WO2014059884A1 - 光学活性2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的代谢物标志物、其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents

光学活性2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的代谢物标志物、其制备方法及用途 Download PDF

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WO2014059884A1
WO2014059884A1 PCT/CN2013/084814 CN2013084814W WO2014059884A1 WO 2014059884 A1 WO2014059884 A1 WO 2014059884A1 CN 2013084814 W CN2013084814 W CN 2013084814W WO 2014059884 A1 WO2014059884 A1 WO 2014059884A1
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compound
formula
drug
metabolite
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孙宏斌
张秀玲
吕伏生
祁小伟
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江苏威凯尔医药科技有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/68Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D211/72Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/68Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D211/72Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/74Oxygen atoms
    • C07D211/76Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 6
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/5082Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms
    • G01N33/5088Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms of vertebrates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine, and in particular to novel metabolite markers and their use in the development or preparation of medicaments containing optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives, which are useful for the prevention or treatment of thrombosis disease.
  • the invention also provides a method of preparing a novel metabolite marker.
  • Clopidogrel (Clopidogrel) is the most widely used anti-platelet aggregation drug as an irreversible P2Y 12 receptor antagonist. Clinically used to treat atherosclerotic disease, acute coronary syndrome and thrombotic complications. Clinical studies have found that clopidogrel has low oral bioavailability, slow onset, and has a delayed effect on platelet inhibition (Cardiovascular Drug Reviews, 1993, 1, 1, 180), and there is a phenomenon of "clopidogrel resistance" (Circulation, 2004, 109 ' 166).
  • Prasugrel is a newly marketed oral antiplatelet drug and an irreversible P2Y 12 receptor antagonist. Although prasugrel inhibits platelet aggregation more rapidly and effectively than clopidogrel, it has a greater risk of bleeding (N Engl J Med, 2007, 357, 2001). Other adverse reactions to prasugrel are thrombocytopenia and neutropenia.
  • Ticagrelor is the first commercially available reversible P2Y 12 receptor antagonist. Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor has a rapid onset of action (peak action occurs 2 to 4 hours after administration) and has significant inhibitory effects on platelets, but the main bleeding rate of ticagrelor independent of CABG is higher than that of chlorine. Pyridox group. In addition, other common adverse reactions to ticagrelor include dyspnea and slow arrhythmia.
  • Chinese patent application 201010624329.7 discloses an optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivative in which the representative compound vegasgreride (Example 5, compound 1-2) shows stronger anti-platelet aggregation than clopidogrel Activity and higher oral bioavailability.
  • the representative compound vegasgreride Example 5, compound 1-2
  • no literature has reported comprehensive qualitative and quantitative studies on the metabolites produced by the above optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives in vivo.
  • the drug since the drug has a different metabolic pathway than clopidogrel, the metabolite properties and Z or exposure of the optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivative may be compared with clopidogrel. Very different, which brings great uncertainty to the efficacy and safety of the drug.
  • the present invention provides metabolite markers of novel optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives.
  • the present invention also provides the use of a metabolite marker of an optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivative for the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating a disease caused by a thrombus.
  • the optically active 2-hydroxytetrahydrothienopyridine derivative is a compound represented by the following formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof:
  • R is R CC PO(OR 2 ) 2, CH 2 OPO(OR 2 ) 2 or COOR 1 ;
  • R 1 is a linear or branched fluorenyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, phenyl, styryl, 4 -hydroxystyryl, 4--3-methoxystyryl or 3-pyridyl;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, sodium or potassium.
  • the above compounds of the formula I I may be two diastereomers, respectively, or a mixture of two diastereomers.
  • the two diastereomers represented by the compound of the formula I I are each a compound represented by the following formula I I-1 and formula I I-2:
  • the inventors' metabolic kinetics studies on the compounds of formula I show that the compound of formula I is first hydrolyzed by the intestinal esterase in vivo to form the thiolactone of formula III, which is then oxidatively ring-opened to form formula IV.
  • the active metabolite, the compound of formula IV is further methylated to form the thiomethyl ether metabolite of formula II.
  • the results of the present invention show for the first time that in the development or preparation of the antiplatelet aggregation drug of Formula I, the metabolites of Formula II are markers of drug metabolites that must be qualitatively and quantitatively detected, monitored, and regulated.
  • the compound of formula II has important applications in the development or preparation of anti-platelet aggregation drugs of formula I.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula I according to the invention may be the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate, phosphate, mesylate salt thereof. , trifluoromethanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, besylate, p-toluenesulfonate, acetate, malate, fumarate, succinate, citrate, tartrate, grass Acid salt, maleate salt, lactate, mandelate, pamoic acid (palamoic acid) salt, glycinate, lysine salt, arginine salt, ornithine salt, glutamate or Aspartate.
  • the drug of the compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient has excellent platelet aggregation inhibitory action and thrombus formation inhibitory action, and thus can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease caused by a thrombus.
  • the disease caused by the thrombus is atherosclerosis caused by stable or unstable angina pectoris, ischemic attack, postoperative restenosis of cardiac intervention, thrombosis caused by diabetes, thrombus after thrombolysis Formation, infarction, ischemia-induced dementia, peripheral arterial disease, hemodialysis or atrial fibrillation, or vascular repair or use of aorta-coronary artery A thrombotic disease caused by the road.
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula II for the development or preparation of an anti-platelet aggregation drug of formula I, in particular in the prognosis and regulation of an anti-platelet aggregation drug of formula I in the prevention and treatment of a disease caused by a thrombus
  • the efficacy and safety of the use is to predict and modulate the efficacy and bleeding risk of an anti-platelet aggregation drug of formula I by detecting the amount of exposure of a compound of formula II in vivo.
  • the present invention also provides a method for predicting and regulating the efficacy and bleeding risk of a compound of formula II as a metabolite marker of an anti-platelet aggregation drug of formula I by detecting the amount of a compound of formula II exposed in the body. Evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug and predict the exposure of the active metabolite, thereby predicting and regulating the efficacy of the drug and the risk of bleeding. This is due to the efficacy of the antiplatelet agent and the risk of bleeding being closely related to the exposure of its active metabolite. related.
  • the main metabolite is the thiomethyl ether of formula II.
  • the thiomethyl ether shown in Formula II is almost the only major metabolite detectable.
  • the thiomethyl ether shown in formula II is also one of the main metabolites of the drug, but the most important metabolite is the compound of formula V below (the structure is confirmed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic data, and synthesized The standard comparison confirms that, therefore, the compound of formula V is a marker of drug metabolites that must be qualitatively and quantitatively detected when performing pharmacological and toxicokinetic studies in dogs.
  • the results of the present study indicate that there is a very large uncertainty in predicting the efficacy and bleeding risk of antiplatelet aggregation drugs of Formula I using the exposure of active metabolites of Formula IV because of the active metabolites.
  • the anti-platelet aggregation drug represented by Formula I can produce a significant amount of the metabolite of Formula II in all species, which is beneficial for quantitative detection;
  • Metabolic stability and chemical stability of the metabolite of Formula II The sexes are very good, no detection after derivatization, convenient detection, and good reproducibility;
  • the inventors have experimentally proved the concentration of active metabolites (compounds of formula IV) in the plasma of experimental animals and sulfur
  • the concentration of ether metabolites (compounds of formula II) has a very good correlation.
  • the exposure amount of the active metabolite can be conveniently and accurately determined, thereby predicting and regulating the efficacy and safety of the drug, and in particular, predicting and regulating the bleeding risk of the drug.
  • a method of preparing a compound of the formula II (methyl sulfide metabolite) is also provided, as shown in the following reaction formula.
  • a compound of the formula VII is formed into a compound of the formula VIII by a deprotecting agent, and the deprotecting agent used is hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid;
  • a compound of the formula VIII or a salt thereof is reacted with a compound of the formula IX under the action of a base to form a compound of the formula X, wherein R 3 is a fluorenyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, and a seventh group. a fluoropropyl, phenyl or Z substituted phenyl group, wherein Z is an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbons, a halogen, a nitrile group, a nitro group or a trifluoromethyl group, and the Z group is located at the 2, 3 or 3 of the benzene ring.
  • the base used is triethylamine, 1,8-diazacyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU), pyridine, 4-anthracene, fluorene-lutidine (DMAP), diisopropylethylamine, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium t-butoxide or sodium t-butoxide;
  • DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a metabolite profile of vikaglu in monkey plasma (from top to bottom representing blood samples of 0.5, 1, 4 and 8 h after administration);
  • Figure 2 is a metabolite profile of vikaglu in canine plasma (from top to bottom representing blood samples at 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 h after administration);
  • Figure 3 is a metabolite profile of vikares in rat plasma (from top to bottom representing blood samples 0.5, 1, 4, and 8 h after administration);
  • Figure 4 is a metabolite profile of Q-TOF mass spectrometry in blood plasma after oral administration of vikares in volunteers (respectively, blood samples at 1, 2, and 6 h after taking the drug from top to bottom);
  • Figure 5 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum diagram of the compound of formula II.
  • Figure 6 is a nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum of a compound of formula II
  • Figure 7 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of a compound of formula V
  • Figure 8 is a nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum of a compound of formula V. detailed description
  • Sample collection 2 healthy cynomolgus monkeys, 1 male and 1 female, weighing 3 ⁇ 4 kg, given Viggagre at 5 mg/kg. Healthy Beagle 2, male, weighing 8 ⁇ 10 kg, given Viggagre at 5 mg/kg. Two healthy SD rats, male, weighing 180-220 g, were given Vikgregre by 10 mg/kg. Fasting for 12 h before the test, free drinking water, fasting in the morning, and eating regularly 2 h after the administration. 0.5 ml of venous blood was taken before administration and 0.5, 1, 4 and 8 h after administration.
  • Instruments and conditions Instrument American Waters Synapt quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer (Q-TOF MS) with electrospray ionization source (ESI source) and Acquity UPLC liquid chromatography system.
  • UPLC conditions The column is ACQUITYTM HSS T3 C 18 column (2.1 100 mm ID, 1.8 ⁇ particle size), Waters, USA; column temperature is 45 °C; flow rate is 0.45 mL/min; mobile phase is acetonitrile/5 mM Ammonium acetate was eluted with a gradient of 0.05% formic acid.
  • the ion source was an electrospray ionization source (ESI), which was detected by positive scanning.
  • the desolvent gas (nitrogen) flow rate was 700 L/h
  • the desolvation gas temperature was 350 °C
  • the source temperature was 100 °C.
  • the voltage is 2700 V
  • the collision energy is 4 eV for low-energy scanning
  • 6 eV for trap energy .
  • the high-energy scan transmits 12 eV and the trap energy is 10 - 20 eV.
  • the acid-enkephalin (m/z 556.2771) was selected as the external standard for mass-to-charge ratio correction at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ .
  • Data Processing Data collection was performed using Waters' Mas Book slynx V4.1 software. Data analysis was performed using MetaboLynx software and MassFragmentTM software.
  • Plasma samples taken before and after administration were pooled according to species and sampling time points. Take 400 L of combined plasma samples, add 800 ⁇ L of acetonitrile, vortex for 1 min, centrifuge for 5 min (14 000 rpm), take all the supernatants into a 10 mL tube, and blow dry at 40 ° C under air flow to 80 L acetonitrile. : Water (1: 9, v/v) was dissolved, and 10 ⁇ L was taken for UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show the metabolite profiles of vikaglu in monkey, canine and rat plasma. The structure of the metabolites shown was structurally confirmed by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic and synthetic standard controls. the result shows:
  • the main metabolite in monkey plasma at the initial stage (0.5 h) after administration is the active metabolite of formula IV (active metabolites of formula IV are detected by UPLC/Q-TOF MS) Derivatized product M15-4) obtained by reacting free sulfhydryl with 3'-methoxybromoacetophenone (BMP), followed by thiomethyl ether M9-2 of formula II; and after 4 h of administration
  • the main metabolite in monkey plasma is M9-2 (ie thiomethyl ether of formula II).
  • the results of the present invention indicate that the metabolic behavior of vikagrel in monkeys and rats is relatively close; the exposure of active metabolites (in terms of M15-4) in dogs is much lower than that of the other two species.
  • Genus In all tested species, exposure to active metabolites (in terms of M15-4) was very low in the late post-dose phase (eg, around 8 h); in monkeys and rats, Formula II
  • the thiomethyl ether metabolites (M9-2, M9-4) are the most important metabolites; in dogs, the metabolite M4 shown in formula V and the thiomethyl ether M9-2 shown in formula II are two The most important metabolite.
  • Sample collection 3 healthy male volunteers were fasted for 12 h before the test. On the day of the test, 25 mg of vegasgreril was given with 200 ml of warm water. After 2 hours of taking the medicine, the water was allowed to drink, and after 4 hours, the meal was taken. 2 mL of blood was taken before administration (O h) and 1, 2 and 6 h after taking the drug. Immediately after the whole blood collection, 100 derivatization reagent (3'-methoxybromoacetophenone (BMP) acetonitrile solution was added.
  • BMP 3'-methoxybromoacetophenone
  • UPLC conditions The column is ACQUITYTM HSS T3 C 18 column (2.1 100 mm ID, 1.8 ⁇ particle size), Waters, USA; column temperature is 45 °C; flow rate is 0.45 mL/min; mobile phase is acetonitrile/5 mM Ammonium acetate was eluted with a gradient of 0.05% formic acid.
  • Mass spectrometry conditions The ion source is an electrospray ionization source (ESI), which is detected by positive scanning method.
  • ESI electrospray ionization source
  • the desolvent gas (nitrogen) flow rate is 700 L/h
  • the desolvation gas temperature is 350 °C
  • the source temperature is 100
  • the capillary voltage is At 2700 V
  • the collision energy is 4 eV for low-energy scanning and 6 eV for trap energy .
  • the collision energy is 12 eV for high-energy scanning and 10 - 20 eV for well collision energy.
  • 200 ng/mL leucine-enkephalin irn/z 556.2771 was selected as the mass-to-charge ratio calibration external standard, and the flow rate was 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ .
  • Data Processing Data collection was performed using Waters' Masslynx V4.1 software, and data analysis was performed using MetaboLynx software and MassFragmentTM software.
  • Plasma samples taken before and after administration were pooled according to the group and sampling time points. Take Combine the plasma sample with 400 ⁇ L, add 800 ⁇ L of acetonitrile, vortex for 1 min, centrifuge for 5 min (14 000 rpm), remove all the supernatant into a 10 mL tube, and blow dry at 40 ° C under air flow to 80 L acetonitrile: Water (1: 9, v/v) was dissolved, and 10 L was taken for UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis.
  • the thiomethyl ether represented by the formula II is an indicator compound which must be subjected to intensive research (including safety evaluation) in the development of the antiplatelet aggregation drug represented by the formula I, especially in vivo.
  • the thiomethyl ether shown in Formula II is a hallmark metabolite that must be qualitatively and quantitatively studied.
  • UPLC conditions The column is ACQUITYTM HSS T3 C 18 column (2.1 x 100 mm ID, 1.8 ⁇ m particle size), Waters, USA; column temperature is 45. C; flow rate was 0.45 mL/min; mobile phase was eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile/5 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.05% formic acid.
  • the ion source was an electrospray ionization source (ESI), which was detected by positive scanning.
  • the desolvent gas (nitrogen) flow rate was 700 L/h
  • the desolvation gas temperature was 350 °C
  • the source temperature was 100 °C.
  • the voltage is 2700 V
  • the collision energy is 4 eV for low-energy scanning
  • 6 eV for trap energy.
  • the high-energy scan transmits 12 eV and the trap energy is 10 - 20 eV.
  • 200 ng/mL leucine-enkephalin (m/z 556.2771) was selected as the mass-to-charge ratio calibration external standard at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ .
  • Data collection was performed using Waters' Masslynx V4.1 software, and data analysis was performed using MetaboLynx software and MassFragmentTM software.
  • Plasma samples taken before and after administration were taken separately. Take plasma sample 400 and add 800 ⁇ l of acetonitrile, vortex for 1 min, centrifuge for 5 mm (14 000 rpm), and take all the supernatant into a 10 mL tube, 40. Dry under C air flow, dissolve in 80 acetonitrile: water (1:9, v/v), and take 10 ⁇ L for UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis.
  • the derivatized product M15-4) obtained by reacting the free sulfhydryl group of the metabolite with 3'-methoxybromoacetophenone, followed by the thiomethyl ether M9-2 of the formula II; and after 4 hours of administration
  • the main metabolite in rat plasma is M9-2 (ie, thiomethyl ether of Formula II).
  • the results of this study further demonstrate that the major metabolite of the compound of formula I in vivo is the thiomethyl ether of formula II.
  • Test Purpose To demonstrate that the concentration of active metabolites (compounds of formula IV) in plasma is related to the concentration of thiomethyl ether metabolites (compounds of formula II) after oral administration of vikares in beagle dogs.
  • the plasma obtained by centrifugation was divided into two equal portions, and 600 ⁇ of acetonitrile and 20 ⁇ M of acetic acid were added, respectively, and vortexed for 30 seconds, centrifuged at 12,000 r/min for 5 min, and the supernatant was taken out, and one portion was stored in a -70 ⁇ refrigerator.
  • the method for determining the concentration of metabolites was carried out by LC-MS/MS method.
  • Compound R-95913 was used as an internal standard. Since the active metabolite (the compound of formula IV) is very unstable, its pharmacokinetic parameters are determined by detecting its BMP derivative (AM-BMP). Indirect measurement. The thiomethyl ether metabolite (compound of formula II) is very stable and can be tested directly.
  • the instrument system includes LC-lOADvp (Shimadzu) LC system, PerkinElmer series 200 autosampler system (PerkinElmer Instrument Co., Ltd.) and API4000 Triple Quadrupole Detector (Applied Biosystems, Inc.)
  • the operating software is Analyst 1.5.1. The following are specific test methods for metabolites:
  • Atomizing gas 20 curtain gas: 10 collision gas: 4
  • Heating auxiliary gas 20 Ion voltage: 5500 V Temperature: 200 °C
  • the BOR turbidimetry (Nature, 1962, 194 (4832): 927) measures the antiplatelet aggregation of thiomethyl ether represented by Formula II.
  • ADP Sigma products, USA.
  • the positive drug and the test compound were formulated as a suspension with 0.5% CMC-Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) for oral administration to animals.
  • Animals Male SD rats weighing approximately 250 g were provided by Shanghai Xipuer-Beikai Experimental Animal Co., Ltd. Animal Certificate No.: 2008001605451 License Number SCXK (Shanghai): SCXK (Shanghai) 2008- 0016.
  • Anti-platelet aggregation activity test Male SD rats, weighing about 250 g, were given verikagred and test compound (0.5% CMC-Na in a uniform suspension at a concentration of 2 mg/ml) by oral gavage. 10 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg, empty The white control group was given the same volume of 0.5% CMC-Na by oral gavage. Blood was taken 2 hours after administration to determine the effect of the drug on ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate. Blood was taken from the eyelids, anticoagulated with 3.8% sodium citrate, and the ratio of whole blood to anticoagulant was 9 1, 1000 rpm and centrifuged for 7 min to prepare platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
  • PRP platelet-rich plasma
  • PRP platelet poor plasma
  • Platelet aggregation inhibition rate [1 - (drug tube aggregation percentage / control tube aggregation percentage)] x lOO%.

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Abstract

本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及新型代谢物标志物及其在研制或制备含有光学活性2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的药物方面的用途,所述药物可用于预防或治疗由血栓引起的疾病。本发明还提供了新型代谢物标志物的制备方法。

Description

说 明 书 光学活性 2-轻基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的代谢物标志物、 其制备方法及用途 技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域, 具体涉及新型代谢物标志物及其在研制或制备含有光学活性 2-羟 基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的药物方面的用途,所述药物可用于预防或治疗由血栓引起的疾病。 本发明还提供了新型代谢物标志物的制备方法。
本专利申请要求中国专利申请 (申请号 201210395415.4, 申请日: 2012年 10月 17日, 发明创造名称: 维卡格雷的代谢物标志物、 其制备方法及用途) 的优先权。 背景技术
氯吡格雷 (Clopidogrel ) 作为不可逆型 P2Y12受体拮抗剂是目前应用最广泛的抗血小板 凝集药物。 临床上用于治疗动脉粥样硬化疾病、 急性冠脉综合征及血栓性并发症等。 临床研 究发现, 氯吡格雷口服生物利用度很低, 且起效慢, 对血小板的抑制有延迟作用的缺点 (Cardiovascular Drug Reviews, 1993 , 1 1, 180),且存在 "氯吡格雷抵抗"现象 (Circulation, 2004, 109 ' 166)。
普拉格雷(Prasugrel)是新上市的口服抗血小板药,也是一个不可逆型 P2Y12受体拮抗剂。 与氯吡格雷相比, 虽然普拉格雷能更快速、 更有效地抑制血小板聚集, 但是其具有更大的出 血风险 (N Engl J Med, 2007, 357, 2001 )。 普拉格雷的其他不良反应是血小板减少和中性 粒细胞减少等。
替卡格雷是第一个上市的口服的可逆型 P2Y12受体拮抗剂。与氯吡格雷相比,替卡格雷具 有起效快(峰值作用发生在用药后 2~4 h)、 对血小板的抑制作用显著的优点, 但替卡格雷与 CABG无关的主要出血率高于氯吡格雷组。 此外, 替卡格雷其他常见不良反应有呼吸困难和 缓慢心律失常等。
中国专利申请 201010624329.7公开了光学活性的 2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物, 其中, 代表性化合物维卡格雷(实施例 5, 化合物 1-2 )显示了比氯吡格雷更强的抗血小板聚集活性 及更高的口服生物利用度。 然而, 迄今尚未有任何文献报道对上述光学活性的 2-羟基四氢噻 吩并吡啶衍生物在体内生成的代谢物进行全面的定性和定量研究。 现有文献 (JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2013 , 102, 741; JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012, 55, 3342; CN201010624329.7 ) 只是报道了相关的硫内酯代谢物和含游离巯基的活性 代谢物, 而对于其他代谢物的研究没有任何文献报道。 尽管光学活性的 2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物可以克服氯吡格雷抵抗 (JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012, 55, 3342), 然而, 如何在保证药物疗效的同时, 最大程度 地降低该类药物的出血风险仍然是一个尚未解决的关键难题。 此外, 由于该类药物与氯吡格 雷具有不同的代谢途径, 因此, 光学活性的 2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的代谢物的特性和 Z或暴露量与氯吡格雷相比可能会有很大的不同,从而给药物的疗效和安全性带来很大的不确 定性。
总之, 在研制或制备光学活性的 2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物作为新型抗血小板聚集药 物方面还有许多尚未解决的关键技术难题。
发明内容
本发明提供了新型光学活性 2-羟基四氢噻吩并书吡啶衍生物的代谢物标志物。 本发明还提 供了光学活性 2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物的代谢物标志物在制备预防和治疗血栓引起的疾 病的药物方面的用途。
在本发明中, 所述光学活性 2-羟基四氢噻吩并吡啶衍生物是如下式 I所示的化合物或其 药学上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物:
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, R为 R CC PO(OR2)2、 CH2OPO(OR2)2或 COOR1; R1为 1~10个碳的直链或支链 垸基、 苯基、 苯乙烯基、 4-羟基苯乙烯基、 4- -3-甲氧基苯乙烯基或 3-吡啶基; R2为氢、 钠 或钾。
在本发明中, 优
Figure imgf000004_0002
本发明人惊奇地发现, 式 I 所示的化合物在体内暴露量最大的代谢物不同于现有文献 (JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2013, 102, 741; JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012, 55, 3342; CN201010624329.7)所报道的任何代谢物, 其具有如下式 Π 所示的新型结构:
Figure imgf000005_0001
上述式 I I化合物可以分别是两个非对映异构体, 也可以是两个非对映异构体的混合物。 具体地说,式 I I化合物所代表的两个非对映异构体分别是如下式 I I-1和式 I I-2所示的化合 物:
Figure imgf000005_0002
众所周知, 药物在体内暴露量最大的代谢物将对药物的疗效和安全性产生巨大的影响, 书
因此, 本发明出人预料的发现对研制或制备式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物具有重要意义。
本发明人对式 I所示化合物的代谢动力学研究表明, 式 I所示化合物在体内首先经过肠 道酯酶水解生成式 III所示的硫内酯,再经过氧化开环生成式 IV所示的活性代谢物,式 IV化 合物再经过甲基化生成式 II所示的硫甲醚代谢物。
Figure imgf000005_0003
本发明的研究结果首次表明, 在研制或制备式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物方面, 式 II所 示的代谢物是必须要定性和定量地检测、 监控和调控的药物代谢物标志物, 因此, 式 II所示 化合物在研制或制备式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物方面具有重要用途。
本发明所述的式 I化合物的药学上可接受的盐可以是其盐酸盐、 氢溴酸盐、 氢碘酸盐、 硝酸盐、 高氯酸盐、 硫酸盐、 磷酸盐、 甲磺酸盐、 三氟代甲磺酸盐、 乙磺酸盐、 苯磺酸盐、 对甲苯磺酸盐、 乙酸盐、 苹果酸盐、 富马酸盐、 琥珀酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 酒石酸盐、 草酸盐、 马来酸盐、 乳酸盐、 杏仁酸盐、 双羟萘酸 (帕莫酸) 盐、 甘氨酸盐、 赖氨酸盐、 精氨酸盐、 鸟氨酸盐、 谷氨酸盐或天冬氨酸盐。
所述式 I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为有效成分的药物具有优良的血小板凝集抑制 作用和血栓形成抑制作用, 因此可用作由血栓引起的疾病的预防剂或治疗剂。 所述血栓引起 的疾病是稳定或不稳定型心绞痛、 脑缺血发作、 心脏介入手术的术后再狭窄等导致的动脉粥 样硬化、 糖尿病所伴发的血栓形成疾病、 血栓溶解后的血栓再形成症、 梗死、 缺血引起的痴 呆、末梢动脉疾病、血液透析或房性纤颤伴发的、或者血管修复术或使用大动脉 -冠状动脉旁 路产生的血栓形成疾病。
本发明提供了式 I I化合物在研制或制备式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物方面的用途, 尤其 是在预测和调控式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物在预防和治疗由血栓引起的疾病过程中的疗效 及安全性方面的用途。特别地,所述用途是通过检测式 II化合物在体内的暴露量来预测和调 控式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物的疗效及出血风险。
本发明还提供了式 II化合物作为式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物的代谢物标志物进而预测 和调控药物的疗效及出血风险的方法,该方法是通过检测式 II化合物在体内的暴露量来评判 药物的药代动力学行为, 并预测活性代谢物的暴露量, 进而预测和调控药物的疗效及出血风 险, 这是由于抗血小板药物的疗效及出血说风险是与其活性代谢物的暴露量密切相关的。
通过深入的体内药物代谢动力学研究, 本发明人惊奇地发现, 在大鼠和猴子体内, 式 I 所示的抗血小板聚集药物(维卡格雷: R=MeCO)书在给药 4小时后的主要代谢物是式 I I所示 的硫甲醚。 在人体内, 式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物 (维卡格雷: R=MeCO)在给药 1小时 后的主要代谢物也是式 I I所示的硫甲醚, 尤其是在给药 6小时后式 I I所示的硫甲醚几乎是 可检测到的唯一主要代谢物。而另一方面, 在犬体内, 式 I I所示的硫甲醚也是药物的主要代 谢物之一, 但最主要的代谢物是如下式 V化合物(结构经质谱和核磁数据确证, 且与合成的 标准品对比确证), 因此, 式 V化合物是在进行犬体内药代和毒代动力学研究时所必须要定 性和定量地检测的药物代谢物标志物。
Figure imgf000006_0001
本发明的研究结果表明, 如果采用式 IV所示的活性代谢物的暴露量来预测式 I所示的抗 血小板聚集药物的疗效和出血风险具有非常大的不确定性,因为该活性代谢物的暴露量极小, 且其代谢稳定性及化学稳定性都非常差, 在取血后的血浆中会迅速分解 (本发明人发现, 即 便将取出的血浆用冰浴冷却, 在 10分钟内仍然有超过 25%的活性代谢物降解), 即使进行快 速衍生化后再检测, 其重现性也很差, 会带来很大的误差。 通过进一步的研究, 令人惊奇地 发现, 当采用式 II所示的硫甲醚代谢物作为检测指标时, 则具有很好的准确性和重现性。其 原因在于: (1 )式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物在所有种属体内都可以生成显著量的式 II代谢 物, 利于定量检测; (2)式 II代谢物的代谢稳定性和化学稳定性都非常好, 不用衍生化后再 检测, 检测方便,且重现性好; (3 )本发明人通过实验证明了实验动物血浆中活性代谢物(式 IV所示化合物) 的浓度与硫甲醚代谢物 (式 I I所示化合物) 的浓度具有非常好的相关性。 说 明 书 因此, 通过检测式 II所示代谢物的暴露量可以方便、 准确地测定活性代谢物的暴露量, 进而 可以预测和调控药物的疗效及安全性, 尤其是可以预测和调控药物的出血风险。
本 还提供了式 II化合物 (甲硫醚代谢物) 的制备方法, 如下列反应式所示。
Figure imgf000007_0001
具体包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 式 VI化合物与二甲基二硫反应生成式 VII化合物,其中, P为 Boc或三苯甲基保 护基;
( 2 ) 式 VII化合物在脱保护剂的作用下生成式 VIII化合物,所釆用的脱保护剂是盐酸、 醋酸或三氟醋酸;
( 3 ) 式 VIII化合物或其盐与式 IX化合物在碱的作用下反应,生成式 X化合物,其中, R3是 1〜6个碳的垸基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、七氟丙基、苯基或 Z取代的苯基, 其中 Z为 1〜3个碳的烷基、 卤素、 腈基、 硝基或三氟甲基, 并且 Z基团位于苯 环的 2、3或 4位;所采用的碱是三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂环 [5,4,0]十一碳 -7-烯 (DBU)、 吡啶、 4-Ν,Ν-二甲基吡啶 (DMAP)、 二异丙基乙胺、 二异丙胺基锂、 碳酸钾、 碳酸钠、 碳酸氢钾、 碳酸氢钠、 叔丁醇钾或叔丁醇钠;
( 4) 式 X化合物与式 XI化合物在碱的作用下反应, 生成式 XII化合物, 其中, R4和 R5分别是 1〜6个碳的直链或支链烷基;
( 5 ) 式 XII化合物经碱性或酸性选择性水解生成式 II化合物。 附图说明 图 1是维卡格雷在猴血浆中的代谢物谱 (由上而下分别代表服药后 0. 5、 1、 4和 8 h的 血样) ;
图 2是维卡格雷在犬血浆中的代谢物谱 (由上而下分别代表服药后 0. 5、 1、 4和 8 h的 血样) ;
图 3是维卡格雷在大鼠血浆中的代谢物谱 (由上而下分别代表服药后 0. 5、 1、 4和 8 h 的血样) ;
图 4是自愿受试者口服维卡格雷后血桨中的 Q-TOF质谱检测代谢物谱(由上而下分别代 表服药后 1、 2和 6 h的血样);
图 5 是式 II化合物的核磁共振氢谱图说;
图 6 是式 II化合物的核磁共振碳谱图;
图 7 是式 V化合物的核磁共振氢谱图; 书
图 8 是式 V化合物的核磁共振碳谱图。 具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例说明本发明的内容。 在本发明中, 以下所述的实施例是为了更好的 阐述本发明, 并不是用来限制本发明的范围。 实施例 1
维卡格雷在食蟹猴、 比格犬和 SD大鼠体内的药代动力学研究
1 . 试验目的: 鉴定食蟹猴、 比格犬和 SD大鼠灌胃给予维卡格雷后血浆中的代谢产物, 比 较体内药物代谢行为差异。
2 . 样品采集: 健康食蟹猴 2只, 雌雄各 1只, 体重 3〜4 kg, 按 5 mg/kg灌胃给予维卡格雷。 健康比格犬 2只, 雄性, 体重 8〜10 kg, 按 5 mg/kg灌胃给予维卡格雷。 健康 SD大鼠 2只, 雄性, 体重 180〜220 g, 按 10 mg/kg灌胃给予维卡格雷。 试验前禁食 12 h, 自由饮水, 早上 空腹给药, 给药后 2 h统一进食。 于给药前及给药后 0.5、 1、 4和 8 h取静脉血 0.5 ml, 全血 采集后立即加入放有 25 μΐ衍生化试剂 (3 '-甲氧基溴苯乙酮 (BMP) 乙腈溶液) 的 EDTA抗 凝管中, 尽快将试管轻轻颠倒混匀 5〜6次, 室温放置 10 mm, 3500 rpm离心 10 min, 分离 血浆置贴好标签的抗冷冻塑料试管中, 放入 -80°C冰箱中冷冻保存。
3 . 仪器和条件 仪器: 美国 Waters公司 Synapt型四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪 (Q-TOF MS ), 配有电喷 雾电离源 (ESI源) 和 Acquity UPLC液相色谱系统。
UPLC条件: 色谱柱为 ACQUITY™ HSS T3 C18柱 (2.1 100 mm I.D. , 1.8 μιη粒径), 美国 Waters公司; 柱温为 45 °C; 流速为 0.45 mL/min; 流动相为乙腈 /5 mM醋酸铵含 0.05% 甲酸梯度洗脱。
质谱条件: 离子源为电喷雾电离源 (ESI), 采用正扫描方式检测, 去溶剂气 (氮气) 流 速为 700 L/h, 去溶剂气温度为 350 °C, 源温度为 100 °C, 毛细管电压为 2700 V, 低能量扫描 时传输碰撞能量为 4 eV, 阱碰撞能量为 6 eV; 高能量扫描时传输碰撞能量为 12 eV, 阱碰撞 能量为 10 - 20 eV。选取 200 ng/mL的亮氨说酸-脑啡肽 ( m/z 556.2771 )作为质荷比校正外标物, 流速为 10 μΙ7ηώι。
数据处理 : 数据采集采用 Waters公司的 Mas书slynx V4.1软件, 数据分析采用 MetaboLynx 软件和 MassFragment™软件。
生物样品的处理: 取给药前和给药后采集的血浆样品, 依照种属和采样时间点合并。 取 合并血浆样品 400 L, 加入 800 μL乙腈, 涡流混合 1 min, 离心 5 min ( 14 000 rpm), 取出 全部上清液置于 10 mL试管中, 40°C空气流下吹干, 以 80 L乙腈: 水(1 : 9, v/v)溶解, 取 10 μL进行 UPLC/Q-TOF MS分析。
4 . 结果: 图 1〜3给出了维卡格雷在猴、 犬和大鼠血浆中的代谢物谱, 所示代谢物的结构 经过质谱、 核磁和合成的标准对照品进行了结构确证。 结果表明:
( 1 ) 在给药后初始阶段 (0.5 h) 的猴血浆中的主要代谢产物为式 IV所示的活性代谢物 (用 UPLC/Q-TOF MS 检测到的是式 IV所示的活性代谢物的游离巯基与 3 '-甲氧基溴苯乙酮 (BMP ) 反应所得到的衍生化产物 M15-4) , 其次为式 II所示的硫甲醚 M9-2; 而在给药 4 h 后的猴血浆中的主要代谢产物为 M9-2 (即式 II所示的硫甲醚) 。
(2 ) 在给药后初始及晚期阶段的犬血浆中的主要代谢物均为式 V所示的代谢产物 M4 (结构 经质谱和核磁数据确证, 且与实施例 7的合成标准品对比确证) , 其次为式 II所示的硫甲醚 M9-2 o
( 3 ) 在给药后的大鼠血浆中维卡格雷的代谢行为与在猴血浆中的代谢行为相似。
综上所述, 本发明的研究结果表明, 维卡格雷在猴和大鼠体内的代谢行为较为接近; 活 性代谢产物 (以 M15-4计)在犬体内的暴露量远低于其他两个种属; 在所有测试种属中, 在 给药后晚期阶段 (比如在 8h左右) , 活性代谢产物 (以 M15-4计) 的暴露量均非常低; 在 猴和大鼠体内, 式 II所示的硫甲醚代谢物 (M9-2、 M9-4 ) 均为最主要的代谢物; 在犬体内, 式 V所示的代谢产物 M4和式 II所示的硫甲醚 M9-2是两个最主要的代谢物。 实施例 2
维卡格雷在人体内的代谢行为研究
1 . 试验目的: 采用 UPLC/Q-TOF MS法定性和定量地鉴定自愿受试者口服维卡格雷片后血 浆中的代谢产物。
2 . 材料与方法 试剂- 说 书
Figure imgf000010_0001
样品采集: 健康男性自愿受试者 3名, 试验前禁食 12 h, 试验当日分别以 200 ml温水送 服 25 mg维卡格雷, 服药后 2 h后可饮水, 4 h后进餐。 于服药前(O h)及服药后 1、 2和 6 h 经取血 2 mL, 全血采集后立即加入放有 100 衍生化试剂 (3'-甲氧基溴苯乙酮 (BMP) 乙 腈溶液)的 EDTA抗凝管中, 尽快将试管轻轻颠倒混匀 5〜6次, 室温放置 lO min, 3500 rpm 离心 lO min, 分离血浆置贴好标签的抗冷冻塑料试管中, 放入 -80°C冰箱中冷冻保存。 仪器: 美国 Waters公司 Synapt型四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪 (Q-TOF MS ), 配有电喷 雾电离源 (ESI源) 和 Acquity UPLC液相色谱系统。
UPLC条件: 色谱柱为 ACQUITY™ HSS T3 C18柱 (2.1 100 mm I.D., 1.8 μιη粒径), 美国 Waters公司; 柱温为 45 °C; 流速为 0.45 mL/min; 流动相为乙腈 /5 mM醋酸铵含 0.05% 甲酸梯度洗脱。 质谱条件: 离子源为电喷雾电离源 (ESI), 采用正扫描方式检测, 去溶剂气 (氮气) 流 速为 700 L/h, 去溶剂气温度为 350 °C, 源温度为 100 , 毛细管电压为 2700 V, 低能量扫描 时传输碰撞能量为 4 eV, 阱碰撞能量为 6 eV; 高能量扫描时传输碰撞能量为 12 eV, 阱碰撞 能量为 10 - 20 eV。选取 200 ng/mL的亮氨酸-脑啡肽 irn/z 556.2771 )作为质荷比校正外标物, 流速为 10 μΙ7ηώι。 数据处理: 数据采集采用 Waters公司的 Masslynx V4.1软件, 数据分析采用 MetaboLynx 软件和 MassFragment™软件。 生物样品的处理: 取给药前和给药后采集的血浆样品, 依照组别和采样时间点合并。 取 合并血浆样品 400 μL, 加入 800 μL乙腈, 涡流混合 1 min, 离心 5 min ( 14 000 rpm), 取出 全部上清液置于 10 mL试管中, 40°C空气流下吹干, 以 80 L乙腈: 水(1: 9, v/v)溶解, 取 10 L进行 UPLC/Q-TOF MS分析。
3 . 结果: 利用 Metabolynx软件对自愿受试者给药前后的血浆样品数据进行 MDF处理, 自 愿受试者口服维卡格雷后血浆中的 Q-TOF质谱检测代谢物谱见图 4。 维卡格雷血浆中代谢产物鉴定: 在口服维卡格雷片后的受试者血浆中未检测到原形药物 和式 III所示的硫内酯,共检测到包括式 IV所示的活性代谢产物及相应的环内双键代谢物(用 UPLC/Q-TOF MS检测到的是式 IV所示的代谢物及相应的环内双键代谢物的游离巯基与 3'- 说
甲氧基溴苯乙酮 (BMP) 反应所得到的衍生化产物, 以 M15-l、 M15-3和 M15-4计)在内的 7种代谢产物(见图 4), 其中, 暴露量最大的代谢产物为式 II所示的硫甲醚 M9-2。相关的代 书
谢产物信息见表 1。
表 1 . 受试者口服 25 mg维卡格雷后血浆中代谢产物相关信息
Figure imgf000011_0001
4 . 结论 本发明的研究结果表明: 在受试者体内, 维卡格雷在给药 1 小时后的主要代谢物是式 II 所示的硫甲醚, 在给药 6小时后, 式 II所示的硫甲醚几乎是可检测到的唯一主要代谢物 (见 图 4)。 因此, 本发明人惊奇地发现, 现有文献报道的对此类药物的药代谢动力学研究及疗效 和安全性评价具有非常大的疏漏, 即以往的相关研究完全忽视了式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药 物在体内暴露量最大的代谢物 式 II所示的硫甲醚! 本发明的研究结果表明, 在研制式 I所 示的抗血小板聚集药物方面, 式 II所示的硫甲醚是必须要进行深入研究 (包括安全性评价) 的指标性化合物, 尤其是在体内药代动力学研究方面, 式 II所示的硫甲醚是必须要进行定性 和定量研究的标志性代谢物。 实施例 3
式 1-3化合物在 SD大鼠体内的药代动力学研究
1 . 试验目的: 鉴定 SD大鼠灌胃给予式 1-3化合物后血浆中的代谢产物, 研究其体内药物代 谢行为。
2 . 样品采集: 健康 SD大鼠 2只, 雄性, 体重 180〜220 g, 按 10 mg/kg灌胃给予式 1-3化 合物。 试验前禁食 12 h, 自由饮水, 早上空腹给药, 给药后 2 h统一进食。 于给药前及给药 后 1、 4和 8 h取静脉血 0.5 ml, 全血采集后立即加入放有 25 μΐ衍生化试剂 (3 '-甲氧基溴苯 说
乙酮 (BMP ) 乙腈溶液) 的 EDTA抗凝管中, 尽快将试管轻轻颠倒混匀 5〜6次, 室温放置 10 min, 3500 rpm离心 10 min, 分离血浆置贴好标签的抗冷冻塑料试管中, 放入 -80°C冰箱 书
中冷冻保存。
3 . 仪器和条件 仪器: 美国 Waters公司 Synapt型四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪 (Q-TOF MS ) , 配有电喷 雾电离源 (ESI源) 和 Acquity UPLC液相色谱系统。
UPLC条件: 色谱柱为 ACQUITY™ HSS T3 C18柱 (2.1 x 100 mm I.D., 1.8 μιη粒径), 美国 Waters公司; 柱温为 45。C ; 流速为 0.45 mL/min; 流动相为乙腈 /5 mM醋酸铵含 0.05% 甲酸梯度洗脱。
质谱条件: 离子源为电喷雾电离源 (ESI), 采用正扫描方式检测, 去溶剂气 (氮气) 流 速为 700 L/h, 去溶剂气温度为 350 °C, 源温度为 100 °C, 毛细管电压为 2700 V, 低能量扫描 时传输碰撞能量为 4 eV, 阱碰撞能量为 6 eV; 高能量扫描时传输碰撞能量为 12 eV, 阱碰撞 能量为 10 - 20 eV。选取 200 ng/mL的亮氨酸-脑啡肽 ( m/z 556.2771 )作为质荷比校正外标物, 流速为 10 μΙ7ηώι。
数据处理 : 数据采集采用 Waters公司的 Masslynx V4.1软件, 数据分析采用 MetaboLynx 软件和 MassFragment™软件。
生物样品的处理: 分别采取给药前和给药后采集的血浆样品。 取血浆样品 400 加入 800 μ 乙腈,涡流混合 1 min,离心 5 mm ( 14 000 rpm) ,取出全部上清液置于 10 mL试管中, 40。C空气流下吹干, 以 80 乙腈: 水 (1 : 9, v/v )溶解, 取 10 μL进行 UPLC/Q-TOF MS分 析。
4 . 结果: SD大鼠口服 10 mg式 1-3化合物后血浆中主要代谢产物相关信息如表 2所示。 表 2. SD大鼠口服 10 mg式 1-3化合物后血浆中主要代谢产物相关信息
Figure imgf000013_0001
4 . 结论: 药代动力学研究结果表明, 在说口服给药式 1-3 化合物后的初始阶段, 大鼠血浆中 的主要代谢产物为式 IV所示的活性代谢物 (用 UPLC/Q-TOF MS检测到的是式 IV所示的活 书
性代谢物的游离巯基与 3'-甲氧基溴苯乙酮反应所得到的衍生化产物 M15-4) , 其次为式 II 所示的硫甲醚 M9-2; 而在给药 4 h后的大鼠血浆中的主要代谢产物为 M9-2 (即式 II所示的 硫甲醚) 。 该研究结果进一步证明了式 I化合物在体内的主要代谢物为式 II所示的硫甲醚。 实施例 4
维卡格雷的活性代谢物及硫甲醚代谢物的血浆浓度相关性研究
1. 试验目的: 证明比格犬口服维卡格雷后, 其血浆中活性代谢物 (式 IV所示化合物) 的浓 度与硫甲醚代谢物 (式 II所示化合物) 的浓度具有相关性。
2. 给药、 取样及样品处理方法
比格犬, 6 只, 购自上海新 实验动物场, 于试验条件下适应一周后使用, 给药前 12 小时及给药 12小时内禁食, 试验期间自由饮水。 将 6只比格犬平均分成 3个组, 每个组的 给药剂量依次为: 25 mg、 50 mg和 75 mg。对于三个剂量组分别口服给予维卡格雷的胶囊剂, 于给药前 30min和给药后 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36h,在侧前肢静脉取血 2.5mL,立即 于 4000pm离心 lmin, 分离出血浆 400μί。 将离心取得的血浆分为两等份, 分别加入 600μ 乙腈及 20μΙ^0%的乙酸, 涡旋混合 30秒后, 12000r/min离心 5 min取出上清液, 一份置于 -70Ό冰箱保存, 用于硫甲醚代谢物 (式 II所示化合物) 的测定; 从另一份中取出 200μ 的 上清液,加入 20 μ 衍生化试剂 2-溴 -3'-甲氧基苯乙酮(BMP),涡旋震荡 3 min后置于 -70°C 冰箱保存, 用于活性代谢物 (式 IV所示化合物) 的 BMP衍生物 (AM-BMP) 的测定。
3. 代谢物的 LC-MS/MS检测方法
代谢物的浓度测定方法釆用 LC-MS/MS法。釆用化合物 R-95913作为内标。 由于活性代 谢物(式 IV所示化合物)非常不稳定,其药代动力学参数通过检测其 BMP衍生物 (AM-BMP) 来间接测定。硫甲醚代谢物(式 II所示化合物)性质非常稳定, 可以直接进行检测。仪器系 统包括 LC-lOADvp (岛津公司)液相色谱系统, PerkinElmer series 200自动进样系统(美国 珀金埃尔默仪器有限公司)和 API4000 三重四级杆检测器(美国应用生物系统有限公司), 操作软件为 Analyst 1.5.1。 以下为代谢物具体的检测方法:
色谱柱: Luna Phenyl-Hexyl, 5 μηι, ( 50 mm x 2.0mm)
流动相: 采用等度洗脱, 条件见下表:
Figure imgf000014_0001
A: 5mM醋酸铵的水溶液, B:甲醇溶液
速率: 400 μΙ7ηώι
柱温: 20°C
进样量: 5 质谱条件- 扫描类型: 正离子多级检测
离子源: Turbo spray 离子化模式: ESI
雾化气: 20 帘气: 10 碰撞气: 4
加热辅助气: 20 离子电压: 5500 V 温度: 200°C
4. 计算方法: 利用 DAS 2.0药代动力学专业软件以统计矩方法进行运算, 求得相应的药动 学参数。
5. 结果: 维卡格雷的活性代谢物 (式 IV所示化合物)及硫甲醚代谢物 (式 II所示化合物) 在不同剂量组的药代动力学参数 (取每个组的平均值) 见表 3-8。
表 3. 活性代谢物 (式 IV化合物) 在比格犬体内的药代动力学参数
Figure imgf000014_0002
AUC0 g/L* h 492.41
t h 7.44
c 293.32 表 5. 活性代谢物 (式 IV化合物)在比格犬体内的药代动力学参数
(维卡格雷剂量 :: 25 mg)
参数 单位 平均值
AUCo.t g/L* h 238.24
AUC0 g/L* h 241.18
t h 7.48
144..57
说 表 6. 硫甲醚代谢物 (式 I I所示化合物) 在比格犬体内的药代动力学参数
(维卡格雷剂量 :: 75 mg)
参数 单位 平均值
AUC0-t g/L* h 1968.01
AUC0 g/L* h 2141.57
t h 10.04
r 482.5
表 7. 硫甲醚代谢物 (式 I I所示化合物) 在比格犬体内的药代动力学参数
(维卡格雷剂量 :: 50 mg)
参数 单位 平均值
AUCo., g/L* h 1290.14
AUC0— » g/L* h 1411.34
t h 10.15
c 315.23 表 8. 硫甲醚代谢物 (式 I I所示化合物) 在比格犬体内的药代动力学参数
(维卡格雷剂舅 :: 25 mg)
参数 单位 平均值
AUC0.t g/L* h 635.47
AUCo— 690.4
t h 9.97
149.33
6. 结论: 研究结果表明, 比格犬口服维卡格雷后, 其血浆中活性代谢物(式 IV所示化合物) 的浓度与硫甲醚代谢物(式 Π所示化合物)的浓度具有非常好的相关性, 也就是说, 硫甲醚 代谢物 (式 π所示化合物)在体内的暴露量与活性代谢物 (式 IV所示化合物) 的暴露量具 有很好的相关性。 由于硫甲醚代谢物的化学稳定性和代谢稳定性远远高于活性代谢物的稳定 性, 因此, 可以通过检测硫甲醚代谢物的暴露量来确定活性代谢物的暴露量, 进而更准确、 有效和便利地评价药物的疗效和安全性。 此外, 该研究结果进一步证明了硫甲醚代谢物在体 内的暴露量远远大于活性代谢物的暴露量, 因而在研制或制备式 I所示的抗血小板聚集药物 时, 本发明所公开的式 Π所示化合物(硫甲醚代谢物)是必须要定性和定量检测的指标性化 合物, 以保证药物的疗效和安全性, 尤其是在调控药物的出血风险方面具有重要用途。 实施例 5
硫甲醚代谢物的体内抗血小板聚集作用 说 1 . 试验目的
BOR 比浊法 (Nature,1962,194(4832): 927 ) 测定式 I I所示的硫甲醚的抗血小板聚集作 用。
2 . 材料 式 Π所示的硫甲醚: 合成样品化合物 Π-1/Π-2 (实施例 6), 经与维卡格雷在体内的主要 代谢物 M9-2/M9-4相比照证明结构一致。
阳性对照: 维卡格雷, 由江苏威凯尔医药科技有限公司提供。
ADP: Sigma公司产品, 美国。
3. 方法及结果
阳性药和受试化合物以 0. 5%CMC-Na (羧甲基纤维素钠)配成混悬液供动物口服给药用。 动物: 雄性 SD大鼠, 体重 250 g左右, 由上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司提供。 动 物合格证号: 2008001605451 许可证号码 SCXK (沪): SCXK (沪) 2008- 0016。
仪器: 离心机(80-2台式低速离心机)和全自动血小板聚集测定仪(STELLEX LG-PAPER-1 血小板凝血聚集分析仪)等。
方法: 参考 BOR 比浊法 (Nature, 1962,194(4832): 927), 对受试化合物进行抗血小板聚 集的药理活性试验。 向富含血小板的血浆 (PRP) 中加入促凝聚物二磷酸腺苷 (ADP)搅拌, 使血小板聚集。 血小板的聚集引起光密度的变化, 可通过分光光度计检测。 此实验可以评价 受试化合物在体内或体外给药引起的血小板聚集作用。
抗血小板聚集活性试验: 雄性 SD大鼠, 体重 250 g左右, 经口灌胃给予维卡格雷和受试 化合物 (0.5%CMC-Na的均匀悬浮液, 药物浓度为 2 mg/ml), 剂量为 10 mg/kg或 3 mg/kg, 空 白对照组经口灌胃给予同体积的 0.5%CMC-Na。给药 2小时后取血测定药物对 ADP诱导血小 板聚集率的影响。 经眼眶取血, 3.8%枸櫞酸钠抗凝, 全血与抗凝剂之比为 9 1, 1000 rpm 离心 7 min, 制备富血小板血浆 (PRP)。 以贫血小板血浆 (PPP )调 PRP,使血小板计数保持 在 2 x 106个 /ml。 取 PRP加入测试杯中, 37 °C孵育 10 min, 以 PRP调零, PPP调 100%, 以
ADP (终浓度为 5 μΜ ) 为诱导剂, 按比浊法用血小板聚集仪测定血小板聚集百分数, 以 t- 检验进行统计学比较。 血小板聚集抑制率按下式计算: 血小板聚集抑制率(%) =[1- (给药管 聚集百分率 /对照管聚集百分率) ] x lOO%。
结果: 通过比浊法测得大鼠口服受试化合物后的血小板聚集抑制率, 实验结果如表 9所 说 书 表 9. 大鼠口服受试化合物后的血小板聚集抑制作用
Figure imgf000017_0001
4. 结论: 研究结果表明, 在 10 mg/kg和 3 mg/kg剂量下, 维卡格雷都显示了显著的抗血小 板聚集活性;而式 Π所示的硫甲醚在 10 mg/kg和 3 mg/kg剂量下显示了较弱的抗血小板聚集 活性。 实施例 6
(Z)-2-((S)-l-((S)-l-(2-氯苯基 )-2-甲氧基 -2-羰基乙基) -4- (甲巯基) 哌啶 -3-亚基) 乙酸 (II-1 ) 和 (Z)-2-((R)-l-((S)-l-(2-氯苯基 )-2-甲氧基 -2-羰基乙基) -4- (甲巯基) 哌啶 -3-亚基) 乙酸 (II-2 ) 的 制备 说
Figure imgf000018_0001
书 歩骤 1.
Figure imgf000018_0002
VI-1 VII-1
在 250 mL三颈瓶中加入化合物 VI-1 (3.98 g, 0.020 mol), 氮气保护后, 加入 25 mL无水 THF和 DMPU (25 mL), 充分溶解后, 瓶内温度降至 -78 V , 缓慢滴加 LDA (20 mL, 0.040 mol), 使得瓶内温度低于 -70 Ό。 LDA加毕, 于 -78 Ό至 -50 °C搅拌 1 h。 自然升温搅拌 2 h 后降温至 0 °C, 加入二甲基二硫 (5.3 mL, 0.06 mol), 于 0 Ό 搅拌 10 min, 室温搅拌 l h后反 应完全。 向反应液中加入水 30 mL, 用乙酸乙酯 (30 mL X 3)进行萃取, 合并有机层, 用 2 M 盐酸 (30 mL)和水 (30 mLX 2)洗涤, 有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 真空旋干, 柱层析纯化 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =40: 1 ), 得化合物 VII-1 (黄色油状物, 2.21 g), 收率为 45.1%。 ESI-MS m/z 244.3 [M-H] - . XH NM (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 1H), 3.46-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.11-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): δ 199.77, 154.08, 80.44, 50.92, 49.68, 38.71, 29.41, 28.20, 14.97. 步骤 2.
Figure imgf000018_0003
VII-1 VIII 在 250mL茄形瓶中加入化合物 VII-1 (6.20 g, 25.3 mmol), 以 60mLTHF溶解, 加入 5 mL浓盐酸, 50°C反应 l h, 真空旋干, 得到暗红色油状物。 在冰冷下, 向该油状残余物中加 入 20 mL甲苯, 搅拌洗涤, 静止后, 倾倒出上层液体, 下层重油状物 (化合物 VIII) 直接用 于下一步反应。 步骤 3.
Figure imgf000019_0001
在 500 25.3 mmol), 以 180 mL乙腈及 20 mL甲 醇溶解后, 加入R)-2-(2-氯苯基 )-2<4-硝基苯磺酰氧基) -乙酸甲酯 (化合物 IX, 8.79 g, 22.8 mmol)和碳酸氢钾(12.7g, 127 mmol), 氮气保护下室温搅拌过夜, 抽滤, 将滤液真空旋干, 残余物经柱层析纯化 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =20: 1), 得化合物 X (黄色油状物, 3.85 g, 收率
46.4%)。 ESI-MS m/z 328.1 [M+H] + . lR NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.53 ― 7.44 (m, 1H),
7.44-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.21 (m, 2H), 4.85 - 4.81 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.76 (m, 0.5H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.65 -3.60 (m, 0.5H), 3.25-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.90 -2.71 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.03 (m, 3H), 2.01 -1.93 (m, 1H).13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): δ 201.85, 171.97, 171.85, 136.02, 135.93, 133.95, 133.89, 131.14, 131.12, 130.93, 130.89, 130.79, 128.27, 128.19, 68.73, 68.68, 58.72, 58.40, 53.24, 51.39, 51.35, 47.27, 47.11, 31.69, 31.65, 16.05.
Figure imgf000019_0002
XII-1A XH-1B
在 25 mL二颈瓶中加入 NaH (270 mg, 6.75 mmol)及无水甲苯 (10 mL), 冰浴下, 滴 加二乙基膦酰基乙酸叔丁酯 (1.6 mL, 6.75 mmol), 室温下搅拌 20 mm。 冰浴下, 滴加化合 物 X(897 mg, 2.70 mmol)的无水甲苯溶液(5 mL),搅拌 5 min后反应完全,加入水(10mL), 以二氯甲垸 (20 mLX3) 萃取, 合并有机层, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 真空旋干, 残余物经柱层析 纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯 =20: 1),得极性较小的淡黄色油状物(109 mg,收率 7.9%): XH MR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.64-7.62 (m, IH), 7.41-7.38 (m, IH), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.70 (s, IH), 5.16-5.15 (m, IH), 4.78 (s, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.57 (m, IH), 3.07-3.04 (m, IH), 2.67-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.15 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.85 (m, IH), 1.47 (s, 9H). 此外,还分离得到极性较大 的淡黄色油状物 ( 192 mg, 收率 13.9%): XH NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.62 -7.60 (m, IH), 7.59-7.39 (m, IH), 7.38-7.36 (m, 2H), 5.53 (s, IH), 5.14-5.13 (m, IH), 4.76 (s, IH), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.46 (m, IH), 2.83-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.28 -2.19 (m, IH), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.99― 1.90 (m, IH) , 1.46― 1.43 (m, 9H).上述分离得到的两个产物为化合物 XII-IA和 XII-IB,具体构型有待进一步确证。 此外,还分离到化合物 XIII-K淡黄色油状物, 552 mg,收率 40.1%): ¾ NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.64-7.60 (m, IH), 7.37-7.35 (m, IH), 7.2说7-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.59-5.58 (m, IH), 4.85-4.83 (m, IH), 4.47-4.31 (m, IH), 3.72-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, IH), 2.86-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.26 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.84 (m, IH) , 1.44- 1.24书 (m, 9H).
步骤 5.
Figure imgf000020_0001
在两个独立的平行实验操作中, 在茄形瓶中分别加入步骤 4中得到的化合物 ΧΠ-1Α和 XII-1B (各为 129 mg, 0. 304 mmol ), 分别以 THF (4 mL)溶解, 分别加入浓盐酸 ( l mL), 50°C搅拌 50 min。 真空旋干, 用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调 pH至 7, 二氯甲烷 (20 mLx3)萃取, 合 并有机层, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 真空旋干, 残余物经柱层析纯化 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯: 冰醋酸 = 40: 20: 1 ),分别得到以下两个目标化合物 II-1和 II-2 (由于化合物的构型没确定, 因此排序不确定):其中一个化合物为淡黄色油状物, 60 mg,收率 53.5%: ¾ NM (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.61-7.60 (m, IH), 7.39 (s, IH), 7.27 (s, 2H), 5.78 (s, IH), 5.12 (s, IH), 4.82 (s, IH), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.56 (m, IH), 3.10-3.12 (m, IH), 2.85-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.15 (m, IH), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.88-1.84 (m, IH). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): δ 172.10, 171.96, 157.93, 135.89, 134.33, 131.00, 130.98, 130.64, 128.29, 117.40, 68.95, 55.44, 53.35, 47.18, 41.07, 31.78, 15.36; 另一个化合物为 白色固体, 68 mg,收率 61%: ¾ NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.63-7.59 (m, IH), 7.43-7.29 (m, IH), 7.33-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.66 (s, IH), 5.11-5.12 (m, IH), 4.81 (s, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.54 (m, IH), 2.96-2.73 (m, 3H), 2.34-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.94 (m, IH). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): δ 170.95, 170.53, 157.01, 134.62, 133.02, 129.80, 129.49, 127.16, 115.86, 67.78, 53.93, 52.13 46.41, 39.91, 30.69, 14.16.
实施例 7
(S)-2-(l-(l-(2- )-2-甲氧基 -2-羰基乙基) -1,2,5,6-四氢吡啶 -3-基)乙酸 (V) 的制备
说 书
Figure imgf000021_0001
XIV XV
在 10 mL茄形瓶中加入化合物 XIV (215.0 mg, 0.50 mmol), 以冰醋酸 (8.9 mL)溶解, 加入 锌粉487.5 mg, 7.5mmol), 室温反应 5 h, 过滤, 滤液真空旋干, 向残余物中加入水 (10 mL), 用二氯甲垸 (20 mL X 3)萃取, 合并有机层, 用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤至中性, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 真空旋干, 残余物经柱层析纯化 (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯 =8:1 ), 得化合物 XV (黄色油状 物, 125.7 mg,收率 71.6%): XH NMR (300 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.68-7.67 (m, IH), 7.41-7.35 (m, IH), 7.31-7.19 (m, 2H), 5.65 (s, IH), 4.79 (s, IH), 4.10 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, J = 40.2, 15.6 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (s, 2H), 2.61 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 2H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H). ESI-MS m/z 352.1 [M+H] + . 步骤 2.
Figure imgf000021_0002
在 100 mL茄形瓶中加入化合物 XV ( 830 mg, 2.36 mmol), 以甲醇 (30 mL)溶解, 滴 入 30%氢氧化钠溶液 (2.5 mL), 50°C加热 40 min, TLC显示反应完全。 用 3M HC1调 pH至 中性后, 用二氯甲烷(30 mLx3)萃取, 合并有机层, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 真空旋干。残余 物经柱层析纯化(石油醚: 乙酸乙酯: 冰醋酸 =40:40: 1 ),得化合物 V (黄色油状物, 254.0 mg, 收率 33.3%): ¾ NM (500 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.69-7.63 (m, IH), 7.41-7.36 (m, IH), 7.30-7.21 (m, 2H), 5.68 (s, IH), 4.85 (s, IH), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.22 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, IH), 3.06 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, IH), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.68 (dt, J = 11.0, 5.4 Hz, IH), 2.59 (dt,J = 11.4, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.18 (s, 2H). "C NMR (75 MHz, CDC13): δ 176.11, 171.16, 134.75, 133.33, 130.05, 129.75, 129.41, 128.54, 127.11 , 124.40, 67.68, 52.75, 52.15, 46.53, 40.79, 25.46. ESI-MS m/z 324.1 [M+H] + . HRMS calcd for
Ci6Hi8N04Cl [M-H]― m/z 322.0846, found 322.0848。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 如下式 II所示的化合物、 其非 异构体的混合物:
Figure imgf000023_0001
2、 如权利要求 1所述的化合物, 其特征在于, 所述化合物是式 II-1或式 Π-2所示的化合 物, 或是式 Π-1和式 Π-2
Figure imgf000023_0002
3、 权利要求 1或 2所述的化合物在研制或制备含有如下式 I所示的化合物或其药学上可 接受的盐或其溶剂化物的药物方面
Figure imgf000023_0003
其中, R为 CC PO(OR2)2、 CH2OPO(OR2)2或 COOR1; R1为 1~10个碳的直链或支链 烷基、 苯基、 苯乙烯基、 4-羟基苯乙烯基、 4-轻 -3-甲氧基苯乙烯基或 3-吡啶基; R2为氢、 钠 或钾。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的用途, 其特征在于, 权利要求 1或 2所述的化合物是在研制或制 备含有式 I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的药物时所必须要定性和定量地检测 的药物代谢物标志物。
5、 如权利要求 3或 4所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的含有式 I化合物或其药学上可接 受的盐或其溶剂化物的药物是用于预防和治疗由血栓引起的疾病, 包括动脉粥样硬化疾病、 心肌梗死、 中风、 缺血性脑血栓、 外周动脉疾病、 急性冠脉综合征或冠脉介入术后的血栓形 成。
6、 如权利要求 3~5任一项所述的用途, 其特征在于, 通过检测权利要求 1或 2所述的化 合物在体内的暴露量可以方便、 准确地预测和调控含有式 I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或 其溶剂化物的药物的疗效及出血风险。
7、 一种预测和调控含有式 I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其溶剂化物的药物的疗效及 出血风险的方法, 该方法是通过检测权利要求 1或 2所述的化合物在体内的暴露量来测定所 述药物的活性代谢物的暴露量, 进而预测和调控所述药物的疗效及出血风险。
8、 如权利要求 3~6任一项所述的用途或权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的式 权 利 要 求 书
I化
Figure imgf000024_0001
具体包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 式 X化合物与式 XI化合物反应生成式 XII化合物, 其中, R4和 R5分别是 1〜6 个碳的直链或支链烷基;
( 2) 式 XII化合物经碱性或酸性选择性水解生成式 II化合物。
10、 如下式 V所示的化合物在研制或制备含有所述式 I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或 其溶剂化物的药物方面的用途, 其特征在于, 式 V所示的化合物是在研制或制备所述的药物 时,在进行犬体内药代和毒代动力学研究时所必须要定性和定量地检测的药物代谢物标志物:
Figure imgf000024_0002
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