the axle.
- a small hard strip for pressing the ground is mounted on the outer side of the small cylinder outside the wheel shaft, thereby serving as a fulcrum for the elastic body of the deformable small cylinder; each small cylinder surface becomes an elastic support between the tread and the road surface.
- the outer circumference of the loose tire of the flexible and high-strength fiber protective net is sheathed on the outer circumference. This round is only for buoyancy.
- a small tube densely wrapped in a tire (or rim), at Each small cylinder tread and the rim or the contact point between the tire and each cylinder surface are bonded together to form a tire (this can become a new tire with high pressure and large deformation.
- Each small cylinder has a limited pressure valve, not The tire will burst, and when the individual air cylinder leaks, the whole tire pressure is still normal.
- the small cylinder can be multiple rows along the radial direction of the wheel).
- the double tread has two outer sides and one or two inner sides of the inner middle, and two inner tubes are divided in the double outer tire.
- the middle casing of the tire (separating two inner tubes) is on the inner side of the two sides, and the spring steel is used to tighten the bead rope or the tension rope is positioned by the screw; in addition, the inner rope of the tire is used for tightening and fixing the inner side of the tire (
- the middle part of the rim of the rim is formed into a convex prism-shaped curved surface along the wheel diameter in the expanding direction, and the inner side of the middle casing of the tire casing is fastened to the rib and then fixed and positioned.
- the other side tire can still be Normal support).
- the middle lattice has a stress spring body or a rubber surface that can bear the weight (when one tire bursts, the other tire increases the bearing capacity, and the middle tire between the two inner tubes The body also plays a role).
- the double inner tube is inserted into the double outer tire; the tension rope for controlling the inner side of the outer tire is inserted into the convex surface of the middle of the tire tire groove in the relaxation, and after the inner side of the tire is installed to the correct position, the inner side of the outer tire is tightened.
- the drawstring makes the inner convex surface of the rim groove fixed to the middle of the tire casing.
- On the outer circumference of the tread there are many large-scale rubber tires supporting the ground at a certain height, in order to exert the flexibility of the outer tread.
- the flexible anti-tread tread is mounted on the rim, and the total circumference of the tire does not change when the ground is pressed (the wheel diameter is large and the tire shape is suitable).
- the deformation of the tread is made by the side of the tire. Achieved, there is a ground tread pattern on the convex surface of the tread surface between the tread steel drawstrings, and the tread near the drawstring is sufficiently flexible), and the tread has a large deformation in the cross section of the tire (the tire There are many flat-bottom elastic strips on the outside of the circumference, which are arranged at the tread without a drawstring, as the tread and the ground contact surface.)
- the tread inner rope is connected to the bead wire on both sides of the tire along the radial direction of the tire.
- the tread fold is designed and manufactured according to the maximum degree of deformation
- the tread fold is designed and manufactured according to the maximum degree of deformation
- the wheel groove spacing is 40 hidden
- cross-sectional shapes of the tire For example: The tread is between the two sides of the circle: 94. 2 hidden, the outer diameter of the tire to the edge of the circle is 34. 14 hidden, the width of the tire after pressing the ground is 40 hidden, the height 17 267 hidden, the height of the tire deformation is 16.
- the tread is a large deformation
- the tire has a thin steel mesh sealed rubber tread (with a valve, made of a pneumatic tire) Surface and closed system), the steel surface of the tire circumference is connected to the steel cylinder with large radial deformation of the wheel for positioning, and the steel cylinder ring is connected with the fixed length steel rope to form the wheel (the tire to the axle)
- the total distance is slightly longer than the rim radius).
- the steel rope is wound around the annular tire near the cross section, which is for the tire pressure resistance and positioning; the tread steel rope is divided into the near axial and the far axial rope segment)
- the fixed end (with the screw to the rope ring is fixed to the steel) Circle).
- the tread is deformed by pressing the ground, and the steel ring on both sides of the tread is elastically deformed by the steel wire traction, and the tread having the wrinkles can be more deformed.
- the large-sized air-cushion tire surface is a flexible and strong enough tread, and a protective surface (such as a crawler belt) can be added to the ground.
- the sidewall tread is a flexible and better tread capable of large deformation.
- the tread is connected by a chain into a large circle to form a tire circumference, and the connecting small shafts of the chain section are parallel with the axle, and many large circles of the same wheel diameter are composed of small flats arranged side by side to form a buoyancy wide tire. surface.
- a plurality of tension ropes parallel to the axle are connected in the spacing faces of the chains, and a plurality of tension ropes are combined with a flexible air-filled sealing surface in the chain (the tread forms a small wave-shaped moving surface, and is still flexible under high pressure).
- the rubber tread surface of the pressure tire is bonded on the outside of the chain section, and each chain also has a sprocket movement on the outside, so that each sprocket can be connected to the chain at the front and rear ends of the buoyancy wheel, which is a buoyancy tire.
- the sidewall and sealing surface are specifically composed of a flexible tread.
- Each of the chain links or the small shaft on the chain link has a drawstring attached to the axle plate to form a load-bearing wheel rope (slightly larger than the tire diameter).
- the air-cushion wheel When the air-cushion wheel is a spherical surface and has an outer layer-proof surface, it can be mounted anywhere under the vehicle for free steering shaft use. Or the spherical wheel surface is mechanically treated, and the steering shaft is installed to become the buoyancy wheel of the vehicle.
- the buoyancy wheel and the power wheel cooperate to form a wheel to achieve the load, stability, support, buoyancy, power, elasticity and safety of the vehicle.
- the tread described in this article is elastic, flexible and durable. If there is any omission in the above, please understand (can be understood according to common sense).
- Floating friction has a wide range of applications. Previously, people used similar applications but did not recognize the contents of the present invention. The project using floating friction (fourth common friction) technology is considered to be using the present invention. Make a statement.
- the bearing for the car can be assembled by the combination of parts, and the inner track of the bearing, the ball and the outer track of the two bearings are assembled and assembled; here, the self-locking screw is used for fixing to assemble the integral shaft.
- the self-locking screw used, the screw nut and the screw rod are in the direction of loosening.
- the screw pattern on the contact surface has clamping characteristics: Here, the angle between the threaded contact surface and the vertical surface of the screw rod axis, the sine function value of this angle is The coefficient of friction between the materials smaller than the contact surface is within the self-locking angle.
- the screw contact surface of the screw in the loosening direction is nearly perpendicular to the screw shaft axis;
- the shape of the thread contact surface in the tightening direction can be as usual.
- the shape and size of the thread are made to meet the mechanical requirements (the shape of the thread cross section of the parallel screw axis is a right triangle, or the sharp corner is removed as a trapezoid).
- the friction surface of the self-locking screw can also be set on the screw outer diameter surface of the screw rod.
- the micro-inclined surface of the outer diameter of the thread is specially made (this is made as needed, that is, the self-locking friction surface is made on the outer circumferential surface of the thread).
- Self-locking screws can be used in railway installations, wheels, bodywork and many places where screws are used. Taking rail screws as an example, train vibration can sometimes loosen the screws. After tightening with self-locking screws, the vibration of the train will make the screws have a tighter tendency instead of tending to loosen. The same self-locking screws have a wide range of uses.
- the floating friction force will be better when the vehicle is decelerating or temporarily used in the energy storage machinery. Brake parking is a normal process in which the vehicle loses energy. Energy-saving in the brakes to convert the movement into electrical energy is indeed energy-saving; if the car is to be restarted soon, there will be greater energy consumption.
- the energy is temporarily transferred when the car is decelerating (the floating friction support effect is better here):
- the moving energy of the car body is temporarily stored by the moving energy storage machine.
- the car transfers energy from the deceleration to the sports energy storage machine for temporary storage. This is the linkage between the inertial rotor of the emergency shift and the corresponding shifting machine (or linkage with the generator), and then the vehicle transmission is connected, and the momentum is transmitted from the wheel.
- the vehicle's kinetic energy passes through the mechanical transmission (or electromagnetic transmission) through the vehicle transmission, and is transferred to the inertial rotor motion of the energy storage (or the energy temporarily stored in the energy storage rotor is transmitted to the vehicle power machine to accelerate the vehicle).
- An inertial rotating machine is used to create a device for temporarily storing energy. If the centrifugal force of the rotor is greater than the self-supporting strength, the outer protective cover can be used for maintenance.
- the transportation cost of the above-mentioned mechanical weight is not large, and it is beneficial for energy saving for certain types of vehicles (applicable to vehicles with multiple stops, such as buses; or running vehicles with sufficient parking distance on straight roads.
- the vehicle can achieve a quick start shifting from a standstill, or the energy storage rotor is beneficial at an ultra-high speed, which is convenient but consumes a large amount of power.
- the energy storage rotor In order to stabilize the movement of the energy storage rotor, there are a plurality of moving runners positioned outside the rotor, in order to avoid the consequences of the centrifugal force due to accidental imbalance.
- the motion of the high-speed moving rotor has a large inertia. Therefore, it is necessary to use a rotor cage with a two-way rotating shaft.
- the positioning bracket for protecting the energy storage rotor is mounted on the vehicle body, and the movement operation of the vehicle within a certain range of motion does not affect the rotor. Sport and body movement are safe. Traditional brake machinery is still a must.
- the vehicle's kinetic energy is transferred to the energy storage rotor for storage; when the vehicle is re-accelerated, the energy stored in the rotor is transmitted back to the vehicle for operation, which reduces energy waste.
- the frame with two-way shaft (frame two-axis and rotor-oriented shaft.
- the three-dimensional three-axis shaft of the rotor) is equipped with a ring-shaped energy storage rotor; the outer circumference of the rotor has a plurality of pressure-bearing bearing wheels as safety positioning devices.
- the rotor is driven by the internal gear, and then the moving body of the vehicle is connected via the multi-speed shifting and the transmission; thereby the shifting causes the wheel to decelerate or accelerate, thereby causing the rotor accumulator to accelerate or decelerate.
- the energy storage rotor uses a horizontal two-way axle frame, and the horizontal axle frame is relatively moved so that the energy storage rotor does not change the rotation axis during the movement.
- This pedestal also ensures that the energy storage rotor is not affected by the small angle of the vehicle during movement (within the defined angle of the body design).
- the energy storage rotor ring rotates at 160 m/s, the ring height is 200 mm, the thickness is 20 mm, and the diameter is 1 m. It can load the vehicle's 24.6 tons of 10 m/s of energy.
- the transmission drives the multiple gears to make the joint, the shaft and the gears.
- the shaft slide key is pushed into the gear and engaged by the pole turntable.
- the shaft and each gear are engaged and shifted one by one; then the other speed system in the transmission is used to make the multi-gear shift in sequence; the transmission is stepwisely shifted until the energy between the vehicle and the energy storage machine is fully transferred.
- the use of a rotating moving body to temporarily transfer the inertial energy of the vehicle body is very beneficial for vehicles that are frequently parked or vehicles that are frequently shifted, which can reduce energy waste during normal operation of the vehicle.
- the shaft slide key is pushed into the gear keyway to realize gear shifting.
- the shifting gear in the gear transmission is positioned by the bearing, and is engaged by a movable sliding key sleeve between the inner spline groove of the gear and the spline groove of the spline shaft, and the sliding key sleeve is controlled by the slider so that the gear can be made with the shaft Connected or separated to achieve the purpose of shifting; the gears mesh with each other in the normal state, the gear shifting is the gear spline groove and the controlled sliding sleeve on the shaft to enter the connected state after a limited collision (this method can accelerate the shifting time and reduce the collision loss of the gear surface)
- the power transmission wheel is made of a spring or magnetic contact surface and a wheeled shaft to make a power connection.
- the gearbox of the wheel is adjusted under the protection of the clutch to drive the energy storage mechanical gearbox; the clutch is driven by 10 sets of gears; respectively, the gears respectively drive the energy storage rotor to move.
- the gearbox protects the gearbox of the energy storage machine and obtains the new speed.
- the 10 sets of gears are driven in turn.
- the wheel gearbox is adjusted by the clutch protection, and the new one-speed transmission is started again... until the vehicle is stopped or the energy storage rotor is stopped (ie, ideal).
- the car travels on a flat and safe road surface, and the energy storage rotor can be operated at a higher speed.
- the moving inertial energy storage rotor is driven by a multi-pole transmission that is connected via a rotating output disc that is buffered by a spring (a card with a disc mounted on the spring end between the two discs, and a card mounted on the other disc)
- a spring a card with a disc mounted on the spring end between the two discs, and a card mounted on the other disc
- the clutch movement the pressure contact is made, the motion buffer output of the variable force can be realized between the two discs) or the buffered rotary output disc of the magnetic pole is added (the two discs respectively install the magnet to transmit the torque when the two discs are close to each other, which reduces the shifting motion Impact force:
- the clutch consumes less energy in the transition of the shifting difference and the faster the mechanical shifting.
- the transmission connection of the vehicle is connected to the clutch and then connected to the energy storage machine, so that the energy storage machine is connected to the vehicle movement machine.
- the energy storage machine is separately engaged with the transmission, the vehicle power, and the vehicle's neutral position, and can be used for shifting and buffering shifting.
- the two discs transmit motion reset.
- the two poles of the magnetic pole buffer and the spring buffer can be locked to move, and the discs are unified movement.
- the locking device between the turntables of the magnetic poles may be driven by the spring end with an angled slide for constant force sliding; or the springs may drive a specific card to perform a locking movement during a specific task.
- the above connection method can also be used to drive the magnetic pole to buffer the rotating disc after the engine enters the optimal speed (in order to prevent the magnetic failure, a locking device can be installed between the rotating discs to achieve the output of motion and power in a specific situation).
- the buffer power connector and the gear inner shaft sliding key constitute the transmission.
- the engine can enter the optimal speed and then exert a large thrust on the vehicle.
- the mechanical operation scheme of such a vehicle is effective in an electric vehicle (the mechanical loss is small, and the motor system corresponds to the cost bottom).
- the inertial energy of the body of the car is driven by the wheel to move the transmission, and then transferred to the accumulator rotor through the transmission, so that the car can achieve energy-saving shifting.
- the power transfer is achieved by accumulating variable speed and intermittent transmission power to the new carrier.
- the power is composed of the magnetic clutch of the buffer clutch and the spring to form a clutch to realize the power transmission (this light mass and high speed turntable increase the power buffer, which increases the degree of connection between the two turntables in terms of speed and power difference.
- the inertia is intermittently constant, the force transmission here is constant but the speed is different.
- the transmission energy is also different (because the clutch transmission speed is large, the force transmitted between the disks can be small), and if necessary, a sliding friction clutch is added between the magnetic clutch discs (to achieve the linkage of power transmission).
- Electromagnetic transmission can be used between the clutch discs.
- This scheme is convenient to control but consumes a little more energy than mechanical conversion.
- the two sets of governors are engaged by the on-shaft sliding key sleeve of the gear to make the engagement shift (the damage of the gear teeth is smaller than that of the moving gear), two sets of gears
- the conversion realizes the corresponding connection
- the two disks of the magnetic clutch are engaged to realize the buffer shifting of the two sets of shifting machines (in order to reduce the intermittent stop time in the power transmission, two sets of clutches and the transmission can be used to make two sets of alternating clutches in parallel, realizing Entering this clutch engagement when the other clutch is disengaged).
- the rotation between the wheel and the energy-storing rotor can be changed from zero speed to high speed, which is achieved by many shifts (previous conventional mechanical shifting was difficult to achieve in a short time).
- Wheel rotation is a large friction to the ground to achieve vehicle power, which is an effective way to control the momentum of the vehicle (the electronic system controls the transmission and the buffer clutch to make the mechanical energy transfer better) .
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Abstract
浮力车轮,使用滚动的车轮(4)运动,使用长效的弹力部件(5)和柔性连接件(9)共同组成运动车轮。浮力车轮能够实现节能和减小阻力的效果。
Description
浮力车轮 技术领域
本发明属交通运输领域, 涉及气垫车尤其涉及到悬浮车的运行阻力, 也涉及 机械类和安全停靠。 背景技术
以前 PCT/CN2010/078671的发明是广泛应用在交通运输方面,是可以运行在 "水道" 、 "泥道" 、 "轨道"、 "道路"上。 也可以广泛应用在机械运动的领 域中。 在高速度中若有安装机翼做平衡车可实现"有轨道飞机"。此浮力车的技 术要点之一是(用弹力体做出运动中的浮力, 这接近运动中无能量消耗, 它是运 动的节能基础; 它做到了运动中小阻力。其中有用气体和加装为其运动所需要的 附件来产生弹力)此设备中使用气体与传统运动中使用气体有本质的不同(传统 中气体在滚动中或在滑动中是充当力的传递介质) 。 若停止气压供给上述运动, 其事实就被证明——是由力传递介质得到的力量(这与是做到弹力体得到的力量 是不相同的) 。 它与欧洲发明的封闭气压轴承 (浮力轴承)有相似之处, 也存在 着重要的区别 (欧洲发明的浮力轴承, 轴面封闭特别精密。 本发明封闭系统可以 构成较大的移动范围, 形成了更大范围的浮力封闭运动) 。 所以它的用途广泛: 可以应用在存在"滚动或滑动"摩擦支撑面的运动地方,它能实现运动中节能(它 是处在现知世界的领先境地; 此发明是为了进入特定的浮力运动中, 实现人们从 未认识到的, 即物理学中未曾有过的记录, 第四种 "常用的"摩擦力: 浮动摩擦 力——它有滑动、 滚动形式, 其本质是节能和有弹力体做浮力组合运动, 由此形 成新型的摩擦力。 本发明不是延续传统的浮力, 也超过了传统摩擦力的品质。 它 是在运动形成摩擦力的过程中加入了节能的浮力,组成了人们未曾认识到的新型 摩擦力——浮动摩擦力。 不是因为它新奇, 才有人认知到它。 它原本就有, 只是 没有人去认识到它) 。它是立足于传统摩擦力, 是在人为制造的运动中跨过了原 有摩擦力, 而组成新的浮动的摩擦力。本发明是把前文的发明内容做了进一步改 进的发明。 在停车过程中用到节能技术以前就有, 这里做了进一步改进, 使车辆 节能更加实用方便。 发明内容
本发明的目的是为减少行车功耗, 增加运输量和车安全使用范围。
本发明要保证运动物体做出浮动运动, 由运动物体及其运动附件所产生的 摩擦力, 在 PCT/CN201 0/078671发明书中此被称为浮动摩擦力 (它是在人造的 节能浮动运动中形成的摩擦力, 它与天然漂浮运动中存在的摩擦力完全不相 同)。 是由人为做成的此种组合摩擦力来完成运动物体的浮动运动(实现节能和 小阻力), 此运动外观有滚动和滑动两种形式, 此物体运动方式是用浮力来实现 节能运动。 本文内容是 PCT/CN201 0/078671 发明的后续发明 (下面内容涉及 CN/201010538955 4;台湾申请号: 101115243和 CN/201210457272、 5, 的相关 技术。 如果是常识或是别人发明已经表述过的内容, 这里就不再表述) 。
有浮动支撑力的柔性运动车轮, 在轮轴到地面之间正确加装能产生浮力的 弹力体来实现。 实现连接弹力件做成变形运动中小消耗能量, 需要在受力件之 间做特定的柔性件连接。 柔性件在变形运动中消耗能量是浮力轮消耗能量的主 要部分。 以往轮与胎如同是一体, 气体功能是传递支撑力和做车体减振;它与本 发明用气体做 "弹力体"和在 "浮动运动"中做浮力是有本质区别 (因为传统胎 面不能达到必需的柔性要求, 所以胎面缺少 "弹力体"需必备的柔性运动) 。
下面是滚动中有浮动摩擦力存在的间接证据:
1、如果压地的是 10mm半径小轮, 在它轴位再与 90mm长支撑杆做径向连接, 由许多个此种组件组成一个 100mm半径的整体大轮(压地小轮由支撑杆连接成有 整体支架的大轮)。 一个小轮在压地时, 如果大轮在大轮轴位置对应水平运动方 向加上 1个单位的作用力, 在小轮的轮轴位置就产生 10个单位的作用力。 此结 果是: 小轮在接触地面的运动阻力虽然大, 但此大轮运动的总体阻力与相同摩擦 系数的同径大轮相同 (动力作用在此大径轮的轴位置, 在这里做演示实验: 小轮 与路面真实摩擦力不等于此大轮总体运动真实摩擦力数值)。
2、 如果压地小轮的小轮轴与支撑杆为一体, 小轮与小轮轴之间有尽量小的 摩擦力 (如欧洲发明的浮力轴承), 用此支撑杆来构成大轮的径向固定架。 若把 在运动中的动量变化有效存储做到能够再利用 (或能使运动构件做出正确的运 动, 使此运动能量消耗最小),此时,大轮整体的运动能量的用量可以近于零(小 轮确是压在地面但没有滚动, 大轮在整体运动中出现很小的摩擦力。各小轮的运 动是做交替压在地面, 确实与地面没有运动; 假设此时大轮整体在动量转化过程
中没有损耗。 各小轮沿大轮轴线如螺丝线形排布, 小轮的轴间距可以很近)。
3、 在第 2项实验的基础上, 支撑杆沿大轮的径向可以做到弹力变形, 就可 以有多个小轮能同时在做压地运动。大轮整体运动时, 各压地小轮做出移动并不 同步。 如果许多压地小轮所对应大轮的轴心角度是 20度, 按多个小轮运动的总 消耗能量计算; 如果有相同滚动摩擦系数的大轮以此能量消耗运行相同距离, 此 大轮对应轮径与由小轮运动组合成的滚动大轮的轮径是可以不相同的!
上述三个实验都说明滚动摩擦力与滚动运动是形式上有对应关系,不是本质 中的依存关系 (不是 "天衣 "无缝)。 上述运动中, 滚动摩擦力的具体数值是可 以被有效的方法所超越 (是可以用事实来说明)。 滚动摩擦力不是做出滚动运动 中的唯一结果, 在此基础上是可以诞生滚动形式的浮动摩擦力(滚动运动中确实 有使用浮动摩擦力的空间, 只是需要人为的做出正确的使用就可以做到)。
本次发明是对浮力车附件的发明。 发明内容简述如下:
1、车使用滚动的车轮运动。 由人为使用长效的弹力悬浮体和柔性的连接件, 共同组成有浮动支撑体的运动车轮。 此种车轮可以形成节能和小阻力的摩擦力, 是人为改造浮动而生成的节能的摩擦力。 车轮有附件根据车的需要执行具体功 能。 浮力车辆是由平衡、 运动、 动力和安全的部件共同来组成。
2、 所述有浮动支撑体的运动车轮:
( 1 ) 沿着轮体的外圆周边分布着在轮径向弹力架, 在此架接近压地端安装 有柔性面的大变形弹力小球囊, 由此做成的车轮是用压地的浮力支撑件做支撑。 此浮力轮包含有柔性运动的弹力支撑移动体。
( 2) 弹力体支撑在有柔性运动的支撑体上组成运动车轮。 弹力体可以是由 于限位产生的预应力弹簧; 或是耐压的气压缸活塞体; 或是用柔性胎面的气压弹 力体。 柔性运动体可以是柔性囊面的气压弹力体; 或是柔性囊面的液压弹力体; 或是有预应力的弹簧体。此轮体转动中, 运动支撑体在接触地面的受压面构成有 柔性和弹力共同作用的运动。
( 3) 弹力体支撑在有柔性连接点做定位体支点的支架, 以此组成部件作为 压地的轮的弹力支撑架; 用此在路面上支撑起运动的车轮体。此弹力支撑架与轮 体弹力架相连接组成有浮力的车轮。
(4) 由弹性硬质可变形的轮外层筒与筒内弹力体, 组成压地时可变形的筒
弧面车轮。由此使得此轮在路面滚动摩擦阻力因为使用了弹力体的浮动压力而被 改变。 其中, 压力弹力体可以是由筒内面封闭的移动气垫压力; 或是柔性的浮力 气胎; 或是弹簧架组成的浮力转轮; 或是气压缸活塞体组成的浮力转轮。
( 5 ) 有柔性面的弹力内胎是安装在有防扎面的柔性外胎面内。 在内胎的内 圆周胎面有紧套是紧固在轮圈上, 再由轮圈安装在轮轴上组成浮力轮。 内胎的外 圆周胎面与轮圈上的紧套之间有密布的轮径向的柔性拉力绳连接,在内胎的两侧 圆环面之间有密布的柔性的拉力绳做连接。
( 6 ) 抗扎的外胎面压在地面时做出受力变形, 侧胎面是与此配合做出柔性 变形; 此胎内有柔性拉力绳在轮径与轮轴线所在平面内做成弧形绳段, 此绳两端 紧固在外胎边的钢绳上,在此弧形绳段上连接有柔性的直线拉力绳连接在压地外 胎面和侧胎面上; 此外胎面可做成封闭外胎面或是装有特制内胎的外胎面。
3、 所述运动部件: 浮力车的车胎。 其中, 车胎是用柔性好的和承受气 压的外胎面, 其侧胎面的柔性更为重要。浮力的柔性车轮外胎面, 可以有连接在 轮圈的定位体用拉力绳牵拉于外胎面, 此外胎内也可有多内胎来提高车胎安全。
或轮圈经拉力绳对防刺外胎面牵拉使外胎圆周线呈波浪形曲面, 在波浪形 胎面的外凸面连接硬胎块, 硬胎块之间连接柔性防扎网面组成柔性轮胎外层面。 或胎周面外连接有弹性橡胶条压与地面, 这是为胎面做出弹力和柔性支撑。
或浮力的辊形胎在周长边安装钢绳或链条, 在胎周面拉力件上连接径向钢 绳与辊轴上套的轮盘相连, 各等长钢绳连接轮盘后略长于轮半径。此大变形辊胎 面成为由胎面的内气压使轮轴受到拉力的辊。或由梁杆连接胎外周面, 由拉绳连 接轮轴套与受力梁杆。 或轮胎外周侧边由安装链条来加入胎面的控制动力。
或由有自锁摩擦面螺纹的螺丝, 用压条将胎周面与胎周面的拉力件做固 定, 组成联合的半圆形面的胎周波浪形外胎面;
或是把外胎边固定在轮圈边, 如: 轮圈槽内用可控支架紧固胎面边做到密 闭;
或是轴轮盘由拉绳连接于胎面梁杆, 在梁杆固定的胎面外再固定充气小圆 柱筒, 在小圆筒面离轴远端固定有用于压地的支撑小硬条; 或在各充气小圆柱 筒外由防扎网组成紧绷的外胎防护面; 或在普通胎面或在轮圈面外, 沿外周面 有间距的布满弹力小圆柱气筒, 小筒自成供气压系统, 小筒壁是有刚、 柔的高
强纤维做防扎网的薄胎面, 小圆长筒的轴线平行于轮轴, 小圆筒面外的离轮轴 远端安装有用于压地的支点小硬条; 或在各小筒外端套有柔性好和高强纤维网 的防护松弛网的外胎圆周面; 或是小圆筒密布在轮胎或轮圈外, 在各小圆筒胎 面与轮圈或轮胎及各筒面之间有接触点做连接, 合作组成一体的气胎面; 小圆 筒是沿胎周线排布, 按照轮的径向可以是一排或是多排做分布;
或是在分隔的外胎内装入分立的双内胎为防止轮外胎面爆胎引发的后果; 或外胎面内有拉力绳是近于垂直连于胎边的钢绳, 近于沿胎面横截面分 布, 由胎面做出的褶皱来实现运动胎面的柔性;
或有密封橡胶胎面由在胎面两侧有轮径向可大变形的钢圈做定位, 胎面由 两侧钢圈在拉力绳牵拉下做褶皱变形; 钢圈再由定长钢绳连接轮轴套组成车 轮;
或在刚质轮下压有大变形的浮力气垫轮, 两轮同步滚动再压于路面, 共同 组成了压地滚动的大变形气垫的浮力车轮; 或有履带等保护面装在气垫轮外 面;
或由多链条连接和由多组并排组成宽的浮力胎面大圆周, 此里面连接拉力 绳组成受力网及连接里面的胎面做承力架; 链条与轮轴套之间有定长钢绳做连 接来承担轮轴拉力; 或在链条外面连接压地的外胎面, 由链轮在外胎的前、 后 端面由外胎面留下的链条齿槽中做运行, 由此传递对轮胎的动力。
4、 所述车安全部件: 车在组装中用到有自锁摩擦面螺纹的螺丝, 此螺丝母 与螺丝杆在向松开方向的螺丝纹是在接触面有特点,此处螺纹接触面是在与螺丝 杆轴线的垂直面构成交角, 其角度正弦函数值小于接触面材质的摩擦系数, 即在 物理学的自锁角度内;即:螺丝在松开方向的螺纹接触面与螺丝杆轴线近于垂直, 在拧紧方向的螺纹接触面的形状可以不同;螺纹形状及尺寸按照满足力学要求作 至 lj,如:平行螺杆轴线的螺纹截面形状是直角三角形,或是去掉此尖角呈现梯形; 自锁螺丝的摩擦面也可以设在螺丝杆的螺丝外径面上,由此特制出螺纹外径面是 微倾斜面; 自锁螺丝可以为许多固定零件所使用,如组装轴承、车轮、 电动机等, 所以用途广泛。
5、 所述动力部件: 车减速中把车运动能量转移到有浮动摩擦力的蓄能机械 中做暂存, 由大变速的惯性转子与对应的变速机械或电动机做联动, 将车运动能
量由车动力变速经由电磁或由机械传递转移到蓄能转子的运动中;或是把暂存在 蓄能运动转子中的能量转回到车动力机械, 使车得到加速; 由此构成经转动机械 作成暂时存储能量的装置; 若转子的离心力大于自身承载力时, 可用高气压外保 护罩来维护;车承担上述机械重量,其运输成本不大,所以适用于车做节能运行, 高速惯性转子的护架是有立体三向定位轴做到保持转子的稳定。 用机械联动变 速; 或电动机在低速中为惯性转子做快变速或在超高速时为其做变速都有益, 方 法方便但耗电较大。
6、 所述动力部件: 在齿轮变速器中的变速齿轮是由轴承定位, 在齿轮的内 花键槽与花键轴的花键槽之间由滑键套来接合,由滑键套受控滑动使齿轮与轴做 连接或分离而达到变速目的; 齿轮常态时彼此啮合, 齿轮变速是由滑键套受控移 动与花键槽做有限碰撞后进入连接。
7、 所述动力部件是缓冲离合器: 惯性蓄能转子是由多极变速器带动实现能 量转移, 是经过弹簧缓冲转盘或磁极缓冲转盘来与离合器连接, 两个缓冲盘之间 是由磁极或弹簧压紧卡片来组成两盘联动,由此连接到运动机械中实现动力的缓 冲变速; 此连接方式可以做有缓冲运动的调速或变速; 或当发动机到达最佳转速 后来带动磁极缓冲转盘或弹簧缓冲转盘以及离合器, 做成带动车变速机械来运 动; 或把车体运动能量经车轮带动变速器, 再经变速器转移到蓄能转子运动中, 车因此被节能变速。 附图说明
图 1是小球囊浮力支撑在运动车轮下的剖面, 轮 4, 柔性球面 5与地面接触 点 1, 2, 3, 轮的径向弹力架 9。 图 2是弹力体 (气胎) 在变形车轮筒套内运动 剖面图, 变形滚动轮筒套 6, 承担重力浮力气胎 7, 动力胎 8作用点实现与变形 筒中轴线移开一定距离, 此动力矩作用在变形后的轮面半径上 。 具体实施
1、 使用滚动车轮运动的浮力车, 是人为使用长效的弹力悬浮体和柔性的连 接件, 来组成有浮动支撑体的运动车轮。此种车轮可以形成节能和小阻力的摩擦 力, 是因为人为改造浮动而生成的节能的摩擦力。车轮有附件根据车的需要执行 具体功能; 浮力车辆是由平衡、 运动、 动力和安全的部件共同来组成。
2、 【1】在车轮体的外周长线上均布着向轮径向做变形的弹力架 (由此做向
轮径向的弹力运动, 为承担轮压地轮的变形部位)。 沿轮轴线方向分布有多组此 种轮体弹力架, 各组弹力架在整体上做到各组架是交错地排序。此架的柔性弹力 体是安装在可变形弹力支架的压地端——形状如同是由寛形镊子所控制,此镊子 架的外侧有可调节的弹簧是为调整此弹力架,以适应此轮体的压力和变形的具体 需要; 此弹力架下端安装有高强度的能够做出大变形的柔性小球囊面, 此囊面内 包裹的是压力气体或压力液体以此组成柔性弹力体;由此成为浮力车轮的具体压 地面的浮力支撑件(此处浮力变形体满足车轮所在位置、 自身变形、 移动及弹力 的需要和压力变化的要求而设计)。 浮力变形体用弹力支撑架在轮面与地面之间 做到支撑起运动轮, 组成浮动轮, 此浮动体做出弹性变形(是做有规律的弹性变 形, 不是滚动。此球囊面做出变形是需要按照最小摩擦力; 使变形球囊在定位的 变形弹力架的定位中做到受控运动)以此实现大轮滚动(因此减少了大轮做滚动 运动中的摩擦力)。
此车轮转动中浮力支撑运动体的小球囊面在轮运动过程中, 如剖面图 1 所 示: 轮 4的运动使柔性支撑球面 5的 1点接触到地面进入弹力支撑状态, 此接触 点与地面接触不变时, 随轮体运动使球面的 2点进入到压地的接触面, 轮体继续 运动使球面的 3点进入压地接触面。随轮体继续运动球面各点依次离开作为压地 面的支撑点。轮在运动过程中弹力体受压而成为变形小球面(是事先设定轮的压 力、囊面变形和位置移动中, 由柔性面的液压囊或气压囊上的可调节弹力架下做 出弹性变形, 以此实现轮体的转动), 囊面在轮下运动能做到受压和移动都对称 于车轮 (形成的弹力是对称于车轮)。 在球囊面 (面薄、 柔而强韧) 因轮体运动 而受压变形的运动中, 球囊面运动所消耗能量越小此浮力轮运动耗能就越少(囊 面的变形运动是弹力运动, 它与滚动运动有区别, 所以正确处置可以产生出浮动 的摩擦力)。 变形镊子状的弹力架上的转轴由拉力绳与车轮径向弹簧架 9做柔性 连接, 实现运动中在轮径向做变形的弹力杆自身角度可以不变, 或者做出微小变 动来适应轮的特定运动状态。 球囊面(呈现圆筒形)在镊子形弹力架控制中实现 体形变化, 达到由球囊位移和变形来满足轮体运动的需要。
柔性囊做压力变形和轮在各压地的柔性囊做压力分配,是根据预先设计条件 做出特定控制以达到运动要求。 压力囊与地面之间可以安装履带作为防护。
【2】 由弹力体支撑在有柔性运动体的连接点上 (此点可以是: 类似欧洲发
明的浮力轴承, 或是本发明使用的拉力绳或柔性囊面做连接)组成运动车轮。 弹 力体可以是做限位的 (形成预应力的)弹簧, 或是耐压的气压缸活塞体, 或是柔 性囊面内加装气压(或液压)做成弹力体。 把弹力体连接柔性的运动体上, 运动 体可以是柔性囊面内有气压(或液压) 的弹力体, 或是有预应力的弹簧体。 用两 者组成转动的轮体, 轮在受压局部中构成既有柔性又有弹力的相对运动体, 由此 使弹性和柔性在轮的运动中得到充分发挥。
上面方案可以有多种具体的实施设计, 下面举一个实施例子:
用浮动摩擦力做成车轮轴承。 在车轮圈外固定弹力气胎 (做为弹力体), 气 胎面是波浪形外圆周胎面,波浪形胎周面是经由轮径向拉力绳网连接到轮圈固定 构成。胎周面密布的轮径向拉力绳网与胎面连接点处(此处是胎周面构成波浪形 胎面的成因), 在此处的面外端连接做大变形的小气压囊 (或是柔性和弹性结合 的运动体), 使得柔性的气压囊(弹力体之一)能在地面与气胎面(弹力体之二) 之间实现隔离, 由此组成既有双弹性又有两者间柔性的相对运动的浮力车轮(形 成滚动形式的浮动摩擦力)。 此变形气压囊 (或液压囊) 的内压和同时压地囊面 个数及体积变形, 都与对应轮压力的设计相关(有对应设计的数值, 来做合理的 对应匹配)。
浮动面的车轮与常规滚动车轮在运动中有所不同, 所以能超越滚动摩擦力。 此胎面可以单独使用, 也可在此轮胎外面加装防护的大外胎面做保护(如履带)。
双弹力的柔性组合方案不只是适用于气胎,也有多种方案可以组合成有复合 弹力体的车轮。 这类方案是增大轮的柔性达到更好发挥弹力体的作用。
【3】轮体径向杆支撑架经过柔性连接点与支撑在路面的支架弹力体做连接。 在压地的弹力支撑架压地时 (架上弹力近于垂直于地面), 各压地的支架之间可 以有小角度变形, 也可以不做有角度运动组成浮力车轮。 以下面事实为例, 压在 地面的各支撑架沿轮运动方向排列, 架对应轮的中心角度若小于 5度时, 压在地 面的轮支架对应在轮的径向有一定运动 (由弹力体变形实现), 而对应轮周线的 间距变化却不大 (垂直地面方向变化大, 平行地面方向变化小), 如:
( 1 )轮体压在路面的支撑架形状如同倒 T字, 在支架上有 "浮动"转轴(平 时此轴在轮体内做定位旋转, 使得支架运行在轮的任何角度始终处于压地体态, 此架对地有移动却不旋转。支架压地时由开关让此转轴处于浮动中, 支架离地时
由开关复位此转轴做正常运动)使架对轮体做转动和定位。支架不压地时, 支架 上在轴位置有链轮与链条做定位(链条由轮体上的链轮做定位, 再与各支架上的 链轮做定位)。 压地支架上的弹力体由拉力绳连接到在轮体径向架的支点上, 用 柔性连接组成车轮(压地支架在压地运动中弹力体承担轮体压力, 被压地面对应 于轮中心角度是小角度时, 拉绳连接压地支架与轮体径向架, 此绳几乎做平行移 动来完成支撑轮压地运动), 当轮压地时架的定位轴处在浮动中(此时链条放松, 压地支架与轮体的径向架由连接绳做柔性拉接来承担轮压力)。
( 2)多个压地架所压地面对应大轮中心角度较大时(如大于 5度), 大轮平 动要慢些 (或转速要加快, 此两项速度是有小速度差), 才能适应压地架的数量 与轮体对应径压杆在移动中匹配。 压地弹力支架和轮压杆之间有拉力绳做连接, 运动中各架的连接绳彼此间是有小角度变化, 此角度变化对称于轮重心垂线(当 支架接触地面瞬间有水平运动存在, 此运动中有能量小损失存在, 但整体轮结构 损失能量不大), 此状态中轮的运动能量损失大于前一种浮力轮消耗。
( 3) 若把压地支架接触地面的平面制造成一段圆周弧面。 把各段等径圆弧 面安装在各压地支架底平面上;把多组轮体架沿轮的轴线按多组压地支架的运动 做出均布排开 (各组支架的压地点安照衔接和交错做出排开)。 当各支架压地时 所对应轮轴中心角度设定后(根据轮压力大小, 由调整弹力体的受力值来实现设 计轮的压地形态), 压地支架在不压地运动时由链条控制实现此对称运动 (近于 不变形, 是小角度移动, 是与轮重心线做对称移动), 此压地支架在压地运动中 是做出小角度转动(假设支架浮力轴心与圆弧面的圆心重合, 支架在弹力状态中 所做弹力体的对称运动和支架接触地都不损失能量), 各压地支架按圆弧面压地 做出微小角度转动消耗能量不大(此圆弧运动是为适应大轮的轮体运动, 此运动 由特定动力机构去完成), 此大轮在整体浮动中运动消耗能量不大。
上述实例, 各浮动轮的运动摩擦阻力都小于同等轮径滚动轮的摩擦力数值。 【4】在硬质的可变形的弹力外层筒套内安装相对移动的压力弹力体, 组成 改变轮周弧面的浮力车轮, 此轮面与路面的滚动摩擦阻力值可以被人为有限改 变。 其中筒内弹力体可以是: 在两者相对移动中做封缝的气垫; 或是柔性的浮力 气胎; 或是用弹簧架组成的转动轮; 或是用气压缸组成的转动轮。 外层轮的筒套 (筒壁如是: 低碳钢、 或是纯铁、 或是碳纤维工程塑料制成)边由安装在车体的
定位小轮做定位, 使得此筒在变形运动中受控于车厢的车轮架内。筒内的弹力体 支撑在轮轴上, 由此做浮力定位; 车轮轴 (可以是浮力轴) 由车轮架定位。
弹力体压在变形轮的外筒套内做运动,此两者间的运动摩擦力小于滚动的摩 擦阻力。变形的轮筒套压在支撑路面上做变形, 此段圆弧面所对应圆半径大于原 轮筒套半径。 此时, 轮筒套内压力如果简单来自轮轴, 其轮筒套与路面的摩擦力 依旧是原来的滚动摩擦力; 如果轮筒套内压力是弹力体做到了重力横移, 此轮筒 套与路面的滚动摩擦力就小于原来滚动摩擦力(筒与路面是滚动摩擦力关系, 筒 内压力是做出浮动摩擦力, 此影响到变形后的筒面对路面滚动摩擦力的具体数 值; 否则, 筒面变形不影响与路面的滚动摩擦力数值)。 此是浮动重力、 平向推 力合成为压在变形圆弧面上的压力, "由此分解出的动力矩是对应于变形后的弧 面半径, 滚动摩擦力是被改变"。 仅以下面事实为例 (不做更全面表述)。
( 1 ) 人为的在轮筒套的内下壁做出滑动气垫的封缝, 用此气垫施压在变形 的运动筒内壁做出相对运动,此气垫的封缝面与轮筒套内面做出滑动封缝有小摩 擦力。 因轮筒套受压变形的弧面内的压力, 是由筒内最底面的中心气垫向着运动 方向做出微小的位移,此结果使浮动重力产生对变形轮的作用力是作用在变形弧 面中 (对应变形后弧面半径)。 所以, 轮筒套对路面的滚动阻力确是变小 (如果 不是浮动力作用,就没有这样的结果。浮动压力在变形面上做移动是明确的表现, 已变形的轮筒套面对浮动力产生的反作用力也是有力的证明;即筒的反作用力根 本不是来源于原来的筒径, 而是对应于变形后的圆弧面的半径。 由此构成轮筒在 路面的滚动摩擦力是小于原来筒的滚动摩擦力,用浮力和推力做复合起到的作用 是达到小滚动摩擦力)。 若没有浮动力就达不到此结果。
为气垫封缝所付出的滑动摩擦力, 加上滚动弧面变形而变小的滚动摩擦力 (是由压在变形圆弧面上的浮动的推力来实现), 可以小于原来轮筒套面的滚动 摩擦力。 此运动适应在无缝轨道或小缝(或小颠簸)轨道上应用, 此方法可在原 有设备中做出有限改装 (成本不大), 就可以大量而有效地减少运输中的耗能。
轮筒套在两端面由柔性布面做防尘封闭(两端筒圈露在外面由定位轮完成定 位工作), 相关车辆可应用在特定的交通运输领域中。
( 2 ) 前例是在筒壁面内使用封缝的气垫, 此滚动轮筒套内的气垫不利于行 驶在颠簸运动中。本例发明是用柔性的气胎安装在轮筒套内做运动, 气胎由车的
浮力轴承做固定, 气胎外径小于轮筒套的内径一定数值, 使得气胎在轮筒套内变 形和移动不受限制。 气胎面在密布轮径向拉力网的牵拉中实现胎面做柔性运动 (在胎内气体的弹力中实现胎面弹力,胎面自身既薄又柔韧与轮圈之间由拉力网 做柔性连接, 目的是胎面更好发挥柔性和弹性), 圆胎外周长线与胎径向拉力网 面连接中构成一定角度, 既不是 90度也不是 0度 (此角度在胎面受压时使轮圈 的受力形成均匀过渡, 既是柔性过渡就不使力量呈波动形振动)。 轮轴和轮圈压 在气胎中, 气胎压在轮筒套内形成变形筒。柔性气胎面压在变形的圆弧面内做出 浮动运动 (胎面与筒套内面两者间做变形和相对运动, 此运动阻力小。 两者共同 做统一运动产生的压地滚动阻力也小于原来筒径的滚动摩擦力,即浮动重力不是 在原来轮筒重心位置作用, 此是由推力合成使重力在浮动中位移), 此时推动浮 动气胎使变形轮筒套做出压地的滚动,滚动此浮动轮胎付出的推力小于原轮径轮 筒套压地的滚动摩擦力(压地变形的圆弧面上所对应的滚动摩擦阻力与下面因素 有关: 压地变形圆弧面运动要克服支撑面的滚动阻力矩不变, 变形圆弧面上作用 的重压动力是在推力中做浮动移位,此推力受到变形圆弧面在运动中的阻力矩是 小于重力做浮动位移而产生的重力矩。用此合成浮动力来参与变形面的滚动摩擦 力, 是有这样结果——浮动力参与滚动摩擦力形成中)。
弹力体气胎压在轮筒套内做浮力运动,此时变形筒套的压地滚动阻力小于以 往。做出此种阻力的改变适应于有缝铁道运输; 气胎与轮筒套共同做滚动也适合 在平整和有一定颠簸的路面中运动。此方案是针对现有轨道交通或有缝铁路做出 的改进, 它是有巨大的收益。 在铁路交通的改造中, 铁轨上的轮筒套形状是: 压 在轨道的可变形筒套中段的外壁是稍厚窄面(从筒中段向筒两端的筒套壁厚度逐 渐减薄), 被气胎面 (或气垫)压在圆弧寛面筒套内组成特定形状的宽面筒套(是 为满足力学和变形要求的筒面)。 气胎和轮筒套加装在车厢和轨道之间来承担车 辆的大部分重量。用轨道定位车轮来对车辆做出动力或制动力的输出。在变形轮 筒套外加装联动轮, 也能实现为了车辆参与动力或制动力的需要。
弹力体与轮筒套之间是依附的组合关系,所以有许多种运动组合形式。图 2, 是变形轮筒套与柔性气胎体的运动局部剖面图。压在轨道上滚动的变形轮筒套 6, 承担重力的浮力气胎面 7压在筒内做滚动;推力使浮力气胎重心 8依靠变形筒面 离开变形筒面的原中轴线, 浮力气胎在变形后的筒面内滚动, 此变形筒面和浮力
气胎移动后所得到的动力矩大于传统轮运动(气胎压在变形筒面的对应面在瞬时 对应轮心半径是大于传统轮径, 气胎所对应的作用动力矩就大于传统轮, 此滚动 阻力就小于传统轮。 其中, 气胎中心 01, 原筒中心 0, 变形被压筒面对应的中心 02)。
【5】此项是针对以前浮力车发明中相关内容的具体改进发明 (以前有在封 闭的外胎中做出相似处置, 或是在特殊的外胎中加入普通的内胎, 现在是专对内 胎做处置就达到更好效果; 这里外胎只是做为柔性的防扎保护面, 它与以前的外 胎存在品质和性质的区别)。 内胎外圆周的柔性内胎面由轮径向的密布拉力绳与 为安装在轮圈上的紧套做相连(内胎内圆周上有紧套是为紧固在轮圈上, 由轮圈 用其附件对内胎的紧套做紧固), 各拉力绳连接内胎外周面的各点上, 在胎周面 上排列构成小的菱形(或小三角形) 图案。 此胎面(面内有拉力网使胎面构成柔 性抗拉力胎面) 由气压和绳拉力共同作用形成小菱形(或小三角形) 的凸起形胎 面, 在压地变形中此胎面菱形(或三角形) 图案有所改变(对应的拉力绳有相应 位置改变)。 此胎面在运动的前后方向对应胎面的变形在总体上是对称的, 胎面 因为有充分的柔性, 所以胎面运动能使胎体进入浮动的运动中, 此胎摩擦力小于 常用车胎滚动摩擦力。内胎两侧圆环形柔性胎面由垂直于轮径向的拉力绳做出两 对面拉接, 柔性侧胎面也组成小菱形(或小三角形) 的凸起形胎侧面(便于侧胎 面变形)。 用此种胎周面和胎侧面组成有柔性面的弹力内胎面。
有防扎网的柔性面组成浮动气胎的外胎面, 把内胎安装在轮圈和轮轴上, 再 加装外胎就组成浮动轮胎, 由此安装在运输工具中, 用来承担车载主要重力。 此 方案比以前浮力车中的同类方案效果更好 (以前方案比此有具体劣势存在)。
【6】有胎纹的平整抗扎外胎圆周面压在地面时做出受力柔性变形, 对应在 胎内的承力绳做出相应变形, 侧胎面(平时是存有较多褶皱的曲面)也与此配合 做出柔性变形, 由此使得轮圈与轮胎的外圆周面之间形成柔性的相对运动。在外 胎内空间有柔性拉力绳是在轮径与轮轴线所在平面内做成弧形绳段,此绳两端紧 固在外胎边的承力钢绳上,在此绳段上连接有柔性的直线拉力绳是连接在压地外 胎面和侧胎面上, 用此形成对作用在外胎面的胎内气压产生牵引力(所以直线拉 绳分布较密)。 外胎面可以做成与轮圈形成封闭的外胎面来使用; 也可以做成普 通外胎, 是有特定形状的内胎加装在外胎面中来使用。
3、 浮力车所用车轮胎可以有多种, 若要在滚动运动中实现浮动摩擦力必需 作到: 在使用中浮力胎面要体现出足够柔性和弹力及长久性的 "弹力体"特征。
其中, 有浮力的车胎面是有很好柔性和承受气压的车轮外胎面, 在侧胎面柔 性更为重要。轮圈上有固定的定位体在此用拉力绳牵拉外胎面(胎面内有防刺透 网), 有多个内胎用气道相通把各自安装在外胎内各排拉绳之间, 此预防胎面漏 气提高安全。或是外胎面连接牵拉绳处是柔性面, 其余柔性胎面中分布有小块的 硬胎纹面, 各胎纹面之间是柔性面连接。外胎面是柔、 硬相间的有耐磨外胎面的 柔性面。 用力在胎的前、 后端面做向下、 上 (或向前) 方向驱动促成胎面转动。 或是无内胎的外胎由胎边与轮圈做出密合封闭 (也可做胶粘), 在轮圈安装气门 嘴组成充气轮胎。外胎面与轮圈经由拉力绳牵拉, 使得防刺透外胎面沿轮胎外周 长线呈现波浪形曲面; 波浪形胎面在外凸面连接有硬胎块(此处也可连接向胎内 径向拉力绳)。高压力轮胎面可以用许多人字形小硬板块连接在柔性防扎胎面中, 组成柔、硬相间有防扎网的外胎面; 或连接胎面外小硬板再连接于轮圈内定位体 的拉力绳上。 这种外胎面可以是一层; 也可以是两层。 或在防扎的柔性轮胎外圆 周面均布连接着平行于轮轴的众多硬质小条(不锈钢管), 各小条沿胎外周长每 间隔一定距离与柔性胎面做连接; 每个小条两端有拉绳与胎边或轮圈做连接, 每个小条外面连接着几个弹力的橡胶小硬条面组成压地胎纹面。压地硬质小块胎 纹面 (外层)与未压地小片 (内层)胎面 (此是弹性垫体, 为隔离两层外胎面之 间做拉力应变)之间平时存在很大的游移空间(若是两层外胎面, 由拉力绳连接 到胎边钢绳做定位, 柔性内层胎面平时与外层分开, 内层胎形成更大波浪形胎周 面, 内层胎面在凸面处连于外层小硬板块胎面) 。或胎面外支撑件安装在柔性胎 周面有拉绳部位, 胎面压地时靠柔性完成运动。在各小硬板块之间由防扎柔性胎 面连接组成外层, 外层胎变形是为减少阻力。外层是保护面, 内层既是保护面又 是承担气压面(内层波浪形胎面在与外层胎面、外层胎周面小硬板处、 外层侧胎 面中位线等处做到曲线的连接; 两层胎面其它地方在压地时或做到接触) 。或轮 外胎在压地面处有弹性橡胶条,此条连接车胎柔性周长面和胎周长面内刚性拉力 架(由轮径向拉绳连接于轮圈)上。 或胎周长面外弹性橡胶条的外面连接柔性防 刺透网的外胎周长面压于地面,在柔性外胎面与柔性防刺透网外面胎之间由许多 弹性橡胶条做出弹力和柔性支撑。 (在胎周长面各平行于轮轴的刚性承力架的两
端连接链条或不锈钢绳。由此连接到动力机械,必要时可为浮力轮做出辅助动力、 或做紧急刹车用)
或浮力的辊形胎(能形成辊形胎面的受力框架结构有很多种)在周长边安装 钢绳或链条, 其中辊胎面总周长大于辊径的周长。 这里讲述(举例)由平行于辊 轴的众多横梁在沿辊周长做均匀分布,它连接胎面再由辊径钢绳连接到轮轴盘来 承担胎面的气压力。胎面在横梁之间做成半圆柱形凸出面, 各圆柱形胎面在彼此 挤压中形如波浪形; 波浪形胎面被地面压平时, 此处横梁离地面仍有距离。 轮轴 可以从胎两侧胎面穿过(气胎面做成封闭压力气体的结构), 也可以作成两段轴 分居在胎外两侧不穿过胎面。 在胎面各横梁两端沿辊周长线逐一连接钢绳或链 条; 在此拉力件处有辊的径向钢绳连接轴轮盘, 等长的各径向钢绳连接在轮轴盘 后构成横梁间直径略长于辊直径(指横梁在胎面分布的直径, 不是辊外径) 。 由 辊周长钢绳实现限定辊径, 在大变形中辊由胎内气压使辊轴受绳拉力。气压推力 使胎面的上方向拉力绳拉紧, 此拉绳超过胎半径定长连接于轮轴, 由此形成胎周 形状是: 一个稍大的上圆半径面和一个下平底面, 及前、 后两段弧面组成对称胎 面; 此柔性胎面容易形成 "浮动摩擦力"。 在胎周侧面的钢绳圈或链条可传递车 控制动力 (它使胎面磨损过多、 效果不好) 。 在轮前离路面几毫米高处有钢铲推 走道面上障碍物, 再用钢质重轮压平路面上小硬尖刺, 用此保护浮力胎面安全; 或由硬质履带面来保护胎面; 或胎有另加外护面。
或浮力辊形胎面在沿周长面横梁处安装细钢绳 (此绳总长或略长于同径周 长) , 是起定位作用。 在各横梁沿辊径向连接定长钢绳与胎对面横梁对称构成辊 径, 组成辊的受力架。在辊胎周长面外粘接于横梁组成波浪形外胎面, 有钢条用 "自锁"摩擦面的螺丝 (形如权利 4)将胎面夹固于胎周面各梁上, 梁面与胎周 长面粘合成许多半圆形的联合外胎面。辊两侧胎面与辊周长胎面粘合, 侧胎面在 各横梁两端做封闭粘接; 或在近于梁端做封闭粘接, 梁端作安装端露出。 各梁端 安装定长钢绳连接到辊轴端的轮盘, 由钢绳连接两梁对称于轮轴, 此距离称辊直 径。辊轴安装在胎两侧的辊轮架上, 用两段辊轴向辊侧胎面顶压一段距离再与轮 盘连接, 轴轮盘上钢绳在侧胎面外连接到胎周面梁(或胎周面上横梁封闭在侧胎 面内, 辊轴两端的轴轮盘也封闭在胎面内。 或是一根通长的辊轴) 。
或由外胎边固定于轮圈边,外胎边内受力钢绳被卡紧在轮圈与轮圈槽内支架
圈组成的卡槽中(连接胎边钢绳的胎面内拉力绳是沿轮径线与轮轴线所在平面作 分布) 。 轮圈一侧端能由螺丝拆卸, 按: 轮圈固定端面 -胎一边-圈槽支架圈-胎 另一边-轮圈可安装端面组装, 用螺丝做紧固组成车轮 (有内胎或无内胎两种。 其中,封闭橡胶圈可以安装在轮圈或内支撑圈上。无内胎的轮胎封闭次序可以是: 外压圈-外胎-封闭圈 -轮圈 -封闭圈-外胎-外压圈。 或是: 轮圈 -封闭圈-外胎-内 支撑架-外胎-封闭圈-轮圈。 或是: 轮圈-外胎-封闭圈 -不透气的内支撑圈 -封闭 圈-外胎-轮圈) 。或轮圈端面不能拆卸, 在轮圈槽的内支架圈是由可控支架来压 紧, 达到紧固胎边的作用。 如在安装气门嘴的轮圈的车胎槽内装配有橡胶封闭 圈, 槽内由支撑架圈对滑动圈做压紧, 使外胎与轮圈做夹紧由封闭圈做封闭。此 支撑架圈受到运动部件的联动被带动, 使支撑架圈的零件能顶紧胎边内侧滑动 圈,做顶紧胎边对轮圈槽边做封闭。轮圈槽内可控支架有远动(如齿轮带动齿条) 或电动机械控制, 在封闭轮圈外能操作完成压紧工作和做自行封闭。
或由轮径向拉绳及连接件组成稍长于胎面的圆周半径。轴载的轮盘与胎面外 平行于轮轴的横梁杆由轮径向拉绳连接, 此梁杆连接胎周长面形成凸形胎面, 在 杆外面连接平行的充气小圆柱筒, 此小筒外面在离轴远端有硬质压地小条。小条 压地时小筒面做出弹性大变形是对应运动胎面的随之变形,各分立小筒面在最大 变形时彼此接近仍不做接触(小气筒与轮胎气压各有供给和封闭体系) 。此胎面 周长(胎面梁杆对应的周长)处有拉绳连接各梁杆参与胎面承重运动 (或是此胎 周长拉绳也参与胎面的变形和定位) 。
或在上述方案基础上, 有防扎外胎面与各小气筒外条面做固定, 此外层胎面 做绷紧定位胎面(不需要内层胎面的周长拉绳), 这时内层胎面中柔性和弹性都 能得到充分发挥; 此时, 众多的小筒气垫做隔离路面与内层胎面发挥弹力 (各小 气筒有自己的气门阀) , 水平路面各小筒面做变形是对称于轮的重力线。
或在普通胎面 (或轮圈面)夕卜, 沿胎周面外加装着并排、 分立、 众多、 有间 距的布满弹力的小圆柱气筒, 小筒有自己供气压系统, 小筒壁是有刚、 柔的高强 纤维做防扎网的薄胎面, 小圆长筒的轴线平行于轮轴。在小圆筒面外的离轮轴远 端安装有用于压地的小硬条, 以此作为可变形小筒做弹力体的支点; 各小气筒面 成为胎面与路面之间的弹力支撑。为了胎面安全在外周套有柔性好和高强纤维防 护网的松弛胎外周面。 此轮只为做成浮力。 或小筒密布在轮胎 (或轮圈)夕卜, 在
各小圆筒胎面与轮圈或轮胎及各筒面之间的接触点做粘接组成一体的胎(此可成 为高压强、 大变形的新轮胎。 各小气筒有限压的气门嘴, 不会爆胎, 个别小气筒 漏气时, 全胎气压依然正常。 小圆筒沿轮径向可以是多排) 。
或在外胎装入双内胎为防止外胎面爆胎的后果。双联外胎面有两个胎外边和 胎中格所有的一个或两个内边, 双联外胎内分装两个内胎。外胎中格(隔离两内 胎)在两个内边, 由弹簧钢来实施拉紧胎边拉力绳或由螺丝来定位拉力绳; 此外 胎的内边拉绳是做绷紧和固定胎内边作用(轮圈的胎槽中部沿轮径在扩大方向做 成凸起棱形弧面, 外胎中格两内边套牢此棱后再做紧固定位。 当一侧胎面爆胎, 另侧胎仍能正常支撑) 。在两个内气胎之间有外胎面中格, 中格有存在应力弹簧 体或是能承重的橡胶面制成(当一胎爆后另胎增加承载力, 两内胎之间的中格外 胎体也发挥作用) 。双内胎套入双联外胎中; 控制外胎内边的拉力绳在放松中套 入轮圈胎槽中格的棱凸面上, 在外胎的两胎内边安装到正确位置后, 做拉紧外胎 内边拉绳使轮圈槽内棱凸面做成固定外胎中格。在外胎面外周上有许多一定高度 的对地面做支撑的胶胎大颗粒, 为发挥防扎外胎面的柔性。
或是柔性的防扎外胎面安装在轮圈上,在压地时外胎的总周长不变(轮径大、 胎形适宜时可实现。或外胎面做变形由胎周侧面做出褶皱来实现, 在胎面钢拉绳 之间的胎周面凸面上有压地胎纹, 拉绳附近的胎面有充分的柔性), 此类胎面是 在胎的横截面呈现较大变形 (胎周外面有许多平底弹性小条在胎面无拉绳处排 列, 作为胎面与地接触面) , 胎面内拉力绳沿轮径向、 沿胎横截面连接于胎两边 的胎边钢绳(此处是垂直连接) , 在此处与轮圈完成胎面的力学作用。 胎面在轮 的外周若长度不变(受压力做变形) , 此胎侧面的形状变化巨大(胎面褶皱是按 最大变形程度作设计及制作) , 如轮圈胎槽间距是 40隱时, 胎横断面形状可以 有许多种。 如 : 胎面在圈的两卡边之间长: 94. 2隱, 胎外径到圈卡边的胎高 34. 14隱,受压后贴地面的胎宽度是 40隱时,胎高 17. 267隱,胎变形高度 16. 875隱 (再压縮到更小高度, 浮力会更大一些) , 有多种胎面形状方案。 各种轮胎适用 于车的不同用途。 例如: 受压后胎高度小的车轮, 适宜在平路面运动。 此轮可并 排安装于两端各自独立运动的硬质车轮间, 三者形成互补车轮体系, 能维护车的 运动安全。
或胎面为做大变形, 胎有细钢丝网密闭的橡胶胎面(有气门嘴, 制成充气胎
面和封闭系统), 胎周面有钢绳连接于轮径向能变形大的钢筒圈做定位, 钢筒圈 再用定长钢绳连接轮轴盘上组成车轮 (胎到轮轴的此钢绳总距离略长于轮圈半 径) 。胎两侧面各有一个钢筒圈, 钢筒圈边有钢柱在柱上固定有胎面外绕的钢绳
(钢绳在环形胎近于横断面外做缠绕, 是为胎耐压和定位; 胎面钢绳分为近轴向 和远轴向绳段) 固定端(有螺丝对绳圈做固定于钢圈) 。 胎面压地做变形, 胎面 两侧的钢筒圈由钢绳牵引随之做弹力变形, 此时有褶皱的胎面可发挥更大变形
(使胎面的柔性能够更充分发挥) 。
或车下有刚质轮, 此轮下压有大变形的浮力气垫轮, 由浮力轮再压于路面, 此两轮做同步滚动压于路面构成运动整体;共同组成了车用的压地滚动的大变形 气垫的浮力车轮。在大变形气垫外的前后端各安装压贴辊, 用以供给气垫转动用 的小动力。此大变形的气垫轮胎面是柔性良好的且强度足够的胎面, 与地面之间 可加装保护面 (如履带) , 此胎侧胎面是能大变形的柔性更良好的胎面。
或做成大浮力胎面, 将胎面由链条连成大圆形作成胎周长, 链条节的各连接 小轴平行与轮轴, 许多同轮径的链条大圆圈由并排小间隔组成浮力宽胎面。各链 条间隔面内连接许多平行于轮轴的拉力绳,众多拉力绳组成链条内粘接有柔性良 好的气胎封闭面(胎面形成微小波浪形运动面,在气压大压强下仍然柔性良好)。 在链条节外面粘接压地胎的橡胶外胎纹面, 各链条在外面也留有链轮运动的齿 槽, 为各链轮能在浮力轮的前、 后两端联于链条, 为浮力轮胎面提供车动力。 胎 侧面及密封面是由柔性好的胎面特定组成。胎周面各链节或链节上小轴有拉绳连 接到轮轴盘上组成胎面的承重轮径绳 (略大于胎径) 。
当气垫轮是球状面, 又有外层防扎面, 能装在车下任何位置用于自由转向轴 使用。 或球形轮面做力学处置, 安装转向轴成为车的浮力轮。
本项总结: 浮力轮和动力轮合作组成车轮, 实现车的载重、 稳定、 支撑、 浮 力、 动力、 弹力和安全目的。 轮胎有多种, 本文所述胎面是弹力好、 柔性好和耐 久。 前述内容若有遗漏, 敬请谅解 (可按照常识来理解)。 浮动摩擦力的应用范 围广泛, 以前人们虽有相似的使用但未认识到本发明内容, 以后用到浮动摩擦力 (第四种常用摩擦力) 技术的项目, 视为是在使用本发明, 特此作声明。
4、 自锁螺丝。 如: 车用的轴承可以由零件组合安装制成, 有轴承内轨道、 滚珠和两件轴承外轨道对接组装成; 此处是用自锁螺丝做固定来组装成整体轴
承。使用的自锁螺丝, 螺丝母与螺丝杆之间向着松开方向螺丝纹在接触面有夹紧 特点: 此处螺纹接触面与螺丝杆轴线的垂直面所构成夹角, 此角度正弦函数值是 小于接触面的材质间摩擦系数, 即是在自锁角度内。 即: 螺丝在松开方向的螺纹 接触面与螺丝杆轴线近于垂直; 在拧紧方向的螺纹接触面的形状可以如常。螺纹 形状及尺寸按照满足力学要求做出(在平行螺杆轴线的螺纹截面形状如直角三角 形, 或是去掉此尖角呈现如梯形) 。 自锁螺丝的摩擦面也可以设在螺丝杆的螺丝 外径面, 为此特制出在螺纹外径的微倾斜面(此按需要来制定, 即在螺纹外圆周 面作出自锁摩擦面) 。先由外力做到压紧部件的紧固安装面, 再用自锁螺丝做出 紧固安装, 再撤除施加的外力, 就完成对零件的自锁任务。
自锁螺丝可用在铁道的安装、 车轮、车体及许多使用螺丝的地方。 以铁轨螺 丝为例, 列车振动有时可以使螺丝松动, 采用自锁螺丝做拧紧后, 列车的振动会 使螺丝有更紧的趋势, 而不是趋向于松动。 同样自锁螺丝有广泛用途。
5、 浮动摩擦力在车辆减速时或暂时的蓄能机械中使用效果会更好。 刹闸停 车是车辆损失能量的一种正常过程。 刹车中做节能把运动转化成电能确实节能; 如车不久要再启动就有较大耗能。下面车减速时能量做暂时转移(此处用浮动摩 擦力支持效果会更好): 由运动的蓄能机械对车体运动能量做暂时存蓄。 车从减 速中把能量转移到运动蓄能机械中做暂时储存,这是用紧急变速的惯性转子与对 应变速机械做出联动 (或与发电机联动), 再连接车变速器, 由车轮传出动量实 现对车的运动阻力。在这里车运动能量经过车变速器再经过机械传递(或电磁传 递), 转移到蓄能的惯性转子运动中 (或把暂存在蓄能运动转子中的能量传递给 车动力机械使车获得加速)。 用惯性转动机械作成暂时存储能量的装置。 若转子 离心力大于自身承载强度时, 可用高气压做外保护罩来维护。车承担上述机械重 量的运输成本不大, 对一定形式车辆做节能有益 (适用于多停的车, 如公交车; 或平直路上有足够停车距离的运行车。不适宜做道路急刹车或在险道上用此装置 做停车)。 用电动机带动蓄能转子, 车可从静止中做到快速启动变速, 或此蓄能 转子在超高速时有益, 此确实方便但电能消耗较大。为稳定蓄能转子运动, 转子 外有多个做定位的运动转轮, 为避免离心力因偶然出现不均衡而产生的后果。高 速运动转子的运动惯性很大, 所以, 需要用到有双向转轴的转子护架, 作为保护 蓄能转子的定位架安装在车体,它使车在一定运动范围内的运动操作不影响转子
运动和车身运动安全。 传统刹车机械仍然是必须要用的。
例如车辆在运动暂停期间, 车运动能量转移到蓄能转子中储存; 车辆再加速 时把转子中蓄能传回车辆中运行,此过程减少能量浪费。有双向转轴的框架内(框 架两向轴与转子一向轴。 组成转子立体三向轴)装有环形蓄能转子; 转子外周有 多个压贴的轴承轮做为安全定位装置。转子内由内齿轮带动, 再经由多级变速与 变速器来连接车的运动体; 由此变速使车轮做出减速或加速, 促使转子蓄能体做 出加速或减速。 如: 车行驶于上、 下颠簸的路面时, 蓄能转子使用水平的双向轴 架, 此水平轴架做相对移动, 使得蓄能转子在运动中不改变自转轴向。 此轴架也 能保证蓄能转子在运动中不受车辆小角度倾斜的影响(在此车体设计的限定角度 内)。 如蓄能转子环转速 160米 /秒, 环高 200mm, 厚 20mm, 直径 1米, 可载入车 辆 24. 6吨的 10米 /秒能量; 由变速器带动多齿轮分别做接合, 轴与各齿轮在速 度接近时,做轴上滑键推入齿轮中由磁极转盘做接合。轴与各齿轮逐一接合变速; 再选择变速器中用另一个速度体系依次做出与多齿轮变速;由变速器做逐级变速 直到车与蓄能机械之间能量实现全部转移。
本项总结, 用转动的运动体来暂时转移车体的惯性能量, 对于要经常停的车 辆或是要经常变速的车辆非常有益, 可以减少车辆正常运行中的能量浪费。
6、 轴滑键推入齿轮键槽中实现齿轮变速。 齿轮变速器中的变速齿轮是由轴 承做定位, 在齿轮的内花键槽与花键轴的花键槽之间由可移动的滑键套做接合, 滑键套受滑动器支配使齿轮能与轴做连接或分离, 达到变速目的; 齿轮常态时彼 此啮合,齿轮变速是齿轮花键槽与轴上受控滑键套做到有限碰撞后进入连接状态 (此法能加快变速时间和减少齿轮面的碰撞损耗。动力传输轮是由弹簧或磁力的 接触面与轮轴做出可缓冲连接来做动力输出)。
例如, 在离合器保护下调整车轮的变速箱以此带动蓄能机械变速箱; 此经离 合器带动有 10组齿轮; 分别由各齿轮依次分别去带动蓄能转子做运动。 当各组 齿轮变速度用尽, 由离合器保护蓄能机械的变速箱再取得新转速, 10 组齿轮再 次依次做出带动。 当蓄能机械变速全用尽时, 由离合器保护调整车轮变速箱, 新 一伦变速传递又开始……直到实现车停速或蓄能转子停速(即理想状态)。 车行 驶在平坦和安全性大的路面中, 蓄能转体可做较高速的运行, 此时用较小变速能 实现对车体运行能量做出较大的转移 (蓄能转子变速调控由电脑执行, 有测速、
换速、 变速、 评估、 执行等智能系统作出具体操作)。 有此浮力车更节能。
7、 动力做缓冲传递。 运动的惯性蓄能转子是由多极变速器来带动, 此变速 器连接经过由弹簧做为力缓冲的转动输出盘(两盘间由一盘在安装的弹簧端带卡 片, 与另盘上安装的卡片在离合运动中做到压力接触, 两盘间可实现做变力量的 运动缓冲输出)或再加入磁极的缓冲转动输出盘(两盘分别安装磁体在两盘贴近 时传递力矩, 此减少变速运动中冲击力。有磁极或弹簧做缓冲联动转动盘, 可减 少变速齿轮在变速过程中的耗损。离合器在变速差越大、机械变速越快的转换中, 消耗能量也越少。 缓冲器转速越快时, 能量传递越多), 此后再连接离合器的摩 擦盘与车的运动机械(车上的变速器)做连接。 车的变速器连接离合器再连接蓄 能机械, 达到由蓄能机械与车辆运动机械做连接。 蓄能机械与变速器、 车动力、 车空档位之间分别做离合, 用此能作到变速和缓冲力变速。在转盘间磁极的力矩 小于转动力矩时, 此转动盘之间出现较大的相对转动(两盘间有移动, 是保证弹 力缓冲盘传递不大于设定弹力的最大力矩), 随转动速度差异减小, 直到等于磁 极间传递力矩时, 两盘传递运动复位。车在上坡运动中, 可以作出锁住磁极缓冲 两盘及弹簧缓冲两盘来运动, 此各盘是做统一运动。在磁极的转盘之间锁定装置 可以是由弹簧端带动有角度滑片, 实现恒力滑动; 或弹簧带动特定卡片, 实现在 特定任务时做锁定运动。上述连接方式也可用在发动机进入到最佳转速后再来带 动磁极缓冲转动盘(为防止磁力失效可在此转动盘间装有锁定装置, 以达到在特 定情况时仍有运动和动力的输出), 再连接弹簧缓冲的转动盘和有摩擦盘的离合 器; 由离合器先连接车变速器再连接车动力 以发挥车高速发动机的动力运动, 这种由缓冲动力连接器加上齿轮内轴滑键组成变速器,用此在车辆做启动或车辆 上坡时, 发动机可以进入最佳转速后对车辆运行来发出很大推力。这种车辆的机 械运行方案应用在电动车中效果良好(机械损耗小, 电动机系统对应成本底) 。 或把车体的运动惯性能量由车轮来带动变速器,再经由变速器转移到蓄能转子运 动中, 车因此做到节能的变速。
总结: 做出动力转移是在向新的载体做变速和间歇传递动力做积累来实现。 其中, 动力是由缓冲离合器的磁力转盘与弹簧配合组成离合器实现动力传递(此 轻质量和高速度转盘增加了动力的缓冲,即增加了两转盘间在速度和力量差异上 的衔接程度。车的惯量做到间歇恒定传递时, 此处力量传递虽恒定但因速度不同
使传递能量也不同(因为离合器传递盘速大, 所以磁盘间传递的力量可以不大), 必要时在磁力的离合盘之间加入做滑动的摩擦离合器来代替(做到动力传输的联 动)。 离合盘间可以用电磁传递, 此方案控制方便但耗能较机械转换稍大。 在高 速度中磁力离合盘做分离时,两组调速器是由齿轮内花键用轴上滑键套推移做接 合变速 (由此比移动齿轮对接对轮齿的损伤小), 两组齿轮同时转换实现对应连 接, 由磁力离合器的两磁盘做接合使两组变速机械实现缓冲变速(为减少动力传 输中的间歇停歇时间, 可以用两套离合器和变速器做成并联的两套交替离合, 实 现彼此在对方离合器分离时进入此离合器接合中)。 车轮转动与蓄能的转动体之 间可从零速转变到高速, 此过程要经过许多次变速才能实现(以前的常规机械变 速在短时间内是难以实现的)。车轮转动是对地有较大的摩擦力来实现车辆动力, 此是对车辆动量做变速控制的有效途径(在此由电子系统控制变速器和缓冲离合 器, 来将机械能量做到较好的转移)。
在浮力车的发明内容中, 有许多不能全部表达到位的内容。敬请谅解! 在摩 擦力形成过程中加入 "弹力体"是组成 "浮动运动中的摩擦力"。 "弹力体"已经 超越 "弹性体"; "弹力体"是有三个要点: "在受力方向是弹性、 在运动方向是 柔性, 在使用时间上有长久性(几乎不损失能量)"。 已往气垫运动技术中 (产生 弹力、 柔性要消耗能量)、 或磁悬浮技术 (产生弹力要消耗能量) 或运动中有弹 簧技术中(柔性产生不够要消耗能量), 都没有达到弹力体应当达到的正确标准。 除欧洲已有的气压浮力轴承(已经是做到了, 只是人们没有认识到这是使用了浮 动摩擦力) 以外, 今后所有使用涉及到 "浮动摩擦力 "的事项, 或是本发明说明 书中的内容 (不是他人已发明的内容), 均被视作是在使用浮力车发明的相关内 容 (是在浮力车发明中首次确立: 浮动摩擦力概念)。
以自然中的 "弹簧"为例: 它在"柔性运动" 中存在刚性的倔强系数。 这不 能算为是最好的柔性(理想的"柔性"是在变形本身不产生阻力)。所以它是"弹 性体", 它不是 "弹力体", 所以它是在性能上离弹力体存在距离, 因此在功能上 达不到 "弹力体"应有的效能。
Claims
1、 节能浮力车其技术特征是: 车使用滚动的车轮运动, 由人为使用长效的 弹力悬浮体和柔性的连接件, 共同组成有浮动支撑体的运动车轮, 此种车轮可以 形成节能和小阻力的摩擦力, 是人为改造浮动而生成的节能的摩擦力; 车轮有附 件根据车的需要执行具体功能; 浮力车辆是由平衡、运动、 动力和安全的部件共 同来组成。
2、 如权利要求 1所述节能浮力车, 其技术特征是所述有浮动支撑体的运动 车轮:
( 1 ) 沿着轮体的外圆周边分布着在轮径向弹力架, 在此架接近压地端安装 有柔性面的大变形弹力小球囊, 由此做成的车轮是用压地的浮力支撑件做支撑, 此浮力轮包含有柔性运动的弹力支撑移动体;
( 2 ) 弹力体支撑在有柔性运动的支撑体上组成运动车轮; 弹力体可以是由 于限位产生的预应力弹簧, 或是耐压的气压缸活塞体, 或是用柔性胎面的气压弹 力体; 柔性运动体可以是柔性囊面的气压弹力体, 或是柔性囊面的液压弹力体, 或是有预应力的弹簧体; 此轮体转动中, 运动支撑体在接触地面的受压面构成有 柔性和弹力共同作用的运动;
( 3 ) 弹力体支撑在有柔性连接点做定位体支点的支架, 以此组成部件作为 压地的轮的弹力支撑架, 用此在路面上支撑起运动的车轮体; 此弹力支撑架与轮 体弹力架相连组成有浮力的车轮;
( 4) 由弹性硬质可变形的轮外层筒与筒内弹力体, 组成压地时可变形的筒 弧面车轮,由此使得此轮在路面滚动摩擦阻力因为使用了弹力体的浮动压力而被 改变; 其中, 压力弹力体可以是由筒内面封闭的移动压力气垫, 或是柔性的浮力 气胎, 或是弹簧架组成的浮力转轮, 或是气压缸活塞体组成的浮力转轮;
( 5 ) 有柔性面的弹力内胎是安装在有防扎面的柔性外胎面内; 在内胎的内 圆周胎面有紧套是紧固在轮圈上, 再由轮圈安装在轮轴上组成浮力轮; 内胎的外 圆周胎面与轮圈上的紧套之间有密布的轮径向的柔性拉力绳连接,在内胎的两侧 圆环面之间有密布的柔性的拉力绳做连接;
( 6 ) 抗扎的外胎面压在地面时做出受力变形, 侧胎面是与此配合做出柔性
变形; 此胎内有柔性拉力绳在轮径与轮轴线所在平面内做成弧形绳段, 此绳两端 紧固在外胎边的钢绳上,在此弧形绳段上连接有柔性的直线拉力绳连接在压地外 胎面和侧胎面上; 此外胎面可做成封闭外胎面或是装有特制内胎的外胎面。
3、 如权利要求 1所述节能浮力车, 其技术特征是所述运动部件: 浮力车的 车胎,其中,车胎是用柔性好的和承受气压的外胎面,其侧胎面的柔性更为重要; 浮力的柔性车轮外胎面, 可以有连接在轮圈的定位体用拉力绳牵拉于外胎面, 此 外胎内也可有多内胎来提高车胎安全;
或轮圈经拉力绳对防刺外胎面牵拉使外胎圆周线呈波浪形曲面,在波浪形胎 面的外凸面连接硬胎块, 硬胎块之间连接柔性防扎网面组成柔性轮胎外层面; 或 胎周面外连接有弹性橡胶条压于地面, 这是为胎面做出弹力和柔性支撑;
或浮力的辊形胎在周长边安装钢绳或链条,在胎周面拉力件上连接径向钢绳 与辊轴上套的轮盘相连, 各等长钢绳连接轮盘后略长于轮半径; 此大变形辊胎面 成为由胎面的内气压使轮轴受到拉力的辊; 或由梁杆连接胎外周面, 由拉绳连接 轮轴套与受力梁杆; 或轮胎外周侧边由安装链条来加入胎面的控制动力;
或由有自锁摩擦面螺纹的螺丝, 用压条将胎周面与胎周面的拉力件做固定, 组成联合的半圆形小面的胎周波浪形外胎面;
或是把外胎边固定在轮圈边,如:轮圈槽内用可控支架紧固胎面边做到密闭; 或是轴轮盘由拉绳连接于胎面梁杆,在梁杆固定的胎面外再固定充气小圆柱 筒, 在小圆筒面离轴远端固定有用于压地的支撑小硬条; 或在各充气小圆柱筒外 由防扎网组成紧绷的外胎防护面; 或在普通胎面或在轮圈面外, 沿外周面有间距 的布满弹力小圆柱气筒, 小筒自成供气压系统, 小筒壁是有刚、 柔的高强纤维做 防扎网的薄胎面, 小圆长筒的轴线平行于轮轴, 小圆筒面外的离轮轴远端安装有 用于压地的支点小硬条;或在各小筒外端套有柔性好和高强纤维网的防护松弛网 的外胎圆周面; 或是小圆筒密布在轮胎或轮圈外, 在各小圆筒胎面与轮圈或轮胎 及各筒面之间有接触点做连接,合作组成一体的气胎面;小圆筒是沿胎周线排布, 按照轮的径向可以是一排或是多排做分布;
或是在分隔的外胎内装入分立的双内胎为防止轮外胎面爆胎引发的后果; 或外胎面内有拉力绳是近于垂直连于胎边的钢绳, 近于沿胎面横截面分布, 由胎面做出褶皱来实现运动胎面的柔性;
或有密封橡胶胎面由在胎面两侧有轮径向可大变形的钢圈做定位,胎面由两 侧钢圈在拉力绳牵拉下做褶皱变形; 钢圈再由定长钢绳连接轮轴套组成车轮; 或在刚质轮下压有大变形的浮力气垫轮, 两轮同步滚动再压于路面, 共同组 成了压地滚动的大变形气垫的浮力车轮; 或有履带等保护面装在气垫轮外面; 或由多链条连接和由多组并排组成宽的浮力胎面大圆周,此里面连接拉力绳 组成受力网及连接里面的胎面做承力架;链条与轮轴套之间有定长钢绳做连接来 承担轮轴拉力; 或在链条外面连接压地的外胎面, 由链轮在外胎的前、 后端面由 外胎面留下的链条齿槽中做运行, 由此传递对轮胎的动力。
4、 如权利要求 1所述节能浮力车, 其技术特征是所述车安全部件: 车在组 装中用到有自锁摩擦面螺纹的螺丝,此螺丝母与螺丝杆在向松开方向的螺丝纹是 在接触面有特点, 此处螺纹接触面是在与螺丝杆轴线的垂直面构成交角, 其角度 正弦函数值小于接触面材质的摩擦系数, 即在物理学的自锁角度内; 即: 螺丝在 松开方向的螺纹接触面与螺丝杆轴线近于垂直,在拧紧方向的螺纹接触面的形状 可以不同; 螺纹形状及尺寸按照满足力学要求作到, 如: 平行螺杆轴线的螺纹截 面形状是直角三角形, 或是去掉此尖角呈现梯形; 自锁螺丝的摩擦面也可以设在 螺丝杆的螺丝外径面上, 由此特制出螺纹外径面是微倾斜面; 自锁螺丝可以为许 多固定零件所使用, 如组装轴承、 车轮、 电动机等, 所以用途广泛。
5、 如权利要求 1所述节能浮力车, 其技术特征是所述动力部件: 车减速中 把车运动能量转到有浮动摩擦力的蓄能机械中做暂存,由大变速的惯性转子与对 应的变速机械或电动机做联动,将车运动能量由车动力变速经由电磁或由机械传 递转移到蓄能转子的运动中;或是把暂存在蓄能运动转子中的能量转回到车动力 机械, 使车得到加速; 由此构成经转动机械作成暂时存储能量的装置; 若转子的 离心力大于自身承载力时, 可用高气压外保护罩来维护; 车承担上述机械重量, 其运输成本不大, 所以适用于车做节能运行, 高速惯性转子的护架是有立体三向 定位轴做到保持转子的稳定; 用机械联动变速; 或电动机在低速中为惯性转子做 快变速或在超高速时为其做变速都有益, 方法方便但耗电较大。
6、 如权利要求 1所述节能浮力车, 其技术特征是所述动力部件: 在齿轮变 速器中的变速齿轮是由轴承定位,在齿轮的内花键槽与花键轴的花键槽之间由滑
键套来接合, 由滑键套受控滑动使齿轮与轴做连接或分离而达到变速目的; 齿轮 常态时彼此啮合, 齿轮变速是由滑键套受控移动与花键槽做有限碰撞后进入连 接。
7、 如权利要求 1所述节能浮力车, 其技术特征是所述动力部件: 是缓冲离 合器; 惯性蓄能转子是由多极变速器带动实现能量转移, 是经过弹簧缓冲转盘或 磁极缓冲转盘来与离合器连接,两个缓冲盘之间是由磁极或弹簧压紧卡片来组成 两盘联动, 由此连接到运动机械中实现动力的缓冲变速; 此连接方式可以做有缓 冲运动的调速或变速;或当发动机到达最佳转速后来带动磁极缓冲转盘或弹簧缓 冲转盘以及离合器, 做成带动车变速机械来运动; 或把车体运动能量经车轮带动 变速器, 再经变速器转移到蓄能转子运动中, 车因此被节能变速。
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