WO2014037072A1 - Revêtements contenant du mo sur des outils pour trempe directe sous presse - Google Patents

Revêtements contenant du mo sur des outils pour trempe directe sous presse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014037072A1
WO2014037072A1 PCT/EP2013/002223 EP2013002223W WO2014037072A1 WO 2014037072 A1 WO2014037072 A1 WO 2014037072A1 EP 2013002223 W EP2013002223 W EP 2013002223W WO 2014037072 A1 WO2014037072 A1 WO 2014037072A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
press
lubricating
mold according
hardening mold
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/002223
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Lukas SOBIECH
Helmut Rudigier
Hans-Werner WULKE
Doris FOPP-SPORI
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach filed Critical Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach
Publication of WO2014037072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014037072A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices

Definitions

  • Direct press-hardening comprises the steps of i) tempering at about 900 ° C (austenitic region), ii) transferring the sheet to the press, and iii) molding and curing the component by the mold-held mold. At the end of pressing, the press is held closed until the entire steel plate is sufficiently quenched (Senuma, T .: ISIJ Int. 41, 520 (2001)).
  • the steel sheet is, as described above, processed at temperatures of about 800 ° C.
  • the scaling of the steel surface at high temperatures is difficult.
  • an aluminized steel sheet was developed as a product called USIBOR® 1500 (AlSi-coated, ArcelorMittal) for this application. This has excellent properties in terms of process lubrication, oxidation protection and corrosion resistance in subsequent use in the automobile.
  • PVD coatings with low friction and high wear protection to the mold.
  • nitride-based coatings eg CrN and TiAlN
  • solid lubricants such as carbon or MoS 2 based Layers (eg diamond-like carbon (DLC) and metal MoS 2 composites).
  • Clarysse et al. (Clarysse, F. et al .: Wear 264 (2008) 400-404) describe the wear behavior (galling) of various layer systems in specially designed tests. They have observed that composite carbon-based (DLC-type and WC / C) composites show outstanding galling resistance. Accordingly, they recommended the use of this type of tool coating rather than the typical hard coatings such as CrN, TiN, CrN / TiCrN.
  • Another known concept to improve the properties of molds for press hardening and thus the surface quality of the components produced thereby, is to nitride or carbonitride the molds, as well as to perform other surface treatments on the molds, such as plasma treatments, micro structuring, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a coating for molding tools which satisfactorily improves the service life and the wear behavior of the tool.
  • the coating should provide sufficient abrasive wear protection, sufficient adhesive wear protection, sufficient adhesion and sufficient temperature stability (phase stability and oxidation).
  • the coating should improve galling protection, as typically observed with AlSi-coated steel sheets during press-hardening, compared to coatings that are currently used (TiAlN and AlCrN).
  • the object is achieved by applying to the tool a layer system which contains one or more layer packages in which, as the distance from the substrate increases, a high-temperature-active smear layer follows a high-temperature-stabilized layer (HT layer).
  • a high-temperature-active smear layer follows a high-temperature-stabilized layer (HT layer).
  • HT layer high-temperature-stabilized layer
  • the term "lubricating layer" is to be understood as a high-temperature-active lubricating layer
  • a plurality of such layer packages are implemented successively as a alternating layer system
  • the number of layer packages and the respective layer thickness can correspond to the prevailing high-temperature tribo contact and the resulting mechanical and chemical stress of the tool be set.
  • the bandwidth can thus extend from bi-layer to multilayer to nano-laminated / structured multilayer.
  • the lubricating layers of the layer packages based on the HT layers are preferably realized by partially replacing the metallic constituents occurring in the HT layer by one or more element (s) which promote the lubricating properties of the layer.
  • the inventive solution of the problem can be achieved for example by a alternating layer system of molybdenum-rich and low-molybdenum layers.
  • the molybdenum-poor layers in the alternating layer system form the HT layers and have, for example, a composition corresponding to (Mel, Me 2, Mo a ) N.
  • the molybdenum-rich layers form the lubricating layers and have a composition corresponding to (Me3, Me4, Mo b ) N.
  • a and b indicate the metallic content in at.%
  • the maximum molybdenum concentration in the molybdenum rich layers is at least 5 at.%, More preferably at least over 10 at.%, Above the minimum molybdenum concentration of the adjacent low molybdenum layers.
  • the molybdenum-rich layers of the alternating layer system can be deposited, for example, both by means of PVD methods using individual components of material sources (targets) and by means of PVD methods using multicomponent material sources.
  • the molybdenum-rich layers of the alternating layer system may contain one or more other elements selected from the group consisting of C, O, Si, V, W, Zr, Cu, and Ag.
  • the molybdenum-poor layers of the alternating layer system may, in order to further improve the high-temperature stability, for example, by improving the mechanical and chemical properties, one or more further elements and mixtures thereof from the group formed by Si, W, Zr and B.
  • the total layer thickness between 4 and 10 ⁇ , more preferably between 6 and 8 ⁇ .
  • the inventors have reason to believe that the layer oxidation taking place at the high temperatures (about 800 ° C.) releases molybdenum, which subsequently partially reacts to what are known as Magneli phases. It is known that such Magneli phases have excellent lubricating properties (solid state lubrication). An indication of this is the advantageous influence of copper, which, as a catalyst, facilitates oxidation and thus optimizes HT lubrication.
  • such layers are generally suitable as lubricating layers which form Magneli phases.
  • These so-called “shear structures” are formed, for example, by oxides of vanadium, tungsten, titanium or even molybdenum and are characterized by crystallographic shear planes / slip planes with low shear strength / shear stress.
  • a 2 ⁇ thick (Tio .5 Alo.5) N layer is applied to a press-hardening mold. Then follow 4 layer packages, each layer package 0.5 ⁇ a thick (Tio.3Alo.3Moo. 4) on which a 0.5 ⁇ thick (Tio .5 Al 0.5) N layer follows.
  • the layer system is completed by a 0.5 ⁇ m thick (Ti 0 .3 Al 3 .Moo. 4).
  • the (Ti 0.3 Alo .3 Moo .4 ) N layers may in turn be formed as nanolayers.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by separating the materials of the layers from separate material sources (targets) in a PVD process.
  • a TiAl target can be arranged next to a Mo target in the vacuum chamber of a coating installation, during which the substrates to be coated in the vacuum chamber are mounted on a so-called carousel past the targets. If an HT layer is to be deposited, the Mo target will not start up taken and only from the TiAl target is coated. If a smear layer is to be deposited, the Mo target is also put into operation.
  • a 2 ⁇ thick (Ti 0.3 Al 0 .7) N layer is applied to a press-hardening mold. Then follow 4 layer packages, each layer package 0.5 ⁇ a thick (Ti 0. 8 i .42 Alö Moo. 4) contains the N a (Ti 0.3 Al 0.7) N layer follows 0.5 ⁇ thick.
  • the layer system is completed by a 0.5 ⁇ m thick (Tio.18Al 0 42 Moo. 4 ) N.
  • This layer system can also be realized as a variant in the form of a nanolayer structure.
  • a 2 ⁇ thick (Alo .65 Cro .25 Sio .05 ) N layer is applied to a press-hardening mold and Si can optionally also be omitted.
  • Si can optionally also be omitted.
  • 4 layer packages follow, whereby each layer package contains a 0,5 ⁇ thick (Al 0, 42 Croj 8 Moo. 35 Cuo . O 5 ) N on which a 0.5 ⁇ thick (Alo.7Cro.3) N layer follows.
  • the layer system is completed by a 0.5 ⁇ m thick layer (Alo. 42 Cro.i8Moo.35Cuo.o 5 ).
  • the Mo-containing layers are again realized in the example as nanolayers.
  • a press-hardening molding tool with a layer system applied to the substrate contains one or more layer packages in which a smearing layer on a high-temperature-stabilized layer (HT layer) follows with increasing distance from the substrate.
  • HT layer high-temperature-stabilized layer
  • One or more of the smear layers may contain a Magneli phase.
  • One or more of the smear layers may contain a molybdenum concentration that is above the molybdenum concentration in the HT layers.
  • the base material from which the lubricating layers are constructed may substantially correspond to the base material constituting the HT layer.
  • One or more of the lubricating layers may include one or more of the group consisting of C, O, Si, V, W, Zr, Cu, and Ag to further improve the lubricating properties.
  • One or more of the HT layers may contain one or more further elements and mixtures thereof from the group formed by Si, W, Zr, and B to improve their high temperature properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un outil de formage-trempe sous presse doté d'un revêtement, présentant une protection accrue contre l'usure par abrasion et contre l'usure par adhérence de même qu'une résistance à l'oxydation, ce qui permet d'obtenir une durée de vie accrue de l'outil et par conséquent un rendement amélioré lors de la trempe directe sous presse Ces caractéristiques sont obtenues par un outil de formage-trempe sous presse comportant un système de couches appliqué sur le substrat, comprenant un ou plusieurs ensembles de couches comportant, dans la direction opposée au substrat, une couche stabilisée à haute température (couche HT) suivie d'une couche de lubrification active à haute température .
PCT/EP2013/002223 2012-09-07 2013-07-26 Revêtements contenant du mo sur des outils pour trempe directe sous presse WO2014037072A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012017694.5A DE102012017694A1 (de) 2012-09-07 2012-09-07 Mo-haltige Beschichtungen auf Werkzeugen für das direkte Presshärten
DE102012017694.5 2012-09-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014037072A1 true WO2014037072A1 (fr) 2014-03-13

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PCT/EP2013/002223 WO2014037072A1 (fr) 2012-09-07 2013-07-26 Revêtements contenant du mo sur des outils pour trempe directe sous presse

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AR (1) AR092404A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012017694A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW201414850A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014037072A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015163386A1 (fr) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-29 株式会社神戸製鋼所 MOULE DESTINÉ AU FORMAGE À CHAUD D'UNE TÔLE D'ACIER PLAQUÉE AU Zn
WO2016012600A1 (fr) 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Trübbach Revêtements multicouches me11-ame2azi/mo1-b-csicbbzii ayant subi une évaporation à l'arc
US11427879B2 (en) 2018-05-02 2022-08-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Die construction methodology for reducing quench time for press hardenable steels

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015213485B4 (de) 2015-07-17 2022-04-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Pressenwerkzeug mit einer Formschale für die Umformung von Tailored Blanks und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Formschale

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US20050003239A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2005-01-06 Unaxis Balzers Ltd Work piece with a hard film of AICr-containing material, and process for its production
WO2006005217A2 (fr) * 2004-07-15 2006-01-19 Oc Oerlikon Balzers Ag Revetement dur a haute resistance a l'oxydation pour outils de coupe
US20060222893A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Volker Derflinger Multilayer hard coating for tools
EP1947209A1 (fr) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Film de revêtement dur pour outil de formage et outil de formage
US20080233374A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Markus Lechthaler Wear Resistant Hard Coating for A Workpiece and Method for Producing the Same
US20100047545A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel Ltd.) Material with hard coating film formed on substrate surface thereof
WO2011095292A1 (fr) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-11 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Outils de coupe avec revêtements multicouche à base de al-cr-b-n / ti-al-n
WO2012104048A1 (fr) * 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Outils de formage ou d'estampage de tôle métallique à chaud dotés de revêtements de cr-si-n

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SE526339C2 (sv) * 2002-09-04 2005-08-23 Seco Tools Ab Skär med slitstark refraktär beläggning med kompositstruktur
WO2008119173A1 (fr) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-09 Innovative Materials Technologies Inc. Revêtement
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US20050003239A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2005-01-06 Unaxis Balzers Ltd Work piece with a hard film of AICr-containing material, and process for its production
WO2006005217A2 (fr) * 2004-07-15 2006-01-19 Oc Oerlikon Balzers Ag Revetement dur a haute resistance a l'oxydation pour outils de coupe
US20060222893A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Volker Derflinger Multilayer hard coating for tools
EP1947209A1 (fr) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Film de revêtement dur pour outil de formage et outil de formage
US20080233374A1 (en) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Markus Lechthaler Wear Resistant Hard Coating for A Workpiece and Method for Producing the Same
US20100047545A1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel Ltd.) Material with hard coating film formed on substrate surface thereof
WO2011095292A1 (fr) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-11 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Outils de coupe avec revêtements multicouche à base de al-cr-b-n / ti-al-n
WO2012104048A1 (fr) * 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Outils de formage ou d'estampage de tôle métallique à chaud dotés de revêtements de cr-si-n

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SENUMA, T., ISIJ INT., vol. 41, 2001, pages 520

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015163386A1 (fr) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-29 株式会社神戸製鋼所 MOULE DESTINÉ AU FORMAGE À CHAUD D'UNE TÔLE D'ACIER PLAQUÉE AU Zn
JP2015205328A (ja) * 2014-04-22 2015-11-19 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Ｚｎめっき鋼板の熱間成形用金型
WO2016012600A1 (fr) 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Trübbach Revêtements multicouches me11-ame2azi/mo1-b-csicbbzii ayant subi une évaporation à l'arc
CN106715757A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2017-05-24 欧瑞康表面解决方案股份公司，普费菲孔 电弧蒸发的Me1 1‑aMe2 aZI/Mo 1‑b‑cSi cB bZII多层涂层
US9752234B2 (en) 2014-07-24 2017-09-05 Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfaffikon Arc evaporated Me11-aMe2aZI/Mo1-b-cSicBbZII multilayer coatings
JP2017526817A (ja) * 2014-07-24 2017-09-14 エリコン・サーフェス・ソリューションズ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト，プフェフィコーンＯｅｒｌｉｋｏｎ Ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ Ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ Ａｇ， Ｐｆａｅｆｆｉｋｏｎ アーク蒸着Ｍｅ１１−ａＭｅ２ａＺＩ／Ｍｏ１−ｂ−ｃＳｉｃＢｂＺＩＩ多層被覆
US11427879B2 (en) 2018-05-02 2022-08-30 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Die construction methodology for reducing quench time for press hardenable steels

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Publication number Publication date
TW201414850A (zh) 2014-04-16
DE102012017694A1 (de) 2014-03-13
AR092404A1 (es) 2015-04-22

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