WO2014045167A1 - Procédé et appareil pour traiter des images - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour traiter des images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014045167A1
WO2014045167A1 PCT/IB2013/058485 IB2013058485W WO2014045167A1 WO 2014045167 A1 WO2014045167 A1 WO 2014045167A1 IB 2013058485 W IB2013058485 W IB 2013058485W WO 2014045167 A1 WO2014045167 A1 WO 2014045167A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
colours
gamut
printing process
overlapping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/058485
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Antonio Maccari
Original Assignee
Antonio Maccari
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Antonio Maccari filed Critical Antonio Maccari
Publication of WO2014045167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014045167A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/6058—Reduction of colour to a range of reproducible colours, e.g. to ink- reproducible colour gamut
    • H04N1/6063—Reduction of colour to a range of reproducible colours, e.g. to ink- reproducible colour gamut dependent on the contents of the image to be reproduced
    • H04N1/6066—Reduction of colour to a range of reproducible colours, e.g. to ink- reproducible colour gamut dependent on the contents of the image to be reproduced dependent on the gamut of the image to be reproduced

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a method and an apparatus for processing an image, particularly for the purpose of modifying the image so that the greatest possible number of colours of the latter falls within the gamut of a printing process by means of which the image can then be printed.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the invention are particularly suited for use in the field of ceramics, above all as regards the decoration of ceramic tiles.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the invention can also be used in sectors other than the ceramics sector.
  • the colours making up the image may not be completely encompassed within the gamut of the printing process to be utilized, that is, within the gamut of colours that the particular printing process utilized actually makes it possible to reproduce.
  • the colours that can actually be applied are often limited, owing for example to the type of ceramic pigments actually available for the formulation of glazes or the background colour of the tiles one wishes to decorate, or even due to the influence of specific parameters of the ceramic tile production process, including the temperature of the kiln in which the decorated tiles are fired.
  • the operator modifies the image with the aim of ensuring that the greatest possible number of image colours is actually printable by means of the printing process being utilized.
  • graphics software programs such as Adobe® Photoshop® for example, by means of which the operator has to manually modify the colours forming the image, in such a manner as to adopt the colours that fall within the gamut of the printing process.
  • this approach involves a markedly time-consuming process, mainly because the graphics software programs of the prior art do not supply tools that are capable of suggesting how to modify the image.
  • the operator must therefore rely solely on experience in order to modify the image so that the colours thereof lie within the gamut of the printing process. Moreover, the operator is forced to carry out printing tests and then firing of the ceramic tile in order to verify whether the modifications made lead to an acceptable result.
  • One aim of the invention is to improve the methods and the apparatuses of the prior art for processing an image to be printed by means of a printing process having a relatively limited gamut, that is, that is capable of printing only a limited number of colours, particularly by means of a ceramic printing process.
  • a further aim is to provide a method and an apparatus for modifying the colours of an image, and enable a reduction of the time needed to ensure that the colours of the modified image lie as closely as possible within the gamut of the printing process.
  • Another aim is to provide a method and an apparatus for modifying the image colours and that can be easily utilized even by operators who are not skilled in the art.
  • Yet another aim is to provide a method and an apparatus for modifying the image colours and that make it possible to reduce the number of printing tests that need to be performed before an acceptable modified image is obtained.
  • Still another aim is to provide a method and an apparatus that make it possible to modify an image, editing the image in a numerically quantifiable manner and obtaining measurable results.
  • an apparatus comprising:
  • a display device configured for displaying, in a common colour space, the gamut of a printing process and a solid element representing the colours of an image, so that the degree of overlapping between the gamut of the printing process and the solid element representing the image colours can be evaluated;
  • a modifying device for modifying at least one parameter of the image, so as to increase the degree of overlapping
  • control unit programmed for moving the solid element representing the image colours in the colour space displayed by the display device, from a first position corresponding to the image prior to the modification step to a second position corresponding to the image following the modification step.
  • the method and the apparatus according to the invention enable rapid and easy modification of an image so as to increase the degree of overlapping between the solid element representing the image colours and the gamut of the printing process. In this manner, it is possible to obtain modified images that can be printed successfully even with printing processes having a rather limited gamut, as is the case in the ceramics sector.
  • the degree of overlapping between the gamut of the printing process and the solid element representing the image colours can be evaluated visually or with the aid of numerical tools, even by operators who are not skilled in the art. This makes the method and the apparatus according to the invention utilizable by anyone, after an extremely short training period.
  • the parameter or parameters which are edited so as to modify the image can be quantified numerically, as regards both the initial value and the modified value thereof. This enables controllable, precise and repeatable processing of the image.
  • Figure 1 is a view showing a computer screenshot, in an initial step of a method for processing images
  • Figure 2 is a view showing a computer screenshot in an intermediate step of the method
  • Figure 3 is a view showing a computer screenshot in a final step of the method.
  • the method that will be described makes it possible to increase the number of image colours that fall within the gamut of the printing process utilized.
  • a "gamut" of a printing process is defined as the set of colours that the printing process at hand actually makes it possible to reproduce.
  • some printing processes are subject to limitations that make it impossible to print all the visible colours.
  • the gamut of the printing process is influenced by numerous factors such as the background colour of the tile, the number and type of available ceramic glazes or inks, the technology for application of a glaze or ink, and firing temperatures and times for the printed ceramic tile. The combination of these factors markedly narrows the gamut of a printing process for ceramic tiles, with respect to other printing processes, for example with respect to processes for printing on paper.
  • the method for processing images which will be described below, can be implemented by utilizing a computer software program on an apparatus suited for automatically carrying out the steps of which the method is composed.
  • the apparatus comprises a computer having a display device, particularly a monitor, on which there can be displayed various tools designed to assist an operator in the processing of an image.
  • the apparatus further comprises a modifying device, for example a mouse, a joystick or a keyboard, by means of which the operator can modify the image.
  • the apparatus comprises a control unit, which controls the display device, also in response to the settings selected by the operator by means of the modifying device.
  • the display device is suitable for displaying a screen comprising a window
  • the gamut of the printing process can be represented three-dimensionally in a colour space, for example in a CIELab colour space, showing the colours that can be printed by the printing process at hand by means of their coordinates along the L, a, and b axes.
  • the a axis represents the position between magenta and green, which ranges from green to magenta moving from negative to positive values.
  • the b axis represents the position between yellow and blue, which ranges from blue to yellow, moving from negative to positive values.
  • the gamut of the printing process can be provided as input to the image processing method, for example utilizing any ICC profile.
  • the gamut 2 of the printing process is a three-dimensional solid element shown in a dark grey colour, in which the points corresponding to colours that can actually be obtained at the end of the printing process are represented, as explained above, in the CIELab space.
  • the set of colours 3 of an image taken as a starting point to generate an image to be printed there is also displayed the set of colours 3 of an image taken as a starting point to generate an image to be printed.
  • the set of colours 3 defines a three-dimensional solid element in the colour space, shown in light grey in Figure 1 , the points of which correspond to the colours present in the starting image.
  • the operator can evaluate the degree of overlapping between the gamut 2 of the printing process and the set of colours 3.
  • almost the entire set of image colours 3 is out of the gamut 2 of the printing process. This means that the printing process is incapable of faithfully reproducing the starting image.
  • the starting image may be obtained in any manner whatsoever, for example by scanning a photograph or a drawing, by generating a drawing using a specific graphics software program, by taking a photograph of an element of interest, or even by downloading an image from the Internet.
  • the starting image is a high resolution photograph of a type of wood that one intends to reproduce on the object to be printed.
  • the starting image can be loaded by the operator using, for example, a selection window 4 that can be displayed by the display device.
  • the selection window 4 offers the operator the possibility to choose a path corresponding to a position in the memory of the computer in which the image has been saved.
  • the operator can select a modifying window 5, shown in Figure 2, and using this window the operator can modify one or more parameters of the image.
  • the modifying window 5 enables the operator to modify four parameters of the image, that is: - the white point W;
  • This parameter corresponds to an angle of rotation of the image about the L-axis in the representation of the colours in the CIELab colour space;
  • This parameter is indicative of the intensity of a specific hue.
  • saturation S By decreasing saturation S, the points of the image are brought closer to the L-axis of the CIELab colour space and tend to take on grey tones.
  • a modifying element which in the example shown is in the form of a cursor 6.
  • Each cursor 6 moves along a line 7, which, in the example shown, is in the form of a graduated line.
  • the position of the cursor 6 can be changed by the operator, for example by means of the mouse or the keyboard.
  • a box 8 can be provided, in which the current value of the parameter being considered can be displayed.
  • the white point W value of the image is 60
  • the black point K value is 9
  • the hue value is 65
  • the saturation value is 40.
  • an initial position indicator 9 which can be seen more clearly in Figure 3, can be provided along the corresponding line 7.
  • the initial position indicator 9 is arranged, along the respective line
  • the initial position indicator 9 thus makes it possible for the operator who is modifying the image to control how distant the modified parameters of the image are from the initial parameters, instant by instant.
  • a range 10 corresponding to the range of values of that parameter in the gamut 2 of the printing process. Representing the range 10 is particularly significant for the white point W and for the black point K, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the range 10 can be represented for example by highlighting one segment of the line 7 in a special colour.
  • the range 10 allows the operator to realize immediately whether the parameter of the image being considered is close to or distant from the values of that parameter in the gamut 2 of the printing process. The operator can thus understand whether and how to modify that particular parameter of the image in a suitable manner.
  • the white point W value of the image is initially 60, which lies within the range 10 defined by the values of the white point W of the gamut 2 of the printing process. Modification of the white point W of the image can thus be considered superfluous in the first instance.
  • the black point K is out of the range 10 defined by the values that the black point K has in the gamut 2 of the printing process.
  • the black point K value of the image is much lower than the corresponding range 10. The operator thus understands that increasing the black point K value of the image is useful for improving the degree of overlapping between the set of colours 3 of the image and the gamut 2 of the printing process.
  • the display device can also be configured to display a preview 1 1 of the image corresponding to the current parameters.
  • the preview 1 1 can be displayed in the modifying window 5, as in the example appearing in Figure 2, or in a different position made available by the display device.
  • the operator can carry out a qualitative visual analysis of the current image.
  • the method comprises the step of carrying out a quantitative evaluation of the degree of overlapping of the gamut 2 of the printing process and the set of colours 3 of the image.
  • this quantitative evaluation can be activated by means of a button 12 of the modifying window 5.
  • the button 12 activates a mathematical function that provides an estimate of the size of the intersection between the set of image colours 3 and the gamut 2 of the printing process.
  • the above-mentioned mathematical function determines which fraction of the set of image colours 3 is contained within the gamut 2 of the printing process. The closer the fraction of the set of colours 3 contained in the gamut is to 100% of the set of colours 3, the more numerous the colours of the image that are actually printable by the printing process.
  • the results of the quantitative evaluation cited hereinabove can be shown by a graphic representation, which, in the example shown, comprises a bar 13, which can be seen in Figure 3.
  • the bar 13 can be displayed inside an elongated window 14.
  • the length of the bar 13 is proportional to the degree of overlapping between the gamut 2 of the printing process and the set of colours 3 of the image.
  • the degree of overlapping between the set of colours 3 of the image and the gamut 2 of the printing process is equal to 100%, which means that all the image colours are contained within the gamut of the printing process. Therefore, all the image colours can be faithfully reproduced by the printing process.
  • the bar 13 is not visible in the elongated window 14, the degree of overlapping between the set of colours 3 of the image and the gamut 2 of the printing process is null, that is, the image is not printable in a correct manner by the printing process considered.
  • the operator is able to obtain a precise indication of the degree of overlapping between the set of colours 3 of the image and the gamut 2 of the printing process by evaluating the length of the bar 13 shown inside the elongated window 14. This evaluation is more precise than the evaluation that can be obtained by simply observing the gamut 2 of the printing process and the solid element representing the set of colours 3 of the image in the colour space.
  • an activation element particularly a button 15, is also present, this element serving for activating a memory function that makes it possible to store the current values of the image parameters in the memory, so that these values can be retrieved in the future.
  • a reset button 16 also makes it possible to bring the image back to its initial condition if the modifications carried out on the W, K, H and S parameters by the operator prove to be unsatisfactory.
  • the operator evaluates the degree of overlapping between the gamut 2 of the printing process and the set of colours 3 of the image.
  • This evaluation may be carried out visually, using the representation of the gamut 2 and the set of colours 3 in the colour space.
  • the operator modifies at least one parameter of the image for the purpose of increasing the above-mentioned degree of overlapping, that is, to ensure that the greatest possible number of points in the image are of a colour comprised in the gamut 2 of the printing process.
  • the ranges 10 provided along the lines 7 to highlight the values of the white point W and the black point K in the gamut 2 of the printing process can be of help. For example, in the situation shown in Figure 2, it is immediately observable that the image has a lower black point K with respect to the printing gamut 2 and that therefore the black point K of the image must be increased.
  • the operator thus increases the black point K of the image by using the corresponding cursor 6.
  • the black point K of the image is increased from 9 to 32.
  • the control unit calculates the position of the set of colours that make up the modified image and moves the set of colours 3 in the colour space as a result.
  • the colour set 3, that is, the solid element representing the image colours, is thus moved from a first position, as shown in Figure 2, to a second position, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the first position corresponds to the set of colours of the points that make up the starting image
  • the second image corresponds to the set of colours of the points that make up the modified image.
  • the gamut 2 of the printing process is still represented as a dark grey solid element, whereas the set of colours 3 is represented as a light grey solid element.
  • the gamut 2 of the printing process appears to be of a different shape compared to that shown in Figure 2. This is simply due to the fact that the Lab reference system in Figure 3 has been rotated with reference to Figure 2 so as to achieve greater clarity in the representation. However, the gamut 2 of the printing process has not been modified in any manner. From a simple visual analysis, it is evident that the modifications made, (the result of which is shown in Figure 3) have markedly increased the degree of overlapping between the gamut 2 of the printing process and the set of colours 3 of the image. This is confirmed by a quantitative analysis, which the operator can perform by activating the function for numerically determining the interpenetration between the image and the gamut of the printing process, for example by means of the button 12.
  • a bar 13 is thereby displayed, occupying almost the entire elongated window 14.
  • the length of the bar 13, with respect to the length of the elongated window 14, is indicative of a situation in which more than 90% of the points of the image are within the gamut 2 of the printing process. The image can therefore be printed with reasonably good results.
  • the preview 1 1 of the image displayed in the modifying window 5 has been modified in keeping with the changes made on the image.
  • the operator can thus have an indication as to the appearance of the image that he has modified for comparison with the starting image.
  • the numerical values of the W, K, H and S parameters corresponding to both the starting image and the modified image are displayed during the processing of the image. This allows for univocal identification of the starting image and the modified image, associating the corresponding values of the W, K, H and S parameters with each image. These parameters also enable univocal identification of the transformation which, from the starting image, has led to the modified image. If necessary, it is thus possible to repeat that transformation at any time.
  • the image has been modified satisfactorily for the operator, it is possible to generate the image file that the preselected printing process will make it possible to print. For example, in the case in which a silk- screen printed decoration is printed on a ceramic tile by means of the preselected printing process, the file that enables printing of the image can contain the information needed to construct the silk-screens associated with each colour of the image.
  • the generation of the image file can be started by pressing a button 17 displayed by the display device.
  • the method described above is very intuitive and can be used successfully even by operators with little experience, who may have only received some basic information about the operation of the method.
  • the method enables rapid evaluation of the results of the modifications made on the image, which makes it possible to be able - in a short time and substantially without carrying out printing tests - to modify the image, making it successfully printable in the printing process being utilized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à : - afficher, dans un espace couleur commun, une gamme (2) d'un processus d'impression et d'un élément solide (3) représentant les couleurs d'une image ; - évaluer le degré de chevauchement entre la gamme (2) du processus d'impression et l'élément solide (3) représentant les couleurs d'image, dans ledit espace couleur ; si le degré de chevauchement est insuffisant, modifier au moins un paramètre de l'image ; - déplacer l'élément solide (3) représentant les couleurs d'image dans ledit espace couleur d'une première position correspondant à l'image avant l'étape de modification à une seconde position correspondant à l'image suivant l'étape de modification, de telle sorte que le degré de chevauchement suivant l'étape de modification peut être évalué.
PCT/IB2013/058485 2012-09-21 2013-09-12 Procédé et appareil pour traiter des images WO2014045167A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000228A ITMO20120228A1 (it) 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 Metodo ed apparato per processare immagini.
ITMO2012A000228 2012-09-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014045167A1 true WO2014045167A1 (fr) 2014-03-27

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PCT/IB2013/058485 WO2014045167A1 (fr) 2012-09-21 2013-09-12 Procédé et appareil pour traiter des images

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WO (1) WO2014045167A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020079038A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Agfa Nv Procédé de mappage de couleurs de motifs oligochromatiques
CN112840185A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2021-05-25 爱克发有限公司 快速光谱颜色测量方法

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US6480301B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2002-11-12 Lexmark International, Inc. Method and apparatus for gamut boundary determination
US20040100643A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-27 Jones David Edward Gamut description and visualization
US20050146734A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-07-07 Microsoft Corporation System and method for dynamically controlling gamut mapping functions
WO2007137624A1 (fr) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Représentation de gamme de couleurs ad hoc

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US6480301B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2002-11-12 Lexmark International, Inc. Method and apparatus for gamut boundary determination
US20040100643A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-27 Jones David Edward Gamut description and visualization
US20050146734A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-07-07 Microsoft Corporation System and method for dynamically controlling gamut mapping functions
WO2007137624A1 (fr) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Représentation de gamme de couleurs ad hoc

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FARUP I ET AL.: "Interactive color gamut mapping", 11TH INTERNATIONAL PRINTING AND GRAPHICS ARTS CONFERENCE, 1 October 2002 (2002-10-01), Bordeaux, XP002697979, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.ansatt.hig.no/ivarf/publications/Farup_02_ipgac.pdf> [retrieved on 20130531] *
IVAR FARUP ET AL: "Visualization and Interactive Manipulation of Color Gamuts", TENTH COLOR IMAGING CONFERENCE: COLOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS, 1 November 2002 (2002-11-01), Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, pages 250 - 255, XP055055771, ISBN: 978-0-89-208241-4 *
Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://scholar.google.no/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=no&user=Fly9iXMAAAAJ&cstart=20&citation_for_view=Fly9iXMAAAAJ:hqOjcs7Dif8C> [retrieved on 20130531] *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020079038A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Agfa Nv Procédé de mappage de couleurs de motifs oligochromatiques
CN112823505A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2021-05-18 爱克发有限公司 渐变色图案的颜色映射方法
CN112840185A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2021-05-25 爱克发有限公司 快速光谱颜色测量方法
US11455130B2 (en) 2018-10-17 2022-09-27 Agfa Nv Method of color mapping of oligochromatic patterns
CN112823505B (zh) * 2018-10-17 2023-11-28 爱克发有限公司 渐变色图案的颜色映射方法

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