WO2014071876A1 - 助力器及制动系统 - Google Patents

助力器及制动系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071876A1
WO2014071876A1 PCT/CN2013/086822 CN2013086822W WO2014071876A1 WO 2014071876 A1 WO2014071876 A1 WO 2014071876A1 CN 2013086822 W CN2013086822 W CN 2013086822W WO 2014071876 A1 WO2014071876 A1 WO 2014071876A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve body
booster
nut
input
elastic member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/086822
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
章秋生
Original Assignee
博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司 filed Critical 博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司
Priority to EP13852956.5A priority Critical patent/EP2918462B1/en
Priority to US14/442,214 priority patent/US9701296B2/en
Priority to JP2015541006A priority patent/JP6145172B2/ja
Publication of WO2014071876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071876A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/745Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/02Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with mechanical assistance or drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/22Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
    • F16H25/2204Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with balls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for providing assistance, and more particularly to a booster and a brake system.
  • the operation of the vehicle often requires a power assisting device.
  • the vehicle controls the related device of the vehicle by means of a booster such as compressed air or high-pressure oil to achieve the purpose of lightness.
  • a booster such as compressed air or high-pressure oil
  • the development of modern automotive brakes originated from the original mechanical control device. The most primitive brake control was only the driver's manipulation of a simple set of mechanical devices to apply force to the brakes. At that time, the car was lighter in weight, lower in speed, and mechanically braked. It has been able to meet the needs of automotive braking, but as the weight of the car itself increases, the power-assisting device becomes more and more important for the brake.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN102205838A published on Oct. 5, 2011, discloses an electric-powered brake device for a vehicle, which includes a pedal, an input force pusher connected to the pedal, and a boost connected to the input force pusher.
  • an output force push rod connected to the booster, a master cylinder connected to the output force push rod, the booster comprising a rack connected between the input force push rod and the output force push rod, and a gear meshing with the rack a DC motor connected to the gear through the transmission shaft, a speed reducer assembly, an electronic control unit ECU, and a speed sensor connected to the input force push rod, the speed sensor being connected to the electronic control unit ECU, the electronic control unit ECU and The DC motor is connected to the reducer assembly.
  • Cik Patent Application Publication No. CN1872599A discloses a brake boosting system including a pedal pusher, a rubber reaction disk, a master cylinder pusher, a brake pedal and a housing, and The system further includes a motor, a worm and a worm gear, and the rotational driving force of the motor is converted into a linear driving force by the worm and the worm gear.
  • the automobile electric assist brake device disclosed in the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN102205838A, or the brake assist system disclosed in the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN1872599A has poor transmission efficiency and high transmission noise.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the transmission efficiency of the booster.
  • the present invention provides a booster, which includes:
  • a power assisting assembly comprising a ball screw, the ball screw comprising a screw, a nut and a plurality of balls fitted between the screw and the nut, the nut being interlocked with the valve body, the nut moving linearly on the screw to which it is fitted Thereby driving the valve The body moves in a straight line.
  • the power assisting assembly includes at least two pairs of ball screws and a transmission
  • the transmission device includes an input shaft
  • the input shaft is coupled with the screw
  • the The rotational power of the input shaft is transmitted to each of the screws.
  • the boosting assembly further includes a booster disk, the nut being non-rotatably mounted to the booster disk, the boosting component driving the valve through the booster disk body.
  • the booster further includes a housing, and the valve body is linearly movable in a longitudinal direction between the first position and the second position with respect to the housing;
  • the nut moves linearly along the forward stroke on the mating screw thereof, so that the boosting assembly drives the valve body to linearly move toward the first position, at the input
  • the shaft rotates in the reverse direction
  • the nut linearly moves along the retracting stroke on the mating screw thereof, so that the assisting assembly drives the valve body to linearly move toward the second position.
  • the booster further includes an input member, an actuator, an electronic control unit, and a stroke sensor, and the input member can drive the assisting component without the assisting component
  • the actuator can output rotational power to the input shaft
  • the stroke sensor detects displacement of the input member
  • the electronic control unit detects the stroke sensor according to the stroke sensor The displacement of the input member to the control controls the operation of the actuator.
  • the power assisting disk is provided with a center hole, the valve body passes through the center hole, the valve body is provided with a boosting table, and the nut passes through the power assisting disk The valve body is driven against the booster table.
  • the booster further includes a first elastic member, and the first elastic member is elastically deformed to store potential energy when the valve body moves toward the first position.
  • the first elastic member drives the valve body to move toward the second position when the first elastic member releases the potential energy.
  • the input member is reciprocable relative to the valve body between a rest position and a driving position, and a second is disposed between the input member and the valve body
  • An elastic member that is held in the rest position by an elastic force of the second elastic member without an external force, and the second elasticity during an external force driving the input member to move toward the driving position
  • the component is elastically deformed to store potential energy, and the input member drives the valve body to move under the further action of the external force when the input member reaches the driving position, and when the second elastic member releases the potential energy, the second An elastic member drives the input member to move toward the rest position.
  • the booster further includes an actuator connected to the input shaft, the actuator being a motor capable of outputting forward and reverse rotational power, The screws of at least two of the ball screws are arranged symmetrically with respect to the valve body.
  • the transmission is a gear transmission having a plastic gear mounted to a steel shaft.
  • the stroke sensor is a magnet medium sensor.
  • a connecting mechanism is disposed between the valve body and the nut, the connecting mechanism is partially fixed to the nut, and the other portion is connected to the valve body.
  • the present invention also provides a brake system including the aforementioned booster and hydraulic system, the hydraulic system including a brake master cylinder having a piston, the valve body being coupled to the piston.
  • an inverse action made of an elastic material is mounted between the valve body and the piston.
  • the booster of the present invention has high transmission efficiency, and has a reasonable structural design, a small volume, and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a booster according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the housing inside the booster is conveniently displayed, and the housing of the booster is not shown;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the booster taken along line A-A of FIG. 1, wherein the booster is in a resting state;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the booster taken along line BB of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic structural view of a valve body according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is shown from a perspective similar to that shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a structural schematic view showing a state in which the booster shown in FIG. 2 applies a pedal force and the booster activates the assist function;
  • FIG. 6 shows that the booster shown in FIG. 2 reaches a maximum brake when a pedal force is applied and the booster activates the assist function. Schematic diagram of the state of assist;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the booster shown in Fig. 2 when the boosting function is disabled and the pedaling force is applied for braking. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a brake system including a booster 100 and a hydraulic system as shown in Figs. 1 to 7, the hydraulic system including a brake master cylinder 11 having a piston 12.
  • a brake system including a booster 100 and a hydraulic system as shown in Figs. 1 to 7, the hydraulic system including a brake master cylinder 11 having a piston 12.
  • Specific embodiments of the booster 100 provided by the present invention will be described in detail below.
  • the booster 100 is fixed by a fixing bolt 9.
  • the booster 100 includes a valve body 2 and a power assisting assembly.
  • the valve body 2 is coupled to the piston 12 of the brake master cylinder 11.
  • the power assisting assembly includes a ball screw and an input shaft 60.
  • the ball screw includes a screw 40, a nut 41 and a screw 40.
  • a plurality of balls (not shown) with the nut 41, the screw 40 is interlocked with the input shaft 60 so that when the input shaft 60 rotates, the screw 40 is driven to rotate by the power transmitted from the input shaft 60 and the nut 41 is engaged with the screw
  • the upper 40 moves in a straight line, so that the assisting assembly drives the valve body 2 to move in a straight line.
  • the booster 100 of the present invention has a high transmission efficiency.
  • the booster 100 further includes a housing 1 in which the valve body 2 is linearly movable in a longitudinal direction between the first position and the second position; when the input shaft 60 is rotated in the forward direction, the nut 41 is in the same The mating screw 40 linearly moves along the forward stroke so that the assisting assembly drives the valve body 2 to linearly move toward the first position.
  • the nut 41 moves linearly along the retracting stroke on the mating screw 40 to assist the force.
  • the assembly drives the valve body 2 to move linearly to the second position.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a receiving space 10, and the valve body 2 includes a first end 21 and a second end 22 opposite to the first end 21, the first end 21 is received in the receiving space 10, and the second end 22 is protruded in the receiving space 10 Bu.
  • a valve body guide 19 is mounted on the housing 1, and the valve body 2 is mounted in the valve body guide 19 so that the valve body 2 can be moved longitudinally under the guidance of the valve body guide 19.
  • the casing 1 is also provided with a shroud 13 which is substantially flared and has a corrugated structure which is telescopically deformable, and the large opening of the shroud 13 is combined with the casing 1.
  • the second end 22 of the valve body 2 projecting outside the receiving space 10 extends from the bottom end of the shroud 13 into the shroud 13.
  • the first counterbore 23 is disposed at the end of the first end 21 of the valve body 2, and the second counterbore 24 is disposed at the center of the bottom of the first counterbore 23.
  • the diameter of the hole 24 is smaller than the diameter of the first counterbore 23, so that a step is formed between the first counterbore 23 and the second counterbore 24.
  • An input counterbore 25 is provided at the end of the second end 22 of the valve body 2.
  • a jack hole 27 is provided, and the jack hole 27 communicates with the second counterbore 24 and the input counterbore 25.
  • the power assisting assembly includes two pairs of ball screws as an example.
  • the two screws 40 of the two ball screws are mounted in parallel inside the housing space 10 of the housing 1, at each When the screw 4 rotates in the forward direction, the nut 41 linearly moves along the forward stroke on the mating screw 4 thereof, and the assisting assembly drives the valve body 2 to linearly move to the first position during the forward stroke of the nut 41; When rotated, the nut 41 moves linearly along the retracting stroke on its mating screw 4.
  • the power assist assembly includes a transmission 6 that includes an input shaft 60 and transmits rotational power of the input shaft 60 to each of the screws 40.
  • the transmission device 6 further includes at least two output wheels 61, 62, and may include a plurality of intermediate gears (not numbered) according to the needs of the transmission, and the transmission 6 converts the rotational power of the input shaft 60 to the rotational power of the two output wheels 61, 62, each of the output wheels 61, 62.
  • a screw 40 is non-rotatably coupled to transmit the rotational power of the input shaft 60 to each of the screws 40.
  • the transmission 6 is a gear transmission having a plastic gear mounted to the steel shaft.
  • the transmission 6 is described as a gear transmission in a particular embodiment in accordance with the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to this form, for example, it may be a sprocket drive , pulley drive or a combination of multiple drive forms.
  • the nut 41 is not rotated and is pushed by the rotating screw 40, and the nut 41 transmits the assist force to the valve body 2 through the booster disk 42.
  • the stroke sensor 81 will notify the electronic control unit 8 to control the motor reversal as the actuator 7 due to the movement of the plunger 32, and as will be described in detail below, the first elastic member 51 will push back the valve Body 2 retreats.
  • booster 100 of the present embodiment includes two pairs of ball screws, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the booster 100 of the present invention is not limited to two pairs of ball screws, and may also include three ball screws, or more A secondary ball screw, these are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • Each of the ball screws includes a screw 40, a nut 41, and a plurality of balls fitted between the screw 40 and the nut 41.
  • the screws 40 of at least two of the ball screws are arranged symmetrically with respect to the valve body 2. Thereby, the power assisting assembly is balanced to apply force to the valve body 2.
  • the power assisting assembly further includes a power assisting disk 42 that is longitudinally movable relative to the valve body 2 but is not rotatable relative to each other. Both nuts 41 are non-rotatably mounted to the power assisting disk 42 and the power assisting assembly drives the valve through the power assisting disk 42.
  • the booster disk 42 is provided with a center hole through which the valve body 2 passes, and the valve body 2 is provided with a booster table 20 which is disposed adjacent to the first end 21 of the valve body 2.
  • the assist disk 42 drives the valve body 2 against the booster table 20 during the forward stroke of the nut 41.
  • the booster 100 further includes a first elastic member 51.
  • the first elastic member 51 is a coil spring, and the first elastic member 51 is mounted between the housing 1 and the push rod holder 15 fixed to the valve body 2, and the first elastic member 51 is preliminarily compression.
  • the first elastic member 51 can also be made of other materials, and the first elastic member 51 can be mounted in other manners.
  • the first elastic member 51 may be a laminated spring; the first elastic member 51 may be mounted in such a manner as to be directly mounted between the master cylinder 11 and the valve body 2 fixed relative to the housing 1.
  • the installation method only needs to give up the position of the casing 1 (for example, the hole occupied by the first elastic member 51 on the casing 1), and the first elastic member 51 can be in contact with the brake.
  • the front mounting method is pre-compression-deformed, and those skilled in the art know that the first elastic member 51 can also be stretch-deformed.
  • Various changes or modifications of the first elastic member 51 are within the scope of the present invention, and it is only required that the elastic force of the first elastic member 51 can directly or indirectly act on the valve body 2. Therefore, when the valve body 2 is oriented When the first position is moved, the first elastic member 51 is elastically deformed to store the potential energy, and when the first elastic member 51 releases the potential energy, the first elastic member 51 drives the valve body 2 to move toward the second position.
  • the booster 100 further includes an input member 3, an actuator 7, an electronic control unit 8, and a stroke sensor 81, and the input member 3 can drive the valve body 2 to linearly move to the first position without the assistance of the assisting assembly.
  • the actuator 7 is connected to the input shaft 60 so as to be able to output rotational power to the input shaft 60
  • the stroke sensor 81 detects the displacement of the input member 3
  • the electronic control unit 8 controls the actuator based on the displacement of the input member 3 detected by the stroke sensor 81. 7 work.
  • the input member 3 is reciprocable relative to the valve body 2 between a rest position and a drive position.
  • the input unit 3 includes a pedal (not shown) that accepts a driver's operation request, an input rod 31 connected to the pedal, and a plunger 32 connected to the input rod 31.
  • the input member 3 is at least partially mounted in the input counterbore 25.
  • the plunger 32 is mounted in the input counterbore 25, and at least a portion of the input rod 31 is also mounted in the input counterbore 25.
  • the elastic member holder is mounted in the opening at the longitudinal end of the input counterbore 25. A part of the input rod 31 passes through the through hole in the middle of the elastic member holder 53 and the through hole at the top end of the shield 13 to connect the pedal.
  • the actuator 7 is a motor capable of outputting forward and reverse rotational power. It is clear to those skilled in the art that switching the direction of operation of the motor through the circuit to output forward and reverse rotational power is generally easier to achieve than mechanical commutation. Moreover, since the mechanical reversing device usually requires a certain volume, the use of the motor that can output the forward and reverse rotational power of the actuator 7 also helps to reduce the overall volume of the booster 100.
  • the travel sensor 81 is a magnet media sensor.
  • the radial through valve body 2 is provided with a guide groove 28, and the guide groove 28 has a long groove shape extending longitudinally.
  • the key 814 fixed to the plunger 32 radially protrudes from both sides of the plunger 32, and the extended key 814 is opposite to the two.
  • the side guide grooves 28 are reciprocally movable longitudinally along the guide grooves 28.
  • a magnet holder 812 is externally mounted to the valve body 2, and a magnet 810 is mounted in the magnet holder 812. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, two magnets 810 are mounted in the magnet holder 812.
  • the magnet holder 812 is movably mounted in a groove (not numbered) outside the valve body 2 and is longitudinally reciprocable under the guidance of the groove.
  • One end of the key 814 is fixed to the magnet holder 812 through the guide groove 28 on one side, and therefore, the magnet holder 812 can move in accordance with the movement of the plunger 32.
  • the stroke sensor 81 is mounted on the outside of the magnet 810. When the magnet holder 812 and the two magnets 810 mounted therein move with the plunger 32, the stroke sensor 81 senses a change in the magnetic field to detect the stroke. It should be noted that, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the magnet holder 812 and the two magnets 810 installed therein are located inside the casing 1, that is, the magnet holder 812 and the two magnets installed therein 810 is located between the housing 1 and the valve body 2, and the stroke sensor 81 is disposed outside the housing 1.
  • the input member 3 is reciprocable relative to the valve body 2 between a rest position and a drive position.
  • the plunger 32 is correspondingly longitudinally in the input counterbore 25 Reciprocating motion.
  • a second elastic member 52 is disposed between the input member 3 and the valve body 2, and specifically, the second elastic member 52 is disposed in the input counterbore 25 of the valve body 2.
  • the second elastic member 52 is mounted on the elastic member holder 53 in the input counterbore 25, and the other end is mounted on the input rod 31 of the input member 3, and the second elastic member 52 has a certain pre-compression. the amount.
  • the input member 3 longitudinally drives the valve body 2 to linearly move toward the first position under the further action of the external force. If the driver releases the pedal, the pedal no longer transmits an external force, and the second elastic member 52 compressed to store the elastic potential energy will elongate in the direction of recovery to release the potential energy. When the second elastic member 52 releases the potential energy, the second elastic member 52 drives the input member 3 to move to the rest position.
  • the master cylinder 11 has a piston 12 that connects the push rod 14 of the booster 100, and the push rod 14 is fixed to the first end 21 of the valve body 2 by the push rod holder 15. .
  • a reaction disk 16 made of an elastic material is installed between the valve body 2 and the piston 12, and specifically, a reaction disk is mounted on the bottom of the first counterbore 23 of the valve body 2. 16.
  • the end of the push rod 14 has an enlarged portion that is mounted outside the reaction disk 16 mounted in the first counterbore 23.
  • a through hole is formed in the middle of the push rod holder 15, and the push rod 14 is connected to the piston 12 through the through hole in the middle of the push rod holder 15, but the enlarged portion of the end portion of the push rod 14 is fixed to the first by the push rod holder 15.
  • a plunger disk 17 is mounted in the second counterbore 24 of the valve body 2, since the second counterbore 24 communicates with the jack hole 27 and communicates with the first counterbore 23 through the bottom middle portion of the first counterbore 23, thus the jack
  • the movable ram 18 in the bore 27 can contact the plunger disk 17, and the plunger disk 17 can contact the reaction disk 16 mounted at the bottom of the first counterbore 23.
  • the transmission 6 is used to provide a transmission from a rotary motion to a rotary motion, and a well-developed gear transmission can be employed, which is easy to manufacture and has high transmission efficiency. .
  • the rotary motion is finally converted into a linear motion by the ball screw.
  • the ball screw can provide a large amplification ratio for the power, so that the input torque is small, and the lateral force of the gear to the bearing 63 is small, which is advantageous for reducing the specification of the bearing 63. Since the ball 40 is fitted between the screw 40 of the ball screw and the nut 41, rolling friction is caused between the components during operation, and the transmission loss of the ball screw is small.
  • the ball screw is a mature technology that has been developed for many years.
  • the industry has a precise manufacturing process.
  • the ball screw has a small backlash and high positioning accuracy. Therefore, the ball screw can provide a high efficiency and high positioning accuracy of the rotary motion to the linear motion change. Therefore, as a whole, according to the technical solution of the present invention, the transmission efficiency is high, the transmission torque is small, the positioning accuracy is high, and the manufacturing is easy, and the quality can be provided. Quantity protection.
  • the technical solution according to the present invention can employ components such as the actuator 7 of a smaller specification than the conventional technical solution, thereby reducing the cost and reducing the volume of the booster 100, as compared with the case of providing the same assisting force; Plastic gears, thereby reducing cost and weight, and reducing the inertia of the rotating transmission components.
  • a gear transmission can have a plastic gear mounted to a steel shaft with good overall performance.
  • the booster 100 can operate in both the assist drive mode and the manual drive mode.
  • the control elements such as the actuator 7 and the electronic control unit 8 are normally operated
  • the input rod 31 transmits an external force to the plunger 32, and the plunger 32 pushes again.
  • the jack 18 is simultaneously driven by the key 814 to move the magnet holder 812.
  • the stroke sensor 81 senses a change in the magnetic field to detect the stroke.
  • the electronic control unit 8 collects the signal detected by the stroke sensor 81 to determine the braking demand, thereby commanding the forward rotation of the motor as the actuator 7 to output the positive rotational power, and the power is input through the input shaft 60 as the transmission device 6.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the booster 100 according to the assist driving mode
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the booster 100 reaching the maximum assisting force according to the assist driving mode. It should be additionally noted that when the jack 18 is moved forward by the plunger 32, the jack 18 pushes the plunger disc 17, and there is usually a gap between the reaction disc 16 and the plunger disc 17, and the jack 18 pushes the plunger.
  • the reaction disk 16 is usually rubber or a similar elastic material, and the reaction disk 16 of the material has a liquid-like transfer pressure when subjected to pressure.
  • the assist force is larger, the peripheral annular region of the reaction disk 16 is subjected to pressure.
  • the pressure is simultaneously transmitted to the central portion of the reaction disk 16, so that the driver can feel the pressure becoming large, so that good pedaling feedback can be obtained. Therefore, the booster 100 can provide a good driving experience.
  • the pedal thrust is transmitted to the reaction disk 16 through the jack 18 and the plunger disk 17, and the assist of the actuator 7 also acts on the reaction disk 16 through the valve body 2.
  • the resultant force of these two forces acts on the output push rod 14 through the reaction disk 16.
  • the second elastic member 52 releases the elastic potential energy to push the input rod 31, and the input rod 31 is in the second elasticity.
  • the elastic force of the member 52 is restored to the rest position.
  • the plunger 32 is also restored to the rest position, and the magnet holder 812 is driven by the button 814.
  • the stroke sensor 81 senses the change of the magnetic field, thereby detecting the change of the stroke, and the electronic control unit 8 collects the stroke sensor 81 to detect the change.
  • the signal determines that the braking demand is canceled, thereby commanding the reverse operation of the motor as the actuator 7 to output the reverse rotational power, thereby driving the assisting assembly to retreat, while the first elastic member 51 releases the elastic potential energy to push the valve body 2,
  • the valve body 2 is restored to the second position by the elastic force of the first elastic member 51.
  • a rotation angle sensor (not shown) is disposed in the actuator 7, and the position of the valve body 2 can be known by converting the data detected by the rotation angle sensor according to the transmission ratio of the transmission device 6 in the assist state. .
  • the electronic control unit 8 can control the relative positions of the valve body 2 and the plunger 32.
  • the valve body 2 and the plunger 32 have no longitudinal interaction force.
  • the plunger 32 abuts against the valve body 2; if an external force is transmitted from the pedal, the input member 3 is further in the external force
  • the driving valve body 2 is linearly moved to the first position; the valve body 2 pushes the push rod 14 and the piston 12 connected to the push rod 14 to move, and the spring as the first elastic member 51 is compressed and stored. Elastic potential energy. If the driver releases the pedal, the pedal no longer transmits an external force, and the first elastic member 51 compressed and stored with the elastic potential energy releases the elastic potential energy to push the valve body 2, and the elastic force of the valve body 2 at the first elastic member 51 is pushed. Recovering to the second position; the second elastic member 52, which is finally compressed to store the elastic potential energy, will also elongate to release the potential energy. When the second elastic member 52 releases the potential energy, the second elastic member 52 drives the input member 3 to Rest position exercise.
  • the nut 41 and the valve body 2 are not limited to being coupled by a booster disk 42, and the nut 41 can be interlocked with the valve body 2 in various other forms.
  • a connection mechanism (not shown) may be provided between the valve body 2 and the nut 41.
  • the connection mechanism is partially fixed to the nut 41, and the other portion is connected to the valve body 2.
  • the connecting mechanism may be a rail mechanism connected between the nut 41 and the valve body 2, the rail mechanism restricting the nut 41 from rotating relative to the valve body 2 but allowing the nut 41 and the valve body 2 to travel within a certain stroke. Relatively sliding in the axial direction.
  • the booster 100 of the present invention Compared with the prior art power assisting device, the booster 100 of the present invention has high transmission efficiency, and is structurally reasonable, small in size, and low in cost.
  • the plunger The 32 and the jack 18 can be integrally formed as one piece, and other displacement sensors (e.g., angular displacement sensors mounted to the pedals, etc.) can be used to obtain displacement of the input member 3. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions are also within the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种助力器(100)及制动系统,所述助力器(100)包括阀体(2)及助力组件,该助力组件包括滚珠螺杆,滚珠螺杆包括螺杆(40)、螺母(41)及配合于螺杆(40)与螺母(41)之间的若干滚珠,螺母(41)与阀体(2)联动,螺母(41)在其配合的螺杆(40)上沿直线运动,从而驱动阀体(2)沿直线运动。所述制动系统包括助力器(100)及液压系统,液压系统包括具有活塞(12)的制动主缸(11),阀体(2)连接到所述活塞(12)。该助力器能够提供高的传动效率。

Description

助力器及制动系统 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及提供助力的装置, 尤其涉及助力器及制动系统。
背景技术
[0002] 因人的力量有限, 车辆的操作往往需要助力装置, 例如, 车辆借助压縮空气、 高压 油等助力器操控车辆的相关装置, 以达到使用轻便的目的。 现代汽车制动器的发展起源于原 始的机械控制装置, 最原始的制动控制只是驾驶员操纵一组简单的机械装置向制动器施加作 用力, 那时的汽车重量比较小, 速度比较低, 机械制动已经能够满足汽车制动的需要, 但随 着汽车自身重量的增加, 助力装置对制动器来说越来越显得重要。
[0003] 2011年 10月 5日公布的中国发明专利申请公开第 CN102205838A号公开一种汽车电 动助力制动装置, 其包括踏板、 与踏板相连的输入力推杆、 与输入力推杆相连的助力器、 与 助力器相连的输出力推杆、 与输出力推杆相连的主缸, 所述助力器包括连接于输入力推杆和 输出力推杆之间的齿条、 与齿条啮合的齿轮、 通过传动轴与齿轮连接的直流电动机带减速器 总成、 电子控制单元 ECU 以及连接于输入力推杆上的速度传感器, 所述速度传感器与电子 控制单元 ECU相连, 所述电子控制单元 ECU与直流电动机带减速器总成相连。
[0004] 2006年 12月 6日公布的中国发明专利申请公开第 CN1872599A号公开一种制动助力 系统, 其包括踏板推杆、 橡胶反作用盘、 主缸推杆、 制动踏板和壳体, 并且该系统还包括电 机、 蜗杆及蜗轮传动装置, 将电机的旋转驱动力通过所述蜗杆及蜗轮传动装置变换成直线驱 动力。
[0005] 然而无论是中国发明专利申请公开第 CN102205838A 号公开的汽车电动助力制动装 置, 还是中国发明专利申请公开第 CN1872599A号公开的制动助力系统, 其还存在传动效率 差、 传动噪声高、 成本高或者体积不够紧凑的问题。
[0006] 因此, 有必要提供改进以克服现有技术中存在的技术问题。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明要解决的主要技术问题是提高助力器的传动效率。
[0008] 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供一种助力器, 其包括:
阀体;
助力组件, 其包括滚珠螺杆, 所述滚珠螺杆包括螺杆、 螺母及配合于所述螺杆与螺母之间的 若干滚珠, 螺母与阀体联动, 所述螺母在其配合的所述螺杆上沿直线运动, 从而驱动所述阀 体沿直线运动。
[0009] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力组件包括至少两副滚珠螺杆及传动装置, 所 述传动装置包括输入转轴, 所述输入转轴与所述螺杆联动, 且将所述输入转轴的旋转动力传 递到每根所述螺杆。
[0010] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力组件还包括助力盘, 所述螺母不可相对旋转 地安装于所述助力盘, 所述助力组件通过所述助力盘驱动所述阀体。
[0011] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力器还包括壳体, 所述阀体相对于所述壳体可在 第一位置和第二位置之间沿纵向直线地运动; 在所述输入转轴正向旋转时, 所述螺母在其配 合的所述螺杆上沿前进行程直线运动从而所述助力组件驱动所述阀体向所述第一位置直线地 运动, 在所述输入转轴反向旋转时, 所述螺母在其配合的所述螺杆上沿后退行程直线运动从 而所述助力组件驱动所述阀体向所述第二位置直线地运动。
[0012] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力器还包括输入部件、 致动器、 电控单元及行 程传感器, 所述输入部件能在没有助力组件助力的情况下驱动所述阀体向所述第一位置直线 地运动, 致动器能输出旋转动力到所述输入转轴, 所述行程传感器侦测所述输入部件的位 移, 所述电控单元根据所述行程传感器侦测到的所述输入部件的位移控制所述致动器的工 作。
[0013] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力盘设置中心孔, 所述阀体穿过所述中心孔, 所述阀体设置助推台, 所述螺母通过所述助力盘抵靠所述助推台而驱动所述阀体。
[0014] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力器还包括第一弹性部件, 当所述阀体向所述 第一位置运动时, 所述第一弹性部件弹性变形而储存势能, 当所述第一弹性部件释放势能 时, 所述第一弹性部件驱动所述阀体向所述第二位置运动。
[0015] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述输入部件能相对于所述阀体在休息位置和驱动位 置之间往复运动, 所述输入部件与所述阀体之间设置第二弹性部件, 在没有外力作用的情况 下所述输入部件被第二弹性部件的弹性力保持在所述休息位置, 在外力驱动所述输入部件向 所述驱动位置运动过程中, 所述第二弹性部件弹性变形而储存势能, 在所述输入部件到达所 述驱动位置时所述输入部件在外力的进一步作用下驱动所述阀体运动, 当所述第二弹性部件 释放势能时, 所述第二弹性部件驱动所述输入部件向所述休息位置运动。
[0016] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述助力器还包括连接所述输入转轴的致动器, 所述 致动器为能输出正向及反向旋转动力的电机, 所述至少两副滚珠螺杆的螺杆相对于所述阀体 轴对称地布置。 [0017] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述传动装置为齿轮传动装置, 所述齿轮传动装置具 有安装到钢轴的塑料齿轮。
[0018] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 所述行程传感器为磁体介质传感器。
[0019] 在前述的助力器中, 可选地, 阀体与螺母之间设置有连接机构, 所述连接机构一部 分固定于所述螺母, 另一部分与阀体连接。
[0020] 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明还提供一种制动系统, 其包括前述的助力器及液压系 统, 所述液压系统包括具有活塞的制动主缸, 所述阀体连接到所述活塞。
[0021] 在前述的制动系统中, 可选地, 所述阀体与所述活塞之间安装弹性材料制造的反作 用^!。
[0022] 相较于现有的助力装置, 本发明的助力器具有较高的传动效率, 并且, 结构设计合 理、 体积较小, 成本低廉。
[0023] 通过以下参考附图的详细说明, 本发明的其他方面和特征变得明显。 但是应当知 道, 该附图仅仅为解释的目的设计, 而不是作为本发明的范围的限定, 这是因为其应当参考 附加的权利要求。 还应当知道, 附图仅仅意图概念地说明此处描述的结构和流程, 除非另外 指出, 不必要依比例绘制附图。
附图说明
[0024] 结合附图参阅以下具体实施方式的详细说明, 将更加充分地理解本发明, 附图中同 样的参考附图标记始终指代视图中同样的元件。 其中:
图 1显示根据本发明一种具体实施方式的助力器的示意图, 其中为方便显示助力器内部的结 构, 而没有显示助力器的壳体;
图 2显示沿图 1所示 A— A线剖视的助力器的结构示意图, 其中助力器处于休息状态; 图 3显示沿图 1所示 B— B线剖视的助力器的结构示意图, 其中助力器处于休息状态; 图 4为从类似图 3所示视角显示的根据本发明一种具体实施方式的阀体的局部放大结构示意 图;
图 5显示图 2所示助力器在施加踏板力并且助力器开动助力功能的状态的结构示意图; 图 6显示图 2所示助力器在施加踏板力并且助力器开动助力功能的而达到最大制动助力状态 的结构示意图; 及
图 7显示图 2所示助力器在助力功能失效的情况下, 施加踏板力进行制动时的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
[0025] 为帮助本领域的技术人员能够确切地理解本发明要求保护的主题, 下面结合附图详 细描述本发明的具体实施方式。
[0026] 本发明提供了一种制动系统, 该制动系统包括如图 1 至 7 中所示出的助力器 100及 液压系统, 液压系统包括具有活塞 12的制动主缸 11。 以下将详细说明本发明所提供的助力 器 100的具体实施方式。
[0027] 请参阅图 1 至 7所示, 根据本发明一种具体实施方式的助力器 100通过固定螺栓 9 固定。 助力器 100包括阀体 2及助力组件, 阀体 2连接到制动主缸 11的活塞 12上, 该助力 组件包括滚珠螺杆及输入转轴 60, 滚珠螺杆包括螺杆 40、 螺母 41及配合于螺杆 40与螺母 41之间的若干滚珠 (未图示), 螺杆 40与输入转轴 60联动从而当输入转轴 60旋转时, 螺 杆 40被从输入转轴 60传递过来的动力驱动旋转且螺母 41在其配合的螺杆 40上沿直线运 动, 从而助力组件驱动阀体 2沿直线运动。 本发明的助力器 100具有较高的传动效率。
[0028] 助力器 100还包括壳体 1, 阀体 2相对于壳体 1可在第一位置和第二位置之间沿纵向 直线地运动; 在输入转轴 60正向旋转时, 螺母 41在其配合的螺杆 40上沿前进行程直线运 动从而助力组件驱动阀体 2向第一位置直线地运动, 在输入转轴 60反向旋转时, 螺母 41在 其配合的螺杆 40上沿后退行程直线运动从而助力组件驱动阀体 2 向第二位置直线地运动。 壳体 1设置收容空间 10, 阀体 2包括第一端 21及与第一端 21相对的第二端 22, 第一端 21 收容在收容空间 10内, 第二端 22突出在收容空间 10夕卜。 可选地, 壳体 1上安装阀体导承 19, 阀体 2安装在阀体导承 19中, 从而阀体 2可以在阀体导承 19的导引下沿纵向运动。 壳 体 1还安装有护罩 13, 护罩 13大致呈喇叭形且具有可以伸縮变形的波纹结构, 护罩 13 的 大口与壳体 1结合。 突出在收容空间 10外的阀体 2的第二端 22从护罩 13的底端延伸到护 罩 13内。
[0029] 请结合详细参阅图 3及图 4所示, 阀体 2的第一端 21的端部设置第一沉孔 23, 第一 沉孔 23底部中央设置第二沉孔 24, 第二沉孔 24的直径小于第一沉孔 23的直径, 从而在第 一沉孔 23与第二沉孔 24之间形成台阶。 阀体 2的第二端 22的端部设置输入沉孔 25。 阀体 2的中部设置顶杆孔 27, 顶杆孔 27连通第二沉孔 24与输入沉孔 25。
[0030] 在本具体实施方式中, 将以助力组件包括两副滚珠螺杆为例来进行说明, 两副滚珠 螺杆的两根螺杆 40平行地安装于壳体 1的收容空间 10内部, 在每根螺杆 4正向旋转时, 螺 母 41在其配合的螺杆 4上沿前进行程直线运动, 在螺母 41的前进行程中助力组件驱动阀体 2 向第一位置直线地运动; 在每根螺杆 4反向旋转时, 螺母 41在其配合的螺杆 4上沿后退 行程直线运动。 可选地, 助力组件包括传动装置 6, 传动装置 6包括输入转轴 60, 且将输入 转轴 60 的旋转动力传递到每根螺杆 40。 具体地, 传动装置 6还包括至少两个输出轮 61、 62, 并且根据传动的需要可以包括若干中间齿轮 (未标号), 传动装置 6将输入转轴 60的旋 转动力经过变速, 转换为两个输出轮 61、 62的旋转动力, 每个输出轮 61、 62不可相对旋转 地连接一根螺杆 40, 从而将输入转轴 60的旋转动力传递到每根螺杆 40。 在一种可选的具体 实施方式中, 传动装置 6为齿轮传动装置, 齿轮传动装置具有安装到钢轴的塑料齿轮。 尽管 在根据本发明的一种具体的实施方式中, 传动装置 6被描述为齿轮传动机构形式, 但是本领 域的技术人员应当知道, 本发明不限于这种形式, 例如, 还可以是链轮传动、 皮带轮传动或 多种传动形式的组合。 如后面将详细描述的, 螺母 41不旋转而被旋转的螺杆 40推动, 螺母 41通过助力盘 42将助力传递到阀体 2上。 在踏板力消失时, 由于柱塞 32的运动, 行程传 感器 81将通知电控单元 8控制作为致动器 7的电机反转, 同时如下面将详细描述的, 第一 弹性部件 51将反推阀体 2回退。 虽然本具体实施方式的助力器 100包括两副滚珠螺杆, 但 是本领域的技术人员应当知道, 本发明的助力器 100并不限于两副滚珠螺杆, 其也可以包括 三副滚珠螺杆, 或者更多副的滚珠螺杆, 这些均在本发明的保护范围之内。 每副滚珠螺杆均 包括螺杆 40、 螺母 41及配合于螺杆 40与螺母 41之间的若干滚珠。 并且, 可选地, 至少两 副滚珠螺杆的螺杆 40 相对于阀体 2 轴对称地布置。 从而实现助力组件平衡地对阀体 2 施 力。
[0031] 助力组件还包括助力盘 42, 助力盘 42相对于阀体 2能纵向运动但不可相对旋转, 两 个螺母 41均不可相对旋转地安装于助力盘 42, 助力组件通过助力盘 42驱动阀体 2。 助力盘 42设置中心孔, 阀体 2穿过中心孔, 阀体 2设置助推台 20, 助推台 20靠近阀体 2的第一端 21设置。 在螺母 41的前进行程中助力盘 42抵靠助推台 20而驱动阀体 2。
[0032] 助力器 100还包括第一弹性部件 51。 在一种具体实施方式中, 第一弹性部件 51为螺 旋弹簧, 第一弹性部件 51安装在壳体 1与固定于阀体 2的推杆保持架 15之间, 并且第一弹 性部件 51被预压縮。 当然, 本领域的技术人员知道, 第一弹性部件 51还可以采用其他材料 制作, 也可以采用其他的方式安装第一弹性部件 51。 例如, 第一弹性部件 51可以是叠片弹 簧; 第一弹性部件 51的安装方式可以改变为直接安装在相对于壳体 1固定的制动主缸 11与 阀体 2之间。 相对于前一种安装方式, 这种安装方式只需要壳体 1让出位置 (例如在壳体 1 上第一弹性部件 51 占据的部位开孔), 第一弹性部件 51 即可接触到制动主缸 11 ; 只需要推 杆保持架 15让出位置 (例如, 縮小推杆保持架 15 ), 第一弹性部件 51 即可接触到阀体 2。 再例如, 前面的安装方式都是预压縮变形的, 本领域的技术人员知道, 第一弹性部件 51 还 可以采用拉伸变形的方式。 第一弹性部件 51 的各种变化或者改型都属于本发明的范围, 只 需要第一弹性部件 51 的弹性力可以直接或者间接地作用到阀体 2即可。 因此, 当阀体 2向 第一位置运动时, 第一弹性部件 51弹性变形而储存势能, 当第一弹性部件 51释放势能时, 第一弹性部件 51驱动阀体 2向第二位置运动。
[0033] 助力器 100还包括输入部件 3、 致动器 7、 电控单元 8及行程传感器 81, 输入部件 3 能在没有助力组件助力的情况下驱动阀体 2向第一位置直线地运动, 致动器 7连接输入转轴 60从而能够输出旋转动力到输入转轴 60, 行程传感器 81侦测输入部件 3的位移, 电控单元 8根据行程传感器 81侦测到的输入部件 3的位移控制致动器 7的工作。
[0034] 输入部件 3 能相对于阀体 2在休息位置和驱动位置之间往复运动。 输入部件 3包括 接受驾驶员的操作请求的踏板 (未图示)、 连接到踏板的输入杆 31 及连接到输入杆 31 的柱 塞 32。 输入部件 3 至少部分地安装在输入沉孔 25 中。 其中, 柱塞 32安装在输入沉孔 25 中, 并且至少部分的输入杆 31也安装在输入沉孔 25中。 输入沉孔 25纵向一端的开口中安 装弹性部件保持架 53, 一部分输入杆 31穿过弹性部件保持架 53中部的通孔及护罩 13顶端 的通孔以连接踏板。
[0035] 在一种具体实施方式中, 致动器 7 为能输出正向旋转及反向旋转动力的电机。 本领 域的技术人员清楚, 通过电路来切换电机的运转方向从而输出正向旋转及反向旋转动力, 通 常比机械换向更容易实现。 并且, 由于机械换向装置通常要求占据一定的体积, 因此, 致动 器 7采用能输出正向旋转及反向旋转动力的电机还会有助于縮小助力器 100的整体体积。
[0036] 在一种具体实施方式中, 行程传感器 81为磁体介质传感器。 径向贯通阀体 2设置导 槽 28, 导槽 28呈纵向延伸的长槽形, 固定于柱塞 32的键 814从柱塞 32的两侧径向伸出 来, 伸出来的键 814在相对两侧的导槽 28中可沿导槽 28往复纵向移动。 阀体 2外部安装磁 体保持架 812, 磁体保持架 812中安装磁体 810。 在如图 3所示的具体实施方式中, 磁体保 持架 812中安装有两块磁体 810。 磁体保持架 812活动地安装在阀体 2外部的槽 (未标号) 中, 并且能在槽的导引下纵向往复运动。 键 814 的一端穿过一侧的导槽 28 固定到磁体保持 架 812, 因此, 磁体保持架 812可随着柱塞 32 的运动而运动。 行程传感器 81 安装在磁体 810的外侧, 当磁体保持架 812及其中安装的两块磁体 810随着柱塞 32运动时, 行程传感 器 81 将感应到磁场的变化, 从而侦测出行程。 需要说明的是, 在图 3所示的具体实施方式 中, 磁体保持架 812及其中安装的两块磁体 810位于壳体 1 内部, 也说是说, 磁体保持架 812及其中安装的两块磁体 810位于壳体 1与阀体 2之间, 而行程传感器 81则设置在壳体 1 的外侧。
[0037] 输入部件 3 能相对于阀体 2在休息位置和驱动位置之间往复运动。 当输入部件 3相 对于阀体 2在休息位置和驱动位置之间往复运动时, 柱塞 32相应地在输入沉孔 25中沿纵向 往复运动。 输入部件 3与阀体 2之间设置第二弹性部件 52, 具体地, 第二弹性部件 52设置 在阀体 2的输入沉孔 25中。 可选地, 第二弹性部件 52—端安装在输入沉孔 25内的弹性部 件保持架 53上, 另一端安装到输入部件 3的输入杆 31上, 第二弹性部件 52具有一定的预 压縮量。 如果驾驶员未踩制动踏板, 则没有外力作用于输入部件 3, 在没有外力作用的情况 下, 输入部件 3 被第二弹性部件 52 的弹性力保持在休息位置。 输入部件 3 处于休息位置 时, 如图 3所示, 由于第二弹性部件 52的弹性, 固定于柱塞 32的键 814停靠于导槽 28的 靠近第二端的一端。 在踏板传来的外力驱动输入部件 3向驱动位置运动的过程中, 第二弹性 部件 52被压縮弹性变形而储存势能。 在输入部件 3到达驱动位置时, 如图 7所示, 柱塞 32 抵靠于阀体 2。 如果从踏板继续传来外力, 输入部件 3在外力的进一步作用下纵向地驱动阀 体 2向第一位置直线地运动。 如果驾驶员松开踏板, 踏板不再传来外力, 被压縮而储存了弹 性势能的第二弹性部件 52 将向回复的方向伸长而释放势能。 当第二弹性部件 52 释放势能 时, 第二弹性部件 52驱动输入部件 3向休息位置运动。
[0038] 在本发明的制动系统中, 制动主缸 11具有连接助力器 100的推杆 14的活塞 12, 通 过推杆保持架 15将推杆 14固定到阀体 2的第一端 21。 请重点结合参阅图 2到 4所示, 可 选地, 阀体 2与活塞 12之间安装由弹性材料制造的反作用盘 16, 具体地, 在阀体 2的第一 沉孔 23底部安装反作用盘 16, 而推杆 14端部具有增大部, 该增大部安装在第一沉孔 23中 安装的反作用盘 16外侧。 推杆保持架 15中部设置通孔, 推杆 14穿过推杆保持架 15中部的 通孔而连接到活塞 12, 但推杆 14端部的增大部被推杆保持架 15固定在第一沉孔 23中。 在 阀体 2的第二沉孔 24中安装柱塞盘 17, 由于第二沉孔 24与顶杆孔 27连通并且通过第一沉 孔 23 的底部中部与第一沉孔 23连通, 因此顶杆孔 27中活动的顶杆 18可以接触到柱塞盘 17, 并且柱塞盘 17可以接触到装在第一沉孔 23底部的反作用盘 16。
[0039] 本领域的技术人员知道, 在根据本发明的技术方案中, 传动装置 6 用于提供从旋转 运动到旋转运动的传动, 可以采用技术成熟的齿轮传动装置, 其制造容易且传动效率高。 旋 转运动在最后由滚珠螺杆转变为直线运动, 滚珠螺杆对于动力可以提供大的放大比例, 因此 需要输入的扭矩小, 而且齿轮对轴承 63的侧向力小, 有利于降低轴承 63的规格要求。 由于 滚珠螺杆的螺杆 40与螺母 41两者之间配合有滚珠, 故在运转时部件之间为滚动摩擦, 滚珠 螺杆的传动损失小。 另外, 滚珠螺杆是发展多年的成熟技术, 产业上已经具有精密的制造流 程, 与传统的螺纹的啮合相比滚珠螺杆的背隙 (backlash) 很小, 定位精确度高。 因此, 滚 珠螺杆能提供高效率而且高定位精度的旋转运动到直线运动的变化。 所以, 整体而言, 根据 本发明的技术方案传动效率高、 传动扭矩小、 定位精度高而且制造容易而可以提供良好的质 量保障。 因此, 相对于提供同样的助力的情况, 根据本发明的技术方案可以采用比传统技术 方案更小规格的致动器 7等部件, 从而降低成本并且减小助力器 100的体积; 而且齿轮可以 采用塑料齿轮, 从而降低成本并且减小重量, 并且减小旋转的传动部件的惯性。 例如, 齿轮 传动装置可具有安装到钢轴的塑料齿轮, 具有良好的综合性能。
[0040] 在具体的情况下, 助力器 100 可以按照助力驱动模式和人力驱动模式两种模式工 作。
[0041] 例如, 在致动器 7 及电控单元 8 等控制元件均正常工作的情况下, 驾驶员踩下制动 踏板时, 输入杆 31将外力传递到柱塞 32, 柱塞 32再推动顶杆 18, 同时通过键 814带动磁 体保持架 812。 当磁体保持架 812及其中安装的两块磁体 810运动时, 行程传感器 81将感 应到磁场的变化, 从而侦测出行程。 电控单元 8采集到行程传感器 81侦测出的信号判断出 制动需求, 从而命令作为致动器 7 的电机正向运转输出正向的旋转动力, 动力经输入转轴 60输入作为传动装置 6 的齿轮传动装置, 经过齿轮传动将旋转动力传递到两个输出轮 61、 62; 两个输出轮 61、 62的旋转运动是同步的, 从而同步驱动与两个输出轮 61、 62分别不可 相对旋转地连接的螺杆 40; 由于螺母 41不旋转, 因此, 螺杆 40相对于螺母 41旋转, 从而 驱动螺母 41沿前进行程纵向直线运动; 螺母 41推动助力盘 42, 助力盘 42将推力作用在助 推台 20上, 从而推动阀体 2向第一位置直线地运动; 阀体 2第一端 21的第二沉孔 24底部 将推力作用于反作用盘 16的外围环形的区域, 从而通过反作用盘 16将推力传递给安装在反 作用盘 16外侧的推杆 14, 从而推动推杆 14及连接到推杆 14的活塞 12—起运动, 同时作 为第一弹性部件 51 的弹簧被压縮变形而储存弹性势能。 请参阅图 6所示, 其中显示助力器 100按照助力驱动模式的示意图, 而请参阅图 7所示, 其中显示助力器 100按照助力驱动模 式达到最大助力的示意图。 需要补充说明的是, 顶杆 18在柱塞 32的推动下向前运动时, 顶 杆 18推动柱塞盘 17, 反作用盘 16与柱塞盘 17之间通常具有间隙, 顶杆 18推动柱塞盘 17 消除反作用盘 16与柱塞盘 17之间的间隙后, 柱塞盘 17压在反作用盘 16的中部区域。 反作 用盘 16通常为橡胶或者类似的弹性材料, 该材料的反作用盘 16受到压力的时候具有类似液 体的传递压强的效果, 当助力越来越大时, 反作用盘 16 的外围环形的区域受到的压力越来 越大, 压强同时将传递到反作用盘 16 的中部区域, 从而使得驾驶员可以感觉到压力变大, 因而可以获得良好的踩踏反馈。 因此, 助力器 100可以提供良好驾驶体验。 踏板推力通过顶 杆 18和柱塞盘 17传递到反作用盘 16上, 致动器 7的助力通过阀体 2也作用到反作用盘 16 上。 这两个力的合力通过反作用盘 16作用到输出推杆 14上。 当驾驶员松开制动踏板时, 表 示不再需要制动, 第二弹性部件 52释放弹性势能而推动输入杆 31, 输入杆 31 在第二弹性 部件 52的弹力推动作用下向休息位置恢复。 同时, 柱塞 32也向休息位置恢复, 同时通过键 814带动磁体保持架 812, 行程传感器 81将感应到磁场的变化, 从而侦测出行程变化, 电控 单元 8采集到行程传感器 81 侦测出的信号判断出制动需求被取消, 从而命令作为致动器 7 的电机反向运转输出反向的旋转动力, 进而驱动助力组件后退, 同时第一弹性部件 51 释放 弹性势能而推动阀体 2, 阀体 2在第一弹性部件 51 的弹力推动作用下向第二位置恢复。 可 选地, 在致动器 7 内设置有转角传感器 (未图示), 在助力状态下通过将转角传感器侦测到 的数据根据传动装置 6的传动比进行换算可以得知阀体 2的位置。 踏板推动柱塞 32的过程 中, 电控单元 8可控制阀体 2和柱塞 32的相对位置。 助力器 100在正常助力工作过程中, 由于始终保持阀体 2和柱塞 32的相对位置, 因此阀体 2和柱塞 32没有纵向的相互作用力。
[0042] 又例如, 在致动器 7、 电控单元 8等控制元件或传动装置 6等部件出现故障而不能正 常工作的情况下, 驾驶员踩下制动踏板时, 输入杆 31将外力传递到柱塞 32, 同时压縮第二 弹性部件 52而储存弹性势能。 柱塞 32再推动顶杆 18, 同时柱塞 32通过键 814带动磁体保 持架 812; 但是, 此时由于致动器 7因故无法提供助力, 因此螺杆 40不旋转; 由于螺杆 40 不旋转, 因此螺母 41及助力盘 42保持不动; 直到输入部件 3到达驱动位置时, 如图 7所 示, 柱塞 32抵靠于阀体 2; 如果从踏板继续传来外力, 输入部件 3在外力的进一步作用下 驱动阀体 2向第一位置直线地运动; 从而阀体 2推动推杆 14及连接到推杆 14的活塞 12— 起运动, 同时作为第一弹性部件 51 的弹簧被压縮变形而储存弹性势能。 如果驾驶员松开踏 板, 踏板不再传来外力, 被压縮而储存了弹性势能的第一弹性部件 51 释放弹性势能而推动 阀体 2, 阀体 2在第一弹性部件 51 的弹力推动作用下向第二位置恢复; 最后被压縮而储存 了弹性势能的第二弹性部件 52也将伸长而释放势能, 当第二弹性部件 52释放势能时, 第二 弹性部件 52驱动输入部件 3向休息位置运动。
[0043] 本领域的普通技术人员知道, 螺母 41 与阀体 2 不限于通过一个助力盘 42 实现联 动, 可以有多种其他形式实现螺母 41与阀体 2联动。 例如, 可以在阀体 2与螺母 41之间设 置有连接机构 (未图示), 连接机构一部分固定于螺母 41, 另一部分连接于阀体 2。 具体 地, 作为举例, 该连接机构可以是连接于螺母 41 与阀体 2之间的导轨机构, 该导轨机构限 制螺母 41与阀体 2相对转动但允许螺母 41与阀体 2在一定的行程内沿轴向相对滑动。
[0044] 相较于现有的助力装置, 本发明的助力器 100 具有较高的传动效率, 并且, 结构设 计合理、 体积较小, 成本低廉。
[0045] 以上具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明, 而并非对本发明的限制, 有关技术领域的普 通技术人员, 在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下, 还可以做出各种变化和变型。 例如, 柱塞 32和顶杆 18可以整体制造为一个零件, 还可以用其他位移传感器 (如, 安装于踏板的角位 移传感器等) 得到输入部件 3的位移。 因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴, 本发 明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims

权利要求项
1. 助力器 (100), 其特征在于, 其包括:
阀体 (2);
助力组件, 其包括滚珠螺杆, 所述滚珠螺杆包括螺杆 (40)、 螺母 (41) 及配合于所述螺杆 (40) 与螺母 (41) 之间的若干滚珠, 螺母 (41) 与阀体 (2) 联动, 所述螺母 (41) 在其 配合的所述螺杆 (40) 上沿直线运动, 从而驱动所述阀体 (2) 沿直线运动。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 所述助力组件包括至少两副滚珠螺杆及传 动装置 (6), 所述传动装置 (6) 包括输入转轴 (60), 所述输入转轴 (60) 与所述螺杆
(40) 联动, 且将所述输入转轴 (60) 的旋转动力传递到每根所述螺杆 (40)。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 所述助力组件还包括助力盘 (42), 所述螺 母 (41) 不可相对旋转地安装于所述助力盘 (42), 所述助力组件通过所述助力盘 (42) 驱 动所述阀体 (2)。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的助力器 (100), 其还包括壳体 (1), 所述阀体 (2) 相对于所述壳 体 (1) 可在第一位置和第二位置之间沿纵向直线地运动; 在所述输入转轴 (60) 正向旋转 时, 所述螺母 (41) 在其配合的所述螺杆 (40) 上沿前进行程直线运动从而所述助力组件驱 动所述阀体 (2) 向所述第一位置直线地运动, 在所述输入转轴 (60) 反向旋转时, 所述螺 母 (41) 在其配合的所述螺杆 (40) 上沿后退行程直线运动从而所述助力组件驱动所述阀体
(2) 向所述第二位置直线地运动。
5. 根据权利要求 2 所述的助力器 (100), 其还包括输入部件 (3)、 致动器 (7)、 电控单元 (8) 及行程传感器 (81), 所述输入部件 (3) 能在没有助力组件助力的情况下驱动所述阀 体 (2) 向所述第一位置直线地运动, 致动器 (7) 能输出旋转动力到所述输入转轴 (60), 所述行程传感器 (81) 侦测所述输入部件 (3) 的位移, 所述电控单元 (8) 根据所述行程传 感器 (81) 侦测到的所述输入部件 (3) 的位移控制所述致动器 (7) 的工作。
6. 根据权利要求 3 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 所述助力盘 (42) 设置中心孔, 所述阀体 (2) 穿过所述中心孔, 所述阀体 (2) 设置助推台 (20), 所述螺母 (41) 通过所述助力盘 (42) 抵靠所述助推台 (20) 而驱动所述阀体 (2)。
7. 根据权利要求 4 所述的助力器 (100), 其还包括第一弹性部件 (51), 当所述阀体 (2) 向所述第一位置运动时, 所述第一弹性部件 (51) 弹性变形而储存势能, 当所述第一弹性部 件 (51) 释放势能时, 所述第一弹性部件 (51) 驱动所述阀体 (2) 向所述第二位置运动。
8. 根据权利要求 5 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 所述输入部件 (3) 能相对于所述阀体 (2) 在休息位置和驱动位置之间往复运动, 所述输入部件 (3 ) 与所述阀体 (2) 之间设置 第二弹性部件 (52), 在没有外力作用的情况下所述输入部件 (3 ) 被第二弹性部件 (52) 的 弹性力保持在所述休息位置, 在外力驱动所述输入部件 (3 ) 向所述驱动位置运动过程中, 所述第二弹性部件 (52) 弹性变形而储存势能, 在所述输入部件 (3 ) 到达所述驱动位置时 所述输入部件 (3 ) 在外力的进一步作用下驱动所述阀体 (2) 运动, 当所述第二弹性部件
( 52 ) 释放势能时, 所述第二弹性部件 (52 ) 驱动所述输入部件 (3 ) 向所述休息位置运 动。
9. 根据权利要求 2 所述的助力器 (100 ), 其还包括连接所述输入转轴 (60 ) 的致动器 (7), 所述致动器 (7) 为能输出正向及反向旋转动力的电机, 所述至少两副滚珠螺杆的螺 杆 (40) 相对于所述阀体 (2) 轴对称地布置。
10. 根据权利要求 2 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 所述传动装置 (6) 为齿轮传动装置, 所 述齿轮传动装置具有安装到钢轴的塑料齿轮。
11. 根据权利要求 5 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 所述行程传感器 (81 ) 为磁体介质传感 器。
12. 根据权利要求 1 所述的助力器 (100), 其中, 阀体 (2) 与螺母之间设置有连接机构, 所述连接机构一部分固定于所述螺母 (41 ), 另一部分与阀体 (2) 连接。
13. 制动系统, 其特征在于, 其包括根据权利要求 1至 12中任一项所述的助力器 (100) 及 液压系统, 所述液压系统包括具有活塞 (12) 的制动主缸 (11 ), 所述阀体 (2) 连接到所述 活塞 (12)。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的制动系统, 其中, 所述阀体 (2) 与所述活塞 (12) 之间安装弹 性材料制造的反作用盘 (16)。
PCT/CN2013/086822 2012-11-12 2013-11-11 助力器及制动系统 WO2014071876A1 (zh)

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