WO2014026515A1 - 提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法及装置 - Google Patents

提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014026515A1
WO2014026515A1 PCT/CN2013/078798 CN2013078798W WO2014026515A1 WO 2014026515 A1 WO2014026515 A1 WO 2014026515A1 CN 2013078798 W CN2013078798 W CN 2013078798W WO 2014026515 A1 WO2014026515 A1 WO 2014026515A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
dryness
chamber
combustion chamber
lifter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/078798
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛炳平
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胜利油田三力石油技术开发有限公司
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Application filed by 胜利油田三力石油技术开发有限公司 filed Critical 胜利油田三力石油技术开发有限公司
Priority to CA2864005A priority Critical patent/CA2864005C/en
Priority to RU2014131318A priority patent/RU2649732C2/ru
Priority to US14/379,878 priority patent/US9650877B2/en
Priority to BR112014028883-6A priority patent/BR112014028883B1/pt
Publication of WO2014026515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014026515A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/16—Steam superheating characterised by heating method by using a separate heat source independent from heat supply of the steam boiler, e.g. by electricity, by auxiliary combustion of fuel oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/71805—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
    • B01F35/718051—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings being adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/91—Heating or cooling systems using gas or liquid injected into the material, e.g. using liquefied carbon dioxide or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F2035/99—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23767—Introducing steam or damp in liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of heavy oil thermal mining, in particular to a method and a device for improving the steam dryness of a steam injection boiler, which are used for reducing heat loss, improving steam injection dryness, increasing steam enthalpy, replenishing formation energy, and improving Oil recovery.
  • thermal mining is to inject thermal energy into the oil layer, increase the temperature of the oil layer, reduce the viscosity of the crude oil, enhance the fluidity of the crude oil, and achieve the purpose of development and production.
  • Steam generator DC steam injection boiler
  • steam dryness is an important indicator affecting the development effect of steam injection. The higher the steam dryness, the steam heat. The higher the enthalpy, the greater the volume of steam in the reservoir and the better the development.
  • steam injection boilers are limited by their own structure and water quality. The steam dryness of boiler outlets can only reach 70%-75%.
  • the steam dryness injected into the bottom of the well is only 30%-40% due to the heat loss of the wellbore.
  • the superheating section of the steam boiler is heated into superheated steam, and the superheated steam is mixed with the water spray desuperheater of the external body of the steam injection boiler and mixed with the saturated brine separated by the spherical steam separator, the saturated water is vaporized to increase the dryness, and then injected into the underground well.
  • the method avoids the salt precipitation problem in the heated area and improves the steam dryness, the structure is complicated, the auxiliary facilities are numerous, the control is cumbersome, and the production cost is high. For example, replacing the existing steam injection boiler may cause serious serious equipment. Waste, and huge investment.
  • the heavy oil thermal recovery method is mainly based on steam stimulation and steam flooding, which is a kind of pressure reduction mining.
  • steam stimulation and steam flooding which is a kind of pressure reduction mining.
  • the formation energy deficit is serious, the development effect is worse, and the recovery rate is low.
  • the steam injection boiler itself cannot solve the problem of formation energy deficit.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for improving the steam dryness of a steam injection boiler for improving the steam dryness of a steam injection boiler, increasing steam enthalpy, replenishing formation energy, and improving crude oil. Recovery factor.
  • a method for improving the steam dryness of a steam injection boiler includes the following: The wet saturated steam at the outlet of the steam injection boiler is cooled and dried by a dryness lifter, and then sealed into the oil layer together with the gas generated by the dryness riser;
  • the dryness lifter comprises a combined spray head, a steam heating chamber, a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber, and the high-pressure fuel pump and the air compressor are controlled by the dry lifter automatic control system to supply fuel and air to the combustion chamber, fuel and The air enters the combustion chamber to ignite and burn, and the wet saturated steam at the outlet of the boiler enters the steam heating chamber of the dryness riser.
  • the wet saturated steam is heated in the steam heating chamber by the high temperature generated by the combustion of the combustion chamber, and the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion chamber enters the mixing.
  • the chamber is fully mixed with the wet saturated steam from the steam heating chamber with a certain degree of dryness, and the wet saturated steam is again increased in dryness.
  • the dryness of the wet-saturated steam can be improved by controlling the fuel quantity by the dry lifter automatic control system. 95%-100%, same , .
  • the steam heating chamber of the above-mentioned dryness riser has a steam inlet at the first end and an annular porous nozzle at the end, and the end of the combustion chamber communicates with the annular porous nozzle at the end of the steam heating chamber and communicates with the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber of the above-mentioned dryness riser is provided with a mixing chamber steam inlet, and the steam injection boiler supplies steam to the steam heating chamber at the head end of the steam heating chamber, and the steam inlet of the routing chamber directly enters the mixing chamber.
  • the front end of the combustion chamber of the above-mentioned dryness riser is provided with a preheating chamber, and the fuel and air are preheated in the preheating chamber, which is beneficial to the atomization combustion of the fuel.
  • the device for improving the steam dryness of the steam injection boiler mentioned in the present invention comprises a high pressure fuel pump, an air compressor, a dryness riser and a dryness riser automatic control system; the steam outlet of the steam injection boiler passes through the steam injection line and the side Through the self-control valve connection, it is directly connected to the steam injection wellhead through the bypass automatic control valve; the other steam outlet is connected to the dryness lifter through the steam inlet automatic control valve, and the steam dryness is further improved by the dryness lifter and then sent to the steam injection
  • the dryness riser automatic control system is connected with the steam injection boiler automatic control system;
  • the high pressure fuel pump, the air compressor, the dryness riser is connected with the igniter and the dryness riser automatic control system;
  • the air compressor is respectively connected with the high pressure fuel nozzle and the high pressure air nozzle on the dryness riser;
  • the gas steam outlet of the dryness riser is connected to the steam injection well port through the gas steam outlet automatic control valve and the single flow valve
  • the dryness lifter mentioned in the present invention comprises a combined spray head, a steam heating chamber, a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber, wherein the combined spray head is provided with a high pressure air nozzle, an igniter, a high pressure fuel nozzle, and the combined spray head Connected to the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber has a cylindrical structure, the steam heating chamber is sleeved on the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, the first end is provided with a steam inlet, and the end is provided with a circular porous nozzle, the combustion The end of the chamber communicates with the annular porous nozzle at the end of the steam heating chamber and communicates with the mixing chamber, and the outlet end of the mixing chamber is provided with a gas vapor outlet.
  • the dryness lifter mentioned in the present invention may also be of such a structure as to include a combined spray head, a steam heating chamber, a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber, wherein the combined spray head is provided with a high pressure air nozzle, an igniter, and a high pressure fuel nozzle.
  • the combined spray head is connected to the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber has a cylindrical structure, the steam heating chamber is sleeved on the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, and the steam inlet is provided at the first end, and the combustion is performed.
  • the end of the chamber communicates with the end of the steam heating chamber and communicates with the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber is provided with a mixing chamber steam inlet at the upper end and a gas vapor outlet at the outlet end.
  • the dryness lifter mentioned in the present invention may also be of such a structure: according to the characteristics of the fuel, a preheating chamber is added at the front end of the combustion chambers of the above two kinds of dryness lifters, which is beneficial to fuel atomization combustion, preheating chamber and
  • the combined nozzle connection, the preheating chamber and the combustion chamber have a cylindrical overall structure, the preheating chamber has an upper and lower corresponding opening, and the high pressure air nozzle, the igniter and the high pressure fuel nozzle communicate with the combustion chamber through the preheating chamber.
  • the preheating chamber, the annular porous nozzle, the mixing chamber steam inlet, and the mixing chamber of the above-mentioned dryness lifter may be fully applied or partially applied in the dryness riser according to specific implementation conditions, for example, the preheating chamber is based on fuel
  • the characteristics can be set or not; the annular porous nozzle at the end of the steam heating chamber and the steam inlet of the mixing chamber can be set individually or completely, and can not be set according to the increase of the volume of the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber can be far or short according to the distance from the wellhead.
  • the present invention is not limited to fuel as a fuel, and may also use gas as a fuel. Of course, a high-pressure gas pump or the like is required accordingly, and conventional changes in the structure are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Structural changes to the dryness riser include, but are not limited to, the several forms described above.
  • the invention has the following advantages: ,
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced by the process and the device is mixed with the steam after the dryness is injected into the oil layer, the heat energy loss is low, the energy heat utilization rate is high, and the environmental pollution caused by the carbon dioxide emission is also avoided;
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced by the process and the device can effectively supplement the formation energy by expanding the nitrogen energy (80%) and carbon dioxide (20%), and the carbon dioxide gas can effectively change the fluid properties of the crude oil in the reservoir.
  • the process and device are reasonable in design, compact in structure, and easy to work with existing steam injection boilers. Under the condition of using the original steam injection boiler, the investment in the superheated steam injection boiler can be increased, and the heavy oil can be improved.
  • the steam dryness of thermal mining can achieve the effect of supercharged mining, which can effectively reduce the mining cost and improve the oil recovery.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a process apparatus of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the first structure of the dryness lifter
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the second structure of the dryness lifter
  • Figure 4 is a third structural schematic view of the dryness lifter
  • Figure 5 is a fourth structural schematic view of the dryness lifter
  • Figure 6 is a fifth structural schematic view of the dryness lifter
  • Figure 7 is a sixth structural schematic view of the dryness lifter
  • Embodiment 1 The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-2:
  • the invention combines the principles of combustion, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, engineering thermodynamics and engineering technology to design a wet-saturated steam with a dryer dryness of 70%-75% using the developed dryness riser. Heating and increasing the dryness to 95%-100%, together with the process of gas injection through the steam injection pipe column to seal the oil layer.
  • the device is mainly composed of a steam injection boiler 1, a dryness riser 4, a high pressure fuel pump 12, an air compressor 13, and a dryness riser automatic control system 10.
  • the steam outlet of the steam injection boiler is connected to the steam inlet automatic control valve 3 and the bypass automatic control valve 8 of the dryness riser 4 through the steam injection pipeline;
  • the steam injection boiler automatic control system 9 is connected with the dryness riser automatic control system 10, wherein the steam injection boiler
  • the automatic control system 9 and the dryness lifter automatic control system 10 are implemented by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail herein;
  • the high pressure fuel pump 12, the air compressor 13, the igniter 4.6 and the dryness lifter automatic control The system 10 is connected;
  • the high pressure fuel pump 12 and the air compressor 13 are respectively connected to the high pressure fuel nozzle 4.7 and the high pressure air nozzle 4.5 provided on the dry lifter combined nozzle 4.4;
  • the steam injection boiler 1 When working, the steam injection boiler 1 is first activated, at which time the steam inlet automatic control valve 3 and the gas steam outlet automatic control valve 6 of the dryness riser are in a closed state, the boiler steam outlet automatic control valve 2 and the bypass The self-control valve 8 is in the open state, and the steam generated by the steam injection boiler is injected into the oil well through the bypass automatic control valve 8.
  • the dryness riser 4 When the parameters of the steam injection boiler are operating normally, the dryness riser 4 is started, and the steam inlet automatic control valve of the dryness lifter is simultaneously turned on. 3 and the vent valve 5, the bypass automatic control valve 8 is closed, the dryness riser 4 controls the high-pressure fuel pump 12 and the air compressor 13 to control the fuel and compressed air in the fuel tank 11 according to the set operating parameters.
  • the fuel and air enter the combustion chamber 4.3 of the dryness riser 4 and are ignited and burned by the igniter 4.6.
  • the program automatically opens the gas steam outlet automatic control valve 6 when the combustion is normal, and closes the venting.
  • Valve 5 into the normal working dryness lifter 4, the steam-smelting boiler provides 70%-75% dry humidity saturated steam to dryness to 95%-100%, mixed with gas Sealed together by injecting steam injection oil column.
  • the combustion chamber 4.3 burns a high temperature of about 2000 °C to heat the steam heating chamber 4.2 around the combustion chamber.
  • the saturated water in the wet saturated steam absorbs heat in the steam heating chamber 4.2 to increase the steam dryness, and the saturated water absorbs heat and vaporizes at the same time.
  • the wet saturated steam with a certain dryness is injected into the mixing chamber 4.10 through the annular porous nozzle 4.9 at the end of the steam heating chamber 4.2, and is fully mixed with the high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the combustion chamber 4.3, wherein most of the saturated water instantaneously absorbs vaporization, steam
  • the dryness is increased again in the mixing chamber 4.10, and the steam dryness can be controlled to be increased to 95%-100% according to the control fuel consumption.
  • the temperature of the gas-steam mixture can be controlled, and the gas-steam mixture is mixed and injected into the oil layer through the gas-steam outlet through the gas-steam outlet.
  • the design parameters and operating parameters of the dryness riser 4 are displayed on the monitor of the automatic control system at any time and are automatically recorded and stored.
  • the dryness riser is mainly composed of a combined spray head 4.4, a steam heating chamber 4.2, a combustion chamber 4.3 and a mixing chamber 4.10, wherein the combined spray head 4.4 is provided with a high pressure air nozzle 4.5, an igniter 4.6, and a high pressure fuel nozzle 4.7.
  • the combined spray head 4.4 is connected to the combustion chamber 4.3, the combustion chamber 4.3 is a cylindrical structure, the steam heating chamber 4.2 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the combustion chamber 4.3, and the steam inlet 4.1 is provided at the first end.
  • the end is provided with an annular porous nozzle 4.9
  • the end of the combustion chamber 4.3 communicates with the annular porous nozzle 4.9 at the end of the steam heating chamber 4.2 and communicates with the mixing chamber 4.10
  • the outlet end of the mixing chamber 4.10 is provided with a gas vapor outlet 4.11, and the outlet is vented
  • the valve 5, the gas steam self-control valve 6 and the single flow valve 7 are connected to the steam injection line.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 The present invention will be further described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3:
  • annular heating nozzle 4.9 is removed from the end of the steam heating chamber 4.2 of the dryness riser 4, and a mixing chamber steam inlet 4.12 is added to the upper end of the mixing chamber 4.10.
  • the steam inlet 4.1 enters the steam heating chamber 4.2 and directly enters the mixing chamber 4.10.
  • This solution also allows the gas steam to be thoroughly mixed to increase the steam dryness to 95%-100% without affecting the implementation of the object of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the end of the steam heating chamber 4.2 of the dryness lifter 4 has the annular porous nozzle 4.9 removed, and the mixing chamber 4.10 is extended to the outside to lengthen the volume, so that the gas from the combustion chamber and the injection are made.
  • the steam of the steam boiler is thoroughly mixed to increase the steam dryness to 95%-100%.
  • the mixing chamber here may also be horn, conical or cylindrical, and is not limited to the structure in the figure. This solution also allows the gas steam to be thoroughly mixed without affecting the implementation of the object of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The present invention will be further described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG.
  • the preheating chamber 4.8, the annular porous nozzle 4.9, the mixing chamber steam inlet 4.12, and the mixing chamber 4.10 of the above-mentioned dryness lifter 4 may be applied or partially applied in the dryness lifter 4 according to specific implementation conditions, for example
  • the preheating chamber 4.8 may or may not be provided according to the characteristics of the fuel;
  • the annular porous nozzle 4.9 at the end of the steam heating chamber 4.2 and the steam inlet 4.12 of the mixing chamber may be provided separately or completely, and may not be provided according to the volume of the mixing chamber 4.10.
  • the mixing chamber 4.10 may not be set or set according to the distance from the wellhead; in addition, the present invention is not limited to fuel as a fuel, and may also use gas as a fuel.
  • a high-pressure gas pump, a gas pipeline, etc. are required.
  • a fuel tank or the like is not required, and its structure is well known to those skilled in the art.

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Abstract

公开了一种提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法及装置。该方法包括将注汽锅炉（1）出口的湿饱和蒸汽通过干度提升器（4）提高干度后与干度提升器（4）产生的燃气一起密闭注入油层。该干度提升器（4）包括组合式喷头（4.4）、蒸汽加热室（4.2）、燃烧室（4.3）和混合室（4.10）。燃烧室（4.3）产生的高温高压燃气进入混合室（4.10），与来自注汽锅炉（1）的蒸汽在混合室（4.10）充分混合。该提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法及装置可把注汽锅炉（1）出口的湿饱和蒸汽干度提高到95%-100%，起到提高蒸汽的热焓、补充底层能量、扩大蒸汽波及体积的作用，从而能更有效地加热油层，提高稠油的开发效果。

Description

提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种稠油热力开采技术领域， 特别涉及一种提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法 及装置， 用以减少热损失、 提高注汽干度、 增加蒸汽热焓、 补充地层能量、 提高原油采收 率。
背景技术
目前国内外开采稠油的主要手段是热力开采， 热力开采是将热能注入油层， 提高油层 温度， 降低原油黏度， 增强原油的流动性， 达到开发生产的目的。 蒸汽发生器 （直流注汽 锅炉）是目前国内外稠油开采的专用设备， 目前国内约有 2000余台， 其中蒸汽干度是影响 注汽开发效果的重要指标， 蒸汽干度越高， 蒸汽热焓越高， 蒸汽在油藏的波及体积越大， 开发效果越好。 目前注汽锅炉由于受自身结构、 给水水质的限制， 锅炉出口蒸汽干度只能 达到 70%-75%，注入井底的蒸汽干度因井筒热损失，仅剩 30%-40%，严重影响了热采效果。 为了提高蒸汽干度， 目前有设计一种过热注汽锅炉的方法， 其原理是： 锅炉出口蒸汽进入 锅炉本体外设的球形汽水分离器进行汽水分离， 分离出的高干度蒸汽再回到注汽锅炉的过 热段加热成过热蒸汽， 过热蒸汽再流经注汽锅炉本体外设的喷水减温器与球形汽水分离器 分离出的饱和盐水混合， 饱和水得以汽化提高干度， 然后注入井下， 该方法虽然避开了受 热区析盐问题， 同时也提高了蒸汽干度， 但结构复杂， 辅助设施多， 控制繁琐， 生产成本 高， 如替换现有注汽锅炉， 会造成原有设备严重浪费， 并且投资巨大。
另外， 稠油热采方式主要以蒸汽吞吐和蒸汽驱为主， 属降压开采， 随着吞吐轮次的增 加和蒸汽驱时间的延长， 地层能量亏空严重， 开发效果变差， 采收率低， 注汽锅炉本身无 法解决地层能量亏空问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术存在的上述缺陷， 提供一种提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的 方法及装置， 用以提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度、 增加蒸汽热焓、 补充地层能量， 提高原油采收 率。
一种提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法， 包括以下： 注汽锅炉出口的湿饱和蒸汽通过干度 提升器提高干度后与干度提升器产生的燃气一起密闭注入油层；
其中， 所述的干度提升器包括组合式喷头、 蒸汽加热室、 燃烧室和混合室， 通过干度 提升器自控系统控制高压燃油泵和空气压縮机向燃烧室提供燃油和空气， 燃油和空气进入 燃烧室点火燃烧， 同时锅炉出口的湿饱和蒸汽进入干度提升器的蒸汽加热室， 湿饱和蒸汽 在蒸汽加热室中被燃烧室燃烧产生的高温加热， 燃烧室产生的高温高压燃气进入混合室， 与来自蒸汽加热室提高了一定干度的湿饱和蒸汽在混合室充分混合， 湿饱和蒸汽再次提高 干度， 通过干度提升器自控系统控制燃油量可将湿饱和蒸汽干度可提高到 95%-100%， 同 ， 。 上述的干度提升器的蒸汽加热室的首端设有蒸汽入口， 末端设有环形多孔喷嘴， 燃烧 室末端与蒸汽加热室末端的环形多孔喷嘴相通并连通混合室。
上述的干度提升器的混合室的上端增设了一路混合室蒸汽入口， 注汽锅炉供给蒸汽一 路由蒸汽加热室首端的蒸汽入口进入蒸汽加热室，一路由混合室蒸汽入口直接进入混合室。
上述的干度提升器的燃烧室的前端增设预热室， 燃油和空气在预热室预热， 利于燃油 雾化燃烧。
本发明提到的提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的装置， 包括高压燃油泵、 空气压縮机、 干度提 升器、 干度提升器自控系统； 注汽锅炉的蒸汽出口一路通过注汽管线与旁通自控阀连接， 通过旁通自控阀直接与注汽井口连接； 蒸汽出口的另一路通过蒸汽入口自控阀与干度提升 器连接， 通过干度提升器对蒸汽干度进一步提升后送入注汽井口， 所述的干度提升器自控 系统与注汽锅炉自控系统连接； 高压燃油泵、 空气压縮机、 干度提升器上设的点火器与干 度提升器自控系统连接； 高压燃油泵、 空气压縮机又分别与干度提升器上的高压燃油喷嘴 和高压空气喷嘴连接； 干度提升器的燃气蒸汽出口通过燃气蒸汽出口自控阀、 单流阀与注 汽井口连接。
本发明提到的干度提升器， 包括组合式喷头、 蒸汽加热室、 燃烧室和混合室， 所述的 组合式喷头设有高压空气喷嘴、点火器、高压燃油喷嘴， 所述的组合式喷头与燃烧室连接， 所述的燃烧室为圆筒形结构， 所述的蒸汽加热室以环形设计套在燃烧室的外围， 首端设有 蒸汽入口， 末端设有环形多孔喷嘴， 所述的燃烧室末端与蒸汽加热室末端的环形多孔喷嘴 相通并连通混合室， 混合室的出口端设有燃气蒸汽出口。
本发明提到的干度提升器， 还可以是这样的结构： 包括组合式喷头、 蒸汽加热室、 燃 烧室和混合室， 所述的组合式喷头设有高压空气喷嘴、 点火器、 高压燃油喷嘴， 所述的组 合式喷头与燃烧室连接， 所述的燃烧室为圆筒形结构， 所述的蒸汽加热室以环形设计套在 燃烧室的外围， 首端设有蒸汽入口， 所述的燃烧室末端与蒸汽加热室的末端相通并连通混 合室， 所述的混合室上端设有混合室蒸汽入口， 出口端设有燃气蒸汽出口。
本发明提到的干度提升器， 还可以是这样的结构： 根据燃料的特点， 在上述两种干度 提升器的燃烧室的前端增设预热室， 利于燃油雾化燃烧， 预热室与组合式喷头连接， 所述 的预热室与燃烧室为圆筒形整体结构， 预热室上下对应开孔， 高压空气喷嘴、 点火器和高 压燃油喷嘴经预热室连通燃烧室。
以上干度提升器的几种方案涉及的预热室、 环形多孔喷嘴、 混合室蒸汽入口、 混合室 在干度提升器中根据具体实施条件可以全部应用或部分应用， 例如预热室根据燃料的特点 可设或不设； 蒸汽加热室末端的环形多孔喷嘴和混合室蒸汽入口可单设或全设， 又可根据 混合室容积的加大都不设， 当然， 混合室根据离井口的距离远近可不设或设置； 还有本发 明不仅局限于燃油作为燃料， 也可以采用燃气作为燃料， 当然， 相应的就需要采用高压燃 气泵等， 其结构的常规变化均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
干度提升器的结构变化包括但不限于以上所述的几种形式。
本发明与现有技术相比， 具有以下优点： ，
和蒸汽提高到 95%— 100%，提高了蒸汽的热焓，更加有效地加热油层，提高稠油开发效果；
2、该工艺方法及装置产生的高温高压燃气与提高干度后的蒸汽混合注入油层，热能损 失低， 能源热利用率高， 还避免了二氧化碳排放导致的环境污染；
3、 该工艺方法及装置产生的高温高压燃气中氮气 （80%)、 二氧化碳 （20%) 可有效 补充地层能量，扩大蒸汽波及体积，其中二氧化碳气体可以有效改变油藏原油的流体性质， 起到降粘和降凝的作用， 提高稠油采收率；
4、该工艺方法及装置设计合理， 结构紧凑， 易与现有注汽锅炉配合进行流动作业， 在 利用原有注汽锅炉的条件下， 不新增投资过热注汽锅炉， 即可提高稠油热力开采的蒸汽干 度并达到增压开采的效果， 可有效降低开采成本， 提高油藏采收率。
附图说明
附图 1是本发明方法的工艺装置流程图；
附图 2是干度提升器的第一种结构示意图；
附图 3是干度提升器的第二种结构示意图；
附图 4是干度提升器的第三种结构示意图；
附图 5是干度提升器的第四种结构示意图；
附图 6是干度提升器的第五种结构示意图；
附图 7是干度提升器的第六种结构示意图；
上图中： 注汽锅炉 1、 锅炉蒸汽出口自控阀 2、 蒸汽入口自控阀 3、 干度提升器 4、 放空阀 5、 燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 6、 单流阀 7、 旁通自控阀 8、 注汽锅炉自控系统 9、 干度提升器自控系统 10、 燃油罐 11、 高压燃油泵 12、 空气压縮机 13、 注汽井口 14; 蒸汽入口 4.1、 蒸汽加热室 4.2、 燃烧室 4.3、组合式喷头 4.4 高压空气喷嘴 4.5、 点 火器 4.6、 高压燃油喷嘴 4.7、 预热室 4.8、 环形多孔喷嘴 4.9 混合室 4.10、 燃气蒸汽 出口 4.11 混合室蒸汽入口 4.12。
具体实施方式
实施例 1 : 结合附图 1-2， 对本发明作进一步的描述：
本发明利用燃烧学、 流体力学、 传热学、 工程热力学的原理与工程技术相结合， 设计 一种利用研制的干度提升器将注汽锅炉出口干度为 70%-75%的湿饱和蒸汽加热并提高干 度至 95%-100%， 连同燃气通过注汽管柱一起密闭注入油层的工艺方法。 该装置主要由注 汽锅炉 1、 干度提升器 4、 高压燃油泵 12、 空气压縮机 13、 干度提升器自控系统 10构成。 注汽锅炉蒸汽出口通过注汽管线与干度提升器 4的蒸汽入口自控阀 3和旁通自控阀 8连接; 注汽锅炉自控系统 9与干度提升器自控系统 10连接，其中，注汽锅炉自控系统 9与干度提 升器自控系统 10 为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规技术实现， 此处不再详述； 高压燃油泵 12、 空气压縮机 13、 点火器 4.6与干度提升器自控系统 10连接； 高压燃油泵 12、 空气压 縮机 13又分别与干度提升器组合式喷头 4.4上设的高压燃油喷嘴 4.7和高压空气喷嘴 4.5 连接； 干度提升器 4上设的燃气蒸汽出口 4.11与放空阀 5、 燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 6、 单流 。
该工艺方法是这样实施的： 工作时， 首先启动注汽锅炉 1， 此时干度提升器的蒸汽入口 自控阀 3和燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 6处于关闭状态， 锅炉蒸汽出口自控阀 2和旁通自控阀 8 处于开启状态， 注汽锅炉产生的蒸汽通过旁通自控阀 8向油井注汽， 待注汽锅炉参数运行 正常， 启动干度提升器 4， 同时开启干度提升器的蒸汽入口自控阀 3和放空阀 5， 关闭旁通 自控阀 8，干度提升器 4按设定工作参数， 由自控系统控制高压燃油泵 12和空气压縮机 13 将燃油罐 11中的燃油和压縮的空气提供给干度提升器 4，燃油和空气进入干度提升器 4的 燃烧室 4.3后由点火器 4.6点火燃烧， 经 20s的自动检测，燃烧正常时程序自动开启燃气蒸 汽出口自控阀 6，关闭放空阀 5，进入正常工作的干度提升器 4把注汽锅炉提供的 70%-75% 干度的湿饱和蒸汽提高干度至 95%-100%， 与燃气混合通过注汽管柱一起密闭注入油层。
干度提升器 4启动后经 20s的自动检测有故障或不正常， 自动关闭高压燃油泵 12和空 气压縮机 13， 同时关闭蒸汽入口自控阀 3和燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 6， 开启放空阀 5和旁通 自控阀 8， 同时监控系统在显示屏上显示故障点， 重新启动与上述程序相同。 燃烧室 4.3 燃烧产生的 2000°C左右高温加热燃烧室外围的蒸汽加热室 4.2， 湿饱和蒸汽中的饱和水在 蒸汽加热室 4.2中吸热汽化提高蒸汽干度，饱和水吸热汽化的同时也是给燃烧室 4.3外壁降 温的过程， 因饱和水的汽化潜热较大， 而且吸热汽化过程中蒸汽温度不变， 燃烧室 4.3外 壁的温度不会过高， 可保障干度提升器 4的燃烧室 4.3不被烧蚀并长期安全运行。 提高了 一定干度的湿饱和蒸汽经蒸汽加热室 4.2末端的环形多孔喷嘴 4.9喷射进入混合室 4.10与 燃烧室 4.3产生的高温高压燃气充分混合， 其中的饱和水绝大部分瞬间吸热汽化， 蒸汽干 度在混合室 4.10中再次提高， 根据控制燃油用量可控制将蒸汽干度提高到 95%-100%。 同 时也可控制燃气蒸汽混合后的温度，燃气蒸汽混合后经燃气蒸汽出口 4.11通过注汽管线一 起密闭注入油层。 干度提升器 4的设计参数和工作参数随时显示在自动控制系统的监视器 上并自动记录储存。
其中， 干度提升器主要由组合式喷头 4.4、 蒸汽加热室 4.2、 燃烧室 4.3和混合室 4.10 构成， 所述的组合式喷头 4.4设有高压空气喷嘴 4.5、 点火器 4.6、 高压燃油喷嘴 4.7， 所述 的组合式喷头 4.4与燃烧室 4.3连接， 所述的燃烧室 4.3为圆筒形结构， 所述的蒸汽加热室 4.2以环形设计套在燃烧室 4.3的外围，首端设有蒸汽入口 4.1，末端设有环形多孔喷嘴 4.9， 所述的燃烧室 4.3末端与蒸汽加热室 4.2末端的环形多孔喷嘴 4.9相通并连通混合室 4.10， 混合室 4.10的出口端设有燃气蒸汽出口 4.11， 出口通过放空阀 5、 燃气蒸汽自控阀 6和单 流阀 7连接注汽管线。
实施例 2:
结合附图 1、 附图 3， 对本发明作进一步的描述：
本实施例与实施例 1的区别在于干度提升器 4的蒸汽加热室 4.2末端去掉了环形多孔喷 嘴 4.9， 在混合室 4.10的上端增设了一路混合室蒸汽入口 4.12， 注汽锅炉供给蒸汽一路由 蒸汽入口 4.1进入蒸汽加热室 4.2， 一路直接进入混合室 4.10， 该方案亦可使燃气蒸汽充分 混合， 将蒸汽干度提高到 95%-100%， 并不影响本发明目的的实施。
实施例 3 : 、 ， ：
本实施例与实施例 1的区别在于干度提升器 4的蒸汽加热室 4.2末端去掉了环形多孔 喷嘴 4.9， 混合室 4.10向外侧延伸加长， 使容积加大， 使来自燃烧室的燃气和来自注汽锅 炉的蒸汽充分混合， 将蒸汽干度提高到 95%-100%， 当然， 此处的混合室也可以为喇叭形、 圆锥形或者圆柱形， 不仅限于图中的结构。 该方案亦可使燃气蒸汽充分混合， 并不影响本 发明目的的实施。
实施例 4:
结合附图 1、 附图 5、 附图 6、 附图 7， 对本发明作进一步的描述：
本实施例与实施例 1的区别在于根据燃料的特点，干度提升器 4的燃烧室 4.3前端增设 了预热室 4.8， 其他结构变化本实施方式可以与实施方式 2、 实施方式 3的结构变化一致， 并不影响本发明目的的实施。
以上干度提升器 4的几种方案涉及的预热室 4.8、 环形多孔喷嘴 4.9、 混合室蒸汽入口 4.12、 混合室 4.10在干度提升器 4中根据具体实施条件可以全部应用或部分应用， 例如预 热室 4.8根据燃料的特点可设或不设；蒸汽加热室 4.2末端的环形多孔喷嘴 4.9和混合室蒸 汽入口 4.12可单设或全设， 又可根据混合室 4.10容积的加大都不设， 当然， 混合室 4.10 根据离井口的距离远近可不设或设置； 另外， 本发明不仅局限于燃油作为燃料， 也可以采 用燃气作为燃料， 当然， 相应的就需要采用高压燃气泵、燃气管线等， 而不需要燃油罐等， 其结构为本领域技术人员所熟知。
干度提升器 4的结构变化包含但不仅限于以上实施例和附图提供的几种形式， 其结构 的常规变换也尽属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法， 其特征是： 注汽锅炉出口的湿饱和蒸汽通过干 度提升器提高干度后与干度提升器产生的燃气一起密闭注入油层；
所述的干度提升器 （4) 包括组合式喷头 （4.4)、 蒸汽加热室 （4.2)、 燃烧室 （4.3 ) 和 混合室（4.10)， 通过干度提升器自控系统（10)控制高压燃油泵（12)和空气压縮机（13 ) 向燃烧室（4.3 )提供燃油和空气， 燃油和空气进入燃烧室（4.3 )点火燃烧， 同时锅炉出口 的湿饱和蒸汽进入干度提升器 （4) 的蒸汽加热室 （4.2)， 湿饱和蒸汽在蒸汽加热室 （4.2) 中被燃烧室 （4.3 ) 燃烧产生的高温加热， 燃烧室 （4.3 ) 产生的高温高压燃气进入混合室 (4.10)， 与来自蒸汽加热室 （4.2)提高了一定干度的湿饱和蒸汽在混合室 （4.10) 充分混 合， 湿饱和蒸汽再次提高干度， 通过干度提升器自控系统 （10) 控制燃油量可将湿饱和蒸 汽干度可提高到 95%-100%， 同时也可控制燃气蒸汽混合后的温度， 混合后的燃气蒸汽通 过注汽管柱一起密闭注入油层。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法，其特征是包括以下详细步骤:
(a) 首先启动注汽锅炉 （1 )， 此时蒸汽入口自控阀 （3 ) 和燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 （6) 处于关闭状态， 锅炉蒸汽出口自控阀 （2) 和旁通自控阀 （8) 处于开启状态， 注汽锅炉产 生的蒸汽通过旁通自控阀 （8) 向油井注汽；
(b) 待注汽锅炉参数运行正常， 启动干度提升器， 同时开启蒸汽入口自控阀 （3 ) 和 放空阀 （5 )， 关闭旁通自控阀 （8)， 干度提升器按设定工作参数， 由干度提升器自控系统
( 10) 控制高压燃油泵 （12) 和空气压縮机 （13 ) 将燃油罐 （11 ) 中的燃油和压縮的空气 提供给干度提升器（4)，燃油和空气进入干度提升器（4)的燃烧室（4.3 )后由点火器（4.6) 点火燃烧， 经检测燃烧正常时， 开启燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 （6)， 关闭放空阀 （5 )， 进入正 常工作的干度提升器把注汽锅炉提供的湿饱和蒸汽提高干度至 95%-100%， 与干度提升器
(4) 燃烧产生的燃气混合后通过注汽管柱一起密闭注入油层。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法， 其特征是： 所述的干度 提升器（4)的蒸汽加热室（4.2)的首端设有蒸汽入口（4.1 )，末端设有环形多孔喷嘴（4.9)， 燃烧室（4.3 )末端与蒸汽加热室（4.2)末端的环形多孔喷嘴（4.9)相通并连通混合室（4.10)。
4、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法， 其特征是： 所述的干度 提升器（4) 的混合室（4.10) 的上端增设了一路混合室蒸汽入口 （4.12)， 注汽锅炉供给蒸 汽一路由蒸汽加热室 （4.2) 首端的蒸汽入口 （4.1 )进入蒸汽加热室 （4.2)， 一路由混合室 蒸汽入口 （4.12) 直接进入混合室 （4.10)。
5、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法， 其特征是： 所述 的干度提升器 （4) 的燃烧室 （4.3 ) 的前端增设预热室 （4.8)， 燃油和空气在预热室预热， 利于燃油雾化燃烧。
6、 一种提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的装置， 其特征是： 包括高压燃油泵 （12)、 空气压縮 机（13 )、 干度提升器（4)、 干度提升器自控系统（10); 注汽锅炉 （1 ) 的蒸汽出口一路通 过注汽管线与旁通自控阀 （8) 连接， 通过旁通自控阀 （8) 直接与注汽井口 （14) 连接； 蒸 ^1^0^51^通过蒸汽入口自控阀（3)与干度提升器（4)连接? ^S^ ^ ^ (4) 对蒸汽干度进一步提升后送入注汽井口 （14)， 所述的干度提升器自控系统（10)与注汽锅 炉自控系统 （9) 连接； 高压燃油泵 （12)、 空气压縮机 （13)、 干度提升器 （4) 上设的点 火器 （4.6) 与干度提升器自控系统 （10) 连接； 高压燃油泵 （12)、 空气压縮机 （13) 又 分别与干度提升器 （4) 上的高压燃油喷嘴 （4.7) 和高压空气喷嘴 （4.5) 连接； 干度提升 器 （4) 的燃气蒸汽出口 （4.11) 通过燃气蒸汽出口自控阀 （6)、 单流阀 （7) 与注汽井口 (14) 连接。
7、 一种用于权利要求 1、 2或 6的干度提升器， 其特征是： 包括组合式喷头 （4.4)、 蒸汽加热室 （4.2)、 燃烧室 （4.3)和混合室 （4.10)， 所述的组合式喷头 （4.4)设有高压空 气喷嘴（4.5)、点火器（4.6)、高压燃油喷嘴（4.7)，所述的组合式喷头（4.4)与燃烧室（4.3) 连接， 所述的燃烧室（4.3)为圆筒形结构， 所述的蒸汽加热室（4.2) 以环形设计套在燃烧 室 （4.3) 的外围， 首端设有蒸汽入口 （4.1)， 末端设有环形多孔喷嘴 （4.9)， 所述的燃烧 室（4.3)末端与蒸汽加热室 （4.2)末端的环形多孔喷嘴（4.9)相通并连通混合室 （4.10)， 混合室 （4.10) 的出口端设有燃气蒸汽出口 （4.11)。
8、 一种用于权利要求 1、 2或 6的干度提升器， 其特征是： 包括组合式喷头 （4.4)、 蒸汽加热室 （4.2)、 燃烧室 （4.3)和混合室 （4.10)， 所述的组合式喷头 （4.4)设有高压空 气喷嘴（4.5)、点火器（4.6)、高压燃油喷嘴（4.7)，所述的组合式喷头（4.4)与燃烧室（4.3) 连接， 所述的燃烧室（4.3)为圆筒形结构， 所述的蒸汽加热室（4.2) 以环形设计套在燃烧 室（4.3)的外围， 首端设有蒸汽入口 （4.1)， 所述的燃烧室（4.3)末端与蒸汽加热室（4.2) 的末端相通并连通混合室（4.10)， 所述的混合室（4.10)上端设有混合室蒸汽入口 （4.12)， 出口端设有燃气蒸汽出口 （4.11)。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的干度提升器， 其特征是： 所述的燃烧室 （4.3) 的前端增设 预热室（4.8)，预热室（4.8)与组合式喷头（4.4)连接，所述的预热室（4.8)与燃烧室（4.3) 为圆筒形整体结构， 预热室 （4.8) 上下对应开孔， 高压空气喷嘴 （4.5)、 点火器 （4.6)和 高压燃油喷嘴 （4.7) 经预热室 （4.8) 连通燃烧室 （4.3)。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的干度提升器， 其特征是： 所述的燃烧室 （4.3) 的前端增设 预热室（4.8)，预热室（4.8)与组合式喷头（4.4)连接，所述的预热室（4.8)与燃烧室（4.3) 为圆筒形整体结构， 预热室 （4.8) 上下对应开孔， 高压空气喷嘴 （4.5)、 点火器 （4.6)和 高压燃油喷嘴 （4.7) 经预热室 （4.8) 连通燃烧室 （4.3)。
PCT/CN2013/078798 2012-08-13 2013-07-04 提高注汽锅炉蒸汽干度的方法及装置 WO2014026515A1 (zh)

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