WO2014036769A1 - 动态尿液监测器及动态尿液监测仪 - Google Patents

动态尿液监测器及动态尿液监测仪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014036769A1
WO2014036769A1 PCT/CN2012/082407 CN2012082407W WO2014036769A1 WO 2014036769 A1 WO2014036769 A1 WO 2014036769A1 CN 2012082407 W CN2012082407 W CN 2012082407W WO 2014036769 A1 WO2014036769 A1 WO 2014036769A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
urine
module
dynamic
specific gravity
information
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PCT/CN2012/082407
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈云
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珠海沃姆电子有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 珠海沃姆电子有限公司 filed Critical 珠海沃姆电子有限公司
Priority to DK12839145.5T priority Critical patent/DK2730215T3/da
Priority to US14/779,966 priority patent/US9895095B2/en
Priority to EP12839145.5A priority patent/EP2730215B1/en
Publication of WO2014036769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014036769A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/20—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons for measuring urological functions restricted to the evaluation of the urinary system
    • A61B5/207—Sensing devices adapted to collect urine
    • A61B5/208—Sensing devices adapted to collect urine adapted to determine urine quantity, e.g. flow, volume
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/0045—Devices for taking samples of body liquids
    • A61B10/007—Devices for taking samples of body liquids for taking urine samples
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
    • A61B5/6891—Furniture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7225—Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
    • A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means using visual displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/493—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material urine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
    • A61B2560/0475—Special features of memory means, e.g. removable memory cards
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0271—Thermal or temperature sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a monitor and a monitor for dynamically measuring urine.
  • the present invention is based on a Chinese patent application filed on Sep. 07, 2012, the application number of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Urine flow is an important indicator reflecting the dynamic balance of body fluids and heart and kidney function. Accurate urine flow monitoring can help to determine the changes of the condition and guide the development of treatment plans. Urine flow monitoring is an important part of detecting a variety of indicators for patients. For critically ill patients, urine flow can often predict renal dysfunction before serum creatinine rises. However, for a long time, the important parameters of urine flow, which can reflect the effective circulating blood volume and kidney function in time, the accuracy and timeliness of clinical monitoring are far from enough, let alone safety automatic monitoring. At present, the clinical monitoring of urine in critically ill patients has been manual intermittent static monitoring, which not only increases the workload of nurses, but also leads to waste of medical care and increases the risk of urine exposure. There may also be phenomena such as failure to measure on time, recording errors, etc., which may cause delays or serious errors in clinical judgment.
  • the specific gravity of the urine can reflect the function of the kidney.
  • the urine specific gravity can be seen in dehydration, proteinuria, diabetes, acute nephritis, high fever, etc.
  • the urine specific gravity is too low, which is seen in the impaired renal concentrating function, such as chronic glomerulonephritis and acute nephritis.
  • the monitoring of urine specific gravity information has also been carried out by manual intermittent sampling, and then using the instrument for detection, and due to the separation of sampling and detection in time, it is often impossible to detect the urine sample after sampling, and thus cause precipitation of the urine sample, thereby causing The deviation of the test results.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic urine monitor for dynamically measuring urine flow and urine specific gravity
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic urine monitor that can flush a pipeline and a measurement system
  • Another main object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic urine monitor constructed from the above dynamic urine monitor.
  • Liquid measurement system includes a weighing measurement subsystem, a specific gravity measurement subsystem, and an output input module.
  • the weighing measurement subsystem includes a load cell and a weighing information analog-to-digital conversion module, and the weighing sensor is connected with the urine collecting device for dynamically measuring the urine weight in the urine collecting device;
  • the specific gravity measuring subsystem includes the specific gravity sensor and the specific gravity information.
  • the analog-to-digital conversion module the specific gravity sensor is used to dynamically measure the specific gravity of the urine and is connected in series to the pipeline upstream of the urine collection device.
  • an output input module configured to exchange data between the weighing information conversion module and the information of the specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module with the outside world.
  • the measurement system further includes a main control module, and the main control module is provided with a storage unit for storing information of the weighing information analog-digital conversion module and the specific gravity information analog-digital conversion module.
  • the information of the weighing information analog-to-digital conversion module and the specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module can be stored through the storage unit, in the dynamic urine monitor and peripherals.
  • the main control module makes the information in the storage unit preferentially read by the peripheral, and then reads the information of the weighing information analog-to-digital conversion module and the specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module.
  • the above information can be retrieved from the storage unit.
  • the pipeline also includes an overflow passage connected in parallel across the specific gravity sensor.
  • an overflow passage connected in parallel across the specific gravity sensor.
  • a flushing device is disposed in the housing, the flushing device includes a water pump, and the water pump is connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the specific gravity sensor.
  • the specific gravity sensor is flushed by the water pump, and the washed water flows into the urine collecting device, and then the urine collecting device is taken out and replaced for the next monitoring.
  • a more specific solution is a water storage container that is disposed in the housing and connected to the water inlet pipe.
  • the setting of the water storage container does not need to be extracted from the outside of the dynamic urine monitor when the water is taken by the water pump, which is convenient for operation.
  • the water storage container preferably stores one or more rinse waters.
  • a water level detector is disposed in the water storage container, and the water level detector is connected to the alarm device.
  • the water level in the water storage container is low, an alarm is issued, prompting to add water to the water storage container to prevent the water pump from idling.
  • the dynamic urine monitor is provided with a fixing device including a fixing clip for hanging on the beam of the hospital bed; and a guiding mechanism for guiding the fixing device to slide freely in the vertical direction.
  • the dynamic urine monitor is fixed to the beam below the bed by the fixing clip, and the position of the fixing clip in the vertical direction is adjusted by the guiding mechanism, which facilitates the connection and disassembly of the dynamic urine monitor and the bed, and can adapt to the bed of different beam heights. .
  • a fixing device including a fixing clip for hanging on the beam of the hospital bed; and a guiding mechanism for guiding the fixing device to slide freely in the vertical direction.
  • the fixing device includes a sliding plate defined to slide in the guiding mechanism, a horizontally disposed supporting rod fixed at one end of the sliding plate, a fixing clip horizontally slidable along the supporting rod, and a fixing clip for fixing the fixing clip relative to the supporting rod.
  • the first fixed knob The vertical height of the fixing device is adjusted by sliding the sliding plate in the guiding mechanism, and sliding horizontally along the supporting rod can adjust the horizontal position of the fixing clip, so that the connection and disassembly of the dynamic urine monitor and the hospital bed are more convenient and flexible.
  • a more specific solution is that a guiding mechanism is disposed on both sides of the housing, and both ends of the sliding plate are respectively defined in guiding mechanisms on both sides, and the supporting rod, the fixing clip and the first fixing knob are disposed symmetrically.
  • Two support rods, a retaining clip and a first fixed knob make the dynamic urine monitor more stable when it is fixed to the beam. The slide keeps the two support rods in the same horizontal position.
  • a more specific solution is to provide a second fixing knob on the fixing clip.
  • the retaining clip further secures the dynamic urine monitor to the beam by a second fixed knob.
  • the bottom of the housing is provided with a scroll wheel.
  • the movement of the dynamic urine monitor is facilitated to achieve yet another object of the present invention.
  • the dynamic urine monitor and the beam of the bed are fixed, when the bed is moved, the dynamic urine monitor can move along with the bed, and the dynamic urine monitor can work continuously without disconnecting, and then can be reduced.
  • the work intensity of small care workers are fixed.
  • the urine collecting device comprises a first receiving portion located upstream and a second receiving portion located downstream, the first receiving portion being connected to the second receiving portion by an inverted U-shaped tube therein, the first receiving portion being provided with discharging The opening and closing valve for containing urine inside.
  • the inverted U-shaped tube allows the urine of the first receiving portion to reach the specified amount and is once introduced into the second receiving portion, so that the old urine is not left in the first receiving portion, the sampling is realized by the opening and closing valve, and the sampled urine is ensured.
  • Fresh urine is used to achieve yet another object of the present invention.
  • the housing is provided with an openable front door at a position facing the opening and closing valve.
  • the front door is made to facilitate the extraction of urine samples.
  • the measurement system further comprises a temperature measurement subsystem comprising a temperature sensor disposed at the inlet of the pipeline.
  • a temperature measurement subsystem comprising a temperature sensor disposed at the inlet of the pipeline.
  • a dynamic urine monitor provided by the present invention includes a processing device and at least one dynamic urine monitor.
  • the dynamic urine monitor includes a housing in which a urine collection device for collecting urine, a conduit for introducing urine into the urine collection device, and a measurement system for dynamically measuring urine are disposed.
  • the measurement system includes a weighing measurement subsystem, a specific gravity measurement subsystem, and an output input module.
  • the weighing measurement subsystem includes a load cell and a weighing information analog-to-digital conversion module, and the weighing sensor dynamically measures the weight of urine in the urine collecting device;
  • the specific gravity measuring subsystem includes a specific gravity sensor and a specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module, and the specific gravity sensor dynamics The specific gravity of the urine is measured and placed upstream of the urine collection device.
  • an output input module configured to exchange data between the information of the weighing information analog-to-digital conversion module and the specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module and the processing device.
  • the processing device includes an information receiving module, a data processing module, and a display screen.
  • the information receiving module receives the information sent by the output input module; the data processing module performs operations according to the information received by the information receiving module, including a urine flow computing sub-module; the display screen displays the urine specific gravity information received by the information receiving module and the data processing module The result of the operation.
  • the output input module is a wireless transmitting module
  • the information receiving module is a wireless receiving module
  • wireless transmission of data can be performed between the output input module and the information receiving module, so that the processing device and the dynamic urine monitor can be placed separately to facilitate observation of the measurement result.
  • the dynamic urine monitor and processing device can also be transmitted by wire, in which case the processing device can be placed on a dynamic urine monitor and the display screen can be placed in a convenient viewing position.
  • the data processing module may further include a urine osmotic pressure operation sub-module.
  • the urine osmotic pressure calculation sub-module converts the urine specific gravity information from the specific gravity sensor into urine osmotic pressure information, so that the urine osmotic pressure information is directly displayed on the display screen without complicated additional calculation.
  • Urine osmotic pressure is also an important detection index of clinical medicine. Its abnormality reflects the changes of the patient's body condition and is of great significance for its detection.
  • the data processing module may further include a urine flow rate operation sub-module, and the information of the dynamic urine flow rate is displayed through the display screen.
  • the urine flow rate calculation sub-module converts the urine flow rate information into the urine flow rate information based on the urine weight information and the urine specific gravity information, so that the dynamic urine flow rate information is directly displayed on the display screen without additional calculation.
  • the data processing module may further comprise a urine concentration operation sub-module, and the information of the urine concentration is displayed through the display screen.
  • the urine concentration data processing module converts the urine specific gravity information issued by the specific gravity sensor into urine concentration information, so that the urine concentration information is directly displayed on the display screen without additional calculation.
  • Urine concentration is also an important indicator of clinical medicine. Its abnormality reflects the changes in the patient's physical condition and is of great significance for its monitoring.
  • the processing system may also include a remote management module. Through the remote management module, the patient's information can be monitored remotely, and multiple patient information can be monitored simultaneously in the monitoring room.
  • the data processing system may further comprise a storage module that stores the information received by the information receiving module and the historical operation result of the data processing module. Historical information can be tuned to compare with instant information to further assist in the judgment of the patient's physical condition.
  • the dynamic urine monitor program when the urine is introduced into the dynamic urine monitor by the pipeline and flows through the specific gravity sensor, dynamic information of the specific gravity of the urine is obtained, and when flowing into the urine collecting device, the urine weight is obtained. Dynamic information to achieve dynamic measurement of urine weight and urine specific gravity.
  • the arrangement of the housing allows the work of the measuring system and the urine collecting device to be free from the external environment.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a dynamic urine monitor of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of an embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a structural exploded view of an embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a chamber pipe in the embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the flow of urine in the chamber of the chamber of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the flow of water for rinsing a chamber pipe in the embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of the urine collecting device and the weighing box of the embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing the signal structure of the embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart of information processing of an embodiment of the dynamic urine monitor of the present invention.
  • the external structure of the dynamic urine monitor is as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the dynamic urine monitor 100 has a casing composed of a front cover door 11, a rear casing 12 and a bottom casing 13, and a measuring system is disposed in the casing as a pipe inlet.
  • the catheter insertion hole 14 is disposed at a position on the upper right side of the housing.
  • the front cover door 11 and the rear cover 12 are pivotally connected on the left side, so that the front cover door 11 can be opened or closed to expose or conceal the measurement system in the casing, and the right side of the front cover door 11 is provided with a dimple 111 serving as a handle. Used to open or close the front cover door 11.
  • a control panel 112 is disposed at an upper position of the front cover door 11
  • a control button 113 is provided on the control panel 112.
  • the top of the rear case 12 is provided with a retractable handle 121. When in use, the handle 121 is pulled out for migrating the dynamic urine monitor 100, and after the dynamic urine monitor 100 is in place, the handle can be lifted. 121 retracted to save space.
  • a fixing device 15 for fixing the dynamic urine monitor to the beam of the hospital bed is also provided on the rear casing 12.
  • the fixing device 15 includes two support rods 151 disposed on the left and right sides of the rear case 12.
  • the ends of the two support rods 151 are coupled with the slide plate 152, and both ends of the slide plate 152 are disposed.
  • the support rod 151 is provided with a fixing clip 154 which can slide horizontally on the support rod 151.
  • the fixing clip 154 and the support rod 151 need to be fixed to each other, the fixing knob 155 of the first fixing knob can be rotated.
  • the fixing clip 154 is further provided with a fixing knob 156 as a second fixing knob for fixing the fixing clip 154 to the beam below the hospital bed.
  • the guiding mechanism disposed on the housing may also be a rib disposed in a vertical direction, and the sliding plate 152 is provided with a groove whose end portion is defined to slide on the rib, and the groove and the rib are matched by the groove.
  • the fixing mechanism 15 is movable in the vertical direction.
  • the bottom structure of the dynamic urine monitor is shown in FIG. 3, and the bottom case 13 is provided with four universal wheels 131 through which the dynamic urine monitor 100 can be moved, and the two near-bottom shells
  • the power jack and USB jack are also provided on the side.
  • the internal structure of the dynamic urine monitor 100 is as shown in FIG. 4, and a support frame 2 is provided in the housing, and the support frame 2 is fixed to the rear case 12 and the bottom case 13.
  • a chamber 21 is disposed above the support frame 2, and a water pump and a hydrometer are installed in the chamber 21.
  • the structure inside the chamber 21 will be described in detail below.
  • a weighing box 3 is disposed below the chamber 21, and a urine collecting device 4 is mounted on the vertical wall 31 of the weighing box 3, and a pipe connecting the patient's catheter is not shown, and the tube is used to introduce urine and flow in.
  • the urine collecting device 4 is mounted on the vertical wall 31 by a fixing mechanism 32.
  • the flexible main receiving portion 42 of the urine collecting device 4 can be bent and then partially inserted into the inner cavity of the weighing box 3, and the weighing box 3 is placed through the platform 5.
  • the load cell can also be a spring-loaded load cell, and the urine collecting device or the weighing box with the urine collecting device can be hung under the load cell.
  • a storage tank 6 is disposed on each of the left and right sides of the bottom casing 13.
  • the two storage tanks are connected at the bottom by pipes, and the upper part of the storage tank is provided with a water inlet 61, a water outlet 62 and a water level measuring opening 63, and the openings are
  • the relative position between the two is not limited to that shown in Fig. 4, and may be disposed at any convenient position in the upper portion of the water tank.
  • the support frame 2 is provided with a movable or rotating irrigation port 64 for replenishing the water storage tank with purified water. When filling, it can be moved or turned to the opening state of the irrigation port 64. After the irrigation is completed, it can be reversely rotated or moved to the closed state and flush with the support frame 2, and the open state is shown in FIG.
  • the water inlet 64 and the water inlet 61 of the water storage tank 6, the water outlet 62 of the water storage tank and the water inlet of the water pump are connected by a conduit, and the two measuring electrodes extend from the water level measuring opening 63 into the water storage tank 6 for sensing storage.
  • the water level of the water tank 6 when the water level of the water storage tank 6 reaches or falls below a critical value, an alarm connected to the measuring electrode will give an alarm to remind the pure water to be added to the water storage tank 6.
  • the chamber has a water pump 7, a hydrometer 8, a U-shaped tube 91 and a vertical tube 92.
  • the conduits 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 are part of the pipeline and are respectively connected to the water pump 7,
  • One or both of the hydrometer 8, U-tube 91 and standpipe 92 are connected.
  • the specific gravity sensor and the specific gravity information conversion module are integrated in the hydrometer 8.
  • the urine discharged by the patient enters the U-shaped tube 91 through the catheter 93, and then flows into the hydrometer 8 through the catheter 94. After the specific gravity measurement is completed, the urine is discharged to the standpipe 92 through the catheter 95, and then through the catheter 96. Discharge into the urine collection device.
  • the transient urine volume of the patient is too large, when the liquid level of the urine in the U-shaped tube 91 exceeds the opening connected to the catheter 97, part of the urine flows into the vertical tube 92 via the catheter 97, and is then discharged into the set via the catheter 96.
  • the conduit 97 and the standpipe 92 form an overflow passage in parallel with the hydrometer 8.
  • the urine flows only through the conduit 94.
  • the hydrometer 8 is then discharged into the urine collection device via the catheter 95, the riser 92, and the catheter 96.
  • the water pump 7 operates so that the purified water in the storage tank enters the water pump 7 through the conduit 98, and then enters the U-shaped tube 91 through the conduit 99, and the water level in the U-shaped tube 91 is lower than that of the conduit 97.
  • the opening is connected, water flows into the hydrometer 8 via the conduit 94, and is discharged into the urine collection device via the conduit 95, the riser 92, and the conduit 96.
  • the urine collecting device 4 includes a first housing portion 41 made of a rigid material and a second housing portion 42 as a main housing portion made of a flexible material for fixing the fixing plate 32 of the urine collecting device 4. It is fixed on the vertical wall 31 of the weighing box 3, and two brackets 321 are arranged below the fixing plate 32, and the bracket 321 cooperates with the lower outer contour of the first receiving portion 41 to detachably fix the urine collecting device 4 And placed on the bracket 321 .
  • the upper portion of the urine collecting device 4 has a catheter insertion hole 43 into which the lower end of the catheter 96 (not shown) is inserted, and the first housing portion 41 is provided with an opening and closing valve 44 to facilitate the extraction of the urine sample.
  • the first receiving portion 41 has an inverted U-shaped tube, one end of the inverted U-shaped tube communicates with the second receiving portion 42, the other end faces the bottom of the first receiving portion 41, and the inverted U-shaped tube is used for the urine of the first receiving portion 41 When the liquid reaches a predetermined amount, the liquid level reaches the highest point of the inverted U-shaped tube, so that the inverted U-shaped tube is turned on, and then the urine in the first accommodating portion 41 is completely introduced into the second accommodating portion 42 by siphoning.
  • the lower end of the second housing portion 42 is also provided with an opening and closing valve 45 for discharging the urine in the second housing portion 41 and the water for timing the specific gravity.
  • the main control module, power supply, transformer, wires, conduits, etc. are also arranged in the housing to ensure smooth monitoring of the entire measurement system.
  • a temperature sensor is also provided at the catheter jack.
  • the signal structure block diagram of the dynamic urine monitor is shown in Figure 9.
  • the main control module is a centralized MCU control system, such as MCU, which is used to manage load cells, specific gravity sensors, temperature sensors, control buttons, water pumps and wireless transmission modules.
  • the input/output module of the present invention can also adopt RS232, RS422, USB, and the like.
  • the load cell and the temperature sensor can respectively use commercially available sensors capable of continuously measuring weight and temperature.
  • the hydrometer includes a specific gravity sensor and a specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module, which uses MEMS to measure the refractive index of the liquid to obtain the specific gravity of the liquid.
  • MEMS is a micro-electro-mechanical system (Micro-Electro-Mechanical The abbreviation for Systems, which refers to micro-devices or systems that can be mass-produced, integrating micro-mechanisms, micro-sensors, micro-actuators, and signal processing and control circuits, up to the interface, communication, and power supply.
  • MEMS has been developed with the development of semiconductor integrated circuit micro-machining technology and ultra-precision machining technology.
  • MEMS processing technology has been widely used in microfluidic chips and synthetic biology.
  • the micro-mechanism, micro-sensor and electronic part of the MEMS are integrated to complete the measurement task, and the measured data is processed by the AD and the single-chip microcomputer in the MEMS, and the specific gravity data represented by the digital signal is outputted.
  • the specific gravity data is sent out through RS232.
  • the benefits of using MEMS for measurement are high accuracy, small size, fast response, and continuous online measurement.
  • the dynamic urine monitor has the following working modes: debug monitoring mode; normal working mode; data recording mode .
  • the debug monitor mode is used when testing or commissioning the measurement system.
  • the normal working mode is the default working mode of the dynamic urine monitor. In the normal working mode, each module of the measurement system performs a normal function call to realize real-time measurement of the patient's urine.
  • Data Logging Mode The dynamic urine monitor enters the data logging mode when only the dynamic urine monitor is operating but the peripheral is not connected or the communication link is broken. In the data recording mode, the main control module of the dynamic urine monitor will close the communication program with the peripheral, open the data recording program, and store the data in the storage unit of the main control module. The switching of each working mode of the measuring system is completed by the main control module.
  • the default operating mode of the measurement system is the normal operating mode.
  • the dynamic urine monitor 100 can operate independently, such as temporarily moving a dynamic urine monitor to a certain ward for measurement, but not independently accessing the local area network.
  • the monitoring data of the dynamic urine monitor cannot be processed and displayed without the cooperation of peripherals.
  • the dynamic urine monitor can independently store 2 hours of measurement data, and after 2 hours, the measurement data 2 hours ago will be discarded.
  • the dynamic urine monitor comprises dynamic urine monitors and processing devices separated from each other, and the data transmission between the dynamic urine monitor and the processing device is wirelessly transmitted, so that the processing device can be placed in the ward A convenient place to observe.
  • the processing device can also be disposed on the dynamic urine monitor, and the data transmission between the dynamic urine monitor and the processing device can also be transmitted by wire.
  • the dynamic urine monitor in this embodiment is in the form of the above-described dynamic urine monitor embodiment, and the processing device is connected to a dynamic urine monitor. It can be understood that the processing device can receive several dynamic urine monitors. The data is calculated and displayed separately.
  • the processing device has a processing system, and the processing system includes an information receiving module, a data processing module, a display screen and a remote management module.
  • the processing system can work independently or independently. Without the coordination of a dynamic urine monitor, the processing system does not have monitoring data. If a full real-time monitoring function is required, both the dynamic urine monitor and the processing device are required to be turned on, and the communication channel between the dynamic urine monitor and the processing device is ensured.
  • a patient file information recording portion may also be provided in the processing device.
  • the processing device needs to be connected to the local area network through wired or WiFi, and the remote management software is to be run on the remote management host, and the processing device can be discovered by the remote management host.
  • the information processing flow in this embodiment is as shown in FIG.
  • the urine flows through the specific gravity sensor and flows into the urine collecting device.
  • the specific gravity sensor continuously sends out information and transmits it to the wireless transmitting module, and the weighing sensor is called out in the urine collecting device.
  • the signal of the urine weight is continuously transmitted and converted into a data signal by the weighing information conversion module, and is transmitted to the wireless transmitting module, and the wireless transmitting module also receives the information sent by the temperature sensor, and then transmits the information to the processing device through wireless transmission.
  • the information receiving module in the processing system of the processing device receives the data of urine weight, urine specific gravity and urine temperature, and transmits the data to the data processing module and the display screen, and the urine temperature information and the urine specific gravity information are directly displayed on the data.
  • the information of urine flow rate, urine flow rate, urine osmotic pressure, and urine concentration is calculated by the sub-modules in the data processing module based on the urine weight data and the urine specific gravity data, and then the operation result of the data processing module. Displayed on the display.
  • the urine flow information is calculated based on the urine weight data and the urine specific gravity data, and the urine flow rate can be obtained by dividing the urine weight by the urine specific gravity.
  • the collection period of the load cell, specific gravity sensor and temperature sensor data is set to collect data every 10ms, and the collection cycle of each sensor can be adjusted according to the actual situation. According to the real-time measurement of the load cell, the specific gravity sensor, and the continuous calculation of the urine flow calculation sub-module, the dynamic urine flow information is continuously displayed in the display screen.
  • Urine flow rate information is obtained by differentiating urine flow data.
  • the operation result of the urine flow calculation sub-module is transmitted to the urine flow rate operation sub-module, and then the urine flow rate operation sub-module transmits the operation result to the display screen, and according to the continuous calculation of the urine flow operation sub-module and the urine flow rate operation sub-module, Information on dynamic urine flow rate is continuously displayed in the display.
  • Urinary osmotic pressure information and urine concentration information are calculated based on urine specific gravity data.
  • the calculation method is derived from the "Urodynamics Examination Operation Guide (Chinese Medical Association Urological Surgery Branch 2010 Edition)", "ICU problem analysis”, according to the calculation method described therein, and calculate the specific gravity data through the urine osmotic pressure operation sub-module and the urine concentration operation sub-module respectively, and then the operation result is displayed on the display screen, which becomes visible.
  • Urinary osmotic pressure information and urine concentration information are calculated based on urine specific gravity data.
  • the fixture 15 of the dynamic urine monitor 100 is first secured to the beam below the bed.
  • the front door 11 of the dynamic urine monitor 100 is then opened, a new urine collecting device 4 is installed, and the lower end of the catheter 96 is inserted into the catheter insertion hole 43 of the urine collecting device 4.
  • the power is turned on or the power switch is turned on, so that the dynamic urine monitor 100 and the processing device are in an active state, and the load cell is reset by the control button 113, even if the total weight setting of the urine collecting device 4 and the weighing box 3 is set at this time.
  • the load cell is reset by the control button 113
  • the urine discharged by the patient flows into the urine collecting device 4 through the catheter 93, the U-shaped tube 91, the catheter 94, the hydrometer 8, and the catheter 96, and the temperature and specific gravity of the urine while the urine flows through the temperature sensor and the hydrometer 8.
  • the information is measured and the load cell measures the urine weight information, which is transmitted to the processing device via the wireless transmitter module after analog to digital conversion.
  • the information receiving module in the processing device transmits the data to the data processing module, and then the display screen displays the urine specific gravity information, the temperature information, the calculated urine flow information, the urine flow rate information, the urine osmotic pressure information, and the urine concentration. information.
  • the front door 11 can be opened at any time to expose the opening and closing valve 44 to extract a urine sample from the urine collecting device 4.
  • the first receiving portion 41 of the urine collecting device 4 can be provided with an accurate scale. Therefore, the amount of the urine sample taken can be accurately read from the urine collecting device 4, and the amount of the urine sample can be calculated from the urine amount information displayed on the display screen of the processing device.
  • the fixing device may be disposed at a middle position of the rear case, and only one support bar is disposed; the storage unit of the main control module may be stored. More than 2 hours of data; the acquisition period of the sensor data can also be set to other cycles different from 10ms; the data processing module includes one or two of the urine osmotic pressure operation sub-module, the urine flow rate operation sub-module, and the urine concentration operation sub-module.
  • the dynamic urine monitor can also be provided with a sensor for monitoring the ambient temperature and the like.
  • the dynamic urine monitor program when the urine is introduced into the dynamic urine monitor from the pipeline and flows through the specific gravity sensor, dynamic information of the specific gravity of the urine is obtained, and when flowing into the urine collecting device, the urine weight is obtained.
  • Dynamic information the information is converted into a digital signal by the weighing information analog-to-digital conversion module and the specific gravity information analog-to-digital conversion module, and output to the processing device via the output input module, and the information receiving module of the processing device receives the data, and Passing the data to the data processing module, the urine flow calculation sub-module of the data processing module calculates the urine flow information according to the urine weight data and the urine specific gravity data, and displays the information on the display screen, and the display screen also displays the uncalculated
  • the urine specific gravity information enables the caregiver and doctor to visually observe the patient's urine flow and urine specific gravity information, and find abnormal conditions in time to take further treatment plans.

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Abstract

一种动态尿液监测器（100），包括壳体（11，12，13），壳体（11，12，13）内设置有贮存尿液的集尿装置（4）、用于引入尿液并流入集尿装置（4）内的管路和动态测量尿液的测量系统。测量系统包括称重测量子系统（3）、比重测量子系统（8）和输出输入模块。称重测量子系统（3）包括称重传感器和称重信息模数转换模块，称重传感器动态测量集尿装置内的尿液重量；比重测量子系统（8）包括比重传感器和比重信息模数转换模块，比重传感器动态测量尿液的比重且串联在集尿装置（4）上游的管路上；输出输入模块，用于将称重信息转换模块及比重信息模数转换模块的信息与外界进行数据交换。

Description

动态尿液监测器及动态尿液监测仪
本发明涉及医用器械领域，尤其是一种用来动态测量尿液的监测器及监测仪。本发明基于申请日为2012年09月07日、申请号为201210331329.7的中国发明专利申请，该申请的内容作为与本发明密切相关的参考文献引入本文。
尿流量是反映人体体液动态平衡及心肾功能的重要指标，准确的尿流量监测有助于判断病情的变化，指导制订治疗方案。尿流量监测是检测患者多种指标中的一项重要内容，对于重症患者来说，尿流量常常能够在血肌酐升高之前预示肾功能的紊乱。但是，长久以来对于尿流量这个能够及时反映人体有效循环血量及肾脏功能的重要参数，临床上监测的准确性及时性都远远不够，更谈不上安全自动监测。目前，国内在临床上对于重症患者的尿液监测一直是手工间断性静态监测，不仅增加了护士的工作负担，导致医护精力的浪费，而且增加了尿液接触污染的危险。还可能出现无法按时测量、记录错误等现象，可能给临床判断造成延误或严重过失。
另外，尿比重可反映肾脏浓缩功能，尿比重过高可见于脱水、蛋白尿、糖尿、急性肾炎、高热等，尿比重过低则见于肾浓缩功能受损，如慢性肾小球肾炎、急性肾炎多尿期、尿毒症多尿期等。而尿比重信息的监测也一直是通过手工间断性取样，然后利用仪器进行检测，而且由于取样与检测在时间上的分离，往往会出现取样后未能及时检测而使尿样发生沉淀，进而致使检测结果出现偏差的现象。
上述间断性的静态监测已经无法满足现代临床医学数字化、信息化的需求，因此，需要一种能实时对尿流量和尿比重进行测量的动态尿液监测器及动态尿液监测仪。
本发明的主要目的是提供一种动态测量尿流量和尿比重的动态尿液监测器；
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可对管路及测量系统进行冲洗的动态尿液监测器；
本发明的还一目的是提供一种可方便地固定在病床上的动态尿液监测器；
本发明的又一目的是提供一种可方便移动的动态尿液监测器；
本发明的再一目的是提供一种能即时采集新鲜尿样的动态尿液监测器；
本发明的另一主要目的是提供一种由上述动态尿液监测器构建的动态尿液监测仪。
为实现上述主要目的，本发明提供的动态尿液监测器包括壳体，壳体内设置有用于收集尿液的集尿装置、用于引入尿液并流入集尿装置内的管路和动态测量尿液的测量系统。测量系统包括称重测量子系统、比重测量子系统和输出输入模块。称重测量子系统包括称重传感器和称重信息模数转换模块，称重传感器与集尿装置连接，用于动态测量集尿装置内的尿液重量；比重测量子系统包括比重传感器和比重信息模数转换模块，比重传感器用于动态测量尿液的比重且串联在集尿装置上游的管路上。输出输入模块，用于将所述称重信息转换模块及所述比重信息模数转换模块的信息与外界进行数据交换。
较具体的方案为所述测量系统还包括主控模块，主控模块设有用于存贮称重信息模数转换模块和比重信息模数转换模块的信息的存贮单元。
由以上方案可见，当动态尿液监测器未与外设连接时，通过存贮单元可贮存称重信息模数转换模块和比重信息模数转换模块的信息，在动态尿液监测器与外设连接后，主控模块使存贮单元内的信息优先被外设读取，然后再读取称重信息模数转换模块和比重信息模数转换模块的信息。当动态尿液监测器未与外设连接时，则可从存贮单元中取出上述信息。
另一较具体的方案为管路还包括并联在比重传感器两端的溢流通路。在病人短时尿量过大时，部分尿液从溢流通路直接流入集尿装置内而无需流经比重传感器，而病人尿量恢复正常后，尿液还是流经比重传感器后再流入集尿装置内。
优选地，壳体内设置有冲洗装置，冲洗装置包括水泵，所述水泵连接有进水管道和出水管道，所述出水管道与所述比重传感器连接。在监测完毕后，通过水泵取水对比重传感器进行冲洗，冲冼后的水流入集尿装置内，然后将集尿装置取出更换，以进行下一次的监测。从而实现本发明的另一目的，并防止管路及比重传感器内微生物的滋生。
较具体的方案为设置在壳体内、与进水管道连接的贮水容器。贮水容器的设置使用水泵取水时无需从动态尿液监测器外部抽取，方便操作。其中，贮水容器优选地可贮存一次或以上冲洗用水。
更具体的方案为贮水容器内设置有水位探测器，所述水位探测器与报警装置相连接。当贮水容器内的水位较低时发出警报，提示向贮水容器内加水，防止水泵空转现象的发生。
优选地，动态尿液监测器设置有固定装置，固定装置包括用于挂在病床横梁上的固定夹；壳体上设置有引导固定装置沿竖直方向自由滑动的引导机构。通过固定夹使动态尿液监测器与病床下方的横梁固定，并通过引导机构调节固定夹竖直方向的位置，方便动态尿液监测器与病床的连接与拆卸，并可适应不同横梁高度的病床。从而实现本发明的还一目的 。
较具体的方案为固定装置包括被限定在引导机构中滑动的滑板、一端固定在滑板上且水平设置的支撑杆、可沿支撑杆水平滑动的固定夹及用于使固定夹相对支撑杆固定的第一固定旋钮。通过滑板在引导机构中滑动而调节固定装置的竖直高度，沿支撑杆水平滑动可调节固定夹的水平位置，使动态尿液监测器与病床的的连接与拆卸更为方便灵活。
更具体的方案为壳体两侧都设置有引导机构，滑板的两端部分别被限定在两侧的引导机构中，支撑杆、固定夹及第一固定旋钮设置为对称的两个。采用两个支撑杆、固定夹及第一固定旋钮使动态尿液监测器与横梁固定时更稳固，滑板使两个支撑杆保持在同一水平位置。
进一步更具体的方案为固定夹上设有第二固定旋钮。通过第二固定旋钮使固定夹进一步使动态尿液监测器与横梁固定。
优选地，壳体底部设置有滚动轮。方便动态尿液监测仪的移动，从而实现本发明的又一目的。同时在动态尿液监测器与床的横梁固定后，移动病床时，动态尿液监测器可随病床一起移动，动态尿液监测器的工作可连续工作而无需断开后再进行连接，可减小护理人员的工作强度。
优选地，集尿装置包括位于上游的第一容纳部和位于下游的第二容纳部，第一容纳部通过其内的倒U型管与第二容纳部连接，第一容纳部设置有排出其内所容纳尿液的启闭阀。倒U型管使第一容纳部的尿液达到指定量后一次性导入第二容纳部内，从而第一容纳部内不残留陈旧尿液，通过启闭阀实现即时取样，并保证取样的尿液为新鲜尿液，以实现本发明的再一目的。
较具体的方案为壳体在正对启闭阀的位置设置有可打开的前盖门。前盖门的设置使尿样的提取更为方便。
优选地，所述测量系统还包括温度测量子系统，所述温度测量子系统包括设置在管路入口处的温度传感器。通过监测尿液温度即可动态监测病人的体温，在动态尿液监测器与外设连接时，可显示病人的尿液温度信息，及时发现病人体温异常变化，而无需另外使用体温计测量，减小护理人员的工作负担。
为实现本发明的另一主要目的，本发明提供的动态尿液监测仪包括处理装置和至少一个动态尿液监测器。其中动态尿液监测器包括壳体，壳体内设置有用于收集尿液的集尿装置、用于引入尿液并流入集尿装置内的管路和动态测量尿液的测量系统。测量系统包括称重测量子系统、比重测量子系统和输出输入模块。称重测量子系统包括称重传感器和称重信息模数转换模块，称重传感器动态测量集尿装置内的尿液重量；比重测量子系统包括比重传感器和比重信息模数转换模块，比重传感器动态测量尿液的比重且设置在集尿装置的上游。输出输入模块，用于将所述称重信息模数转换模块及所述比重信息模数转换模块的信息与处理装置进行数据交换。处理装置包括信息接收模块、数据处理模块和显示屏。信息接收模块接收输出输入模块发出的信息；数据处理模块根据所述信息接收模块接收的信息进行运算，包括尿流量运算子模块；显示屏显示信息接收模块接收的尿比重信息及所述数据处理模块的运算结果。
较具体的方案为输出输入模块为无线发射模块，信息接收模块为无线接收模块。
由以上方案可见，输出输入模块和信息接收模块之间可进行数据的无线传输，从而使处理装置与动态尿液监测器能够分开放置，方便对测量结果的观察。可替代地，动态尿液监测器与处理装置也可通过有线传输，此时处理装置可设置在动态尿液监测器上，且显示屏设置在方便观察的位置。
其中，数据处理模块还可包括尿渗透压运算子模块。通过尿渗透压运算子模块将比重传感器发出的尿比重信息换算为尿渗透压信息，使尿渗透压的信息直接显示在显示屏中，而无需进行复杂的额外计算。尿渗透压也是临床医学的重要检测指标，其异常反映出病人身状况的变化，对其实现检测具有非常重要的意义。
其中，数据处理模块还可包括尿流率运算子模块，动态尿流率的信息通过所述显示屏进行显示。通过尿流率运算子模块根据尿液重量信息和尿比重信息换算为尿流率信息，使动态尿流率的信息直接显示在显示屏中，而无需进行额外计算。
其中，数据处理模块还可包括尿浓缩运算子模块，尿浓缩的信息通过显示屏进行显示。通过尿浓缩数据处理模块将比重传感器发出的尿比重信息换算为尿浓缩信息，使尿浓缩的信息直接显示在显示屏中，而无需进行额外计算。尿浓缩也是临床医学的重要检测指标，其异常反映出病人身体状况的变化，对其实现监测具有非常重要的意义。
其中，处理系统还可包括远程管理模块。通过远程管理模块，病人的信息可远程监测，可在监控室对多位病人的信息进行同时监控。
优选地，数据处理系统还可包括贮存信息接收模块接收的信息及数据处理模块的历史运算结果的贮存模块。可调入历史信息以与即时信息进行比较，进一步帮助对病人身体状况的判断。
由本发明提供的动态尿液监测器方案可见，尿液由管路引入动态尿液监测器，并流经比重传感器时，将获得尿比重的动态信息，流入集尿装置时，将获得尿液重量的动态信息，从而实现尿液重量和尿比重的动态测量。另外，壳体的设置可使测量系统和集尿装置的工作不受外界环境的干忧。
图1是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例的立体图；
图2是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例另一视角的立体图；
图3是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例的底部视图；
图4是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例的结构分解图；
图5是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例的腔室内管道结构示意图；
图6是尿液在本发明动态尿液监测器实施例腔室内管道中的流动示意图；
图7是对本发明动态尿液监测器实施例腔室内管道进行冲洗的水流向示意图；
图8是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例的集尿装置及称重盒的分解图；
图9是本发明动态尿液监测器实施例信号结构框图；
图10 是本发明动态尿液监测仪实施例的信息加工流程图。
下面结合实施例及其附图对本发明作详细说明。
动态尿液监测器实施例
动态尿液监测器的外部结构如图1所示，动态尿液监测器100具有由前盖门11、后壳12和底壳13构成的壳体，测量系统设置在壳体内，作为管路入口的导尿管插孔14设置在壳体右侧上部的位置。其中前盖门11与后壳12在左侧边枢接，从而前盖门11可打开或关闭以露出或隐蔽壳体内的测量系统，且前盖门11右侧设置有用作拉手的凹坑111，用于打开或关闭前盖门11。前盖门11的上方位置设置有控制面板112， 控制面板112上设置有控制按钮113。后壳12的顶部设置有可伸缩的提手121，在使用时，把提手121拉出，用于迁移动态尿液监测器100，在动态尿液监测器100就位后，可使提手121缩回，以节约空间。后壳12上还设置使动态尿液监测器与病床的横梁相固定的固定装置15。
如图1和图2所示，固定装置15包括两个设置在后壳12左右两侧的支撑杆151，两支撑杆151的端部与滑板152连接在一起，且滑板152两端部都设置有向壳体内突出的突起部153，突起部153被限定在后壳12两侧作为引导机构的凹槽122内，从而使固定装置15可相对壳体在竖直方向上滑动，以调节固定装置15的高度。支撑杆151上设置有可在支撑杆151上水平滑动的固定夹154，当需要使固定夹154与支撑杆151相互固定时，可旋动作为第一固定旋钮的固定旋钮155。固定夹154上还设置有作为第二固定旋钮的固定旋钮156，用于使固定夹154与病床下方的横梁相固定。可以理解的是，壳体上设置的引导机构也可为沿竖直方向设置的凸肋，滑板152上设置端部被限定在凸肋上滑动的凹槽，通过凹槽与凸肋的配合使固定机构15可沿竖直方向移动。
动态尿液监测器的底部结构如图3所示，底壳13上设置有4只万向轮131，通过这4只万向轮131可使动态尿液监测器100迁移，近底壳的两侧还设置有电源插孔及USB插孔等。
动态尿液监测器100的内部构造如图4所示，壳体内设置有支撑框架2，支撑框架2与后壳12及底壳13固定。支撑框架2上方设置有一腔室21，腔室21内安装有水泵和比重计，腔室21内部的结构将在下文予以详述。腔室21的下方设置有称重盒3，称重盒3的竖直壁31上安装有集尿装置4，连接病人导尿管的管路未示出，管路用于引入尿液并流入集尿装置内。集尿装置4通过固定机构32安装在竖直壁31上，集尿装置4的柔性的主容纳部42可弯折后部分装入称重盒3的内腔，称重盒3通过平台5放置在称重传感器上。可以理解的是，称重传感器也可采用弹簧称式的称重传感器，集尿装置或装有集尿装置的称重盒可吊挂在称重传感器的下方。
底壳13上方的左右两侧各设置有一个贮水箱6，两个贮水箱在底部通过管道相连，右侧的贮水箱上部设置有进水口61、出水口62和水位测量开口63，各开口之间的相对位置并不限于图4中所示，可设置在贮水箱上部任意方便的位置。支撑框架2上设置有可移动或旋转的灌水口64，用于向贮水箱补充纯净水。灌水时可移动或转动至灌水口64打开状态，灌水完毕后，则可反向转动或移动至关闭状态，并与支撑框架2平齐，图4中示出了打开状态。灌水口64与贮水箱6的进水口61，贮水箱的出水口62与水泵的进水口之间通过导管连接，两个测量电极从水位测量开口63伸入至贮水箱6内，用于感知贮水箱6的水位，当贮水箱6的水位到达或低于临界值时，与测量电极相连接的警报器会发出警报，提醒向贮水箱6内加入纯净水。
如图5所示，腔室内具有水泵7、比重计8、U型管91和竖管92，导管93、94、95、96、97、98、99为管路的一部分并分别与水泵7、比重计8、U型管91和竖管92中的一个或两个连接。比重计8内集成有比重传感器和比重信息转换模块。
如图6所示，病人排出的尿液经导管93进入U型管91内，然后经导管94流入比重计8，完成比重测定后，尿液经导管95排出至竖管92，然后经导管96排入集尿装置内。当病人的瞬时尿量过大时，U型管91内的尿液的液面超过与导管97连接的开口时，部分尿液会经由导管97流入竖管92内，然后经由导管96排入集尿装置内。从而导管97和竖管92形成了与比重计8并联的溢流通路，在U型管内尿液的液面达不到U型管91与导管97连接的开口时，尿液只经由导管94流入比重计8，再经由导管95、竖管92及导管96排入集尿装置内。
在一次监测完成后，一般需对比重计8内部进行冲洗。如图7所示，冲洗时，水泵7工作，使贮水箱内的纯净水经导管98进入水泵7，然后经导管99进入U型管91内，在U型管91内水位低于与导管97连接的开口时，水只经导管94流入比重计8，再经由导管95、竖管92及导管96排入集尿装置内。
下面说明集尿装置的固定方式及其结构。如图8所示，集尿装置4包括由刚性材料制成的第一容纳部41和柔性材料制成的作为主容纳部的第二容纳部42，用来固定集尿装置4的固定板32固定在称重盒3的竖直壁31上，固定板32下方设置有两个托架321，托架321与第一容纳部41的下方外轮廓配合，以使集尿装置4可拆卸地固定并放置在托架321上。集尿装置4上部具有导管插孔43，导管96（未示出）的下端插入导管插孔43内，第一容纳部41上设置有启闭阀44，以方便提取尿样。第一容纳部41内具有倒U型管，倒U型管的一端与第二容纳部42连通，另一端面向第一容纳部41的底部，倒U型管用于当第一容纳部41的尿液达到预定量时，液位达到倒U型管的最高点，从而使倒U型管导通，然后利用虹吸作用一次性把第一容纳部41内的尿液完全导入第二容纳部42内，从而第一容纳部41内不会集存陈旧的尿液，打开启闭阀44进行尿样的提取时，每次提取的尿样都是新鲜的尿液，能准确反映病人即时的身体状况。第二容纳部42的下端也设置有启闭阀45以排放第二容纳部41内的尿液及冲冼比重计时的用水。
壳体内还设置有主控模块、电源、变压器、导线、导管等等，以保证整个测量系统能顺利进行动态监测。另外，导尿管插孔处还设置有温度传感器。
动态尿液监测器的信号结构框图如图9所示。主控模块是一个集中式的单片机控制系统，如MCU，用于管理称重传感器、比重传感器、温度传感器、控制按钮、水泵及无线传输模块等。除无线传输模块外，本发明的输入输出模块还可采用RS232、RS422、USB等。
其中，称重传感器、温度传感器可分别采用市售的能连续测量重量、温度的传感器。比重计内包括比重传感器和比重信息模数转换模块，是利用MEMS对液体的折射率进行测量，来得出液体比重的。MEMS是微机电系统（Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems）的英文缩写，它是指可批量制作的，集微型机构、微型传感器、微型执行器以及信号处理和控制电路、直至接口、通信和电源等于一体的微型器件或系统。MEMS是随着半导体集成电路微细加工技术和超精密机械加工技术的发展而发展起来的，目前MEMS加工技术已被广泛应用于微流控芯片与合成生物学等领域。MEMS的微型机构、微型传感器和电子部分集成到一起完成测量任务，测量得到的数据经过MEMS内的AD和单片机处理后，向外输出数字信号表示的比重数据。该比重数据通过RS232向外发送。利用MEMS进行测量的好处是精度高、尺寸小、响应快、且能进行连续在线测量。
动态尿液监测器有如下工作模式：调试监控模式 ；正常工作模式；数据记录模式 。调试监控模式在测试或调试测量系统时使用。正常工作模式是动态尿液监测器默认的工作模式。正常工作模式下，测量系统各模块进行正常的功能调用，实现对病人尿液的实时测量。数据记录模式当只有动态尿液监测器工作而未接外设时或通信链路中断时，动态尿液监测器进入数据记录模式。数据记录模式下，动态尿液监测器的主控模块将关闭与外设的通信程序，打开数据记录程序，并把数据存贮在主控模块的存贮单元内。测量系统各工作模式切换由主控模块负责完成。测量系统默认的工作模式是正常工作模式。
动态尿液监测器100可以独立的进行工作，比如将动态尿液监测器临时移到某个病室进行测量，但是不能独立的接入局域网。没有外设的配合，动态尿液监测器的监测数据不能得到处理和显示。未与外设连接时，动态尿液监测器能够独立保存2小时的测量数据，超过2小时后，将抛弃2小时前的测量数据。
动态尿液监测仪实施例
在本实施例中，动态尿液监测仪包括相互分离的动态尿液监测器和处理装置，动态尿液监测器与处理装置之间的数据传输通过无线传输的方式，从而处理装置可放置在病房内方便观察的地方。可以理解的是，处理装置也可以设置在动态尿液监测器上，动态尿液监测器与处理装置之间的数据传输也可以通过有线传输的方式。
本实施例中的动态尿液监测器为上述动态尿液监测器实施例中的形式，处理装置与一个动态尿液监测器连接，可以理解的是，处理装置可接收数个动态尿液监测器的数据，并分别进行运算及显示。
处理装置内设处理系统，处理系统包括信息接收模块、数据处理模块、显示屏和远程管理模块。处理系统可以独立的进行工作，也可以独立接入局域网。没有动态尿液监测器的配合，处理系统得不到监测数据。如果需要完整的实时监护功能，则需要动态尿液监测器和处理装置均处于开机状态，并且保证动态尿液监测器和处理装置之间的通信通道畅通。处理装置内还可设有病人档案信息记录部分。
如果需要远程管理功能，则需要将处理装置通过有线或WiFi方式接入局域网，并且要在远程管理主机上运行远程管理软件，处理装置能被远程管理主机发现。
本实施例中信息加工流程如图10所示。
随着病人尿液的排出及流入动态尿液监测器，尿液流经比重传感器并流入集尿装置，比重传感器不断发出信息，并传递至无线发射模块，称重传感器称出集尿装置内的尿液重量不断并发出的信号经称重信息转换模块把模拟信号转换为数据信号，并传递至无线发射模块，同时无线发射模块也接收温度传感器发出的信息，然后通过无线传输传递至处理装置。处理装置的处理系统内的信息接收模块接收到尿液重量、尿液比重和尿液温度的数据，并把这些数据传递至数据处理模块和显示屏，尿液温度信息和尿比重信息直接显示在显示屏内，而尿流量、尿流率、尿渗透压、尿浓缩的信息为数据处理模块中各子模块根据尿液重量数据及尿液比重数据进行计算得到的，然后数据处理模块的运算结果经显示屏显示。
尿流量信息是根据尿液重量数据和尿液比重数据进行计算的，用尿液重量除以尿液比重即可得至尿流量的数据。称重传感器、比重传感器和温度传感器数据的采集周期都设置为每10ms采集一次数据，各传感器的采集周期都可根据实际情况进行调整。根据称重传感器、比重传感器的实时测量，及尿流量运算子模块的不断运算，动态尿流量的信息不断显示在显示屏内。
尿流率信息是通过对尿流量数据微分得到的。尿流量运算子模块的运算结果传递至尿流率运算子模块，然后尿流率运算子模块把其运算结果传递至显示屏，根据尿流量运算子模块和尿流率运算子模块的不断运算，动态尿流率的信息不断显示在显示屏内。
尿渗透压信息和尿浓缩信息是根据尿比重数据进行运算得到的。运算方法源于《尿动力学检查操作指南(中华医学会泌尿外科学分会2010 版)》、 《ICU疑难问题解析》，根据其中记载的运算方法进行编程，并分别通过尿渗透压运算子模块和尿浓缩运算子模块对比重数据进行运算，然后运算结果显示在显示屏上，即成为可见的尿渗透压信息和尿浓缩信息。
在动态尿液监测器100使用时，先将动态尿液监测器100的固定装置15与病床下方的横梁相固定。然后将动态尿液监测器100的前盖门11打开，安装上新的集尿装置4，并使导管96的下端插入集尿装置4的导管插孔43内。然后接通电源或打开电源开关，使动态尿液监测器100及处理装置都处于工作状态，通过控制按钮113使称重传感器复位，即使此时集尿装置4及称重盒3的总重量设置为零，然后将病人的导尿管插入导尿管插孔14内，动态尿液监测器100即可开始工作。病人排出的尿液经导管93、U型管91、导管94、比重计8、导管96流入集尿装置4内，在尿液流经温度传感器及比重计8的同时，尿液的温度和比重信息被测量，同时称重传感器测量出尿液重量信息，这些信息经过模数转换后通过无线发射模块传递至处理装置。处理装置内的信息接收模块接收数据后，传递至数据处理模块，然后显示屏显示出尿比重信息、温度信息及经运算得出的尿流量信息、尿流率信息、尿渗透压信息和尿浓缩信息。
动态尿液监测器100工作期间，可随时打开前盖门11，露出启闭阀44，以从集尿装置4内提取尿样，集尿装置4的第一容纳部41可设置有精确的刻度，从而从集尿装置4可精确读出所取尿样的量，也可从处理装置的显示屏显示出的尿量信息计算出所取尿样的量。
一次监测周期完成后，断开与病人导尿管的连接。通过控制按钮113进行对比重计的冲洗程序，冲冼水也排入集尿装置4内。在冲冼过程完成后，即可断开电源，并取出集尿装置4。
以上是本发明的较佳实施例，可以理解的是本发明包括但不限于此，如固定装置可设置在后壳的中部位置，且支撑杆只设置一个；主控模块的存贮单元可存超过2小时的数据；传感器数据的采集周期也可设置为不同于10ms的其他周期；数据处理模块包括尿渗透压运算子模块、尿流率运算子模块、尿浓缩运算子模块中的一个或两个；动态尿液监测器还可设置有监测环境温度的传感器等等。
由本发明提供的动态尿液监测仪方案可见，尿液由管路引入动态尿液监测器，并流经比重传感器时，将获得尿比重的动态信息，流入集尿装置时，将获得尿液重量的动态信息，上述信息经过称重信息模数转换模块和比重信息模数转换模块使模拟信号转换为数字信号，并经输出输入模块向处理装置输出，处理装置的信息接收模块接收数据后，并把数据传递至数据处理模块，数据处理模块的尿流量运算子模块根据尿液重量数据和尿液比重数据计算出尿流量信息，并显示在显示屏上，同时显示屏还显示出未经运算的尿比重信息，使护理人员及医生能直观地观察到病人尿流量和尿比重的信息，及时发现异常情况以采取进一步的治疗方案。

Claims (21)

  1. 动态尿液监测器，包括壳体，所述壳体内设置有
    集尿装置，用于收集尿液；
    管路，用于引入尿液并流入所述集尿装置内；
    测量系统，包括称重测量子系统，所述称重测量子系统包括称重传感器和称重信息模数转换模块，所述称重传感器与所述集尿装置连接；
    其特征在于：
    所述测量系统还包括比重测量子系统，所述比重测量子系统包括比重传感器和比重信息模数转换模块，所述比重传感器用于动态测量尿液的比重，且串联在所述集尿装置上游的所述管路上；
    输出输入模块，用于将所述称重信息模数转换模块及所述比重信息模数转换模块的信息与外界进行数据交换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述测量系统还包括主控模块，所述主控模块设置有用于存贮所述称重信息转换模数模块和所述比重信息模数转换模块的信息的存贮单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述管路还包括并联在所述比重传感器两端的溢流通路。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述壳体内设置有冲洗装置，所述冲洗装置包括水泵，所述水泵连接有进水管道和出水管道，所述出水管道与所述比重传感器连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    贮水容器，所述贮水容器设置在所述壳体内，并与所述进水管道连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述贮水容器内设置有水位探测器，所述水位探测器与报警装置相连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    固定装置，所述固定装置包括用于挂在病床横梁上的固定夹；
    所述壳体上设置有引导所述固定装置沿竖直方向自由滑动的引导机构。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述固定装置包括：
    滑板，所述滑板被限定在所述引导机构中滑动；
    支撑杆，所述支撑杆的一端固定在所述滑板上，且水平设置；
    所述固定夹可沿所述支撑杆水平滑动；
    第一固定旋钮，用于使所述固定夹相对所述支撑杆固定。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述壳体的两侧都设置有所述引导机构，所述滑板的两端部分别被限定在两侧的所述引导机构中，所述支撑杆、固定夹及第一固定旋钮设置为对称的两个。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述固定夹上设有第二固定旋钮。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述壳体底部设置有滚动轮。
  12. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述集尿装置包括位于上游的第一容纳部和位于下游的第二容纳部；
    所述第一容纳部通过其内的倒U型管与所述第二容纳部连接；
    所述第一容纳部设置有排出所述第一容纳部尿液的启闭阀。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述壳体在正对所述启闭阀的位置设置有可打开的前盖门。
  14. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动态尿液监测器，其特征在于：
    所述测量系统还包括温度测量子系统，所述温度测量子系统包括温度传感器，所述温度传感器设置在所述管路的入口。
  15. 动态尿液监测仪，包括
    处理装置，所述处理装置包括信息接收模块、数据处理模块和显示屏；
    至少一个动态尿液监测器，所述动态尿液监测器包括壳体，所述壳体内设置有集尿装置、管路和测量系统，所述集尿装置用于收集尿液，所述管路用于引入尿液并流入所述集尿装置内，所述测量系统包括称重测量子系统，所述称重测量子系统包括称重传感器和称重信息模数转换模块，所述称重传感器与所述集尿装置连接；
    其特征在于：
    所述测量系统还包括比重测量子系统，所述比重测量子系统包括比重传感器和比重信息模数转换模块，所述比重传感器用于动态测量尿液的比重，且串联在所述集尿装置上游的所述管路上；
    输出输入模块，用于将所述称重信息转换模块及所述比重信息转换模块的信息与所述信息接收模块进行数据交换；
    所述数据处理模块根据所述信息接收模块接收的信息并进行运算，且所述数据处理模块包括尿流量运算子模块；
    所述显示屏显示所述信息接收模块接收的尿比重信息及所述数据处理模块的运算结果。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的动态尿液监测仪，其特征在于：
    所述输出输入模块为无线发射模块，所述信息接收模块为无线接收模块。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的动态尿液监测仪，其特征在于：
    所述数据处理模块包括尿渗透压运算子模块。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的动态尿液监测仪，其特征在于：
    所述数据处理模块包括尿流率运算子模块。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的动态尿液监测仪，其特征在于：
    所述数据处理模块包括尿浓缩运算子模块。
  20. 根据权利要求15所述的动态尿液监测仪，其特征在于：
    所述处理装置包括远程管理模块。
  21. 根据权利要求15至20中任一项所述的动态尿液监测仪，其特征在于：
    所述处理装置还包括贮存模块，用于贮存所述信息接收模块接收的信息及所述数据处理模块的历史运算结果。
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