WO2014013095A1 - Central nuclear y sistema de seguridad con elemento fusible y ascensor gravitacional - Google Patents
Central nuclear y sistema de seguridad con elemento fusible y ascensor gravitacional Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014013095A1 WO2014013095A1 PCT/ES2012/070551 ES2012070551W WO2014013095A1 WO 2014013095 A1 WO2014013095 A1 WO 2014013095A1 ES 2012070551 W ES2012070551 W ES 2012070551W WO 2014013095 A1 WO2014013095 A1 WO 2014013095A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- building
- water
- elevator
- vessel
- reactor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
- A62B1/02—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rescue cages, bags, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
- B66B11/04—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals
- B66B11/0492—Driving gear ; Details thereof, e.g. seals actuated by other systems, e.g. combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/027—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions to permit passengers to leave an elevator car in case of failure, e.g. moving the car to a reference floor or unlocking the door
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C5/00—Fuses, e.g. fuse cords
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
- G21C9/022—Reactor fuses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
- G21D3/04—Safety arrangements
- G21D3/06—Safety arrangements responsive to faults within the plant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B50/00—Energy efficient technologies in elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the present invention refers to an underground nuclear power plant comprising a safety system, in which a fuse element and a gravitational elevator, objects also of the present invention.
- the nuclear power plant and safety system with fuse element and gravitational elevator object of the invention presents the buildings of the plant subject to contamination buried below sea level and under docks with bored water, and has a system of safety free of electrical and electronic components to act in the event of possible accidents, including, among others, means for flooding the buildings of the plant with thermal fuses and gravitational elevators for the escape of the operators in case of emergency.
- the nuclear fuel in the reactor may melt, forming what is called a "corium."
- the corium is a magma resulting from the fusion of core elements and consists essentially of a mixture of nuclear fuel, the coating of the combustible elements (zirconium alloy or similar) and the various components of the core with which it comes into contact ( bars, tubes, brackets, clamps etc.)
- the present improved structure of a nuclear power plant equipped with a cooling fuse element device represents an advance in satisfactorily solving the aforementioned safety problems in traditional nuclear power plants.
- the nuclear power plant and safety system with fuse element object of the present invention which is described below, is constituted by an original central structure, buried at a certain depth, so that it can be cooled in case of an accident by means of a Cooling water reservoir for emergency situations, preferably seawater, which is located on the surface, above the power plant, thus being able to circulate the cooling water by gravity without the need for pumping.
- a Cooling water reservoir for emergency situations preferably seawater, which is located on the surface, above the power plant, thus being able to circulate the cooling water by gravity without the need for pumping.
- the nuclear power plant After conducting an open-pit excavation in the land destined to house the plant, the nuclear power plant is built with the corresponding construction criteria and carrying out a concrete chest to house it, including anti-seismic criteria, and is subsequently buried using part of the land that was evicted during excavation through access ramps. This provision allows that once the useful life of the plant has expired, it is not necessary to dismantle the plant as it happens in the
- the nuclear power plant with security system is mainly based on a particular provision of the elements that make up the nuclear power plant in combination with different safety elements, minimizing the maximum electronic and electrical components, the most relevant safety element being the provision and use of passive thermal fuse elements, which allow the automatic entry of water into the reactor core when the temperature of the reactor reaches a previously determined setpoint temperature.
- the nuclear power plant consists of a specific and particular arrangement of the different components or elements of a nuclear plant buried in a location near the sea as an inexhaustible source of water, with the aim of improving its safety, and which also includes different components or devices for Increase the security of the plant.
- the nuclear power plant object of the invention comprises three basic underground facilities, namely: a reactor containment building located underground, a turbine or power generation building also located underground, and at least one waste store and / or nuclear fuel. Also, on the surface, it presents a control building of the plant as well as the transformers and connection with the high voltage line.
- the different buildings are separated from each other allowing their isolation if necessary, flooding the containment building and the warehouses of waste or nuclear fuel and / or burying said buildings .
- underground buildings can be buried independently by using, preferably, pyrotechnic rings located at each entrance and / or exit of each building when there is an emergency situation.
- personnel can control the most dangerous buildings in the plant in an isolated manner, and in the event of an accident that forces them to bury or flood the compromised buildings, the staff stays away from radiation.
- the plant has at least one warehouse of nuclear waste and / or nuclear fuel that remains buried and in communication with the reactor of the installation permanently, therefore without requiring transfers of fuel outside the plant.
- said warehouse Once said warehouse has been filled, it is flooded and / or buried forever, being isolated from the rest of the components of the plant.
- the number of nuclear warehouses will be necessary to store the waste that can be generated during the life of the plant. Also, between these warehouses or buildings, some or some of them may be used for the storage of virgin nuclear fuel.
- the safety system of the plant has a fuse element for a nuclear power plant, and more particularly for the reactor of a nuclear power plant, it consists of providing thermal fuses to flood the reactor in case of high temperature .
- a fuse can be arranged in the reactor vessel to flood it and another in the core vessel to flood it when a predetermined temperature or setpoint for each fuse is reached and even a third fuse to flood the concrete containment building.
- the safety fuse does not incorporate any electrical or electronic mechanism, being completely passive and autonomous, so that once the set temperature has been reached, it blows completely and suddenly (eutectic alloy), allowing the entering of the borated water, stored in a dock or tank located above the reactor, by gravity (with a passive pressure compensation system, so that the column of bored cooling water is not rejected through the flood tubes).
- the flood system is composed of covers or dampers that melt at a specific temperature causing their opening upon reaching a set or predetermined temperature - in case of an accident.
- an exhaust system for operators who are underground in case of an emergency consisting of at least one gravitational elevator, pumping system for drying after flooding of one of the buildings and once the accident is controlled; a tube cleaning system that guarantees their flow; passive acting valves, either by means of floats or springs tared at a specific pressure; among others.
- a first object of the invention is a nuclear power plant according to claims 1 to 8.
- a second object of the invention is a safety system with fusible element fusible element according to claims 8 to 14.
- a third object of the invention is a fusible element according to claims 15 and 16.
- a fourth object of the invention is an emergency gravitational elevator for the exit of the operators, according to claims 17 to 28.
- the design of the plant is carried out so that the nucleus, its vessel, containment and generation buildings, as well as the deposit or storage of fuel and waste elements, are below the level of the aforementioned water tank of cooling, that is, below sea level, at a sufficient design depth, according to the characteristics of the reactor and dimensioning of the design power thereof, the nuclear part being active underground.
- Being underground not only are the effects of a possible terrorist attack limited, but it is also possible to bury the plant definitively, by means of pyrotechnic rings located in all the entrances-exits, once it is in disuse, after an accident or in the event that the other security elements fail.
- the present invention is especially designed for fourth generation reactors, of no more than 500 MW, limiting the mass of fuel in the reactor so that in case of core melting it is easier to turn off the fuel mass of such a reactor. power.
- control equipment In addition, to reduce the probability of failures, the design of the control equipment is simplified, so that the electronics are limited to armored controls of radiation, temperature, seismic waves etc. and the number of such equipment is reduced, thus reducing the probability of breakdowns thereof.
- the refrigerant fluid is maintained at a certain constant level by means of valve systems and opening floats, which take the cooling water from a main basins of bored water.
- These main docks are built at a lower level than that of the sea and above the buried buildings, in turn providing a system of water supply by means of floats that open gate valves to allow the entry of water from the sea, and a concentrated solution of boron.
- Said bored solution is stored in secondary docks that pour this solution to the main docks also through float gate valves. In this way, a continuity of inexhaustible supply of bored water, which is the base coolant of the plant, is guaranteed for the reactor.
- the docks both main and secondary, incorporate covers or plates that float on the water contained therein, said plates being anchored to the bottom of the docks, to avoid water evaporation. as well as to minimize the mixing of seawater and other elements.
- Said docks may additionally comprise fixed structures that cover their entire surface.
- These docks are responsible for providing the cooling water to the various buildings and components of the underground plant, and mainly to the reactor.
- the main docks containing the bored water receive in the bottom of them, the exhaust or evacuation pipes of the gases that could be generated in the different containers or buildings, such as the core, core vessel, concrete building , buildings for storage of waste and nuclear fuel in the event of an accident.
- the exhaust or evacuation gases condense upon reaching the basin, diluting it.
- Said pipes or pipes start from high pressure and temperature safety valves, installed on the walls of the reactor containment concrete building, in the reactor vessel and in the core container vessel.
- the central object of the present invention is designed so that in the event of an accident in the reactor, the basic safety devices are activated without specifying human action and minimizing the participation of electronic and electrical components. Therefore, it comprises as a main safety element a cooling fuse device that, in the event of an accident or malfunction, whereby the reactor reaches a high predetermined temperature, melting of gates or covers included in the cooling fuse will occur. or thermal fuse, so that when said gates melt, the reactor remains communicated with cooling ducts or pipes that allow the introduction of bored cooling water into the reactor from the main docks.
- These gates or covers included inside the fusible device are of an eutectic alloy that melts when they reach a certain temperature, allowing the passage of the bored water contained in the cooling ducts or pipes to the reactor containment building, to the vessel of the reactor and / or the vessel of the core, thus allowing the cooling and dilution of the gases that may have been generated with the fusion of the bars of the fuel elements or other elements in the reactor.
- the alloy with eutectic composition is one that in a liquid state, when cooled slowly, reaches a solidification temperature called eutectic temperature, where the reaction occurs: Liquid ⁇ solid solution alpha + solid solution beta, called eutectic reaction.
- Fusible devices can be placed on the wall of the reactor containment building itself, on the wall of the reactor vessel and / or on the wall of the vessel of the core, so that the alloy is able to maintain its solid state the required mechanical characteristics of the walls in which it is located, but when it exceeds a certain temperature, it becomes a liquid state, melting and allowing the borated cooling water to pass into the different compartments of the reactor.
- the aforementioned high pressure and temperature safety valves installed in the containment building, in the reactor vessel and in the core container vessel, have the function of evacuating the high pressure blows that may occur shortly after starting Enter the bored water in the containment building, in the reactor vessel and in the core vessel.
- the number of evacuation pipes and water inlet pipes must be sufficient to evacuate the gas that is generated and at the same time allow sufficient cooling water, so that as water enters and depending on the temperature, this evaporates, leaving the evacuation pipes, allowing more cooling water to enter.
- the number of pipes will be necessary to guarantee the entry of cooling water, looking for safety redundancy.
- the different safety fuses will start to act, so that the fuse located in the vessel vessel will first act nucleus made possible that it is flooded, subsequently the one located in the reactor vessel and finally the one located in the containment building until the core is cooled.
- the plant can be recovered by extracting the cooling water by means of a pumping station, provided for effect and that carries the borated and contaminated water to the borada water basin, through the reactor's exhaust pipes (containment, reactor vessel and core vessel).
- the central object of the invention presents, as already mentioned, the different buildings that comprise it buried and connected by a network of horizontal and vertical tunnels, which function as a communication channel for operators in normal operating conditions of the Central and how to escape after a possible nuclear accident.
- Said horizontal tunnels present in different points, mainly in the accesses to them, steel doors and lead plates, operated manually and preferably with the help of counterweights, which allow insulating the intermediate areas of the vertical communication escape tunnels and Safety in case of accident.
- the power plant comprises in these vertical tunnels elevators to access the buildings and underground tunnels, these elevators being able to be of two types, electrically operated so that in normal operating conditions the operators can go up and down, and other gravitational elevators, without the need for electricity, which only allow ascending and exclusive use in case of emergency to escape from inside the plant.
- gravitational elevators which are equivalent to emergency elevators that do not require electricity for their exclusively ascending operation, are preferably installed parallel to the normal use elevator, in vertical exhaust tunnels and are designed to operate without an engine, and without electricity, since they work by passive elevation taking advantage of the force of gravity.
- These elevators can also be used in other facilities and situations where the escape requires an ascent.
- the gravitational elevator which is a fourth object of the present invention, has all the classic construction elements of any elevator, including all safety, but not including motor and therefore without electrical or electronic components, and it is an elevator that can only be used once to make a single ascent.
- the elevator car is anchored to the ground from where the emergency ascent must be carried out by means of a clamping cable that, in order to use the elevator in an emergency, can be cut from within said cabin.
- the elevator car is attached to a main cable at the opposite end, after passing through a main pulley, a main counterweight is placed, which, when cutting the clamping cable, will cause passive gravity elevation of the cabin with its occupants inside.
- a cutting element preferably of explosive type
- a manual shear conveniently sized so that it can be used by a person of medium complexion to cut the cable manually.
- the pyrotechnic element fails twice, the cable can be cut manually by means of the said shear.
- the elevator car there are all the holes and actuators necessary to be able to operate the cable cutters from within as well as to be able to carry out said manual cable cutting.
- the tension or weight exerted by the main counterweight is slightly greater, approximately 20% more, than the empty weight of the box plus the weight corresponding to the main cable, so that, if one or two people enter the box and cut the cable of subjection of the same one, will begin to ascend to surface by the force of traction exerted by the gravity, thanks to the excess weight of the main counterweight, which maintains an almost constant ascensional tension.
- the emergency elevator of the invention also contemplates the existence of a system of secondary counterweights.
- secondary cables that are attached will be anchored to it, each of them, to a secondary counterweight and an anchor to the ground. Once the necessary secondary cables are anchored, the ground anchors of said secondary cables are cut, so that the weight of each secondary counterweight transmits the corresponding complementary ascension voltage. So until the ascension begins.
- the ascent rate should be controlled by additional control and ascent security systems provided for this purpose, which, for safety, will preferably be installed duplicates. These systems may include:
- a brake lever which is conveniently sized so that a person of medium complexion, pushes it with the sufficient force result applied to friction shoes, which, in turn, touch a friction guide installed along the ascension route, in order to control the ascent rate.
- a speedometer to control the ascent rate.
- a system of cogwheels that mesh from inside, to a rack installed along the route, all sized so that a person of medium complexion can raise the elevator, printing a manual force.
- the elevator box will always be unbalanced for ascension, due to decompensation of pesos.
- a system of inertial dampers installed at the end of the route (above and below), to decelerate the elevator, so that the inertial forces supported by the passengers, do not cause vascular or other damage.
- the systems of anchorage to the cables of secondary draft use double pyrotechnic systems, or system of lever sized for a person of medium complexion, that close some clamps to the cable, counting on anti-slip system, covered in the inner part with corundum dust, for example.
- the security tunnels and services and connections to the outside are preferably vertical, as well as the implantation of the different sets of pipes, which are always carried out vertically. Likewise, all the entrances and exits are protected by pyrotechnic rings to be able to seal the plant in case of irrecoverable breakdown of the same.
- the plant has an evacuation line for the generated electrical energy that leaves the high-low voltage alternators located in an underground building and that takes it to the high-voltage transformers located outside, for energy evacuation. in the transport and distribution electricity network.
- This conduction mainly features a superconducting cable, to reduce losses in the high-voltage alternator-transformer connection, which are located on the surface.
- Figure 1 represents a schematic plan view of the main buildings buried in a nuclear power plant according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 represents a schematic side view of the main components of the nuclear power plant.
- Figure 3 depicts a schematic side view of the reactor vessel and the reactor core as well as a detail of the thermal fuses and related components.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the reactor containment building and a detail of the fuses and related components.
- Figure 5 represents a schematic elevational view of an example of embodiment of the emergency elevator object of the invention, showing in it the main parts and elements it comprises, as well as the configuration and arrangement thereof.
- Figure 6 represents a schematic elevation view of the cabin with some of the additional ascent rate control systems.
- Figure 1 shows the main buildings and rooms, which will remain buried, of the plant, for example, in a plan view during the construction of the plant, in which the open-pit excavation was carried out using access ramps 40 to the underground levels and subsequently the main buildings have been constructed, namely, the containment building 6, the generation building 7, the different buildings or warehouses of waste and nuclear fuel 9, as well as the 1 1 tunnels that connect horizontally the different buildings with each other, such as vertical tunnels 10 that connect said horizontal tunnels 1 1 with the surface.
- FIG 2 which represents a plant already built, all the components of the plant, except the control building of the plant and transformers 5, are buried, in particular the containment building 6, with the reactor and core, generation building 7, and buildings or warehouses for fuel and waste elements 9.
- the control and electrical transformer building 5, located on the surface, is electrically connected with the components of the generation building electrical (7) for the transport of the generated electrical energy.
- the buried components are located below the level of a main cooling water reservoir or basin 8, which is connected to an inexhaustible water source such as sea 16, and located at a sufficient design depth, depending on the characteristics of the reactor 1 and dimensioning of the design power thereof, the nuclear part being active underground, and only the connection and evacuation infrastructure 5 of the energy produced to the electricity grid and auxiliary components remaining on the surface.
- the excavation of the land where the underground plant is to be located is carried out, and after its construction on said land according to the appropriate construction criteria, such as construction of a concrete chest, and taking into account anti-seismic criteria, part of the excavated earth is used to bury the plant, so that it is buried and below the level of the main reservoir of cooling water, that is, from sea 16, as well as from the main dock 8.
- appropriate construction criteria such as construction of a concrete chest, and taking into account anti-seismic criteria
- the containment building 6 comprises in its interior the vessel of the reactor 2 within which the vessel of the core is located with the core of the reactor 1.
- the core 1 is the reactor itself, and is constituted by the fissile fuel and where The nuclear accident can occur when its temperature is uncontrolled, being able to melt and forming what is called corium or magma resulting from the fusion of the elements of the nucleus 1, constituted by the nuclear fuel, the coating of the combustible elements and the other components of the core with what comes into contact.
- the vessel of the core 1 is a pressure vessel constructed of carbon steel with a thickness of between 20 and 25 cm and with other internal steel coatings and constitutes the first barrier against the exit of the corium.
- the reactor vessel 2 is the second safety container of the reactor core 1 and is constructed of a special steel with a thickness not less than 20 cm.
- Containment building 6 is the last barrier to contain the corium in case of an accident and is constructed of high-strength concrete with a thickness of at least 150 cm with an inner lead coating. This building is connected to the energy production building 7 and the nuclear fuel and waste stores 9.
- the different rooms, or buildings, underground are connected to each other by means of horizontal tunnels 1 1, and by means of vertical tunnels 10 with the outside, allowing the transit of the operators between the different buildings and with the outside.
- the horizontal tunnels 1 1 further comprise safety gates 12, preferably manually operated, which allow the different rooms to be isolated from each other in an emergency, with the main objective of allowing the different rooms to be flooded with the cooling water coming from the water tank or main dock 8.
- the vertical tunnels 11 are arranged in different places of the plant to facilitate the exit in case of emergency to the operators.
- Said vertical tunnels 11 preferably comprise electric elevators for use during the ordinary operation of the plant, and gravitational elevators 100 that do not require electrical power and only allow ascending for the evacuation of the operators in case of emergency.
- FIG. 4 and 5 show a scheme of one of these elevators.
- the elevator 100 in question conventionally comprises a cabin 120 held superiorly by a main cable 130 passing through a main pulley 140 and at its opposite end incorporates a main counterweight 150, with the particularity that said cabin 120 is anchored to the ground by a holding cable 160, the weight of said main counterweight 150 being slightly greater, approximately 20% more, than the empty weight of the cabin 120 plus the weight of the main cable 130, so that, if one or two persons enter the box and cut the clamping cable the cabin ascends when lowering the counterweight by gravity.
- the elevator has an explosive cutting element, consisting of a double-detonating device, as well as a manual cutting element, preferably consisting of a shear (not shown).
- the cabin 120 has actuators (not shown) for actuating said cutting elements of the clamping cable 160 from its interior, as well as gaps for accessing them and other ascent or additional control systems that it may incorporate, such as It will be explained later.
- the elevator 100 has a secondary counterweight system 170 to allow increasing the capacity of the cabin.
- Each of said secondary counterweights 170 is attached to a secondary cable 180 which, passing through a secondary pulley 190, is fixed at one of its ends to a ground anchor 1 10, while at the other end it has means for fixing to a clamp 1 11 provided for this purpose in the cabin 120.
- the elevator 100 can have a more or less high number of said counterweights and secondary cables and their corresponding ground anchors and fasteners in the cabin, according to the needs of each case.
- Fig. 4 although several secondary counterweights 170 have been represented, only one of them has been shown complete with its ground anchor 110.
- the elevator can have:
- the cooling water tank 8 is a main dock that contains bored water and is connected to the sea 16 as an inexhaustible source of water and cooling, and in turn is connected with at least one dock secondary 82 in which a borated solution is stored.
- These docks are located below sea level 16, and above buried buildings, being connected to the sea and between them by means of floats that open gate valves that allow water supply and maintenance of water level.
- the main dock 8 or an underground appendix 81 thereof is connected to the different buildings by means of cooling pipes 13 that transport by gravity, without the need for pumps, the water bored from said dock 8.
- the main and secondary dock 82 comprise covers or plates 83 that float on the water contained therein, said plates 83 being anchored to the bottom of the docks 8, 82.
- Said plates 83 will preferably be constructed by a coated stainless steel grid. of a foam of a polymer thick enough for the plates to float on water, and that is resistant to solar radiation to prevent evaporation of water as well as resistant to chemical attacks from seawater.
- the aforementioned plates or covers 83 are anchored to the bottom of the docks 8, 82 by cables 84 of high tensile strength and resistant to seawater and of length equal to the maximum height of the walls of each basin 8, 82.
- Said material may be a steel or a polymer.
- the cooling pipes 13 are connected to the containment building 6 through fuse elements 3 that are incorporated into the walls of the containment building 6, the reactor vessel 2 and the core vessel 1. Obviously they can only be on one of the walls of one of the elements.
- Each fuse element 3 comprises an automatic opening gate 32 upon overheating of the nuclear reactor, which is constituted by a lid of material of an eutectic alloy 32, of similar characteristics to the walls that separate the different elements of the reactor from each other, vessel of the core 1, reactor vessel 2 and containment building 6, but capable of melting under overheating conditions and communicating each of the elements 1, 2, 6, with at least one cooling pipe 13, preferably more than one pipe with the in order to look for a security redundancy, which in turn connects to the main dock 8.
- the reactor has a double steel vessel and is provided with at least two fuses 3.1, 3.2, one in each of the inner or core 1 and outer or reactor 2 vessels respectively, connected with independent boric water conduits 13.1, 13.2 , each of them, being able to circulate the boric water between each inner and outer vessel.
- the reactor is enclosed in a containment building 6 also preferably provided with a third fuse 3.3 connected to a third pipe 13.3 to allow the entry of boric cooling water.
- the fuse 3 is a metal or ceramic seal calculated to melt when a certain temperature is reached and which is integrated into the walls either of the vessels 1, 2 or of the containment building 6.
- It is integrated into these walls by means of a solid anchor, either by welding or by screws, becoming part of the wall by presenting the same characteristics as the same, namely the same mechanical resistance as any other part of the wall, or from the vessels of core 1 or reactor 2, or of containment building 6.
- the fuses 3 blow at a predetermined temperature to give way to the bored water that floods and cools the interior of any of the vessels 1, 2 or the containment building 6.
- the fuses 3 comprise a lid of a eutectic material 32 and designed to melt when a predetermined or setpoint temperature is reached, followed by an insulating material 33 and an insulating cover 34.
- the melting point of the eutectic material will vary between 2000 and 2500 ° C and once the melting temperature is reached, It will melt suddenly.
- a plug of insulating material 33 is disposed after which an insulating lid 34 is located.
- the fuse 3 has, preferably in its upper part, a specific housing for housing a low pressure valve 31, connected with low pressure pipes 15, which open as soon as the first evaporation gases are produced, when the water comes into contact
- the eutectic alloy of the lid 32 melts suddenly, due to the hydrostatic pressure of the water column, at first, the water enters in vessels 1, 2 or building 6, since the aforementioned low pressure relief valves 31 instantly prevent the water column from being pushed upwards or towards the dock 8.
- the reactor is provided with high pressure and temperature safety valves 4, connected with high pressure pipes 14, for the evacuation of high pressure blows that could occur with the entry of the bored water into the core 1 and in the core vessel 2.
- the plant has a pumping station for the recovery of the plant by extracting the cooling water to the bored water basin, through the outlet or exhaust pipes of the reactor (core and core vessel) ).
- the boric water cooling system extends not only to reactor 1, 2 and its containment building 6 but to other buildings such as the power generation building 7 that contains the turbines and alternators or the fuel storage building 9 or any other Stay with radioactive material that is necessary to flood and cool in case of an accident.
- shape, materials and dimensions may be variable and in general, everything that is accessory and secondary, provided that it does not alter, changes or modifies the essentiality of the improvements that have been described.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12770173.8A EP2814038B1 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Nuclear power plant, safety system with fuse element and gravity elevator |
US14/382,683 US9892805B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Underground nuclear power plant |
PCT/ES2012/070551 WO2014013095A1 (es) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Central nuclear y sistema de seguridad con elemento fusible y ascensor gravitacional |
ES12770173.8T ES2602071T3 (es) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Central nuclear, sistema de seguridad con elemento fusible y ascensor gravitacional |
CA2865607A CA2865607C (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Nuclear power plant and safety system with fuse element and gravity elevator |
JP2015522129A JP6321638B2 (ja) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | 原子力発電所、ヒューズ装置を備える安全システム、および、ヒューズ装置 |
IL234347A IL234347B (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2014-08-27 | A nuclear power plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2012/070551 WO2014013095A1 (es) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Central nuclear y sistema de seguridad con elemento fusible y ascensor gravitacional |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2014013095A1 true WO2014013095A1 (es) | 2014-01-23 |
Family
ID=47010630
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/ES2012/070551 WO2014013095A1 (es) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Central nuclear y sistema de seguridad con elemento fusible y ascensor gravitacional |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9892805B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2814038B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP6321638B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2865607C (es) |
ES (1) | ES2602071T3 (es) |
IL (1) | IL234347B (es) |
WO (1) | WO2014013095A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
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CN104700909A (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-06-10 | 大亚湾核电运营管理有限责任公司 | 核电厂群堆安全系统 |
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US9378855B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-06-28 | Palvannanathan Ganesan | Floating nuclear power reactor with a self-cooling multiple component containment structure and an automatic radiation scrubbing containment structure |
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WO2015188693A1 (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | 地下核电站核岛厂房地下洞室群垂直于山体纵深方向的施工布置 |
RU2649193C1 (ru) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-03-30 | Чанцзян Сервей Плэннинг Дизайн Энд Рисерч Ко., Лтд. | Схема строительства объединенной группы выработок подземных атомных электростанций в направлении вглубь горы |
CN104134477A (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-11-05 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | 核岛洞室群环形布置地下核电站 |
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WO2018062915A1 (ko) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | 냉각수 저장조 및 이를 포함하는 원자로건물 피동 냉각시스템 |
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US11289215B2 (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2022-03-29 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Reactor shutdown system with melting gate member for segregating neutron absorbing material compartment from core |
US11373769B2 (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-06-28 | Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc | Passive containment cooling system for a nuclear reactor |
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US11848111B2 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-12-19 | Palvannanathan Ganesan | Double containment nuclear power reactor with passive cooling and radiation scrubbing |
US11410783B1 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-08-09 | Palvannanathan Ganesan | Underground nuclear power reactor with a blast mitigation chamber |
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CN116195006A (zh) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-05-30 | 帕尔文纳纳桑·加内森 | 带爆炸缓解室的地下核能反应堆 |
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US20020122526A1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-09-05 | Masataka Hidaka | Nuclear reactor |
US20030168290A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2003-09-11 | Kazuaki Miyakoshi | Elevator without machine room |
FR2840100A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-11-28 | Technicatome | Reacteur nucleaire equipe d'un dispositif passif e maintien du coeur en cas d'elevation de temperature |
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WO2012025589A1 (fr) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-01 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Dispositif de mitigation des accidents graves pour assemblage de combustible nucleaire a efficacite amelioree |
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-
2012
- 2012-07-19 CA CA2865607A patent/CA2865607C/en active Active
- 2012-07-19 US US14/382,683 patent/US9892805B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-19 JP JP2015522129A patent/JP6321638B2/ja active Active
- 2012-07-19 ES ES12770173.8T patent/ES2602071T3/es active Active
- 2012-07-19 WO PCT/ES2012/070551 patent/WO2014013095A1/es active Application Filing
- 2012-07-19 EP EP12770173.8A patent/EP2814038B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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2014
- 2014-08-27 IL IL234347A patent/IL234347B/en active IP Right Grant
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CN104700909A (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-06-10 | 大亚湾核电运营管理有限责任公司 | 核电厂群堆安全系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL234347B (en) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2015524559A (ja) | 2015-08-24 |
US20150131769A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
US9892805B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
CA2865607C (en) | 2021-07-27 |
ES2602071T3 (es) | 2017-02-17 |
EP2814038A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2814038B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
JP6321638B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
CA2865607A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
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