Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
  • A61K8/737—Galactomannans, e.g. guar; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/41—Amines
  • A61K8/416—Quaternary ammonium compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
  • A61K2800/30—Characterized by the absence of a particular group of ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/48—Thickener, Thickening system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
  • A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
  • A61K2800/5426—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge cationic

Definitions

• the present invention relates to personal care compositions and to household care compositions comprising a cationic galactomannan or a cationic xyloglucan having cationic degree of substitution comprised between 0.01 and 3, free from (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and free from (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• the procedure for the preparation of the cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan comprises the reaction of a galactomannan or xyloglucan with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride or (2,3- epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride and a subsequent step in which the unreacted cationizing agent, which is known to create toxicological concern, is converted into the non noxious, beneficial cosmetically accepted ingredient (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• This procedure provides a conditioner and rheology modifier comprising i) from 60 to 90% by weight of a cationic galactomannan, or a cationic xyloglucan, having cationic degree of substitution between 0.01 and 3, ii) from 1% to 10% by weight of (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and iii) less than 0.15% by weight of (3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• Cationic polysaccharides are derivatives of natural origins that are commonly used as industrial additives, due to their conditioning property (i.e. they improve the sensorial characteristics of the substrate to which they are applied on, generally paper, skin, hair or fabric).
• the synthesis of industrially useful cationic derivatives of polysaccharides generally requires the reaction of (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride or (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride in presence of alkaline catalysts (such as sodium hydroxide) with the hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide.
• alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide
• the reaction is generally performed in the presence of water or water/solvent(s) mixtures, with yields ranging from 40% to 90%, resulting in a mixture of cationic polysaccharide, unreacted cationising agent and some (2,3- dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride coming from the hydrolysis of the cationising agent.
• the reagent (2,3-epoxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride is classified as a carcinogenic substance CMR IB; the reagent (3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, even if less toxic than the corresponding epoxide, is classified as CMR 2.
• Residues of unreacted reagent are therefore to be avoided and the cationic polysaccharides for the use in cosmetic formulations or in formulations that come to direct contact with the skin, such as household care compositions, are generally purified, usually with water and/or solvents, to remove the reaction by-products and the residues of unreacted raw materials.
• This purification increases the production costs and has several technological problems connected with the necessity of adding a further step to the synthesis and of managing a lot of waste water and/or recycling the solvent. There is still therefore the need to provide a cationic polysaccharide which is devoid of toxic unreacted reagents and does not necessitate further purification steps.
• Cationic guar derivatives are known since the early '70s, when their use is cited in the production of waterproof paper (US 3,589,978); cationic cassia derivatives for industrial uses were prepared in the early '80s (FR 2513265).
• the cationic derivatives of galactomannans used in cosmetic are known for example with the INCI names of: Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (chemically, it is guar gum, 2- hydroxypropyl 2 ⁇ hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether chloride); Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (chemically, it is guar gum, 2- hydroxy-3 ⁇ (trimethylammonio)propyl ether, chloride); Caesalpinia Spinosa Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride (chemically, it is tara gum, 2- hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether, chloride); Cassia Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride; Locust Bean Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride; Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride. Most patent publications describing the synthesis of the above cited cationic derivatives, either ignore the possible
• the cationization reaction can be carried out in a solvent such as isopropanol, methanol, ethanol and tert-butanol; in the Example A of the same patent, at the end of the reaction and after neutralisation of the alkali excess, the product is dried, milled and washed with methanol, which is itself a toxic product, in the attempt to eliminate the un-reacted quaternary reagent.
• a solvent such as isopropanol, methanol, ethanol and tert-butanol
• the preparation of cationic guar derivatives comprises at the end of the reaction a first washing step with 85% by weight aqueous isopropanol and a second washing step with pure isopropanol; in US 2001/0051140 the preparation of guar cationic derivatives comprising, at the end of the reaction, two washings steps with 85% wt aqueous isopropanolis described.
• EP 1739095 and EP 1630176 disclose the preparation of cationic derivatives of galactomannans from Tara gum (from seeds of Caesalpinia spinosa), Locust Bean gum (from seeds of Ceratonia siliqua) and Fenugreek gum (from seeds of Trigonelle foenum-graecum, and their use in personal care application. Again, nothing is said about the presence of impurities and in the examples the cationic derivatives after the preparation were dissolved and then precipitated using methanol.
• cationic guar derivatives which are currently on the market, are purified by crosslinking with borates and washing them with water only, as described for example in CA 2,023,324; the so obtained cationic guar derivatives contain small amounts of boron (borated guars).
• the aim of the cross-linking with boric acid or any other cross-linker is to form bonds between the polysaccharides chains, that render the product insoluble in water and thus washable.
• the Applicant has now found a process for the preparation of cationic galactomannans and xyloglucans that comprises a second further alkaline treatment, which takes place after the reaction with (3-chloro-2 ⁇ hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, or with (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, and converts the unreacted residual reagents into the non noxious, beneficial, cosmetically accepted ingredient (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• the alkaline post-treatment permits to avoid washing steps and produces cationic galactomannans and xyloglucans that are soluble at all pHs and free from toxic contaminants that would compromise the toxicological characteristics of the cosmetic formulations in which they are used as an ingredient.
• a process for the preparation of cationic guar which includes a step of purification with an alkali after synthesis has been generically described in WO 2001/097761. According to this patent application the amount of alkali which is totally used in the whole process can vary from about 10 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the galactomannan.
• Example I after the sodium hydroxide treatment and subsequent neutralization, the cationic guar is purified by solvent washings as usual.
• cationic galactomannan or "cationic xyloglucan” in the present text we mean the chlorides of the 2-hydroxy-3- (trimethylammonio)propyl ether of a galactomannan or of a xyloglucan, (which are also known as the chlorides of the 2-hydroxy-3- (trimethylammonium)propyl ether of the galactomannan or xyloglucan), that possibly bear other substituents.
• cationic degree of substitution (DScat) we mean the average number of hydroxyl groups substituted with a cationic group on each anhydroglycosidic unit of the polysaccharide determined by means of ⁇ -N R.
• hydroxyalkyl molar substitution we mean the average number of hydroxyalkyl substituents on each anhydroglycosidic unit of the polysaccharide measured by means of 1 H- NMR.
• hydrophobic degree of substitution we mean average number of hydrophobic substituents on each anhydroglycosidic unit of the polysaccharide measured by means of gas- chromatography.
• compositions or "personal care compositions” we mean the compositions normally used for personal care, such as hair care products, skin care products and oral care compositions.
• a personal care composition and a household care composition comprising a cationic galactomannan or cationic xyloglucan having cationic degree of substitution comprised between 0.01 and 3 which is prepared with the following procedure: a) 100 parts by weight of galactomannan or xyloglucan are reacted with from 1 to 600 parts by weight of (3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride or of (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride and with from 0.4 to 200 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide (or equivalent amount of another alkaline hydroxide) in from 5 to 500 parts of water or of a water/alcohol mixture containing from 20 to 100% by weight of water; b) from 0.1 to 400 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide (or equivalent amount of another alkaline hydroxide) are added to the obtained mixture and the mixture is stirred for from 10 to 300 minutes, preferably from 60 to 150 minutes, at temperature comprised
• Another object of the present invention is a procedure for the preparation of a cationic galactomannan or a cationic xyloglucan having cationic degree of substitution comprised between 0.01 and 3 comprising the following steps: a) 100 parts by weight of galactomannan or xyloglucan are reacted with from 1 to 600 parts by weight of (3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride or of (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride and with from 0.4 to 200 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide (or equivalent amount of another alkaline hydroxide) in from 5 to 500 parts of water or of a water/alcohol mixture containing from 20 to 100% by weight of water; b) from 0.1 to 400 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide (or equivalent amount of another alkaline hydroxide) are added to the obtained mixture and the mixture is stirred for from 10 to 300 minutes, preferably from 60 to 150 minutes, at a temperature comprised between 30°C and 90°
• a conditioner and rheology modifier useful as ingredient of personal care compositions and household care compositions, comprising i) from 60 to 90% by weight of a cationic galactomannan, or a cationic xyloglucan, having cationic degree of substitution between 0.01 and 3, preferably between 0.05 and 0.7 ii) from 1% to 10% by weight of (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and iii) less than 0.15% by weight of (3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, which is a further object of the present invention.
• Still further objects of the present invention are personal care compositions and household care compositions, preferably personal care compositions, comprising the above described conditioner and rheology modifier.
• step a) of the procedure for the preparation of the cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan from 1 to 600 parts by weight of (3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and from 0.4 to 200 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide are added; more preferably, in step a) of the procedure from 10 to 180 parts by weight of (3 ⁇ chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and from 3 to 60 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide are added, thus obtaining at the end of the preparation a cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan having a DS comprised between 0.05 and 0.7.
• the alcohol useful for the procedure of the invention is preferably ethanol, isopropanol, or mixtures thereof.
• step a) of the procedure from 50 to 200 parts by weight of water or of water/alcohol mixture each 100 parts by weight of galactomannan or xyloglucan are used.
• step a) the galactomannan or xyloglucan, the alkaline hydroxide and the cationizing agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride or (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride are reacted for about 1 to 4 hours at temperature from about 40°C to about 80°C, before step b) takes place.
• the galactomannan or xyloglucan, the alkaline hydroxide and the cationizing agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride or (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride are reacted for about 1 to 4 hours at temperature from about 40°C to about 80°C, before step b) takes place.
• the alkaline hydroxide is added to the galactomannan or xyloglucan that has been pre-mixed with the water or with the water/solvent mixture and stirred for about 15 to 45 minutes; subsequently, the cationizing agent is added and reacted at about 40°C to 70°C for about 1 to 3 hours, before step b) takes place.
• the galactomannans useful for the preparation of the cationic derivatives of the invention include all polysaccharides which are made of galactose and mannose units and may have in addition, small amounts of other types of sugar units.
• the galactomannans consist of a main chain of mannose units linked together by l-4- -glycosidic linkages from which galactose units branch by means of 1-6-a-glycosidic linkages.
• the ratio of mannose units to galactose units can vary from one source to another.
• fenugreek gum has a mannose to galactose ratio about 1 : 1, sesbania gum about 1.6: 1, guar gum about 2 : 1, tara gum about 3 : 1, locust bean gum or carob gum about 4: 1 and cassia gum about 5: 1.
• galactomannans are those from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (guar), Cesalpinia spinosa L. (tara), and Ceratonia siliqua L. (locust bean). Unsubstituted mannans are completely insoluble in water. The attachment of galactose units to the primary hydroxyl groups of the mannose units (C-6 atom of the mannose molecule) by 1,6-a-glycosidic bonds increases water solubility, particularly cold water solubility.
• the cationic galactomannans described herein can be prepared using the gum in the form of flour (powder) or in the form of "splits".
• splits are obtained by mechanical separation of the endosperm from the hull and germ of the seed in as pure and intact form as possible with no other processing steps. These splits contain, as impurities in percentage varying from species to species, from about 6 to 12 percent moisture, from 2 to 7 percent proteins and from 2 to 7 percent acid insoluble residue.
• the flour usually have a particle size range of from about 4 to about 400 mesh (ASTM Standard Sieve Series).
• the galactomannan suitable for obtaining the cationic derivative of the invention has preferably a Brookfield® VT viscosity, measured at 25 °C and 20 rpm on a 1.0 % by weight water solution, comprised between 50 and 10,000 mPa * s and a weight average molecular weight (M w ) typically of between 50,000 and 3,000,000 Dalton.
• the personal care composition and the household care composition comprise a cationic galactomannan prepared by the above described procedure.
• the cationic galactomannan is guar gum.
• Xyloglucans are hemicellulose that occur in the primary cell wall of all vascular plants.
• a typical example of xyloglucan useful for the realization of the invention is tamarind gum.
• Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica) is a leguminous evergreen tall tree produced in the tropics.
• Tamarind gum (tamarind powder or tamarind kernel powder) is obtained by extracting and purifying the powder obtained by grinding the seeds of tamarind.
• Its backbone consists of D-glucose units joined with (l-4)-p-linkages similar to that of cellulose, with a side chain of single xylose unit attached to every second, third and fourth of D-glucose unit through a- D-(l-6) linkage.
• One galactose unit is attached to one of the xylose units through ⁇ -D- (1-2) linkage.
• the molar ratio between glucose, galactose and xylose is about 3: 1 :2.
• the xyloglucan gum suitable for obtaining the cationic derivative of the invention has preferably a Brookfield® VT viscosity, measured at 25 °C and 20 rpm on a 1.0 % by weight water solution, comprised between 50 and 10,000 mPa * s and a weight average molecular weight (M w ) typically of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 Dalton.
• the procedure of the invention can comprise one or more further derivatization steps, for example hydroxyalkylation, carboxyalkylation, hydrophobization steps, or combination thereof.
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention may also contain further substituent groups such as hydroxyalkyl substituents, wherein the alkyl represents a straight or branched hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl), hydrophobic substituents, carboxyalkyl substituents, or combinations thereof.
• substituent groups such as hydroxyalkyl substituents, wherein the alkyl represents a straight or branched hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (e.g., hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl), hydrophobic substituents, carboxyalkyl substituents, or combinations thereof.
• hydroxyalkylation of a polysaccharide is obtained by the reaction with reagents such as alkylene oxides, e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and the like, to obtain hydroxyethyl groups, hydroxypropyl groups, or hydroxybutyl groups, etc.
• alkylene oxides e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and the like
• the resulting hydroxyalkyl cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan may have a MS comprised between 0.1 and 3.0, preferably between 0.1 and 2.0, more preferably between 0.1 and 1.5.
• hydrophobization of the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention is obtained by the introduction of hydrophobic groups.
• Typical derivatizing agents bringing a hydrophobic group include linear or branched C 2 -C 24 alkyl and alkenyl halides, linear or branched alkyl and alkenyl epoxides containing a C 6 -C 2 4 hydrocarbon group and alkyl and alkenyl glycidyl ethers containing a C 4 -C 24 linear or branched hydrocarbon group.
• a suitable glycidyl ether hydrophobizing agent can be, for example, butyl glycidyl ether, t-butyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, dodecyl glycidyl ether, hexadecyl glycidyl ether, behenyl glycidyl ether and nonylphenyl glycidyl ether.
• alkyl epoxides include, but are not limited to, 1,2-epoxy hexane, 1,2-epoxy octane, 1,2-epoxy decane, 1,2-epoxy dodecane, 1,2- epoxy tetradecane, 1,2-epoxy hexadecane, 1,2-epoxy octadecane and 1,2-epoxy eicosane.
• Exemplary halide hydrophobizing agents include, but are not limited to, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, myristyl, hexadecyl, stearyl and behenyl bromides, chlorides, and iodides.
• derivatizing agents suitable for introducing the hydrophobic modification include alkyl- and alkenyl-p-hydroxy-y-chloropropyl ethers and epoxy derivatives of triglycerides.
• the cationic substituent is 2- hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether chloride and the hydrophobic substituent contains a linear alkyl or alkenyl chain containing between 6 and 24 carbon atoms or a mixture of such alkyls or alkenyls.
• the hydrophobically modified cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan of the invention may have hydrophobic degree of substitution (DS H ) of from 1 * 10 "5 to 5 * 10 ⁇ ⁇ preferably from 1 * 10 ⁇ 4 to 1 * 10 ⁇ ⁇
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention may contain both hydroxyalkyi substituents and hydrophobic substituents.
• the MS is comprised between 0.1 and 3.0 and the DS H between 1.10 s and 5 * 10 _1 .
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention are carboxyalkylated.
• the carboxyalkyl cationic polysaccharides of the invention have a degree of carboxyalkyl substitution (DS A N) ranging from 0.01 to 1.0.
• Halo-carboxylic acids or their salts may be used for the preparation of carboxyalkyl cationic galactomannans and xyloglucans.
• the preferred halo-carboxylic acid is chloroacetic acid.
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan contain only cationic substituents and have a DS cat comprised between 0.05 and 0.7, most preferably between 0.4 and 0.7.
• the derivatization reactions (cationization, carboxyalkylation, hydroxyalkylation, hydrophobization) can follow any order.
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention also contain hydroxyalkyi substituents
• the latter may be introduced in the last step, after the cationization step a) and the, optional, hydrophobization have occurred.
• Step b) can be performed at any time after the cationization of the polysaccharides, but preferably it is performed after all the derivatization reactions have been carried out.
• step b from 1 to 180 parts by weight, more preferably from 2 to 90 parts by weight, of sodium hydroxide (or equivalent amount of other alkaline hydroxide) each 100 parts of galactomannan or xyloglucan are added in step b).
• the pH of cationic polysaccharide can opportunely be adjusted.
• Any acid may be selected to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture, including strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid or weak acids such as acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, carbon dioxide and fumaric acid. In preferred embodiments acetic acid or fumaric acid are used.
• the pH of the reaction mixture obtained after step b) is lowered by addition of carbon dioxide.
• the amount of acid used is the amount which is necessary to reach the desired pH value, which is usually from 4 to 11.
• the procedure of the invention can comprise further treatments with several known reagents and methods, for example: acids; biochemical oxidants, such as galactose-oxidase, mannanase or other enzymes; chemical oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide; physical methods, such as high speed agitation, shearing machines, thermal methods; combinations of these reagents and methods.
• Reagents such as sodium metabisulfite or inorganic salts of bisulfite may also be optionally included.
• a light crosslinking of the galactomannan or xyloglucan (for example with borax, glyoxal, titanium or aluminium salts), to obtain dispersibiiity of the cationic polysaccharides and delayed solubilisation, can also be performed.
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan are depolymerized by known methods, such as oxidation, for example with alkali or hydrogen peroxide, or by other depolymerization reactions, such as enzymatic or thermal depolymerisation, or acid hydrolysis.
• the depolymerized cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan used in this invention are preferably prepared by treatments with alkali.
• the depolymerized cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention is prepared by reducing the molecular weight of the galactomannan or xyloglucan before any derivatization. Depolymerization can be performed using the already mentioned methods.
• the cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan are dried and recovered using means known in the art.
• means known in the art include air drying, fluidized bed drying, filtering, centrifuging, addition of solvents, freeze drying and the like. The use of fluidized bed drying is particularly recommended.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier comprises i) from about 60 to about 90% by weight, preferably from about 70 to about 85% by weight, of the cationic galactomannan or cationic xyloglucan having cationic degree of substitution between 0.01 and 3, preferably between 0.05 and 0.7, more preferably between 0.4 and 0.7, ii) from 1% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 2.5% to 8% by weight, of (2,3- dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and iii) less than 0.15% by weight, more preferably less than 0.05% by weight, of (3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier may further contain some residual water, normally between 1 and 10% by weight of water; further minor amounts of non-noxious by-products deriving from the other additional derivatizing reactions, such as glycols and polyglycols deriving from propylene oxide, may also be present, normally in amount between 0 to 15% by weight.
• Other ingredients that may present are salts deriving from the alkaline hydroxide and possibly from the acid which is added to adjust the pH, normally in amount between 1 and 15% by weight.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier has an ash content from 2 to 15% by weight (determined at 650°C), usually from 8 to 15%.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier of the invention provides a thickening performance which is higher than the one which is expected on the base of its active polysaccharide content (which of course is lower than that of analogue purified cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan).
• the cationic galactomannan of the conditioner and rheology modifier has a weight average molecular weight (M w ) between 50,000 and 2,000,000; the cationic xyloglucan has a weight average molecular weight (M w ) typically of between 100,000 and 1,000,000 Dalton.
• the conditioner and rheology modifiers have RVT Brookfield viscosity of from 15 to 5000, preferably from 30 to 3000, at 1% by weight in water, 20 rpm and 20 °C.
• the cationic galactomannans or xyloglucans are depolymerized, they have RVT Brookfield® viscosity at 1 % by weight in water, 20 °C, 20 rpm from 15 to 800 mPa * s, preferably from 30 to 500 mPa * s.
• the treatment with the alkali of step b) permits to eliminate the toxic impurities coming from the cationizing reagent without the need of any further purification by washing and to obtain a conditioner and rheology modifier useful for personal care and household care applications.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier and the cationic galactomannan or xyloglucane of the invention are free from toxic solvents, from (3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride and from (2,3- epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier contains from 1% to 10% by weight of (2,3- dihydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, formed from the reaction of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride or of (2,3- epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, that is itself a cosmetic ingredient known with the INCI name of Dihydroxypropyl Trimonium Chloride.
• a clear advantage of the procedure according the invention is that it allows to obtain the conditioner and rheology modifier with high yields, due to the fact that no purification by washing is necessary.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier and the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention contain less than 0.05% by weight, more preferably less than 0.01% by weight, of (3- chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier and the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan contain less than 0.05 % by weight, more preferably less than 0.01 % by weight, of (2,3-epoxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier and the cationic galactomannan or xyloglucan of the invention are also devoid of glyoxal, boron, or other crosslinking agents.
• Glyoxal and boron compounds are often used in the preparation of cationic derivatives of polysaccharides to facilitate dissolution of the final product and/or to temporarily insolubilize the crude product and consent its purification by washing with water and/or solvent.
• the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the invention do to need to be treated with glyoxal, boron compounds or other crosslinkers, because they dissolve without the formation of lumps under moderate to high sheer stirring, and do not need to be washed to get free from toxic by-products, as explained above. _
• the cationic galactomannan and cationic xyloglucan are therefore preferably uncrossiinked.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier is devoid from glyoxal, boron, and crossiinking agents (such as titanium salts) and has DS ⁇ comprised between 0.05 and 0.7, more preferably between 0.4 and 0.7.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier obtained by means of the procedure of the invention can be used as ingredients in the most different cosmetic and household care compositions, and especially in hair care compositions, where their capability of binding through their positive charges to substrates having weak negative charges, together with their capability to thicken and to regulate the rheology of water solutions, are exploited.
• the conditioner and rheology modifiers of the invention show their conditioning and viscosifying characteristics also when dosed at rather low concentrations, for example at concentration around 0.3% by weight of the formulated cosmetic.
• the conditioner and rheology modifiers and the cationic galactomannans and xyloglucans of the invention are also useful in other industrial fields, where the toxicity characteristics of the raw materials are of particular importance, such as for example in the paper industry. They may be present in cosmetic compositions and in household care compositions in concentrations preferably ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the compositions, and more preferably from 0.05 and 2% by weight.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier of the invention can be used in cosmetic compositions and in household care compositions for its viscosity-enhancing, stabilizing and conditioning properties, especially in the preparation of shampoos, hair conditioners, skin creams, personal or household care detergents and softeners.
• cosmetic compositions according to the invention are body, hands and face creams, skin conditioners, hair gels and lotions (such as hair setting lotions, fixing and balms), hair colouring and bleaching creams, sunscreen compositions, cleansing, moisturizing and perspiring fluids, shampoos, two-in-one shampoos, perfumes, cleansing soaps and bars, and other products for similar applications.
• the household care compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to: hard surface cleaning gels, bars, emulsions and liquid compositions, dry or damp dusting, cleaning and/or disinfecting wipes, fabric detergents and conditioners.
• the conditioner and rheology modifier and the cationic galactomannan and xyloglucan of the present invention improves the deposition on hair and skin of the fatty ingredients of cosmetic compositions, such as oils, vitamins and emollients, and the persistence of their perfumes and fragrances, while providing effective conditioning and, if desired, thickening effect.
• the cosmetic compositions of the invention contain the usual ingredients, such as surfactants, moisturizers, emollients, sunscreens, hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents such as ceramides, anti-free-radical agents, insect repellents, skin coolants, deodorants, antiperspirant actives, hair treatment agents, oral care agents, slimming agents, bactericides, sequestering agents, antidandruff agents, antioxidants, preserving agents, basifying or acidifying agents, fragrances, fillers, dyestuffs, other polymers and emulsifiers, gelling agents, foaming agents.
• surfactants such as ceramides, anti-free-radical agents, insect repellents, skin coolants, deodorants, antiperspirant actives, hair treatment agents, oral care agents, slimming agents, bactericides, sequestering agents, antidandruff agents, antioxidants, preserving agents, basifying or acidifying agents, fragrances, fillers, dyestuffs, other polymers and
• the household care compositions comprise the ingredients conventionally used in the fields, such as surfactants, emollients, insect repellents, bactericides, sequestering agents, antioxidants, preserving agents, basifying or acidifying agents, fragrances, fillers, dyestuffs, other polymers and emulsifiers, gelling agents, foaming agents, deodorizers, insecticides, cleaning agents, disinfectants, softeners, laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents.
• ingredients conventionally used in the fields such as surfactants, emollients, insect repellents, bactericides, sequestering agents, antioxidants, preserving agents, basifying or acidifying agents, fragrances, fillers, dyestuffs, other polymers and emulsifiers, gelling agents, foaming agents, deodorizers, insecticides, cleaning agents, disinfectants, softeners, laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents.
• the cosmetic compositions and the household care compositions of the invention usually also contain an acceptable liquid medium, which, according to the final use of the composition, is compatible with any keratin substance, such as skin, nails, hair, wool and the like.
• the acceptable medium may represent from 5% to 98% of the total weight of the compositions.
• the typical acceptable medium is water.
• Acceptable organic solvents may replace or partly substitute the water.
• the organic solvents may be hydrophiiic organic solvents, lipophilic organic solvents, amphiphilic solvents or mixtures thereof.
• hydrophiiic organic solvents are linear or branched lower monoalcohols having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol and isobutanol; polyethylene glycols having from 6 to 80 ethylene oxides; polyols such as propylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol; mono- or dialkyl isosorbide in which the alkyl groups have from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as dimethyl isosorbide; glycol ethers such as diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether and propylene glycol ethers such as dipropylene glycol methyl ether.
• utilisable amphiphilic organic solvents we cite polyols such as polypropylene glycol (PPG) derivatives, such as fatty acid esters of polypropylene glycol and fatty alcohol ethers of PPG.
• PPG polypropylene glycol
• utilisable lipophilic organic solvents are, for example, fatty esters such as diisopropyl adipate, dioctyl adipate and alkyl benzoates.
• the cosmetic compositions and the household care compositions of the present invention may be in the form of solution, emulsion, dispersion, gel, cream, paste, bar or wet wipe.
• oils may contain an oil, such as a mineral oil, a vegetable oil, an animal oil, a synthetic oil, silicone oils and mixture thereof.
• oils examples include paraffins, liquid petroleum jelly, jojoba oil, coconut oil, sweet almond oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, sesame oil, avocado oil, groundnut oil, isoparaffins, amodimethicones, dimethiconols, cyclopentasiloxanes, and mixture thereof.
• the product was purified by washing with water.
• 200 g of reaction mixture were dispersed in 1400 g of tap water at pH below 7, left under stirring for few minutes, then filtered under vacuum on a fabric filter.
• the cationic guar on the filter was further washed with 300 g of tap water at pH below 7.
• Example 2 The cationic guar so obtained was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• Example 2 The cationic guar so obtained was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• the reaction mass was then cooled to 40 °C and the pH was adjusted to about 5 with fumaric acid.
• 50 g of glyoxal (40% in water) dissolved in 80 g of water were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 40 minutes.
• the cationic guar so obtained was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• the reaction mass was then cooled to 40 °C and the pH was adjusted to about 5 with acetic acid.
• 50 g of glyoxal (40% in water) dissolved in 80 g of water were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50°C for 40 minutes.
• the cationic guar so obtained was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• the cationic guar was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• the mixture was homogenized at the 35 °C for 10 minutes, then other 365 g of an aqueous 65% wt solution of QUAB 188 were added and reaction mass was maintained at 50°C for 2 hours. The mass was then cooled to 40 °C and a third portion of 200 g of an aqueous 30% wt sodium hydroxide solution was added. After being stirred at 50 °C for 2 hours, the reaction mass was cooled to 40 °C and the pH was adjusted to about 5 with acetic acid. The solvent was distilled off. The cationic guar was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• reaction mass was cooled down to 40 °C, 470 g of an aqueous 65% wt solution of QUAB 188 were added and the mixture was heated to 50 °C for 2 hours. Then 171 g of 50% wt sodium hydroxide and 100 g of water were added and the reaction mass was maintained under stirring at 50 °C for 2 hours. The reaction mass was then cooled to 40 °C and the pH was adjusted to about 5 with acetic acid. 50 g of glyoxal (40% in water) dissolved in 79 g of isopropyl alcohol were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 40 minutes. The solvent was distilled. The cationic hydroxypropyl guar so obtained was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air and milled. At the end of the process the product had a moisture content of about 3% by weight.
• the pH was adjusted to about 5 with acetic acid, 40 g of glyoxal (40% in water) dissolved in 60 g of isopropyl alcohol were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50°C for 40 minutes. The solvent was distilled off. The cationic fenugreek was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• the reaction mass was then cooled to 40 °C and the pH was adjusted to about 5 with acetic acid.
• the solvent was distilled off.
• the cationic cassia was dried on a fluid bed drier using hot air until the moisture content was about 3% by weight and then milled.
• locust bean gum (Loc) powder were loaded at room temperature and the atmosphere was made inert by means of vacuum/nitrogen washings.
• a mixture of 210 g of an aqueous 50% wt sodium hydroxide solution and 316 g of isopropyl alcohol was added and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes.
• 485 g of an aqueous 65% wt of QUAB 188 solution were added and the mixture was heated to 50°C for 1 hour.
• a second portion of 210 g of 50% wt sodium hydroxide was added and the mixture was homogenized for 10 minutes.
• a cationic guar was prepared by following the procedure of Example 2, except that no glyoxal was added and the pH was adjusted to about 10 with C0 2 .
• a cationic guar was prepared by following the procedure of Example 2, except that no glyoxal was added.
• the RVT Brookfield® viscosity was determined on 1 % wt solution in water at 20 rpm and 20 °C.
• PS galactomannan or xyloglucan Applicative Tests
• the cationic guar of Examples 2 and 5 were used as conditioning agents and compared with the cationic galactomannans of Example 1 and with the commonly used conditioners Ucare JR-30M and erquat 550 (commercialized by Dow Chemical Company and Lubrizol Corp., respectively).
• the shampoos were prepared adding the conditioning agent to water under vigorous stirring; adjusting the pH to 8-8.5 and, in order to assure the complete swelling of the polymer, stirring for about 20 minutes before adding the other ingredients.
• the mixture was then heated to 60 °C before adding Cocamide MEA. After cooling down to 25 °C, the preservative was added and, finally, the pH was adjusted to a value comprised between 5 and 5.5.
• a control shampoo was prepared using the formula and procedure without the addition of any conditioner.
• the RVT Brookfield viscosity (20 rpm @ 25 °C) of the different shampoos are reported in Table 3 together with the stability after three months at 25 °C.
• the cationic polysaccharides of the invention show thickening performances similar or better than the performances of cationic guar of the prior art, despite their lower thickening performance in water.
• the conditioner is dissolved under vigorous stirring in Glycerin.
• the final pH is around 5.8 - 6.0.
• the cationic guars of Examples 13 and 14 were used as conditioners and compared with the cationic galactomannans of Example 1 and with a control formulation.
• RVT Brookfield viscosity (20 rpm @ 25 °C) of the different skin cleansing compositions are reported in Table 5 together with the stability after three months at 25 °C. Table 4
• Example 13 and 14 show a good thickening performance despite their lower thickening performance in water.
• the shampoos were prepared adding the conditioner to water under vigorous stirring; adjusting the pH to 8 - 8.5 (not required for Example 13) and, to assure the complete swelling of the polymer, stirring for about 20 minutes before adding the other ingredients.
• the Cocamidopropylbetaine was added before Sodium Laureth Sulfate and the mixture was heated to 60 °C. After cooling, the remaining ingredients were added and the pH was adjusted to 5-5.5.
• a control shampoo was prepared using the formula and procedure without the addition of any conditioner.
• Hairs 25 cm long, bleached, European, assembled in swatches having a weight of 1 gram and a width of about 1.5 cm (Haarhaus Kerling, Germany) were used for the wet comb test.
• the hair swatches were first cleansed by wetting with 37 °C running water for 60 seconds, washed for 60 seconds with 3.0 ml of the 10% Sodium Laureth Sulfate solution and then rinsed under 37 °C running water for 60 seconds.
• each hair swatch was wetted under running water for 60 seconds and shampooed for 45 seconds by applying 0.5 gram of shampoo per gram of hair along the hair length and rinsed again under 37 °C running water for 60 seconds.
• the shampooed hair swatches were then gently hand combed to remove major tangles and then combed for six times at 300 mm/min using a Dynamometer equipped with a fine tooth comb. Between each combing cycle, the hair was rewetted with water to keep it wet.
• Combing force versus displacement curves were registered. The average combing force between interval 30 and 70 mm were calculated. From the 6 combing cycle values, the cycle average wet combing force was calculated for each hair swatch. 5 hair swatches were treated with each shampoo and used to determine the average combing force for the shampooed samples. The lower the value of the force, the higher the wet conditioning efficiency of the shampoo.
• ACF t average combing force of the treated sample
• ACFu average combing force of the untreated sample.
• the conditioner of Example 13 has a much better conditioning effect than the purified comparative conditioner of Example 1 and the commercial conditioner Polyquaternium 10, that has cationic DS of about 0.3-0.6.

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