WO2014032226A1 - 人造常温雪 - Google Patents

人造常温雪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014032226A1
WO2014032226A1 PCT/CN2012/080640 CN2012080640W WO2014032226A1 WO 2014032226 A1 WO2014032226 A1 WO 2014032226A1 CN 2012080640 W CN2012080640 W CN 2012080640W WO 2014032226 A1 WO2014032226 A1 WO 2014032226A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
snow
solid particles
artificial
magnetic material
magnetic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/080640
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙寅贵
Original Assignee
Sun Yingui
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sun Yingui filed Critical Sun Yingui
Priority to SG11201501247XA priority Critical patent/SG11201501247XA/en
Priority to KR1020177001900A priority patent/KR101836202B1/ko
Priority to EP12883713.5A priority patent/EP2889353B1/en
Priority to BR112015004109A priority patent/BR112015004109A2/pt
Priority to PCT/CN2012/080640 priority patent/WO2014032226A1/zh
Priority to RU2015110988/05A priority patent/RU2605120C2/ru
Priority to UAA201502135A priority patent/UA110011C2/uk
Priority to CA2882504A priority patent/CA2882504C/en
Priority to NZ705168A priority patent/NZ705168B2/en
Priority to KR1020157006375A priority patent/KR20150043430A/ko
Priority to CN201280075432.8A priority patent/CN104640955B/zh
Priority to JP2015528826A priority patent/JP6177329B2/ja
Priority to US14/424,153 priority patent/US10414959B2/en
Priority to AU2012388637A priority patent/AU2012388637B2/en
Publication of WO2014032226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014032226A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/24—Materials not provided for elsewhere for simulating ice or snow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/02—Shaping of the surface of courts according to the necessities of the different games
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/006—Coating of the granules without description of the process or the device by which the granules are obtained
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/10—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds for artificial surfaces for outdoor or indoor practice of snow or ice sports
    • E01C13/12—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds for artificial surfaces for outdoor or indoor practice of snow or ice sports for snow sports, e.g. skiing or ski tow track
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/28—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder dispersed or suspended in a bonding agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C2202/00—Physical properties
    • C22C2202/02—Magnetic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to artificial snow, a method of manufacturing the same, and a snow track made therefrom, and more particularly to an artificial snow for skiing and a snowy road made thereof, which is not limited by season and temperature, and the artificial snow shop Installed on slopes of different slopes. Background technique
  • Skiing is a sport that is widely loved by people.
  • this sport requires natural snow to be formed under certain climatic conditions, such as low ambient temperatures. Therefore, the use of natural snow skiing is subject to ambient temperature and seasonal time. limits.
  • ambient temperature, seasonal time and snow volume due to the limitation of ambient temperature, seasonal time and snow volume, the operating time of the ski resort is limited, the cost and workload of manufacturing the ski slope are huge, so the income of the ski resort is greatly affected by this limitation. .
  • the snow In the ski resort, in order to minimize the influence of the ambient temperature and the seasonal time, and increase the amount of snow, the snow is usually used to make the water into snow, and the artificial snow obtained is used to form a snowy road.
  • This method consumes a lot of water and energy, is long in snowmaking, is quite costly, and is still severely limited by ambient temperature and seasonal time.
  • Another way is to use solid materials other than water to simulate the characteristics of the snow formed by natural snow.
  • Some technical solutions are to make artificial snow by mixing organic particles with a solid slip agent, and the solid slip agent is used for imparting certain adhesion and fluidity between the particles.
  • This solution is to set a brush made of a polymer material such as nylon to a position such as a slope, a snowboard.
  • sliding toothbrushes Some schemes make an arc like the head of each brush, commonly known as “sliding mushrooms.”
  • This type of method can also be collectively referred to as roller and snow.
  • the skiing feeling and effect provided by the prior art are quite different from those of sliding natural snow, and the manufacturing and use thereof are complicated, and the manufactured snow road cannot be used. A snowy road using natural snow.
  • ski resorts mainly use water to make snow to increase the amount of snow.
  • the above two types of alternatives are limited in scope, and there is no way to replace artificial snowmaking on a large scale. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and simulate natural The characteristics of snow, its simplicity of manufacture, its ease of use, and its ability to replace snowmaking with water on a large scale. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an artificial normal temperature snow which can well simulate the characteristics of natural snow, is simple to manufacture, is convenient to use, and greatly reduces the limitation of skiing by ambient temperature and season time, and significantly increases the efficiency of the ski resort.
  • the present invention provides an artificial room temperature snow for skiing which is composed of artificial room temperature snow and snow particles including magnetic solid particles.
  • the man-made ambient snow is suitable for skiing on the ski slopes, and the tiles are laid on slopes of different slopes.
  • the remanence of the particles can be arbitrarily selected at 1000-9000 Gauss. More specifically, it is selected within the range of 2000-9000 Gauss. More specifically, it is 2000-2300 Gauss.
  • the residual magnetization is preferably from 2,000 to 2,300 gauss.
  • the present invention also provides a snow track comprising the artificial room temperature snow of the present invention.
  • the snow track further comprises a strong magnetic layer composed of a plurality of permanent magnet blocks arranged in a uniform polarity on the basis of the snow track to form a strong magnetic layer under the artificial normal temperature snow.
  • the invention utilizes the magnetic properties of the magnetic material to simulate the characteristics of natural snow, and most importantly, the simulated snow can solve two problems: 1) agglomeration, that is, the snow particles can be agglomerated together like natural snow to form a certain shape. Stable distribution, thus adhering to the slope of different slopes; 2) Damping and dispersion, that is, the simulated snow agglomerated to form a certain shape can easily change shape under the action of external force like natural snow, and receive shape with damping And dispersed, even dispersed into smaller clusters or individual particles, this property is essential for skiing, and it provides skiers with the resistance needed to slow down, control direction, and even brake.
  • the sub-material layer or metal plating layer can modify the surface of the magnetic solid particles to make the surface of the particles have lubricity, reduce the friction between the particles and the snowboard, and can further simulate the natural snow particles and natural snow. The way of interaction with the skis.
  • the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing artificial room temperature snow, comprising the steps of:
  • the method further comprises attaching a surface of the magnetized solid particles to the layer of material capable of changing the surface properties between the screening step and the magnetizing step.
  • the material layer is a polymer material layer.
  • the method further comprises colouring the layer of material to which the solid particles are attached.
  • the present invention also provides another method of manufacturing artificial room temperature snow, comprising the following steps:
  • the method further comprises attaching a surface of the magnetized solid particles to the layer of material capable of changing the surface properties between the screening step and the magnetizing step.
  • the method further comprises colouring the layer of material to which the solid particles are attached.
  • the step of fabricating the solid particles comprising the magnetic material comprises mixing the finely divided or molten magnetic material with the molten solid particulate body material and granulating to obtain solid particles comprising the magnetic material.
  • the step of fabricating the solid particles containing the magnetic material as the body of the non-magnetic material further comprises: magnetizing magnetization while the body material is still in a molten state, and using the strong magnetic force of the magnetic field to make the magnetic material contained in the body Automatic sorting or consistent polarity orientation.
  • the present invention is a pioneering invention for simulating natural snow and has the following advantages.
  • the use of the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention is not limited by time and temperature It can be paved in summer, covered in natural snow in winter, and mixed with natural snow during the seasonal transition, thus extending the season of the ski season, even throughout the year. In particular, it is possible to change the current situation in which ski resorts with a small amount of natural snow require a lot of time and cost to artificially make snow. In addition, the artificial snow of the present invention can also simplify the operation of the piste, thereby reducing labor and time costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a single snow particle of an embodiment of the artificial ambient snow of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of solid particles included in a single snow particle of artificial artificial temperature snow of the present invention, which contains a magnetic material in a body of a non-magnetic material.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing the snow track of the first embodiment paved with artificial artificial temperature snow of the present invention, in which natural snow is covered on the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a snow track of a second embodiment made only of the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic partial sectional view showing a snow passage of a third embodiment laid out by the man-made normal temperature snow of the present invention, in which a permanent magnet block is laid under the man-made normal temperature of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a single snow particle 1 of artificial artificial temperature snow of the present invention.
  • artificial ambient snow is used for skiing and consists of a plurality of snow particles 1 comprising magnetic particles 2 with magnetic properties attached to the surface of the solid particles 2 to change surface properties.
  • Material 3, the material is white on the surface of the solid particles 2.
  • the material layer 3 to which the surface properties can be changed is, for example, a polymer material layer or a metal plating layer.
  • the particle size of the magnetic solid particle 2 can be selected according to actual needs, for example, when Solid particles of different particle sizes can be used in different parts of the slide.
  • the particle size of the solid particles 2 may be greater than 4 mm, may be between 0.1 and 4 mm, more preferably between 1 and 3 mm, more preferably 2 mm.
  • the above different particle size ranges and sizes make the obtained artificial room temperature snow have different characteristics, especially the particle size range of 1-3 mm is the most applicable and the performance is relatively better.
  • the solid particles 2 can be fabricated into any shape as needed, such as a sphere, an ellipsoid, a triangle, a square, an irregular polygon, or the like.
  • the artificial room temperature snow solid particles of the foregoing exemplary preferred embodiment have a surface covering layer for changing the surface properties
  • the present invention does not limit the material layer which must be attached to the surface of the solid particles to change the surface properties.
  • the solid particles 2 constituting the artificial normal temperature snow have magnetic properties, there is a significant attraction between the solid particles due to the action of the magnetic force, and thus, the solid particles can have both agglomerability and damping dispersibility. These two characteristics are the two most important characteristics of simulating natural snow.
  • the term "agglomerate" means that the snow particles 1 can be agglomerated together like natural snow to form a stable distribution of a certain shape, so that they can adhere to snow slopes of different slopes.
  • the damping dispersibility refers to a simulated snow that agglomerates together to form a shape that can easily change shape under the action of an external force like natural snow, accepts shaping and dispersion with damping, and even disperses into smaller clusters or individual particles. This feature is essential for skiing and provides skiers with the resistance needed to slow down, control direction, and even brake.
  • the above-mentioned magnetic solid particles 2 may be particles of a magnetic material as shown in FIG. 1 (the solid particles 2 are completely composed of a magnetic material in FIG. 1), but may also be a non-magnetic material and contain a magnetic material. Particles. Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of the solid particles 2 which is a particle containing the magnetic material 5 on the basis of the non-magnetic material 4.
  • the non-magnetic body 4 of the solid particles may be arbitrarily selected from a metal, an organic material, or an inorganic non-metal material, and the magnetic material 5 may be dispersed.
  • the present invention does not limit the layer of material that must be attached to the surface of the solid particles to change the surface properties.
  • the bulk of the solid particles is an organic polymer material
  • the organic polymer material is attached to the surface of the solid particles.
  • attached metal plating is also optional.
  • the present invention can be selected according to a specific technical embodiment to attach a layer of material that changes surface properties to the surface of the solid particles.
  • the magnetic material of the solid particles 2 in Figs. 1 and 2 may be ferrite; a ferromagnetic material such as iron, cobalt or nickel; or a rare earth permanent magnet material. Due to the large amount of magnetic material required by the present invention, it is preferred Use less expensive materials, such as ferrite magnetic materials or NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet materials.
  • the remanence of the solid particles 2 can be selected according to actual needs to meet the requirements for the agglomeration and damping dispersibility of the snow particles 1 for manufacturing the snow track. For example, the remanence of the solid particles 2 can be 1000-9000 Gauss (Gs).
  • the range of choices can be selected within the range of 2000-9000 Gauss (Gs), for example, 3000 Gauss, 4000 Gauss.
  • Gs 2000-9000 Gauss
  • the remanence is preferably 2000-2300 Gauss, which can better express the agglomeration and damping dispersibility of the snow particles 1.
  • the magnetic material of the snow particles may also be a mixture of different magnetic materials, such as a mixture of ferrite and rare earth permanent magnet materials.
  • the plurality of magnetic materials 5 contained in the body 4 of the non-magnetic material may be particles of the same magnetic material, or may be a mixture of particles of different kinds of magnetic materials, such as iron.
  • a mixture of oxygen and NdFeB based rare earth permanent magnet materials The remanence of the rare earth permanent magnet material can reach a greater degree than the remanence of the ferrite.
  • mixing the ferrite and the rare earth permanent magnet material can increase the remanence of the solid particles, and can also enhance the solid particles 2 between The attraction is such that artificial snow at room temperature shows greater damping when dispersed.
  • the solid particles 2 shown in Fig. 2 can also be fabricated to make the magnetic materials 5 have the same orientation.
  • the material layer 3 attached to the surface of the solid particles capable of changing the surface properties may be a polymer material layer or a metal plating layer.
  • the polymer material is a plastic, a coating or a polymer matrix composite. More specifically, the polymer material is, for example, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane.
  • the polymer material layer can also be a baking varnish.
  • the artificial room temperature snow of the present invention can be manufactured in other colors.
  • the application of the polymeric material layer is also facilitated to be solidly colored as desired so that the particulate matter can have different colors, such as red, blue, green, and the like.
  • the simulated snow has better applicability, increases the visual feeling of the skier, and enhances entertainment.
  • the artificial room temperature snow of the present invention is very convenient to store and use, and can be used alone to manufacture snow tracks, and can also be used together with natural snow to manufacture snow tracks. Further, the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention does not use water, and does not involve a substance having unstable properties, and is highly environmentally friendly.
  • Figure 3 is a view showing the snow slide of the first embodiment of the man-made normal temperature snow of the present invention which is manufactured together with natural snow. Schematic partial cross-sectional view.
  • natural snow 6 is covered on the artificial normal temperature snow 7 of the present invention, and the artificial normal temperature snow 7 of the present invention is deposited on the foundation 8.
  • the foundation 8 is, for example, a natural foundation or an artificial foundation, and as shown in the figure, has an undulating slope shape, whereby the natural snow 6 and the artificial normal temperature snow 7 constitute a slope having a slope.
  • Natural snow 6 and artificial normal temperature snow 7 form snow slopes of different slopes, including a slope of 0 degrees.
  • the snowy road of the present embodiment replaces the natural snow 6 with a large amount of artificial normal temperature snow 7, and the amount of natural snow 6 is greatly reduced, but the feeling of skiing can be substantially the same as that of a snowy road completely made of natural snow. Moreover, the manufacture of a snow track by artificial ambient snow 7 is greatly simplified and facilitates the operation of manufacturing a snow track with respect to the prior art.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a snow track of a second embodiment made only of the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is that the second embodiment does not use natural snow at all, and artificial ambient snow 7 accumulates on the foundation 8 to constitute a snowy road. Such snow trails are completely independent of time and temperature.
  • the natural snow 6 is covered in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 to form a snowy road on the artificial normal temperature snow 7, it is noted that the natural snow 6 can also be uniformly or non-uniformly combined with the artificial normal temperature snow 7 to form a snowy road. That is to say, the embodiment in which the natural snow is used to manufacture the snow track together with the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention is flexible, and the ratio and laying manner of the natural snow and the artificial normal temperature snow can be set according to needs and actual conditions.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing a snow passage of a third embodiment laid out by the man-made normal temperature snow of the present invention.
  • the snow track of the third embodiment further comprises a strong magnetic layer composed of a plurality of permanent magnet blocks 9, which are arranged in a uniform polarity on the foundation 8 of the snow track.
  • a strong magnetic layer is formed under the artificial normal temperature snow 7.
  • the snow particles 1 constituting the artificial normal temperature snow 7 can be automatically aligned under the strong magnetic action of the permanent magnet block 9, so that the polar orientation of the snow particles 1 can be made as uniform as possible, so that the snow particles 1 can be made There is greater attraction between the snow particles 1 to surface with greater dispersion resistance.
  • the damping dispersibility is one of the most important characteristics simulated by the artificial normal temperature snow of the present invention, and the greater dispersion resistance between the snow particles 1 can satisfy the need for greater damping dispersibility.
  • the size of the ferromagnetic layer in which the permanent magnet blocks 9 are arranged may be substantially equal to the size of the surface of the snow road, or may be smaller than the size of the plane of the snow lane as needed.
  • the permanent magnet block 9 may be, for example, a square of 10 cm X 10 cm.
  • the artificial temperature snow of the present invention in which the solid particles 2 described above are completely magnetic materials can be used Manufactured by the following steps:
  • the above method does not include the above step (3) if it is not necessary to attach a material layer capable of changing the surface properties to the surface of the solid particles.
  • the material layer is preferably a polymer material layer or a metal plating layer.
  • the above method may further comprise coloring the layer of material to which the solid particles are attached.
  • the manufacturing method can employ the following steps:
  • the above method may further comprise attaching a surface of the magnetized solid particles to the material layer capable of changing the surface properties between the above-mentioned selecting step and the magnetizing step.
  • the above method may further include coloring the layer of the material to which the solid particles are attached, as needed.
  • the body of the solid particles may be a material selected from metals, organic materials, and inorganic non-metal materials, preferably a finely divided or melted magnetic material. After being mixed with the molten bulk material, it is granulated to obtain a solid particle containing a magnetic material as a non-magnetic material.
  • the bulk of the solid particles is an organic polymer material, as described above, it is not necessary to attach the surface of the magnetized solid particles to a material layer capable of changing the surface properties.
  • the finely divided or molten magnetic material is mixed with the molten bulk material and the particles are mixed.
  • magnetization magnetization is preferably performed while the bulk material is still in a molten state, and the magnetic material contained in the body is automatically sorted by the strong magnetic force of the magnetic field or The polarity orientation is the same.
  • the mesh number may be selected depending on the particle diameter of the solid particles to be obtained, and may be, for example, 4 to 10 mesh, more specifically, 5, 8, 9 or the like.
  • the artificial normal temperature snow of the invention can well simulate the characteristics of natural snow, is simple to manufacture, is convenient to use, simplifies the operation of manufacturing a snow track, and can replace the natural snow to manufacture a snow road on a large scale, thereby greatly reducing the environmental temperature and the seasonal time.
  • the embodiments of the artificial room temperature snow of the present invention have been described above.
  • the specific features, such as the shape and size, of the artificial room temperature snow of the present invention can be specifically designed according to the functions of the above-disclosed features, and these designs are all in the field.
  • the technician can achieve it.
  • those skilled in the art can also combine and modify the features of the various embodiments disclosed above to achieve the object of the present invention.
  • the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the claims of the present application.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种人造常温雪、其制造方法以及由其制成的雪道，该人造常温雪用于滑雪，由包括带有磁性的固体颗粒的人造常温雪雪粒组成。一种制造方法包括如下步骤：（1）利用粉碎装置将磁性材料粉碎为固体颗粒；（2）利用网筛以一定的粒经对固体颗粒进行筛选；和（3）使筛选后得到的固体颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料层。一种雪道包括该人造常温雪。该人造常温雪能够良好地模拟天然雪的特性，制造简单，使用方便，简化了制造雪道的操作，能够大规模地代替天然雪来制造雪道，从而能够大幅降低环境温度和季节时间对滑雪的限制，延长滑雪场的经营时间，显著增加滑雪场的效益。

Description

人造常温雪 技术领域
本发明涉及一种人造雪、其制造方法以及由其制成的雪道， 尤其涉及一 种不受季节和温度限制的用于滑雪的人造雪以及由其制成的雪道， 该人造雪 铺装在不同坡度的雪道上。 背景技术
滑雪是一项广泛受到人们喜爱的运动， 但是， 这项运动需要在一定的气 候条件如环境温度较低的情况下才能形成天然雪， 因此， 利用天然雪滑雪这 项运动受到环境温度和季节时间的限制。 尤其是在滑雪场中， 由于受到环境 温度、 季节时间以及雪量的限制， 因而滑雪场的经营时间有限， 制造雪道的 成本和工作量巨大， 因此滑雪场的收益受此限制的影响极大。
在滑雪场中， 为了尽可能减小环境温度和季节时间的影响、 增加雪量， 通常使用造雪装置将水制造成雪， 再利用所得到的人造雪铺成雪道。 这种方 式消耗大量水和能量， 造雪时间长， 成本相当高， 并且仍然受到环境温度和 季节时间的严重限制。
除了这种主要的方式之外，为了减小滑雪运动受环境温度和季节时间的 影响， 为了更方便地享受滑雪运动的乐趣， 目前还有两类方式用来解决不易 得到天然雪这一问题。 这种人造雪与天然雪的相似性， 这类方式中有的技术方案还在制造过程中加 入有机的交联剂来改善颗粒之间的积聚性，加入无机物质如滑石等来提高颗 粒的流动性。 这一类方式仍然要使用大量的水， 制造工艺复杂， 所得到的人 造雪的特性也不是很理想， 并且还存在水分蒸发的问题。
另一类方式是利用水以外的固体材料来模拟天然雪所形成的雪道的特 性。 在这类方式中。 一些技术方案是以有机物颗粒与固体滑剂相混合来制造 人造雪， 固体滑剂用于使颗粒之间具有一定的粘接性和流动性。 还有一些技 术方案则仅是以人造设备来模拟滑雪时的感觉， 例如滑塑料毛刷， 这种方案 是将用尼龙等高分子材料制作的毛刷成片设置在如斜坡等位置处， 滑雪板在 塑料毛刷上滑行， 这种方案有的俗称为 "滑牙刷"。 有的方案将类似每根毛 刷的头部制作成弧形， 俗称为 "滑蘑菇"。 这类方式也可统称为滑旱雪， 现 有技术所能提供的滑雪感觉和效果与滑天然雪相比有相当的差距， 并且其制 造和使用都较复杂， 所制造的雪道也不能用作使用天然雪的雪道。
目前滑雪场还是以用水造雪为主来增加雪量，上述两类替代方式的使用 范围很有限， 尚未找到一种能够大规模替代人工造雪的方式， 因此， 还需 要研发能够良好地模拟天然雪的特性、 制造简单、 使用方便、 并且能够大规 模替代用水造雪的技术。 发明内容
本发明之目的在于提供一种人造常温雪，其能够良好地模拟天然雪的特 性， 制造简单， 使用方便， 大幅降低环境温度和季节时间对滑雪的限制， 显 著增加滑雪场的效益。
由此， 本发明提供一种用于滑雪的人造常温雪， 其由包括带有磁性的固 体颗粒的人造常温雪雪粒组成。
优选地， 该人造常温雪适用于滑雪场的滑雪， 成片铺装在不同坡度的雪 道上。
优选地，为追求更多不同的滑雪感觉，所述的颗粒剩磁可以在 1000-9000 高斯任意选择。 更具体地， 在 2000-9000高斯的范围内选择。 更具体地， 为 2000-2300高斯。 当固体颗粒为铁氧体时， 剩磁优选为 2000-2300高斯。
本发明还提供一种雪道， 其包括本发明的人造常温雪。
优选地， 该雪道还包括由若干永磁体块组成的强磁层， 这些永磁体块按 极性一致的形式排列在雪道的基础上， 在人造常温雪的下方形成强磁层。
本发明利用磁性材料所具有的磁性来模拟天然雪的特性，最重要的是所 模拟的雪能够解决两个问题： 1 )可团聚性， 即雪粒能够如天然雪一样团聚 在一起形成一定形状的稳定分布， 从而粘附在不同坡度的雪道上； 2 ) 阻尼 分散性， 即团聚在一起形成一定形状的模拟雪能够如天然雪那样很容易在外 力作用下改变形状， 带阻尼地接受塑形和分散， 甚至分散为更小的团或单独 的颗粒， 这种特性是滑雪所必需的， 它可以给滑雪者提供减速、 控制方向、 乃至制动所需的阻力。
通过在带磁性的固体颗粒外附着能够改变表面性能的材料层，例如高分 子材料层或金属镀层， 能够对带磁性的固体颗粒的表面进行改性， 使颗粒物 的表面具有润滑性， 减少颗粒与滑雪板间的摩擦力， 并且能够进一步模拟天 然雪的颗粒之间以及天然雪与滑雪板之间的相互作用方式。
本发明还提供一种制造人造常温雪的方法， 其包括如下步骤：
( 1 )制作以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒；
( 2 )利用网筛以一定的粒径对所述固体颗粒进行筛选； 和
( 3 )将筛选后得到的固体颗粒充磁磁化；
优选地，所述方法还包括在上述筛选步骤和磁化步骤之间使磁化后的固 体颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料层。
优选地， 所述材料层是高分子材料层。
优选地， 所述方法还包括对固体颗粒所附着的材料层上色。
本发明还提供另一种制造人造常温雪的方法， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 )制作包含磁性材料的固体颗粒；
( 2 )利用网 以一定的粒径对包含磁性材料的固体颗粒进行 选； 和 ( 3 )将 选后得到的固体颗粒充磁磁化；
优选地，该方法还包括在上述筛选步骤和磁化步骤之间使磁化后的固体 颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料层。
优选地， 该方法还包括对固体颗粒所附着的材料层上色。
优选地，所述制作包含磁性材料的固体颗粒的步骤包括将细碎或熔融的 磁性材料与熔融的固体颗粒本体材料混合后经颗粒化而得到包含磁性材料 的固体颗粒。
优选地，所述制作以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒的步 骤还包括： 在本体材料仍处于熔融状态时进行充磁磁化， 并且利用磁场的强 磁力使本体所含有的磁性材料自动排序或者极性取向一致。
本发明是一种模拟天然雪的开创性发明， 具有以下优势。
1. 能够良好地模拟天然雪的特性， 制造简单， 使用方便， 能够用于大 规模地替代天然雪来制造雪道。
2. 不仅能够用于制造完全由人造常温雪制成的雪道， 还可以用于与天 然雪一起共同制造雪道。
3. 能够大大延长滑雪场的经营时间， 大幅度地降低滑雪场的造雪成本， 极大地增加滑雪场的收益。本发明的人造常温雪的使用不受时间和温度的限 制， 它可以夏季铺装， 冬季由天然雪覆盖， 在季节过渡期间与天然雪成混合 雪道， 从而能够延长滑雪季的时间， 甚至全年四季。 特别是能够改变天然雪 量较小地区的滑雪场中需要大量时间和成本人工造雪的现状。 另外， 本发明 的人造雪还能够简化做滑雪道的操作， 从而能够减少人力和时间成本。 附图说明
图 1示出本发明人造常温雪的一种实施例的单个雪粒的示意图。
图 2 示出本发明的人造常温雪的单个雪粒所包括的固体颗粒的一种实 施例的示意图， 该固体颗粒以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料。
图 3 示出利用本发明的人造常温雪铺成的第一实施例的雪道的示意性 局部截面图， 其中， 天然雪覆盖在本发明的人造常温雪上。
图 4 示出仅用本发明的人造常温雪制造的第二实施例的雪道的示意性 局部截面图。
图 5 示出利用本发明的人造常温雪铺成的第三实施例的雪道的示意性 局部截面图， 其中， 在本发明的人造常温的下方铺设有永磁体块。 具体实施方式
在此记载的实施例为本发明的特定的具体实施方式， 用于说明本发明的 构思， 均是解释性和示例性的， 不应解释为对本发明实施方式及本发明范围 的限制。 除在此记载的实施例外， 本领域技术人员还能够基于本申请权利要 求书和说明书所公开的内容釆用显而易见的其它技术方案， 这些技术方案包 括釆用对在此记载的实施例的做出任何显而易见的替换和修改的技术方案。
本说明书的附图为示意图， 辅助说明本发明的构思， 示意性地表示各部 分的形状及其相互关系， 并且， 出于便于阅读和制图之目的， 图示尺寸的比 例可能经过了放大或者缩小。 相同的参考标记用于表示类似的部分。
图 1示意性示出本发明的人造常温雪的一种单个雪粒 1。 在本发明的一 种优选实施例中， 人造常温雪用于滑雪， 由若干雪粒 1组成， 该雪粒 1包括 带有磁性的固体颗粒 2, 在固体颗粒 2的表面附着有能够改变表面性能的材 料 3 , 该材料在固体颗粒 2的表面呈白色。 所附着的能够改变表面性能的材 料层 3例如为高分子材料层或者金属镀层。
可以根据实际需要来选择该带有磁性的固体颗粒 2的粒径， 例如， 当用 于滑道的不同部位时可以釆用不同粒径的固体颗粒 2。 固体颗粒 2的粒径可 以大于 4毫米， 也可以在 0.1-4毫米之间， 更优选地， 可以在 1-3毫米之间， 更优选 2毫米。上述不同粒径范围和尺寸使所得到的人造常温雪具有不同的 特性， 尤其是 1-3毫米这一粒径范围的适用性最广， 性能也相对更好一些。 可以根据需要将固体颗粒 2制造成任何形状， 例如球形、 椭球形、 三角形、 方形、 不规则多边形等。
请注意， 虽然前述的示例性优选实施例的人造常温雪的固体颗粒具有用 于改变表面性能的表面覆盖层，但本发明并不限制必须在固体颗粒表面附着 改变表面性能的材料层。
由于构成人造常温雪的固体颗粒 2具有磁性， 因此， 在这些固体颗粒之 间因磁力的作用而存在明显的吸引力， 这样， 这些固体颗粒能够既具有可团 聚性， 又具有阻尼分散性。 这两种特性是模拟天然雪的两种最重要特性。 所 谓可团聚性是指雪粒 1能够如天然雪一样团聚在一起形成一定形状的稳定分 布， 从而能够粘附在不同坡度的雪道上。 所述阻尼分散性是指团聚在一起形 成一定形状的模拟雪能够如天然雪那样很容易在外力作用下改变形状， 带阻 尼地接受塑形和分散， 甚至分散为更小的团或单独的颗粒， 这种特性是滑雪 所必需的， 它可以给滑雪者提供减速、 控制方向、 乃至制动所需的阻力。
上述带有磁性的固体颗粒 2可以是如图 1所示的磁性材料的颗粒 (图 1 示出固体颗粒 2完全由磁性材料构成）， 但也可以是以非磁性材料为本体而 含有磁性材料的颗粒。 图 2示出固体颗粒 2的另一种实施例的示意图， 该固 体颗粒 2是以非磁性材料 4为本体而含有磁性材料 5的颗粒。 当带有磁性的 固体颗粒 2是以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的颗粒时， 固体颗粒的非 磁性本体 4可以从金属、 有机材料、 无机非金属材料中任意选择， 磁性材料 5可以散布在固体颗粒的本体 4中， 也可以嵌于固体颗粒的本体 4上， 或者 被固体颗粒的本体 4包围。 如前所述， 本发明并不限制必须在固体颗粒表面 附着改变表面性能的材料层，例如，当固体颗粒的本体是有机高分子材料时， 显然再在固体颗粒的表面附着有机高分子材料只是可选项， 而附着金属镀层 也只是可选的。本发明可以根据具体的技术实施方案来选择是否要在固体颗 粒表面附着改变表面性能的材料层。
图 1和图 2中的固体颗粒 2的磁性材料可以是铁氧体； 铁、 钴、 镍之类 的铁磁性材料； 或稀土永磁材料。 由于本发明需要的磁性材料的量大， 优选 釆用价格较便宜的材料， 如铁氧体磁性材料或钕铁硼系稀土永磁材料。 固体 颗粒 2的剩磁可以根据实际需要进行选择， 以满足制造雪道对雪粒 1的可团 聚性和阻尼分散性的要求， 例如， 固体颗粒 2的剩磁可以在 1000-9000高斯 ( Gs )的范围内选择， 更具体地可以在 2000-9000高斯（Gs )的范围内选择， 例如为 3000高斯、 4000高斯。 剩磁越强， 则雪粒 1之间的吸引力越强， 其 阻尼分散性中显示出的阻尼越大。 当磁性材料为铁氧体时， 优选剩磁为 2000-2300高斯， 可以更好地表现出雪粒 1的可团聚性和阻尼分散性。
雪粒的磁性材料也可以为不同磁性材料的混合物， 例如是铁氧体和稀土 永磁材料的混合物。 在图 2所示的固体颗粒 2的实施例中， 非磁性材料的本 体 4含有的多个磁性材料 5可以是同一种磁性材料的颗粒，也可以是不同种 磁性材料颗粒的混合物， 例如是铁氧体和钕铁硼系稀土永磁材料的混合物。 稀土永磁材料的剩磁可以达到比铁氧体的剩磁大的程度， 因此， 将铁氧体和 稀土永磁材料混合能够增大固体颗粒的剩磁，也就能增强固体颗粒 2之间的 吸引力， 从而人造常温雪在分散时表现出更强的阻尼。 为了增强固体颗粒 2 之间的吸引力，还可以将图 2所示的固体颗粒 2制造成使磁性材料 5极性取 向一致。
如上所述， 固体颗粒表面附着的能够改变表面性能的材料层 3可以是 高分子材料层或者金属镀层。 所述高分子材料为塑料、 涂料或高分子基复合 材料。 更具体地说， 所述高分子材料例如为聚乙烯（PE )、 聚丙烯（PP )、 聚 氯乙烯（PVC )或聚氨酯。 高分子材料层还可以是烤漆。 通过在固体颗粒外 附着能够改变表面性能的材料层， 能够对带磁性的固体颗粒的表面进行改 性， 使颗粒物的表面具有润滑性， 减少颗粒与滑雪板间的摩擦力， 并且能够 进一步模拟天然雪的颗粒之间以及天然雪与滑雪板之间的相互作用方式。
另外， 除白色外， 本发明的人造常温雪可以制造成其它颜色。 特别地， 高分子材料层的应用还便于根据需要牢固地上色，从而使颗粒物能够具有不 同的颜色， 例如为红色、 蓝色、 绿色等。 由此， 使所模拟的雪具有更好的适 用性， 增加滑雪者的视觉感受， 增强娱乐性。
本发明的人造常温雪的存放和使用非常方便， 既可以单独用来制造雪 道， 也可以用于与天然雪一起共同制造雪道。 此外， 本发明的人造常温雪不 使用水， 也不涉及性能不稳定的物质， 非常有利于环保。
图 3示出本发明的人造常温雪与天然雪一起制造的第一实施例的雪道的 示意性局部截面图。 图 3中， 天然雪 6覆盖在本发明的人造常温雪 7上， 而 本发明的人造常温雪 7堆积在基础 8上。基础 8例如为天然地基或人工基础， 如图所示其成带有起伏的坡状， 由此， 天然雪 6和人造常温雪 7构成具有坡 度的雪道。天然雪 6和人造常温雪 7构成不同坡度的雪道，包括坡度为 0度。 本实施例的雪道用大量的人造常温雪 7代替了天然雪 6 , 天然雪 6的用量大 幅度地减少， 但滑雪的感觉可以做到与完全用天然雪制造的雪道基本无异。 而且， 相对于现有技术， 用人造常温雪 7制造雪道极大地简化、 方便了制造 雪道的操作。
图 4 示出仅用本发明的人造常温雪制造的第二实施例的雪道的示意性 局部截面图。 与图 3所示实施例相比， 所不同的是该第二实施例完全不使用 天然雪， 人造常温雪 7堆积在基础 8上构成雪道。 这样的雪道完全不受时间 和温度的限制。
虽然在图 3所示实施例中示出天然雪 6覆盖在人造常温雪 7上构成雪 道， 但请注意， 天然雪 6也可以与人造常温雪 7均匀地或非均匀地搀和起来 构成雪道， 也就是说， 利用天然雪与本发明的人造常温雪一起制造雪道的实 施方式是灵活的， 天然雪和人造常温雪的比例和铺设方式可以根据需要和实 际情况来设定。
图 5 示出利用本发明的人造常温雪铺成的第三实施例的雪道的示意性 局部截面图。
与图 3所示实施例相比，第三实施例的雪道还包括由若干永磁体块 9组 成的强磁层， 这些永磁体块 9按极性一致的形式排列在雪道的基础 8上， 在 人造常温雪 7的下方形成强磁层。 组成人造常温雪 7的雪粒 1在永磁体块 9 的强磁作用下， 极性的取向能够自动排列， 从而雪粒 1的极性取向能够尽可 能做到一致， 这样， 能够使雪粒 1之间具有更大的吸引力， 雪粒 1相互之间 能够表面出更大的分散阻力。 如上所述， 阻尼分散性是本发明人造常温雪所 模拟的最重要特性之一， 雪粒 1之间的更大的分散阻力可以满足对于更大阻 尼分散性的需要。永磁体块 9排列而成的强磁层的尺寸可以基本等于雪道平 面的尺寸， 也可以根据需要小于雪道平面的尺寸。 永磁体块 9 可以为例如 10cm X 10cm的正方形。
下面描述制造本发明的人造常温雪的实施例。
对于上述的固体颗粒 2完全为磁性材料的本发明人造常温雪，可以釆用 包括如下步骤的方法进行制造：
( 1 )利用粉碎装置将磁性材料粉碎为固体颗粒；
( 2 )利用网筛以一定的粒径对固体颗粒进行筛选；
( 3 )使筛选后得到的固体颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料层； 和
( 4 )对附着有上述材料层的固体颗粒充磁磁化。
请注意， 如果不需要对固体颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料 层， 则上述方法不包括上述步骤（3 )。
所述材料层优选是高分子材料层， 也可以是金属镀层。
进一步， 上述方法还可以包括对固体颗粒所附着的材料层上色。
当本发明人造常温雪的固体颗粒 2 是上述的以非磁性材料为本体而含 有磁性材料的颗粒时， 制造方法可以釆用如下步骤：
( 1 )制作以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒；
( 2 )利用网筛以一定的粒径对以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的 固体颗粒进行筛选；
( 3 )将筛选后得到的固体颗粒充磁磁化；
进一步， 如果所得到的固体颗粒还需要表面改性， 那么上述方法还可以 包括在上述 选步骤和磁化步骤之间使磁化后的固体颗粒的表面附着能够 改变表面性能的材料层。
进一步， 根据需要， 上述方法还可以包括对固体颗粒所附着的材料层上 色。
在制作以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒 2时，固体颗粒 的本体可以是从金属、 有机材料、 无机非金属材料中根据需要选择的材料， 优选是将细碎或熔融的磁性材料与熔融的本体材料混合后经颗粒化而得到 以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒。 当固体颗粒的本体是有机 高分子材料时， 参见前面所述可知， 使磁化后的固体颗粒的表面附着能够改 变表面性能的材料层这一步骤并不是必须的。
为了增大以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒之间的分散 阻尼， 即为了增大固体颗粒之间的吸引力， 在将细碎或熔融的磁性材料与熔 融的本体材料混合并颗粒化这一过程中，优选在本体材料仍处于熔融状态时 进行充磁磁化， 并且利用磁场的强磁力使本体所含有的磁性材料自动排序或 者极性取向一致。
对于上述两种制造方法，网筛目数可以根据所要得到的固体颗粒的粒径 来选择， 例如可以为 4-10目， 更具体地， 可以为 5、 8、 9目等。
本发明的人造常温雪能够良好地模拟天然雪的特性， 制造简单，使用方 便， 简化了制造雪道的操作， 能够大规模地代替天然雪来制造雪道， 从而能 够大幅降低环境温度和季节时间对滑雪的限制， 延长滑雪场的经营时间， 显 著增加滑雪场的效益。
以上对本发明的人造常温雪的实施方式进行了说明， 如上所述，对于本 发明的人造常温雪的具体特征如形状、尺寸可根据上述披露的特征的作用进 行具体设计， 这些设计均是本领域技术人员能够实现的。 另外， 本领域技术 人员还可以对上述披露的各种实施方式的特征进行组合和变更， 以实现本发 明之目的为准。 本发明之保护范围以本申请权利要求之内容为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种用于滑雪的人造常温雪， 其由包括带有磁性的固体颗粒的人造 常温雪雪粒组成。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的人造常温雪， 该人造常温雪适用于滑雪场的滑 雪， 成片铺装在不同坡度的雪道上。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述固体颗粒的剩磁在 1000-9000高斯的范围内， 更具体地在 2000-9000高斯的范围内， 更具体地 为 2000-2300高斯。
4. 如权利要求 1 所述的人造雪， 其中， 所述固体颗粒的表面附着有能 够改变表面性能的材料。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述固体颗粒的表面附着 有高分子材料层或金属镀层。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述高分子材料为塑料、 涂料或高分子基复合材料。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述高分子材料为聚乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚氯乙烯或聚氨酯， 或者所述高分子材料层为烤漆。
8. 如权利要求 5所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述高分子材料层带有除 白色之外的颜色。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述带有磁性的固体颗粒 是以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的颗粒， 所述非磁性材料是从金属、 有机材料、 无机非金属材料中选择的一种材料。
10. 如权利要求 9所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述磁性材料散布在作为 本体的所述非磁性材料中。
11. 如权利要求 1-10 中任一项所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述固体颗 粒为铁氧体、 铁磁性材料或稀土永磁材料， 所述稀土永磁材料优选是钕铁硼 系稀土永磁材料。
12. 如权利要求 1-10 中任一项所述的人造常温雪， 其中， 所述固体颗 粒的粒径大于 4毫米， 或者， 所述固体颗粒的粒径为 0.1-4毫米， 更具体地 为 1-3毫米， 更具体地为 2毫米。
13. 一种制造人造常温雪的方法， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 )利用粉碎装置将磁性材料粉碎为固体颗粒；
( 2 )利用网 以一定的粒径对固体颗粒进行 选； 和
( 3 )对附着有上述材料层的固体颗粒充磁磁化。
14. 如权利要求 13所述的方法， 还包括在筛选步骤和磁化步骤之间使 筛选后得到的固体颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料层。
15. 如权利要求 14所述的方法， 其中， 所述材料层是高分子材料层或 金属镀层。
16. 如权利要求 14或 15所述的方法， 还包括对固体颗粒所附着的材料 层上色。
17. 如权利要求 13-15中任一项所述的方法， 其中， 所述固体颗粒的剩 磁在 1000-9000高斯的范围内， 更具体地在 2000-9000高斯的范围内， 更具 体地为 2000-2300高斯。
18. 一种制造人造常温雪的方法， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 )制作以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒；
( 2 )利用网筛以一定的粒径对所述固体颗粒进行筛选； 和
( 3 )将筛选后得到的固体颗粒充磁磁化；
19. 如权利要求 18所述的方法， 还包括在筛选步骤和磁化步骤之间使 磁化后的固体颗粒的表面附着能够改变表面性能的材料层。
20. 如权利要求 18或 19所述的方法， 还包括对固体颗粒所附着的材料 层上色。
21. 如权利要求 18或 19所述的方法， 其中， 所述固体颗粒的剩磁在 1000-9000高斯的范围内， 更具体地在 2000-9000高斯的范围内， 更具体地 为 2000-2300高斯。
22. 如权利要求 18所述的方法， 其中， 所述制作以非磁性材料为本体 而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒的步骤包括将细碎或熔融的磁性材料与熔融的 非磁性材料混合后经颗粒化而得到以非磁性材料为本体而含有磁性材料的 固体颗粒。
23. 如权利要求 22所述的方法， 其中， 所述制作以非磁性材料为本体 而含有磁性材料的固体颗粒的步骤还包括： 在本体材料仍处于熔融状态时进 行充磁磁化， 并且利用磁场的强磁力使本体所含有的磁性材料自动排序或者 极性取向一致。
24. 一种雪道， 其包括如权利要求 1-12中任一项所述的人造常温雪。
25. 如权利要求 24所述的雪道， 该雪道还包括由若干永磁体块组成的 强磁层， 这些永磁体块按极性一致的形式排列在雪道的基础上， 在人造常温 雪的下方形成强磁层。
PCT/CN2012/080640 2012-08-27 2012-08-27 人造常温雪 WO2014032226A1 (zh)

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CN111704893A (zh) * 2020-05-26 2020-09-25 北京理工大学 一种磁性凝胶冰雪材料及其制备方法
CN111704893B (zh) * 2020-05-26 2021-11-05 北京理工大学 一种磁性凝胶冰雪材料及其制备方法
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CN113528089B (zh) * 2021-06-23 2022-09-02 清华大学 基于磁性微颗粒的磁性吸能材料及其制备方法

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EP2889353B1 (en) 2021-05-19
UA110011C2 (uk) 2015-10-26
US20150307760A1 (en) 2015-10-29
EP2889353A1 (en) 2015-07-01
AU2012388637B2 (en) 2016-04-21
CN104640955B (zh) 2017-08-01
RU2605120C2 (ru) 2016-12-20
US10414959B2 (en) 2019-09-17
KR20150043430A (ko) 2015-04-22
SG11201501247XA (en) 2015-04-29
EP2889353A4 (en) 2016-06-22
KR101836202B1 (ko) 2018-03-08
CA2882504C (en) 2020-11-10
AU2012388637A1 (en) 2015-03-05
NZ705168A (en) 2016-05-27
JP6177329B2 (ja) 2017-08-09
CA2882504A1 (en) 2014-03-06
BR112015004109A2 (pt) 2017-07-04
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JP2015528559A (ja) 2015-09-28
RU2015110988A (ru) 2016-10-20

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