WO2014024546A1 - プラズマ処理装置、および高周波発生器 - Google Patents
プラズマ処理装置、および高周波発生器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014024546A1 WO2014024546A1 PCT/JP2013/064876 JP2013064876W WO2014024546A1 WO 2014024546 A1 WO2014024546 A1 WO 2014024546A1 JP 2013064876 W JP2013064876 W JP 2013064876W WO 2014024546 A1 WO2014024546 A1 WO 2014024546A1
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- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/32229—Waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32128—Radio frequency generated discharge using particular waveforms, e.g. polarised waves
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- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
- H01J37/3211—Antennas, e.g. particular shapes of coils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/321—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being inductively coupled to the plasma
- H01J37/32119—Windows
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/3222—Antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32211—Means for coupling power to the plasma
- H01J37/32247—Resonators
- H01J37/32256—Tuning means
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32192—Microwave generated discharge
- H01J37/32311—Circuits specially adapted for controlling the microwave discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
- H05H1/4622—Microwave discharges using waveguides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/327—Arrangements for generating the plasma
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/332—Coating
- H01J2237/3321—CVD [Chemical Vapor Deposition]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/334—Etching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasma processing apparatus and a high-frequency generator, and more particularly to a high-frequency generator that generates microwaves and a plasma processing apparatus that generates plasma using microwaves.
- Semiconductor elements such as LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) and MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistors, liquid crystal displays (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display), organic EL (Electro Luminescence) elements, etc. It is manufactured by performing processes such as etching, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), and sputtering.
- processing such as etching, CVD, and sputtering, there are processing methods using plasma as its energy supply source, that is, plasma etching, plasma CVD, plasma sputtering, and the like.
- a magnetron may be used as a high-frequency generation source when generating microwaves.
- a magnetron can be configured at a relatively low cost and can output high power, so that it is effectively used as a generation source for generating microwaves.
- Techniques relating to magnetron are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-94214 (Patent Document 1), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-82172 (Patent Document 2), and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-283678 (Patent Document 3). .
- the magnetron oscillator is provided with a reference signal supply unit and an impedance generator, and the load impedance of the magnetron is adjusted. Further, according to Patent Document 2, a nonreciprocal member is provided in the magnetron oscillation device. Further, according to Patent Document 3, in a magnetron oscillation device, a deviation from a desired oscillation frequency is detected and a deviation signal is generated, and a drive voltage at which the oscillation frequency of the magnetron becomes a desired frequency is generated based on the deviation signal. To output to the impedance generator.
- the magnetron as a microwave generation source is composed of a machined product such as a filament, an anode vane that constitutes the anode side, a cavity resonance part, and the like. If it does so, in the magnetron manufactured by assembling such a machined product, variation among the manufactured magnetrons, a so-called machine difference will occur. Here, it is of course desirable that the difference between the plurality of magnetrons and the influence on the characteristics of the magnetron based on the difference be as small as possible.
- the waveform of the fundamental frequency between the magnetrons that is, the position of the peak in the shape of the spectrum to be formed, or the so-called peak tail
- the narrowness of the area is slightly different but not greatly different. That is, in the waveform of the fundamental frequency of each magnetron, an ideal waveform having a steep peak and a narrow skirt region is obtained and falls within an allowable range of machine differences in each magnetron.
- the set power value for generating microwaves is low, the degree of variation in the fundamental frequency waveform between the magnetrons tends to increase.
- the state of the magnetron changes as soon as it is used as compared to the so-called initial state. For example, there is a change in the oscillation state caused by the consumption of the surface carbide layer of the thorium tungsten alloy that is a material constituting the filament. If the state of the magnetron changes, the use in a range where the set power is low has a more significant effect on the waveform of the fundamental frequency, which may affect the plasma processing.
- a plasma processing apparatus is a plasma processing apparatus that performs processing on an object to be processed using plasma, and that is disposed outside a processing container that performs processing using plasma inside the plasma processing apparatus. And a plasma generation mechanism for generating plasma in the processing container using the high frequency generated by the high frequency generator.
- the high-frequency generator includes a high-frequency oscillator that oscillates a high frequency, a power supply unit that supplies power to the high-frequency oscillator, a waveguide that propagates the high-frequency oscillated by the high-frequency oscillator to the processing container side that is the load side,
- the voltage standing wave ratio (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio: hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “VSWR”) is variable according to the electric power supplied from the power supply unit. Variable mechanism.
- the voltage standing wave ratio of the voltage standing wave formed in the waveguide is changed according to the power supplied from the power supply unit by the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism included in the high frequency generator. Can be changed. Then, for example, when the power supplied from the power supply unit is low power, the voltage standing wave ratio is relatively high, and the shape of the peak in the waveform of the fundamental frequency is narrowed and the peak is sharp. It can be. That is, even with low power, an ideal fundamental frequency waveform can be obtained. In this case, if the waveform has a fundamental frequency with a sharp peak and a narrow peak region, even if the position of the peak is slightly different, a stable constant is obtained in the subsequent matching process with the plasma load.
- An electromagnetic field can be formed based on the formation of a standing wave or a stable standing wave.
- stable and uniform plasma can be generated in the processing vessel as a result, and the influence of the machine difference on the process can be reduced. Therefore, stable plasma can be generated even when the set power of the high-frequency generator is low when plasma processing is performed. As a result, more stable plasma can be generated in a wide range from low power to high power, and a wide process condition can be constructed. That is, in the high frequency generator provided in the plasma processing apparatus, not only high power but also low power process construction is possible.
- the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism includes a stub mechanism that is provided in the waveguide and has a rod-shaped member that is movable in the radial direction, a driver that moves the rod-shaped member, and a control mechanism that controls the movement of the rod-shaped member. You may comprise.
- a plurality of rod-like members may be provided with a gap in the direction in which the high frequency travels.
- the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism may be configured to control the voltage standing wave ratio to be high if the power supplied from the power supply unit to the high frequency oscillator is lower than a predetermined value.
- the high-frequency generator includes a directional coupler that is provided in the waveguide and branches a part of the traveling wave traveling in the waveguide and the reflected wave from the load side, and the control mechanism includes the directional coupler.
- the stub member may be configured to be movable based on the traveling wave power signal and the reflected wave power signal obtained from the above.
- the plasma generation mechanism may be configured to include a 4E tuner including four movable short-circuit plates provided at intervals in the high-frequency traveling direction.
- the waveguide includes a launcher from which a high frequency oscillated by a high frequency oscillator is derived, and an isolator that is provided downstream of the launcher and transmits a frequency signal in one direction from the high frequency oscillator to the load side.
- the launcher or the downstream side of the launcher and the upstream side of the isolator may be provided.
- the plasma generation mechanism includes a dielectric window that transmits a high frequency generated by the high frequency oscillator into the processing container, and a slot antenna plate that is provided with a plurality of slot holes and radiates the high frequency to the dielectric window. You may comprise.
- the plasma generated by the plasma generation mechanism may be generated by a radial line slot antenna.
- a high frequency generator in another aspect of the present invention, includes a high frequency oscillator that oscillates a high frequency, a power supply unit that supplies power to the high frequency oscillator, and a high frequency oscillated by the high frequency oscillator that propagates to a processing vessel side that is a load side. And a voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism that varies a voltage standing wave ratio of a voltage standing wave formed in the waveguide by a high frequency in accordance with electric power supplied from a power supply unit.
- the voltage standing wave ratio of the voltage standing wave formed in the waveguide is supplied from the power supply unit by the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism included in the high frequency generator. It can be changed according to the power to be used. Then, for example, when the power supplied from the power supply unit is low power, the voltage standing wave ratio is relatively high, and the shape of the peak in the waveform of the fundamental frequency is narrowed and the peak is sharp. It can be. That is, even with low power, an ideal fundamental frequency waveform can be obtained. In this case, if the waveform has a fundamental frequency with a sharp peak and a narrow peak region, even if the position of the peak is slightly different, a stable constant is obtained in the subsequent matching process with the plasma load.
- An electromagnetic field can be formed based on the formation of a standing wave or a stable standing wave.
- stable and uniform plasma can be generated in the processing vessel as a result, and the influence of machine difference can be reduced. Therefore, stable plasma can be generated even when the set power of the high-frequency generator is low when plasma processing is performed. As a result, more stable plasma can be generated in a wide range from low power to high power, and a wide process condition can be constructed.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the plasma processing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which looked at the slot antenna board contained in the plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 from the direction of arrow II in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the microwave generator contained in the plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the periphery of 4E tuner contained in a microwave generator. It is a schematic diagram which shows the surrounding structure of the magnetron contained in a microwave generator. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the anode current and the output power of a microwave when a VSWR is set to 1.5 and a VSWR is set to 7.0 in a certain magnetron.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing a relationship between microwave set power and anode current based on a difference between a plurality of magnetrons, and the microwave set power (W) ranges from 400 (W) to 1000 (with respect to the graph of FIG. W) is enlarged.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a main part of a plasma processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a view of the slot antenna plate included in the plasma processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the lower side, that is, from the direction of arrow II in FIG. In FIG. 1, some of the members are not hatched for easy understanding.
- the vertical direction in FIG. 1 indicated by the direction indicated by arrow II in FIG. 1 or the opposite direction is the vertical direction in the plasma processing apparatus.
- the plasma processing apparatus 11 processes a target substrate W that is a target to be processed using plasma. Specifically, processes such as etching, CVD, and sputtering are performed.
- a substrate to be processed W for example, a silicon substrate used for manufacturing a semiconductor element can be cited.
- the plasma processing apparatus 11 includes a processing container 12 that performs processing on the target substrate W with plasma therein, and a gas supply unit 13 that supplies a gas for plasma excitation and a gas for plasma processing into the processing container 12.
- a disk-shaped holding table 14 provided in the processing container 12 and holding the substrate W to be processed thereon, a plasma generating mechanism 19 for generating plasma in the processing container 12 using microwaves, and plasma processing
- a control unit 15 controls the operation of the entire apparatus 11.
- the control unit 15 controls the entire plasma processing apparatus 11 such as the gas flow rate in the gas supply unit 13 and the pressure in the processing container 12.
- the processing container 12 includes a bottom portion 21 located on the lower side of the holding table 14 and a side wall 22 extending upward from the outer periphery of the bottom portion 21.
- the side wall 22 is substantially cylindrical.
- An exhaust hole 23 for exhaust is provided in the bottom portion 21 of the processing container 12 so as to penetrate a part thereof.
- the upper side of the processing container 12 is open, and a lid 24 disposed on the upper side of the processing container 12, a dielectric window 16 described later, and a seal member interposed between the dielectric window 16 and the lid 24.
- the processing container 12 is configured to be hermetically sealed by the O-ring 25.
- the gas supply unit 13 includes a first gas supply unit 26 that blows gas toward the center of the substrate to be processed W, and a second gas supply unit 27 that blows gas from the outside of the substrate to be processed W.
- the gas supply hole 30 a that supplies gas in the first gas supply unit 26 is more dielectric than the lower surface 28 of the dielectric window 16 that is the center in the radial direction of the dielectric window 16 and that faces the holding table 14. It is provided at a position retracted inward of the body window 16.
- the first gas supply unit 26 supplies an inert gas for plasma excitation and a gas for plasma processing while adjusting a flow rate and the like by a gas supply system 29 connected to the first gas supply unit 26.
- the second gas supply unit 27 is provided with a plurality of gas supply holes 30 b for supplying an inert gas for plasma excitation and a gas for plasma processing in the processing container 12 in a part of the upper side of the side wall 22. Is formed.
- the plurality of gas supply holes 30b are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the first gas supply unit 26 and the second gas supply unit 27 are supplied with the same type of inert gas for plasma excitation and gas for plasma processing from the same gas supply source.
- another gas can also be supplied from the 1st gas supply part 26 and the 2nd gas supply part 27, and those flow ratios etc. can also be adjusted.
- a high frequency power supply 38 for RF (radio frequency) bias is electrically connected to the electrode in the holding table 14 through the matching unit 39.
- the high frequency power supply 38 can output a high frequency of 13.56 MHz with a predetermined power (bias power).
- the matching unit 39 accommodates a matching unit for matching between the impedance on the high-frequency power source 38 side and the impedance on the load side such as an electrode, plasma, and the processing container 12.
- a blocking capacitor for self-bias generation is included. During the plasma processing, the supply of the bias voltage to the holding table 14 may or may not be performed as necessary.
- the holding table 14 can hold the substrate W to be processed thereon by an electrostatic chuck (not shown).
- the holding table 14 includes a heater (not shown) for heating and the like, and can be set to a desired temperature by a temperature adjustment mechanism 33 provided inside the holding table 14.
- the holding base 14 is supported by an insulating cylindrical support portion 31 that extends vertically upward from the lower side of the bottom portion 21.
- the exhaust hole 23 described above is provided so as to penetrate a part of the bottom portion 21 of the processing container 12 along the outer periphery of the cylindrical support portion 31.
- An exhaust device (not shown) is connected to the lower side of the annular exhaust hole 23 via an exhaust pipe (not shown).
- the exhaust device has a vacuum pump such as a turbo molecular pump.
- the inside of the processing container 12 can be depressurized to a predetermined pressure by the exhaust device.
- the plasma generation mechanism 19 is provided outside the processing container 12 and includes a microwave generator 41 as a high-frequency generator that generates microwaves for plasma excitation.
- the plasma generation mechanism 19 includes a dielectric window 16 that is disposed at a position facing the holding table 14 and introduces the microwave generated by the microwave generator 41 into the processing container 12.
- the plasma generation mechanism 19 includes a slot antenna plate 17 provided with a plurality of slot holes 20 and disposed above the dielectric window 16 and radiating microwaves to the dielectric window 16.
- the plasma generation mechanism 19 includes a dielectric member 18 that is disposed above the slot antenna plate 17 and that propagates a microwave introduced by a coaxial waveguide 36 described later in the radial direction.
- the microwave generator 41 is connected to the upper part of the coaxial waveguide 36 for introducing the microwave through the mode converter 34 and the waveguide 35a.
- the TE mode microwave generated by the microwave generator 41 passes through the waveguide 35 a, is converted to the TEM mode by the mode converter 34, and propagates through the coaxial waveguide 36.
- the detailed configuration of the microwave generator 41 will be described later.
- the waveguide 35a side with respect to the microwave generator 41 becomes the load side mentioned later.
- the dielectric window 16 has a substantially disk shape and is made of a dielectric. A part of the lower surface 28 of the dielectric window 16 is provided with an annular recess 37 that is recessed in a tapered shape for facilitating the generation of a standing wave by the introduced microwave. Due to the recess 37, plasma by microwaves can be efficiently generated on the lower side of the dielectric window 16.
- Specific examples of the material of the dielectric window 16 include quartz and alumina.
- the slot antenna plate 17 has a thin plate shape and a disc shape. As shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of slot holes 20 are provided so that two slot holes 20 form a pair so as to be orthogonal to each other with a predetermined interval therebetween. It is provided at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. Also in the radial direction, a plurality of pairs of slot holes 20 are provided at predetermined intervals.
- the microwave generated by the microwave generator 41 is propagated to the dielectric member 18 through the coaxial waveguide 36.
- the inside of the dielectric member 18 sandwiched between the cooling jacket 32 and the slot antenna plate 17 which has a circulation path 40 for circulating a refrigerant or the like and adjusts the temperature of the dielectric member 18 or the like faces outward in the radial direction.
- the microwave spreads radially and is radiated to the dielectric window 16 from a plurality of slot holes 20 provided in the slot antenna plate 17.
- the microwave transmitted through the dielectric window 16 generates an electric field immediately below the dielectric window 16 and generates plasma in the processing container 12.
- a so-called plasma generation region having a relatively high electron temperature is formed in the region located below.
- a so-called plasma diffusion region in which the plasma generated in the plasma generation region is diffused is formed in the region located below.
- This plasma diffusion region is a region where the electron temperature of plasma is relatively low, and plasma processing is performed in this region. Then, so-called plasma damage is not given to the substrate W to be processed at the time of plasma processing, and since the electron density of plasma is high, efficient plasma processing can be performed.
- the plasma generation mechanism 19 is provided with a dielectric window 16 that transmits a high frequency generated by a magnetron as a high frequency oscillator described later into the processing container 12 and a plurality of slot holes 20. And a radiating slot antenna plate 17. Further, the plasma generated by the plasma generating mechanism 19 is configured to be generated by a radial line slot antenna.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the microwave generator 41.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration around a 4E tuner as a matching device described later included in the microwave generator 41.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration around the magnetron included in the microwave generator 41.
- a microwave generator 41 includes a magnetron 42 as a high-frequency oscillator that oscillates microwaves as a high frequency, a high-voltage power supply 43 that supplies power to the magnetron 42, and a high-frequency oscillator. And a filament power supply 46 for supplying power to the filament constituting the cathode electrode 44a.
- the high voltage power supply 43 and the filament power supply 46 constitute a power supply unit that supplies power to the magnetron 42.
- the oscillating unit 47 includes a magnetron 42 and a launcher 48 from which the microwave oscillated by the magnetron 42 is derived. Microwave oscillated from the magnetron 42 proceeds in the direction of arrow A 1 shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG.
- the microwave generator 41 also includes a waveguide 60 that propagates the microwave oscillated by the magnetron 42 toward the processing container 12 that is the load side.
- the waveguide 60 is a path through which the microwave propagates, but the launcher 48, a waveguide 35b that connects an isolator and a directional coupler, which will be described later, and a waveguide that connects the stub mechanism and the isolator. It is mainly composed of a tube 35c and the like.
- a circuit 45 is assembled between the magnetron 42 and the high-voltage power supply 43.
- An anode current is supplied from the high voltage power supply 43 side to the magnetron 42 side via the circuit 45.
- the circuit 45 incorporates a filament.
- a microwave output to the outside is generated by the cathode electrode 44a formed of a filament and the anode electrode 44b formed by being supplied with an anode current from the high-voltage power supply 43. Note that the above-described filament on the cathode side constituting the cathode electrode 44a and the anode vane forming the anode electrode 44b on the anode side are machined products manufactured by machining.
- the microwave generator 41 includes an isolator 49, a directional coupler 54 that is provided in the waveguide 60, and branches a part of the traveling wave traveling in the waveguide 60 and the reflected wave from the load side, 4E tuner 51 as a matching unit.
- the isolator 49 transmits a frequency signal in one direction from the magnetron 42 to the 4E tuner 51 side located on the load 50 side.
- the load 50 here is a member located downstream of the so-called waveguide 35a, such as the mode converter 34 or the like.
- the 4E tuner 51 includes four movable short-circuit plates (not shown) provided at intervals in the microwave traveling direction, and the movable short-circuit portions 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d, and the movable short-circuit portion 52a. It includes three probes 53a, 53b, 53c located on the magnetron 42 side. The three probes 53a, 53b, and 53c are provided at a distance of 1/8 of the guide wavelength ⁇ g, that is, a distance of ⁇ g / 8, in the microwave traveling direction.
- the in-tube wavelength of the waveguide is the length of the wavelength in the traveling direction of the waveguide, and is calculated based on the fundamental frequency to be set and the dimensions of the waveguide. For example, the longitudinal wavelength of the waveguide at 2.45 GHz. When the length in the direction ⁇ the length in the horizontal direction is 96 mm ⁇ 27 mm, it is calculated as 158 mm.
- the 4E tuner 51 is provided with a directional coupler 54 on the magnetron 42 side with respect to the movable short-circuit portion 52a.
- the directional coupler 54 is a bidirectional coupler.
- the directional coupler 54 does not have to face the three probes 53a, 53b, and 53c.
- a traveling wave power signal traveling in the waveguide 60 is transmitted to the voltage control circuit 56 provided in the microwave generator 41 via the circuit 55 a.
- the traveling wave power signal transmitted by the circuit 55a is detected in analog form as a traveling wave power signal by the detector 55c.
- the directional coupler 54 is used to transmit the power signal of the reflected wave traveling in the waveguide 60 to the voltage control circuit 56 provided in the microwave generator 41 via the circuit 55b.
- the reflected wave power signal transmitted by the circuit 55b is detected in analog form as a reflected wave power signal by the detector 55d.
- a voltage control signal supplied from the high voltage power supply 43 and a voltage control signal supplied to the filament power supply 46 are transmitted using the circuit 57 a and the circuit 57 b to control the voltage applied to the magnetron 42. Do.
- the voltage control circuit 56 sets an appropriate current that satisfies the specifications of the magnetron 42 to the high-voltage power supply 43 and the filament power supply 46 so that the set power is the same as the traveling wave power detected from the directional coupler 54.
- the voltage is supplied so that
- the isolator 49 provided between the magnetron 42 and the 4E tuner 51 is configured by using one terminal as a dummy load 59 in the circulator which is a passive element. That is, the first terminal 58a located on the magnetron 42 side is connected to the oscillation unit, the second terminal 58b located on the 4E tuner 51 side is connected to the 4E tuner 51, and the remaining third terminal 58c is connected to the dummy load. 59 is connected. By doing so, the isolator 49 can transmit electric power in one direction from the magnetron 42 to the 4E tuner 51 located on the load 50 side.
- the power reflected from the load 50 to the 4E tuner 51 can be transmitted to the dummy load 59, that is, the power reflected from the load 50 can be prevented from being transmitted to the magnetron 42. This prevents the magnetron 42 from being damaged by the reflected power.
- the microwave generator 41 is a voltage constant that makes the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the voltage standing wave formed in the waveguide 60 by the microwave variable according to the power supplied from the power supply unit.
- a standing wave ratio variable mechanism 61 is included.
- the voltage standing wave ratio varying mechanism 61 is provided in the waveguide 60, and includes a stub mechanism 62 having three rod-like members 64a, 64b, and 64c movable in the radial direction, and a driver 63 that moves the rod-like members 64a, 64b, and 64c. And a control mechanism for controlling the movement of the rod-shaped members 64a, 64b, 64c.
- the stub mechanism 62 constitutes a part of the waveguide 60, and the rod-like members 64 a to 64 c are provided in the waveguide 65 constituting the stub mechanism 62.
- the control mechanism is shared by the voltage control circuit 56.
- Each of the three rod-shaped members 64a, 64b, and 64c can extend from the outer peripheral side of the waveguide 60 toward the inner peripheral side. It can also move in the opposite direction. That is, it is possible to move in the direction of the direction or vice versa arrow B 1 in FIG.
- the three rod-like members 64a, 64b, and 64c are individually moved by a driver 63 that drives a motor (not shown).
- the movement of the rod-shaped members 64a to 64c is controlled by a voltage control circuit 56 that also serves as a control mechanism.
- the relationship between the VSWR and the phase by the voltage standing wave ratio varying mechanism 61 is such that the distance from the magnetron 42 to the stub mechanism 62, the distance between the rod-shaped members 64a, 64b, 64c, and the rod-shaped members 64a to 64c are extended. Uniquely determined by height. As shown in FIG. 9 to be described later, since the appropriate position of the phase of the magnetron 42 is uniquely determined if the VSWR is determined by its specifications, the phase is set to an appropriate value when the VSWR is set. .
- rod-shaped members 64a to 64c are provided in this embodiment, but may be one, or a plurality of, for example, three or more.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the anode current and the output power of the microwave when VSWR is 1.5 and VSWR is 7.0 in a certain magnetron.
- the horizontal axis represents anode current (A), and the vertical axis represents microwave output power (W).
- the graphs indicated by black circles and dotted lines show the relationship between the anode current and the output power of the microwave when the VSWR in the magnetron 42 is 1.5, and the graphs indicated by white circles and dotted lines are the magnetron 42.
- the relationship between the anode current and the output power when VSWR at 7.0 is 7.0 is shown.
- the output power value is 3000 W as a predetermined value for changing the VSWR.
- a motor controller position signal in the voltage control circuit 56 so as to have a preset VSWR.
- power is supplied to the high voltage power supply 43 and the filament power supply 46, and a microwave is oscillated by the magnetron 42.
- the voltage control circuit 56 receives the traveling wave power signal and the reflected wave power signal from the directional coupler 54.
- the microwave output power is changed from 4000 W, for example, under the process conditions in the plasma processing apparatus 11.
- the VSWR is adjusted to 1.5.
- the output power of the microwave is lowered.
- the VSWR is 7.0.
- the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism 61 stores in advance the height at which the corresponding rod-shaped members 64a to 64c are extended when VSWR is 1.5 and VSWR is 7.0. Then, a motor controller position signal is transmitted to the driver 63. Then, according to the signal, the driver 63 drives the motor to move the rod-shaped members 64a to 64c. Then, the rod-like members 64a to 64c are set as the calculated positions. Thereafter, a positioning completion signal is transmitted from the driver 63 to the voltage control circuit 56. In this way, the value of VSWR is changed by the stub mechanism 62. That is, if the power supplied from the power supply unit to the magnetron 42 is lower than 3000 W, the VSWR is controlled to be as high as 7.0.
- a specific relationship between the output power of the microwave and the anode current associated with the change in VSWR is indicated by a solid line in FIG.
- the stub mechanism 62 provided in the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism 61 changes the VSWR in the voltage control circuit 56 in accordance with the set power value of the microwave.
- the horizontal axis indicates the set power (W) of the microwave
- the vertical axis indicates the accuracy (%) of the output power of the microwave.
- an index indicating the actual error between the microwave generators at the test number n 100 with respect to the power of the microwave supplied by the set power of the microwave. It is.
- Line 66a is the average value of errors
- line 66b is the maximum value of errors
- line 66c is the minimum value of errors.
- the VSWR may be changed by the output power of 1000 (W) microwaves. That is, 1000 (W) may be set as a predetermined value for changing VSWR.
- the oscillation mode jumps and a phenomenon called modal with different oscillation frequency occurs, which may cause an unstable oscillation state.
- the modal becomes difficult to occur by increasing the anode current. Therefore, this is dealt with when the set power of the microwave is set low.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the frequency dependence of the degree of coupling of the directional coupler.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency (MHz), and the vertical axis indicates the degree of coupling (dB).
- the coupling degree is 62 (dB) when the frequency is 1500 (MHz).
- the coupling degree is 59 (dB). That is, in the directional coupler, when the frequency changes, the detection output changes. In this case, the degree of coupling decreases as the frequency increases.
- the transition of the peak position due to the machine difference and use of the magnetron 42 is about 10 MHz, and the influence on the coupling degree is small.
- FIG. 9 is a Reike diagram of a certain magnetron.
- the Rieke diagram keeps the magnetron anode voltage, anode current, and magnetic field constant, reads the magnitude of the standing wave ratio and the position of the minimum point on the line by changing the load state, and simultaneously measures the oscillation frequency and output Then, a curve with a constant frequency and a curve with a constant output are drawn.
- solid lines 67a and 67b indicate constant output curves
- broken lines 68a, 68b, 68c and 68d indicate constant frequency curves.
- the solid line 67a is a case where the output is 6.0 (kW), and the solid line 67b is a case where the output is 5.5 (kW).
- a broken line 68a is for the case where the frequency is fo (fundamental frequency) -5 (MHz)
- a broken line 68b is for the case where the frequency is fo (fundamental frequency)
- a broken line 68c is the case where the frequency is fo (fundamental frequency).
- This is a case of +5 (MHz)
- a broken line 68d is a case where the frequency is fo (fundamental frequency) +10 (MHz).
- the point 69a and the point 69b are closest to the center. Therefore, 0.40 ⁇ g is appropriate for the wavelength in the magnetron 42. Then, the wavelength is fixed to 0.40 ⁇ g and the VSWR is changed.
- the guide wavelength ⁇ g 158 (mm)
- 0.40 ⁇ g is approximately 63.2 (mm).
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between anode current and efficiency.
- the horizontal axis represents anode current (A), and the vertical axis represents efficiency (%).
- the number of tests n 100.
- the efficiency tends to decrease as the anode current decreases, and this tendency becomes prominent in the range where the anode current is low. Therefore, in order to maintain high efficiency, it is preferable that the anode current is high.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between anode current and microwave output power when VSWR is changed.
- the horizontal axis represents anode current (A), and the vertical axis represents microwave output power (W).
- A anode current
- W microwave output power
- values of 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 are shown, and lines 70a, 70b, 70c, 70d, 70e, 70f are shown, respectively. , 70 g.
- the value of VSWR is low, it can be understood that the output power of the microwave is large even with the same anode current value.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between VSWR and anode loss.
- the horizontal axis represents VSWR, and the vertical axis represents anode loss (W).
- the anode current values of 1.01 (A), 0.83 (A), 0.63 (A), 0.43 (A), and 0.23 (A) are shown, and lines 71a and 71b are respectively shown. , 71c, 71d, 71e.
- the anode loss it is preferable that the anode loss be as small as possible. However, if the anode current is high, the anode loss tends to increase.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the range of VSWR that can be set for the anode current.
- the horizontal axis represents the anode current (A), and the vertical axis represents VSWR.
- the allowable maximum value of VSWR is set to 7.0.
- the anode current increases, the allowable VSWR value decreases, and when the anode current is 1.0 (A), the value of VSWR cannot be 2 or so. I can grasp.
- a region 72 indicated by hatching in the lower part of the graph an appropriate VSWR is selected.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between VSWR and the range of stable microwave output power and possible low output.
- the horizontal axis represents VSWR, and the vertical axis represents microwave output power (W).
- values of 1.01 (A), 0.23 (A), and 0.12 (A) are shown, and are shown by a solid line 73a, a solid line 73b, and a dotted line 73c, respectively.
- the maximum stable output is obtained when the anode current is 1.01 (A)
- the minimum stable output is obtained when the anode current is 0.23 (A). It is.
- a region between the solid line 73a and the solid line 73b is a range in which a microwave output can be stably obtained.
- the minimum possible output is the case where the anode current at which no moding occurs is 0.12 (A).
- the output power tends to decrease as the value of VSWR increases, but the tendency appears small at the minimum stable output and the minimum possible output.
- 15 and 16 are graphs showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the anode current based on the difference between the plurality of magnetrons.
- the horizontal axis represents the set power (W) of the microwave, and the vertical axis represents the anode current (A).
- FIG. 15 shows the case where the range of the set power (W) of the microwave is 0 to 3500 (W)
- FIG. 16 shows the range of the set power (W) of the microwave is 400 (W) to 1000 (W). W) is enlarged.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show the case of five different magnetrons when VSWR is 2.0, and the five graphs indicated by line 74b in FIGS.
- the case of five different magnetrons with VSWR of 1.5 is shown. That is, in five different magnetrons, the case where VSWR is 2.0 and the case where it is 1.5 are measured.
- the anode current can be increased by setting VSWR to 1.5 to 2.0. This is the same trend for five different magnetrons.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are graphs showing the spectrum shapes when VSWR is 1.5 and VSWR is 2.0.
- FIG. 17 shows the case where the set power of the microwave is 700 (W)
- FIG. 18 shows the case where the set power of the microwave is 2500 (W).
- Each horizontal axis represents frequency (Hz), and each vertical axis represents spectrum intensity (dB).
- Lines 75a and 75c indicate when VSWR is 1.5
- lines 75b and 75d indicate when VSWR is 2.0.
- FIG. 15 when the set power of the microwave is 700 (W), when VSWR is 1.5, sideband peaks indicated by arrows C 1 and C 2 in FIG. 15 appear. Such a sideband peak is one of different frequency components, so-called spurious.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the spurious intensity when VSWR is 1.5.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the spurious intensity when VSWR is 2.0.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the difference in spurious intensity obtained by subtracting the case where VSWR is 2.0 from the case where VSWR is 1.5.
- the horizontal axis indicates the set power (W) of the microwave, and the vertical axis indicates the spurious intensity (dB) in FIGS. 19 and 20, respectively, and the difference (dB) in the spurious intensity in FIG.
- W set power
- dB spurious intensity
- the five data indicated by black rhombus marks, black square marks, black triangle marks, cross marks, and rice marks indicate the results of measurement using different apparatuses, that is, five different magnetrons. Is. Referring to FIGS. 19 to 21, it can be seen that when VSWR is set to 2.0, the sideband peak is reduced particularly on the low power side compared to when VSWR is set to 1.5.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the peak intensity when the VSWR is 1.5.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the peak intensity when VSWR is 2.0.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the difference in peak intensity obtained by subtracting the case where VSWR is 2.0 from the case where VSWR is 1.5.
- the horizontal axis indicates the set power (W) of the microwave, and the vertical axis indicates the peak intensity (dB) in FIGS. 22 and 23, and the peak intensity difference (dB) in FIG. In FIG. 22 and FIG.
- the five data indicated by black rhombus marks, black square marks, black triangle marks, cross marks, and rice marks indicate the results of measurement using different apparatuses, that is, five different magnetrons.
- line 76a shows a case where the minimum value of five magnetrons is subtracted from the maximum value of five magnetrons when VSWR is 1.5
- line 76b shows a case where VSWR is 2.0.
- the case where the minimum value of five magnetrons is subtracted from the maximum value of five magnetrons is shown. Referring to FIGS. 22 to 24, when VSWR is set to 1.5, the variation in the value is large on the low power side. On the other hand, when VSWR is set to 2.0, the variation in the value is small even on the low power side.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the frequency when VSWR is 1.5.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the frequency when VSWR is 2.0.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the frequency difference when VSWR is 1.5 and VSWR is 2.0.
- the horizontal axis indicates the set power (W) of the microwave, and the vertical axis indicates the frequency (MHz) in FIGS. 25 and 26, and the frequency difference (MHz) in FIG. In FIG. 22 and FIG.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the relationship between the set microwave power and the accuracy of the microwave output power when VSWR is 1.5.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the relationship between the set microwave power and the accuracy of the microwave output power when VSWR is 2.0.
- FIG. 30 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of the microwave and the monitor voltage value when VSWR is 1.5 and VSWR is 2.0.
- the horizontal axis represents the microwave set power (W), the vertical axis represents the accuracy (%) of the microwave output power in FIGS. 28 and 29, and the monitor voltage value (V) in FIG. Indicates.
- W microwave set power
- V monitor voltage value
- a line 77a indicates when VSWR is 1.5
- a line 77b indicates when VSWR is 2.0.
- VSWR when VSWR is 1.5, the variation is large on the low power side, but when VSWR is 2.0, the variation is also small on the low power side. Further, when VSWR is set to 2.0, it can be understood that the variation in the monitor voltage value is small on the low power side.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the relationship between the set power of microwave and the efficiency.
- the horizontal axis indicates the set power (W) of the microwave, and the vertical axis indicates the efficiency (%).
- a line 78a indicates when VSWR is 1.5, and a line 78b indicates when VSWR is 2.0. Referring to FIG. 31, it can be understood that the efficiency when VSWR is set to 1.5 is more efficient than when VSWR is set to 2.0.
- the conditions for changing the VSWR are studied and set in each magnetron, and the voltage constant formed in the waveguide is determined.
- the magnitude of the standing wave is changed, that is, the VSWR is changed to change according to the power supplied from the power supply unit.
- more stable plasma can be generated in a wide region ranging from low power to high power, and a wide range of process conditions can be constructed.
- the magnetron is used as the high-frequency oscillator.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is also applicable to the case where another high-frequency oscillator is used.
- the stub mechanism is used as the voltage standing wave ratio variable mechanism.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the standing wave ratio may be varied using another mechanism. Good.
- the VSWR is changed using a predetermined value as a threshold.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the VSWR may be changed in multiple stages.
- the VSWR and the anode The VSWR may be changed linearly so that the current has a proportional relationship.
- the plasma processing is performed by the microwave using the radial line slot antenna.
- the plasma processing is not limited to this, and a comb-shaped antenna unit is provided and plasma is generated by the microwave.
- a plasma processing apparatus or a plasma processing apparatus that generates plasma by emitting microwaves from a slot may be used.
- 11 plasma processing apparatus 12 processing vessel, 13, 26, 27 gas supply unit, 14 holding table, 15 control unit, 16 dielectric window, 17 slot antenna plate, 18 dielectric member, 19 plasma generation mechanism, 20 slot hole, 21 bottom part, 22 side wall, 23 exhaust hole, 24 lid part, 25 O-ring, 28 lower surface, 29 gas supply system, 30a, 30b gas supply hole, 31 cylindrical support part, 32 cooling jacket, 33 temperature adjustment mechanism, 34 mode Transducer, 35a, 35b, 35c waveguide, 36 coaxial waveguide, 37 recess, 38 high frequency power supply, 39 matching unit, 40 circulation path, 41 microwave generator, 42 magnetron, 43 high voltage power supply, 44a cathode electrode, 44b Anode electrode, 45, 55a, 55b, 57a, 57b Circuit, 46 filament power supply, 47 oscillator, 48 launcher, 49 isolator, 50 load, 51 4E tuner, 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d movable short circuit, 53a, 53b, 53c probe, 53d arithmetic circuit,
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- プラズマを用いて被処理対象物に処理を行うプラズマ処理装置であって、
その内部でプラズマによる処理を行う処理容器と、
前記処理容器外に配置されて高周波を発生させる高周波発生器を含み、前記高周波発生器により発生させた高周波を用いて前記処理容器内にプラズマを発生させるプラズマ発生機構とを備え、
前記高周波発生器は、高周波を発振する高周波発振器と、前記高周波発振器に電力を供給する電源部と、前記高周波発振器により発振された高周波を負荷側となる前記処理容器側に伝播する導波路と、高周波によって前記導波路内に形成される電圧定在波の電圧定在波比を前記電源部から供給される電力に応じて可変とする電圧定在波比可変機構とを含む、プラズマ処理装置。 - 前記電圧定在波比可変機構は、前記導波路に設けられ、径方向に可動する棒状部材を有するスタブ機構と、前記棒状部材を可動させるドライバと、前記棒状部材の可動を制御する制御機構とを備える、請求項1に記載のプラズマ処理装置。
- 前記棒状部材は、前記高周波が進行する方向に間隔を開けて複数設けられる、請求項2に記載のプラズマ処理装置。
- 前記電圧定在波比可変機構は、前記電源部から前記高周波発振器に供給される電力が所定の値よりも低ければ、前記電圧定在波比を高くするよう制御する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のプラズマ処理装置。
- 前記高周波発生器は、前記導波路内に設けられ、前記導波管内を進行する進行波および前記負荷側からの反射波の一部を分岐する方向性結合器を含み、
前記制御機構は、前記方向性結合器から得られた進行波電力信号および反射波電力信号を基に、前記スタブ部材の可動を制御する、請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のプラズマ処理装置。 - 前記プラズマ発生機構は、高周波の進行方向に向かって間隔を開けて4つ設けられる可動短絡板を備える4Eチューナーを含む、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のプラズマ処理装置。
- 前記導波路は、前記高周波発振器により発振された高周波が導出されるランチャと、前記ランチャの下流側に設けられ、前記高周波発振器から負荷側へ周波数信号を一方向に伝送するアイソレーターとを含み、
前記スタブ機構は、前記ランチャまたは前記ランチャの下流側であって前記アイソレーターの上流側に設けられる、請求項2~6のいずれかに記載のプラズマ処理装置。 - 前記プラズマ発生機構は、前記高周波発振器により発生させた高周波を前記処理容器内へ透過させる誘電体窓と、複数のスロット孔が設けられており、前記高周波を前記誘電体窓に放射するスロットアンテナ板とを含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のプラズマ処理装置。
- 前記プラズマ発生機構により発生させるプラズマは、ラジアルラインスロットアンテナにより生成される、請求項8に記載のプラズマ処理装置。
- 高周波を発振する高周波発振器と、前記高周波発振器に電力を供給する電源部と、前記高周波発振器により発振された高周波を負荷側となる前記処理容器側に伝播する導波路と、高周波によって前記導波路内に形成される電圧定在波の電圧定在波比を前記電源部から供給される電力に応じて可変とする電圧定在波比可変機構とを含む、高周波発生器。
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JPH05144381A (ja) * | 1991-11-20 | 1993-06-11 | Hitachi Ltd | マグネトロン応用装置 |
JPH05299024A (ja) * | 1992-04-22 | 1993-11-12 | Hitachi Ltd | マグネトロン応用装置 |
JP2007082172A (ja) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-29 | Nihon Koshuha Co Ltd | マグネトロン発振装置 |
JP2007157518A (ja) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | Micro Denshi Kk | マイクロ波装置 |
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US9373483B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
KR102024973B1 (ko) | 2019-09-24 |
JP2014035887A (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
TWI582821B (zh) | 2017-05-11 |
TW201423825A (zh) | 2014-06-16 |
KR20150040918A (ko) | 2015-04-15 |
US20150214011A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
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