Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C15/00—Tyre beads, e.g. ply turn-up or overlap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
  • B60C2009/0021—Coating rubbers for steel cords
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
  • D07B1/0626—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration the reinforcing cords consisting of three core wires or filaments and at least one layer of outer wires or filaments, i.e. a 3+N configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
  • D07B1/0633—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration having a multiple-layer configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2002—Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2002—Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
  • D07B2201/2005—Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape oval
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2046—Strands comprising fillers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

• In situ gummed cable comprising a composition comprising a styrene-butadiene copolymer
• the invention relates to a gummed metal cable in situ for the reinforcement of tires, particularly tires for heavy industrial vehicles.
• a gummed cable in situ two layers comprising inner and outer layers and a layer of a rubber composition sheathing the inner layer.
• each capillary or gap between the wires of the inner layer and between the wires of the inner and outer layers is filled at least in part, continuously or non-continuously along the axis of the cable, by the rubber composition.
• This cable is assembled, for example by wiring, in an installation by implementing a manufacturing process in which the wires of the inner layer are wound in a helix. Then, the inner layer thus wound is passed through an extrusion head to sheath the layer of the rubber composition. Then, winding the son of the outer layer helically around the intermediate layer and sheathed. Then, the cable is passed in balancing means of the installation comprising for example a twister or a retord eu / trainer. Finally, the cable is stored on a storage reel.
• the rubber composition protrudes radially beyond the periphery of the cable (where the amount of the rubber composition is too high), or the rubber composition does not fill all the capillaries or interstices of the cable (where the amount of the rubber composition is too small).
• the excess of this composition is deposited in the installation, in particular on the balancing means and the storage means.
• the continuous fouling of these means by the rubber requires regular shutdown of the installation to clean them, which is not desirable if one wants to operate continuously the installation.
• the object of the invention is therefore a simple and inexpensive means industrially to avoid the radial overflow of the rubber composition.
• the subject of the invention is a metal cable gummed in situ by a rubber composition comprising a styrene-butadiene copolymer comprising:
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer imparts to the rubber composition a fluidity lower than that imparted by other diene elastomers, especially natural rubber. Thus, during the sheathing of the cable according to the invention, it reduces or even eliminates the risk of radial overflow of the rubber composition.
• the copolymer comprises units derived from the copolymerization of styrene, for example styrenic units (of a weight y).
• the copolymer also comprises units derived from the copolymerization of butadiene, for example 1,4-trans-butene units forming trans-1,4 bonds (of a weight x) and optionally 1,4-cis-butene units forming cis-1, 4 (of n-weight) and vinylic bonds (of weight m, also referred to as 1,2-butene units).
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR for "stryrene-butadiene rubber”) should not be confused with thermoplastic elastomers derived from the polymerization of identical blocks of styrene-butadiene monomers, also called block copolymers.
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer is diene, non-thermoplastic.
• rubber composition is meant that the composition comprises at least one elastomer or a rubber (both terms being synonymous) and at least one additive.
• the cable of the invention is a cable gummed in situ, that is to say that it is erased from the inside, during its manufacture itself (so in the raw state of manufacture), by the rubber.
• each of the capillaries or interstices (the two interchangeable terms denoting voids, free spaces in the absence of the rubber composition) located between the son of the same layer and two layers adjacent, are filled at least in part, continuously or not along the axis of the cable, by the rubber composition.
• the proportion of styrenic units is between 27 and 31% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the copolymer
• the proportion of trans-1,4 bond is between 75 and 81% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the butadiene portion of the copolymer.
• the copolymer comprises a proportion of cis-1,4 bonds between 12 and 21% inclusive, preferably between 14 and 19% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the butadiene part of the copolymer.
• the copolymer comprises a proportion of vinyl units of between 1 and 7% inclusive, preferably between 3 and 5% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the butadiene portion of the copolymer.
• composition may contain, in addition to the styrene-butadiene copolymer confirms the invention one or more other diene elastomers, for example natural rubber.
• the rubber composition comprises between 50 and 100 pce inclusive terminals, preferably between 70 and 100 pce included terminals and more preferably between 80 and 100 pce included terminals of the styrene-butadiene copolymer.
• the composition comprises as sole diene elastomer the styrene-butadiene copolymer.
• the composition does not comprise other diene elastomers than the styrene-butadiene copolymer, or else the styrene-butadiene copolymer is the only diene elastomer of the composition.
• the composition comprises a reinforcing filler.
• a reinforcing filler When a reinforcing filler is used, it is possible to use any type of reinforcing filler known for its ability to reinforce a rubber composition that can be used for manufacturing tires, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, a filler reinforcing inorganic such as silica, or a blend of these two types of filler, including a blend of carbon black and silica.
• an organic filler such as carbon black
• a filler reinforcing inorganic such as silica
• a blend of these two types of filler including a blend of carbon black and silica.
• Suitable carbon blacks are all carbon blacks conventionally used in tires (so-called pneumatic grade blacks).
• organic fillers other than carbon blacks
• any inorganic or mineral filler (whatever its color and origin (natural or synthetic), also called “white” filler, charge “clear” or “non-black filler” as opposed to carbon black, capable of reinforcing on its own, with no other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition for manufacturing
• it is capable of replacing, in its reinforcing function, a conventional carbon black of pneumatic grade, which load is generally characterized, in a known manner, by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) at its stage. area.
• reinforcing inorganic filler is indifferent, whether in the form of powder, microbeads, granules, beads or any other suitable densified form.
• reinforcing inorganic filler also refers to mixtures of different reinforcing inorganic fillers, in particular highly dispersible siliceous and / or aluminous fillers as described below.
• Suitable reinforcing inorganic fillers include mineral fillers of the siliceous type, in particular silica (SiO 2), or of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (Al 2 O 3).
• the silica used may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, especially any precipitated or pyrogenated silica having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / boy Wut.
• HDS highly dispersible precipitated silicas
• the total reinforcing filler content (carbon black and / or reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica) is within a range from 10 to 100 phr included terminals, more preferably from 20 to 90 phr included terminals, more particularly 30 at 80 pce terminals included.
• the carbon black may advantageously constitute the majority reinforcing filler, and preferably the only reinforcing filler.
• majority it is understood that the proportion by weight of carbon black is greater than the proportion by weight of the rest of the other reinforcing fillers of the composition, that these fillers are organic or inorganic, such as silica.
• the rubber composition comprises between 20 and 70 pce inclusive terminals, preferably between 30 and 70 pce inclusive terminals and more preferably between 35 and 60 pce inclusive terminals of carbon black.
• carbon black may also be used in blending with other reinforcing fillers and in particular reinforcing inorganic fillers as described above, and in particular silica.
• the composition comprises various additives.
• compositions may also comprise all or part of the usual additives usually used in elastomer compositions intended for the manufacture of tires, for example plasticizers or extension oils, whether these are of aromatic nature or not.
• plasticizers or extension oils whether these are of aromatic nature or not.
• -aromatic, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins such as bismaleimides, for example rosin, acceptors (for example novolac phenolic resin) or methylene donors (eg HMT or H3M) and non-reinforcing fillers such as chalk or talc.
• an adhesion promoter for example a cobalt or nickel salt, is commonly used for the compositions intended to be in contact with a metallic reinforcing element.
• the composition comprises a crosslinking system, more preferably vulcanization.
• the crosslinking system here vulcanization, is based on sulfur donor agents, for example sulfur, and / or peroxide and / or bismaleimides, and includes vulcanization accelerators. , vulcanization activators, vulcanization retarders.
• the vulcanization system comprises sulfur and an accelerator.
• the accelerator is chosen from tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (abbreviated as "TBZTD”) and the sulfenamide family consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (abbreviated "MBTS”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide ( abbreviated as “CBS”), N, N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (abbreviated “DCBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (abbreviated as "TBBS”), N-ter- butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenimide (abbreviated "TBSI”) and mixtures of these compounds.
• TBZTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disul
• the vulcanization system comprises other accelerators and vulcanization activators such as zinc oxide, stearic acid, a guanidine derivative, for example diphenylguanidine).
• the vulcanization system also comprises a vulcanization retarder such as N- (cyclohexylthio) phthalimide (abbreviated "CTP").
• Sulfur or sulfur donor agent is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 pce inclusive limits, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 pce inclusive limits. All accelerators, retarders and vulcanization activators are used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 15 pce inclusive. The primary vulcanization accelerator is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 pce inclusive, more preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 pce inclusive.
• the glass transition temperature of the styrene-butadiene copolymer measured according to ASTM D-3418 is between -51 ° C. and -59 ° C. inclusive and preferably between -53 ° C and -57 ° C terminals included.
• the Mooney plasticity of the composition is greater than or equal to 70 Mooney units, preferably 75 Mooney units and more preferably 80 Mooney units.
• each capillary or interstice described above comprises at least one rubber stopper; in others terms and preferentially, there is at least one rubber stopper every 3 cm, preferably every 2 cm of cable, which obstructs each capillary or interstice of the cable in such a way that, in the air permeability test described below this cable has, for at least 90% of the measurements, an average air flow rate of less than 2 cm 3 / min, more preferably less than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / min.
• the cable comprises several layers of yarns, at least one layer of yarns being sheathed by the rubber composition.
• the cable comprises at least one saturated layer of N son, that is to say that there is not enough room in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th thread of the same diameter as the N son of this layer, N then representing the maximum number of windable son in a layer around the layer.
• the cable comprises at least one unsaturated layer of N wires, that is to say that there is sufficient space in this layer to add at least one (N + 1) th thread of the same diameter as the N son of this layer.
• the cable is compact.
• the layers of the cable are then wound in the same direction of torsion (S or Z) and at the same pitch.
• S or Z torsion
• the compactness is such that virtually no distinct layer of wires is visible;
• the cross-section of such cables has an outline that is polygonal and non-cylindrical.
• the cable is non-compact, also called cylindrical layers.
• the layers of the cable are wound either in different steps or in different directions of torsion.
• the son or son of the different layers are preferably steel, more preferably carbon steel. But it is of course possible to use other steels, for example a stainless steel, or other alloys.
• wire rope is defined by a cable formed of son consist predominantly (that is to say for more than 50% of these son) or integrally (for 100% son) of a metal material.
• the invention is preferably implemented with a steel cable, more preferably carbonaceous pearlitic (or ferrito-pearlitic) steel, hereinafter referred to as "carbon steel", or else stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least minus 11% chromium and at least 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.
• carbon steel carbon content
• its carbon content is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%.
• a carbon content of between 0.5% and 0.6% makes such steels ultimately less expensive because easier to draw.
• Another advantageous embodiment of the invention may also consist, depending on the applications concerned, of using steels with a low carbon content, for example between 0.2% and 0.5%, in particular because of a cost lower and easier to draw.
• the metal or the steel used may itself be coated with a metal layer improving, for example, the setting properties.
• a metal layer improving, for example, the setting properties.
• the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc. It is recalled that during the wire manufacturing process, the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber. But the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
• the cable comprises an inner layer of wires and an outer layer of wires wrapped around the inner layer.
• a cable is of the two-layer type.
• the cable comprises a layer of the rubber composition sheathing the inner layer.
• the cable comprises an intermediate layer of wires wound around the inner layer, the son of the outer layer being wrapped around the intermediate layer.
• a cable is of the three-layer type.
• the cable comprises an inner layer of the rubber composition sheathing the inner layer and / or an intermediate layer of the rubber composition sheathing the intermediate layer.
• the cable comprises a layer of the rubber composition sheathing at least one non-outer layer of the cable.
• the cable comprises a plurality of strand layers, at least one strand layer being sheathed by the rubber composition.
• Such a cable is called multistrand cable and has, for example, a structure (N + M) x (P + Q), that is to say comprising an inner layer of N strand (s) around which is wound an outer layer of M strands.
• Each inner and outer layer strand comprises an inner layer of P wires around which is wound an outer layer of Q wires.
• An example of a multistrand cable is that of structure (1 + 6) x (3 + 9).
• at least one layer of strands is sheathed regardless of whether the strand layers of each strand are also sheathed or not.
• Another object of the invention is a semi-finished product comprising a metal cable as defined above embedded in a coating rubber composition.
• Examples of semi-finished products are crown reinforcement plies and carcass reinforcement plies.
• the sheath rubber composition may be chosen to be identical to the coating rubber composition in contact with which it is. Thus, there is no problem of compatibility between the sheathing and coating compositions.
• the sheath rubber composition may be chosen different from the coating rubber composition in contact with which it is.
• the invention relates to a tire comprising a metal cable as defined above.
• the subject of the invention is a use in a gummed cable in situ of a styrene-butadiene copolymer comprising:
• the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a metal cable gummed in situ by a rubber composition, in which:
• the rubber composition comprising a styrene-butadiene copolymer comprising:
• At least one inner portion of the wire rope is sheathed with the rubber composition between two steps of assembling the wire rope.
• FIG. 1 a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed rectilinear and at rest) of a cable according to a first embodiment of the invention
• Figures 3 to 5 are views similar to that of Figure 2 of cables respectively according to second, third and fourth embodiments
• FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 of a multistrand cable according to the invention.
• the tire 10 has a vertex 12 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 14, two sidewalls 16 and two beads 18, each of these beads 18 being reinforced with a rod 20.
• the top 12 is surmounted by a tread represented in this schematic figure.
• a carcass reinforcement 22 is wound around the two rods 20 in each bead 18 and comprises an upturn 24 disposed towards the outside of the tire 10 which is shown here mounted on a rim 26.
• the carcass reinforcement 22 is in known manner constituted of at least one sheet reinforced by so-called "radial” cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other so as to form an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is situated halfway between the two beads 18 and goes through the middle of the crown frame 14).
• Each crown reinforcement 14 and carcass 22 comprises respectively at least one crown ply and carcass of which all or part of the reinforcing cables are metal cables according to the invention.
• the cables of the invention may, for example, reinforce all or part of the working crown plies, or plies (or half-plies). webs) triangulation top and / or top protection webs, where such top triangulation or protection webs are used.
• the crown reinforcement 14 of the tire of the invention may of course comprise other crown plies, for example one or more crown plies.
• the tire 10 is intended for example for vehicles selected from passenger vehicles, industrial vehicles, the latter being chosen from vans, heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods" - ie, subway, bus, transport vehicles road transport (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or engineering machinery, aircraft, other transport or handling vehicles.
• the tire 10 is intended for the industrial vehicles described above. More preferably, the tire is intended for a truck type vehicle.
• FIG. 2 shows an example of a cable 30 according to a first embodiment.
• the cable 30 is metallic and of the two-layer type, regardless of the presence or absence of a shrink layer.
• the cable 30 comprises an inner layer C1 consisting of M inner wires helically wound at pitch pl.
• M 3.
• the cable 30 also comprises an intermediate layer C2 consisting of N intermediate son helically wound at pitch p2 around the inner layer C1.
• N 9.
• the winding directions of the layer wires are all identical, that is to say either in the direction S ("S / S” arrangement) or in the Z direction (“Z / Z” arrangement) .
• Each diameter d1, d2 is between 0.22 and 0.50 mm inclusive.
• the son of the layers C1, C2 are preferably made of carbon steel coated with brass.
• the carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) which are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, to a neighboring intermediate diameter. of 1 mm.
• the steel used for the cable 10 is a carbon steel whose carbon content is 0.7%, the remainder being made of iron and the usual unavoidable impurities related to the steel manufacturing process. Alternatively, a carbon steel with a carbon content of about 0.92% and about 0.2% chromium is used.
• the intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before further processing. After deposition of a brass coating on these intermediate son, is carried on each wire a so-called "final" work hardening (ie, after the last patenting heat treatment), by cold drawing in a moist medium with a drawing lubricant which is for example in the form of an emulsion or an aqueous dispersion.
• the brass coating that surrounds the son has a very small thickness, significantly less than a micrometer, for example of the order of 0.15 to 0.30 ⁇ , which is negligible compared to the diameter of the steel son.
• the composition of the wire steel in its various elements eg C, Cr, Mn
• the cable 30 also comprises a layer 32 of a rubber composition sheathing the inner layer C1.
• the gum layer 32 is present in the central channel formed by the three core wires and in each of the interstices or capillaries located between the M core wires and the N son of the outer layer C2 located by black triangles in the figures.
• the rubber composition of layer 32 comprises a diene elastomer, in this case a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR).
• SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
• the rubber composition 32 comprises between 50 and 100 pce inclusive limits, preferably between 70 and 100 pce inclusive limits and more preferably between 80 and 100 pce included terminals of the styrene-butadiene copolymer.
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer constitutes all (100 phr) of the diene elastomer.
• the composition 32 also comprises a reinforcing filler, a crosslinking system comprising sulfur, an accelerator and various additives.
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer comprises a proportion of styrenic units of between 25 and 35% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the copolymer, and a proportion of trans-1,4 bond between 73 and 83% included in the limits. weight of the total weight of the butadiene part of the copolymer.
• the proportion of styrenic units is between 27 and 31% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the copolymer, here 29%.
• the proportion of trans-1,4 bond is between 73 and 83% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the butadiene portion of the copolymer, here 78%.
• the copolymer comprises a proportion of cis-1,4 bonds comprised between 12 and 21% inclusive, preferably between 14 and 19% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the butadiene portion of the copolymer, here %.
• the copolymer comprises a proportion of vinyl units of between 1 and 7% inclusive, preferably between 3 and 5% inclusive by weight of the total weight of the butadiene portion of the copolymer.
• the reinforcing filler comprising predominantly by weight of the carbon black, for example between 20 and 70 phr included terminals, preferably between 30 and 70 pce inclusive terminals and more preferably between 35 and 60 pce inclusive terminals of carbon black, here 45 phr.
• the Mooney plasticity of the composition is greater than or equal to 70 Mooney units and preferably 75 Mooney units and more preferably 80 Mooney units, here equal to 80 Mooney units.
• the cable 30 of the second mode is of the cylindrical layer type.
• Each layer C1, C2 has a cylindrical envelope giving each corresponding layer C1, C2 its substantially circular contour.
• the winding directions of the layer wires are all identical, that is to say either in the direction S ("S / S" arrangement) or in the Z direction ("Z" position / Z ") and p1 ⁇ p2.
• the winding directions of the layers son are different and p1 ⁇ p2.
• FIG. 4 shows an example of a cable according to a third embodiment. Elements similar to those illustrated with reference to the previous embodiments are designated by identical references.
• the cable 30 according to the third embodiment comprises an outer layer C3 consisting of P external wires of diameter d3 wound helically around the intermediate layer C2 at a step p3.
• the cable 30 is of the compact type.
• the cable 30 according to the third embodiment also comprises a layer 34 of a rubber composition sheathing the intermediate layer C2.
• the layer 34 is present in each of the interstices or capillaries located between the N son of the intermediate layer C2 and the P son of the outer layer C3.
• FIG. 5 shows an example of a cable according to a fourth embodiment. Elements similar to those illustrated with reference to the previous embodiments are designated by identical references.
• the cable 30 according to the fourth embodiment comprises an outer layer C3 consisting of P external son diameter d3 wound helically around the intermediate layer C2 at a step p3.
• the cable 30 according to the fifth embodiment also comprises a layer of rubber 34 sheathing the intermediate layer C2.
• the characteristics of this layer 34 are deduced mutatis mutandis from that of the layer 34 of the fourth embodiment.
• FIG. 6 shows an example of a multistrand cable according to the invention and designated by the general reference 40.
• the multi-strand cable 40 is of the two-layer cylindrical type.
• the outer strands TE are wound helically around the inner layer I.
• Each strand T1, TE consists of a cable 30 according to the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3.
• the cable according to the invention can be embedded in a semi-finished product, for example by calendering, in a coating rubber composition.
• the coating composition may or may not be identical to the sheathing composition of the cable according to the invention.
• the styrene-butadiene copolymer is manufactured, for example by solution copolymerization.
• a solvent maintained in a reactor maintained under nitrogen is mixed with cyclohexane, barium ethyl glycolate and trioctylaluminum.
• the reaction temperature is maintained at 40 ° C for 20 minutes.
• a solvent for example cyclohexane, butadiene, styrene, the previously formed cocatalyst and a reaction initiator, for example n-butyl lithium, is mixed in a reactor maintained under nitrogen.
• the temperature of the copolymerization reaction is maintained above 80 ° C for 40 minutes.
• the copolymerization reaction is stopped with methanol.
• the elastomer is separated from its polymerization solvent either by evaporation under vacuum or by steam stripping.
• the product thus obtained may for example be dried in an oven.
• the sheathing composition of the cable according to the invention is manufactured in appropriate mixers, using two successive preparation phases well known to those skilled in the art: a first phase of work or thermomechanical mixing (sometimes referred to as “phase”). non-productive ”) at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature (denoted Tmax) of between 1 10 ° C and 190 ° C, preferably between 130 ° C and 180 ° C, followed by a second mechanical working phase (Sometimes referred to as a "productive" phase) at a lower temperature, lower than 50 ° C, here equal to 30 ° C, finishing phase during which the vulcanization system is optionally incorporated.
• phase thermomechanical mixing
• Tmax maximum temperature
• a second mechanical working phase (Sometimes referred to as a "productive" phase) at a lower temperature, lower than 50 ° C, here equal to 30 ° C, finishing phase during which the vulcanization system is optionally incorporated.
• the first phase is conducted in a single thermomechanical step during which is introduced, in a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer, initially all the constituents basic materials required (diene elastomer, reinforcing filler and optional coupling agent), then in a second step, for example after one to two minutes of mixing, any additional processing agents and other various additives.
• a suitable mixer such as a conventional internal mixer
• the total mixing time, in this non-productive phase is preferably between 2 and 10 minutes.
• the vulcanization system comprising in particular sulfur, optionally the vulcanization accelerator, and if this was not done during the non-productive phase, zinc oxide and stearic acid, generally in an external mixer such as a two-roll mixer.
• the whole is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes, for example between 5 and 15 minutes.
• the cladding composition is then obtained.
• the cable is assembled and sheathed at least an inner portion of the cable, here the inner layer C1 with the rubber composition by implementing, for example, a method as described in WO2009 / 083213.
• the inner layer C1 is sheathed between the step of assembling the inner layer C1 and the step of assembling the outer layer C2.
• the cable is assembled and the inner layers C1 and C2 are sheathed by, for example, implementing a method as described hereinabove. in WO2010 / 054791.
• the inner layer C1 is sheathed between the step of assembling the inner layer C1 and the step of assembling the intermediate layer C2 and, on the other hand, the layer is sheathed.
• intermediate C2 between the assembly step of the intermediate layer C2 and the assembly step of the outer layer C3.
• compositions according to the prior art known to those skilled in the art were compared.
• the composition "Invention” is that of the layers 32, 34 of the various embodiments of the cables according to the invention above.
• the "Invention” composition comprises a styrene-butadiene copolymer comprising:
• Control and “Invention” composition is prepared according to a process in accordance with the process according to the invention, with the exception of the nature of the diene elastomer for the "control" composition.
• the antioxidant is N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine ("Santoflex 6-PPD” from the company FLEXSYS).
• the vulcanization accelerator is N-dicyclohexylbenzothiazol sulfenamide ("Santocure DCBS" from the company FLEXSYS).
• Mooney plasticity is achieved using a consistometer according to ASTM D 1646-99.
• the Mooney plasticity measurement is carried out according to the following principle: the generally raw mixture is molded in a cylindrical chamber heated to a given temperature, usually 100 ° C. After a minute of preheating, a type L rotor rotates within the test tube at 2 revolutions per minute and the useful torque is measured to maintain this movement after 4 minutes of rotation.
• the relative diameter is the ratio between the diameter of the cable gummed “Witness" on the cable diameter observed.
• This test makes it possible to determine the longitudinal permeability to air of the cables tested, by measuring the volume of air passing through a specimen under constant pressure for a given time.
• the principle of such a test is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the treatment of a cable to make it impermeable to air; it has been described for example in ASTM D2692-98.
• the test is performed here on raw cables manufacturing, having undergone a subsequent coating and baking.
• the raw cables must be, before the test, coated from the outside with a so-called coating gum.
• a series of 10 cables arranged in parallel is placed between two skims (two rectangles of 80 x 200 mm) of a rubber composition in the raw state, each skim having a thickness 3.5 mm; the whole is then locked in a mold, each of the cables being kept under a sufficient tension (for example 2 daN) to ensure its straightness during the establishment in the mold, using clamping modules; then the vulcanization (baking) is carried out for 40 min at a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 15 bar (rectangular piston 80 x 200 mm).
• the test is carried out over a predetermined length (for example 3 cm or even 2 cm) of cable, thus coated by its surrounding coating gum in the cooked state, as follows: air is sent to the inlet of the cable, under a pressure of 1 bar, and the volume of air at the outlet is measured using a flow meter (calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm 3 / min).
• a flow meter calibrated for example from 0 to 500 cm 3 / min.
• the cable sample is locked in a compressed seal (eg a dense foam or rubber seal) in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other, along its longitudinal axis, is taken into account by the measure; the tightness of the seal itself is checked before using a test piece of solid eraser, that is to say without cable.
• a compressed seal eg a dense foam or rubber seal
• the average air flow measured (average of the 10 specimens) is even lower than the longitudinal imperviousness of the cable is high.
• the measured values less than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / min are considered as zero; they correspond to a cable that can be described as airtight (totally airtight) along its axis (ie, in its longitudinal direction).
• airtight totally airtight
• a so-called "airtight" cable in the longitudinal direction is characterized by an average air flow rate of less than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / min.
• the external appearance note corresponds to a human observation of the cable after its manufacture. If no particle of gum is visible to the naked eye at the periphery of the cable, the score is 5. In this case, the skilled person is unable to make a difference between a cable gummed in situ of a cable of similar structure not comprising an eraser. If the cable is completely covered with rubber, the note is equal to 0. Between these two notes, the more the cable is covered with rubber, the lower the note. Note 3 corresponds to a cable comprising isolated points of radial overflow of the eraser.
• Mooney plasticity ML (1 +4) of the composition "Invention” is significantly greater than that of the composition "Control”.
• the fluidity of the "Invention” composition is therefore lower than that of the "Control” composition, which avoids the radial overflow of the composition.
• the cable according to the invention has a substantially equal diameter, or slightly less than that of the control cable, which indicates a better confinement of the cladding composition inside the cable.
• the cable according to the invention has a penetration ability substantially equivalent to those of the control cable. 100% of the measurements made on the control cable lead to a flow rate of less than or equal to 0.2 cm 3 / min and 90% of the measurements made on the cable of the invention lead to a flow rate of less than or equal to 0 , 2 cm 3 / min. It is considered that the result of 90% is largely sufficient for the cable to be sufficiently penetrated by the rubber.
• the cable according to the invention has an aspect note greater than that of the control cable.
• the cable according to the invention does not have gum at its periphery, which prevents clogging of the manufacturing facility and therefore the stops of the latter.
• the invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments.
• Some son could be non-circular section, for example plastically deformed, in particular substantially oval section or polygonal, for example triangular, square or rectangular.
• the son of circular section or not, for example a corrugated wire, can be twisted, twisted helical or zig-zag shape.
• the diameter of the wire represents the diameter of the cylinder of imaginary revolution which surrounds the wire (space diameter), and no longer the diameter (or any other transverse size, if its section is not circular) of the core wire itself.
• linear son that is to say right, and conventional circular cross section.
• the cable may also comprise a hooping layer consisting of a hoop wire wound helically around the outer layer.

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