WO2014012293A1 - 硬基软结构内燃机连杆 - Google Patents

硬基软结构内燃机连杆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014012293A1
WO2014012293A1 PCT/CN2012/080791 CN2012080791W WO2014012293A1 WO 2014012293 A1 WO2014012293 A1 WO 2014012293A1 CN 2012080791 W CN2012080791 W CN 2012080791W WO 2014012293 A1 WO2014012293 A1 WO 2014012293A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connecting rod
small
hole
hard
small head
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/080791
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2014012293A8 (zh
Inventor
蒋鸣
苏洪吉
陈小迅
李卫国
吴红亮
Original Assignee
东风汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东风汽车有限公司 filed Critical 东风汽车有限公司
Priority to JP2014550615A priority Critical patent/JP5881862B2/ja
Priority to DE201211005725 priority patent/DE112012005725T5/de
Priority to RU2014123645A priority patent/RU2624135C2/ru
Priority to US14/148,679 priority patent/US9121343B2/en
Publication of WO2014012293A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014012293A1/zh
Publication of WO2014012293A8 publication Critical patent/WO2014012293A8/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/04—Engines with variable distances between pistons at top dead-centre positions and cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/10—Connection to driving members
    • F16J1/14—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections
    • F16J1/16—Connection to driving members with connecting-rods, i.e. pivotal connections with gudgeon-pin; Gudgeon-pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J7/00—Piston-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/12—Force, load, stress, pressure
    • F16C2240/18—Stress
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/42—Groove sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/70—Diameters; Radii
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/023—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine connecting rod, and more particularly to a hard-base soft-structure internal combustion engine connecting rod in which a sliding bushing is not required to be press-fitted in a small bore of a connecting rod. Background technique
  • the function of the connecting rod of the internal combustion engine is to connect the piston and the crankshaft, which is responsible for transmitting the power and movement between the two.
  • the small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston through the piston pin, and the big end of the connecting rod is connected with the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft, and the gas explosion pressure of the piston is transmitted to the crankshaft, so that the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotating motion of the crankshaft, in the process.
  • the connecting rod is subjected to alternating loads such as compression, stretching and bending.
  • the small head of the connecting rod and the piston pin will wear and wear. Increase the matching clearance between them, the piston pin abnormal sound occurs in the light, the small one of the connecting rod small head, the piston pin is damaged, and even the cylinder is caused.
  • the small end of the connecting rod is pressed into the friction reducing bimetal bushing as a sliding bearing, and the oil groove or drill is milled on the small end of the connecting rod and the bushing.
  • the oil holes are used to lubricate the oil splashed from the engine during operation.
  • the base portion of the sliding bearing is constructed of a highly rigid structure for the purpose of providing a reliable interference fit when the sliding bearing is installed.
  • the small-head structure of the reciprocating internal combustion engine connecting rod and the sliding bushing is press-fitted in the hole with strong rigidity of the small end of the connecting rod, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the working reliability of this conventional connecting rod structure is affected by many factors such as the allowable specific pressure of the bearing alloy material, the position of the friction surface oil groove, the press-fit process, the micro-morphology of the friction surface and the bending deformation of the piston pin.
  • the comparison document CN200480034352.3 discloses a "phosphorized, and bushless piston rod assembly with an inner guide groove and an anisotropic piston pin", the piston rod assembly focusing on the piston pin
  • the structure is optimized and the technical solution of phosphating the piston rod assembly surface is used to improve the between the small hole of the connecting rod and the piston pin.
  • the wear resistance but it does not optimize the design of the connecting rod small head structure.
  • the patented bushless connecting rod small head hole adopts a special pin hole structure, that is, from the center of the small hole of the connecting rod to the opening of the connecting hole, which is formed by rotating a section of an open profile line, and is formed with a shaped pin hole.
  • the oil groove of the circuit is realized on the connecting rod with strong rigidity of the traditional small head structure, and the soft structure optimization design of the small head is not performed.
  • the inner surface of the special-shaped pin hole has a circular arc shape when viewed from a longitudinal section, and the outer surface of the piston pin is linear when viewed from a longitudinal section.
  • the special-shaped pin hole can conform to the bending deformation of the piston pin under stress and withstand high explosion pressure; but when the bending force generated by the piston pin is inconsistent with the longitudinal arc of the inner surface of the special-shaped pin hole, the special-shaped pin hole cannot be The piston pin produces a good fit.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing bearing material cannot meet the requirements of the future higher pressure explosion engine, and at the same time solve the problem of the failure of the small end bushing of the reciprocating internal combustion engine connecting rod, and provide a hard-base soft structure internal combustion engine connecting rod, The friction between the small head hole of the connecting rod and the piston pin is improved without the need to press the sliding bushing in the small hole of the connecting rod.
  • a hard-base soft structure internal combustion engine connecting rod comprising a connecting rod small head 1, a connecting rod shaft 2, and a connecting rod small head hole 3 in the connecting rod small head 1
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the small end of the connecting rod adopts a hard base soft structure, that is, the small head of the connecting rod adopts a steel material or an alloy material with a tensile strength ob ⁇ 700 MPa as a hard base material, and the small head 1 of the connecting rod adopts a cylinder pressure a flexible structure in which the elastic deformation ⁇ 2 of the connecting rod small hole 3 in the axial direction and the bending deformation ⁇ 1 of the piston pin 4 engaged with the connecting rod small hole 3 are axially adapted by the action of the piston pin 4 .
  • the connecting rod small head 1 of the flexible structure is divided into a connecting rod small head hole body 1.1 and two parts of a flexible support, and the connecting rod small head hole body 1.1 is provided with a complete circular hole of equal diameter.
  • the connecting rod small head hole 3, the flexible structure is located at each end of the connecting rod small head hole 3, and each of the two ends of the connecting rod small hole 3 extends outwardly toward the outer ends of the connecting rod small head hole 3, and is smaller than the open shape.
  • a tile-shaped support structure 1.2 in the form of a semi-circular hole, the open end of the tile-shaped support structure 1.2 is oriented toward the small head of the connecting rod, and the inner circular arc surface of the tile-shaped supporting structure 1.2 is an arc surface of the small-head hole of the connecting rod extend.
  • the thickness of the tile-shaped support structure 1.2 is gradually thinned toward both ends in the axial direction.
  • the rigidity of the small-head hole 3 of the connecting rod is gradually reduced from the center to the both ends in the axial direction, and is better adapted to the bending deformation of the piston pin in the axial direction during operation.
  • the end faces of the connecting rod small hole 3 in the connecting rod small hole body 1.1 are parallel to each other.
  • the tiling support structure 1.2 is symmetrically disposed on the two ends of the connecting rod small hole 3 on the connecting rod small hole body 1.1, so as to better adapt to the axial direction of the piston pin during operation. Bending deformation.
  • the tile-shaped support structure has a thickness H2 of 4 to 8 mm.
  • the tile-shaped support structure and the connecting rod small-head hole body are connected by a smooth transition connecting arc, and the connecting arc radius R3 is 10 ⁇ 30 mm.
  • the ratio of the width L1 between the outer end faces of the two-tile support structures in the small head 1 of the connecting rod to the width L2 of the small-headed holes of the connecting rod is between 1.5 and 2.5.
  • an arcuate oil groove 5 is provided in the axial direction on the inner surface of the circular arc of the connecting rod small head hole 3 in the direction of the connecting rod shaft 2.
  • the invention converts the lower end of the small-headed force receiving surface of the traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine from a rigid structure to a partial flexible structure, in particular, the small head of the connecting rod adopts a hard-base soft structure, that is, the small-head of the connecting rod adopts a tensile strength ob ⁇ 700MPa.
  • the steel or alloy material is used as the hard base material, and the small rod of the connecting rod adopts the elastic deformation ⁇ 2 which occurs in the axial direction of the small hole of the connecting rod under the action of the piston pin and the piston pin edge which cooperates with the small head hole of the connecting rod.
  • the flexural deformation ⁇ 1 produced by the axis is adapted to the flexible structure. See Figure 6 for the deformation. Therefore, the friction surface does not produce microscopic local "hard contact points" during operation, and the occurrence of "biting" during friction is avoided.
  • the present invention adopts a special flexible structure connecting rod small head 1, that is, the connecting rod small head hole body 1.1 is provided with a connecting rod small head hole 3 of a complete equal diameter circular hole, and the connecting rod small head hole 3
  • the two ends are provided with a tile-shaped support structure 1.2 and the like, so that the small-head hole 3 of the connecting rod according to the present invention is deformed regardless of the force of the piston pin, or is not deformed by the force, and the piston pin is deformed due to the change of the force state.
  • the connecting rod small hole 3 can also form a good fit with the piston pin. That is, the present invention can achieve a good fit between the small hole 3 of the connecting rod and the piston pin under the condition of full working condition, and thoroughly improve the friction performance between the small head hole of the connecting rod and the piston pin.
  • the present invention grinds the oil splashing in the crankcase of the engine by milling two oil grooves 5 penetrating through the small head holes 3 on both sides of the small head hole, and using a tile-shaped supporting structure 1.2 which is smaller than the semicircular hole opening on both sides of the small connecting rod.
  • the oil is collected, introduced into the friction surface through the oil tank 5, and adjusted by the oil tank 5 parameters (the angle between the center of the oil tank and the center line of the small head hole and the vertical center line of the small head hole, the oil groove depth H3, the lubricating oil wedge angle, etc. ), to achieve effective lubrication and heat dissipation, so as to avoid "adhesive wear" on the friction surface.
  • the bushing of the connecting rod has no need to press the bushing in the small hole of the connecting rod, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that the oil circuit is blocked due to the rotation of the bushing. happened.
  • the hard-base soft-structure internal combustion engine connecting rod according to the present invention has important practical significance for improving the operational reliability of the commercial vehicle engine, simplifying the link structure, and saving the manufacturing cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional bushing connecting rod small head
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a left side view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the small head of the connecting rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the bending deformation of the connecting rod small head and the piston pin according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the embodiment relates to a hard-base soft structure internal combustion engine connecting rod, which comprises a connecting rod small head 1 and a connecting rod shaft 2, and a connecting rod small head is arranged in the connecting rod small head 1.
  • a hole 3 wherein the small end of the connecting rod adopts a hard base soft structure, and the hard base in the hard base soft structure refers to a steel rod or an alloy material with a tensile strength ob ⁇ 700 MPa as a hard base material such as: 38MnVS6, C70S6 and so on.
  • the soft structure in the hard-base soft structure refers to the small-head 1 of the connecting rod adopting the elastic deformation of the connecting rod small-head hole 3 in the axial direction under the action of the cylinder pressure by the piston pin, and the small-head hole of the connecting rod 3
  • the flexural deformation ⁇ 1 of the mating piston pin 4 is axially adapted to ensure a good fit of the connecting rod small hole 3 and the piston pin 4.
  • the connecting rod small head 1 of the flexible structure is divided into a connecting rod small head hole body 1.1 and two parts of a flexible support, and the connecting rod small head hole body 1.1 is provided with an equal diameter along the axial direction.
  • a small round hole 3 of the connecting hole of the complete circular hole wherein the flexible structure has a section at each end of the small hole 3 of the connecting rod which is extended in the axial direction and extends outwardly from both ends of the small opening 3 of the connecting rod, and is less than a semicircle.
  • a tile-shaped support structure 1.2 in the form of a hole, the tile-shaped support structure 1.2 and the connecting rod small-head hole body 1.1 are integrally formed at both ends, and the open end of the tile-shaped support structure 1.2 faces the small head of the connecting rod, and the tile-shaped
  • the inner circular arc surface of the support structure is an extension of the circular arc surface in the small head hole of the connecting rod.
  • the tile-shaped support structure can be designed with equal thickness, the thickness H2 is 4 ⁇ 8mm, and the thickness can be designed, that is, the thickness of the tile-shaped support structure is gradually thinned toward the two ends in the axial direction, and the inner surface of the tile-shaped support structure is at this time. It has the same curvature as the inner surface of the small head hole 3 of the connecting rod, and is an arc of equal diameter along the axial direction.
  • the tile-shaped support structure and the connecting rod small-head hole body are connected by a smooth transition connecting arc, and the connecting arc radius R3 is 10 ⁇ 30 mm.
  • the ratio of the width L1 between the outer end faces of the two tile-shaped support structures in the connecting rod small head 1 to the width L2 of the connecting rod small head holes is between 1.5 and 2.5.
  • the thickness of the tile-shaped support structure 1.2 in this embodiment is gradually thinned toward both ends in the axial direction.
  • Two circular arc-shaped oil grooves 5 are provided in the axial direction on the inner surface of the circular arc of the connecting rod small head hole 3 toward the connecting rod shaft 2.
  • the diameter of the circular arc groove 5 is ⁇ 2, which is 10 to 30 mm, and the depth of the oil groove 5 is 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
  • the invention changes the lower end of the small end of the connecting rod of the conventional reciprocating internal combustion engine from a rigid structure to a partial flexible structure.
  • the key parameters such as L1, L2, R1, R2, R3, and H2 are adjusted, wherein L1 is the width between the outer end faces of the two-tile support structure in the small head 1 of the connecting rod, and L2 is the width of the small head hole body of the connecting rod
  • L1 is the arc transitional connection radius between the rib of the connecting rod shaft 2 and the tile-shaped supporting structure
  • R2 is the arc transitional connection radius between the body of the connecting rod body 2 and the tile-shaped supporting structure
  • R3 is the wavy supporting
  • the arc radius is connected between the structure and the small-head hole body 1.1 of the connecting rod
  • H2 is the thickness of the tile-shaped supporting structure, and the rigidity of the joint between the connecting rod and the small head is adjusted, so that it is softer than the traditional connecting rod design, and the soft structure is achieved.
  • the design purpose is to adapt the elastic deformation ⁇ 2 generated in the stressed state to the bending deformation ⁇ 1 generated when the piston pin is stressed. In this way, the "hard contact point" will not be generated on the friction surface, thus avoiding the “bite” phenomenon.
  • two oil grooves 5 penetrating through the small head holes are milled on both sides of the small head hole, and the lubricating oil splashed by the engine crankcase is collected by using the less than semicircular tile supporting structure which is open on both sides of the small connecting rod.
  • the oil groove is introduced into the friction surface.
  • This embodiment proposes a specific hard-base soft structure internal combustion engine connecting rod.
  • L 1 44 mm
  • L2 23 mm
  • R 1 8 mm
  • R2 15 mm
  • R3 20 mm
  • H 1 13.65 mm
  • H2 5.9 mm
  • H3 0.15 mm
  • ODl 44 mm
  • OD2 25 mm
  • a 50°.
  • ⁇ is the diameter of the small hole of the connecting rod.
  • the connecting rod small head of the connecting rod can conform to the deformation of the piston pin during the working process, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of "biting", and the connecting rod has passed the engine test of some columns. In the 1000h engine reliability test, no abnormal wear occurred in the small head hole. After the test, the radial maximum wear of the small head hole was 0.005mm, and the small head hole did not undergo any plastic deformation along the axial direction.
  • the modified modification such as the connecting rod small head 1 adopts other flexible structures, so that the connecting rod small head 1 adopts an elastic deformation ⁇ 2 which occurs in the axial direction of the connecting rod small hole 3 under the action of the cylinder pressure through the piston pin 4.
  • the piston pin 4 that cooperates with the small-head hole 3 of the connecting rod is adapted to the bending deformation ⁇ 1 generated in the axial direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

一种硬基软结构内燃机连杆，包括连杆小头（1）、连杆杆身（2），在连杆小头（1）中设有连杆小头孔（3），所述连杆小头采用硬基软结构，即连杆小头采用抗拉强度σb≥700MPa的钢材或合金材料作为硬基材料，所述连杆小头（1）采用在气缸压力通过活塞销（4）作用下所述连杆小头孔（3）沿轴向发生的弹性形变Δ2同与所述连杆小头孔（3）配合的活塞销（4）沿轴向产生的弯曲变形Δ1相适应的柔性结构。使其能在全工况的条件下实现连杆小头孔与活塞销之间的良好配合，彻底改善连杆小头孔与活塞销之间的摩擦性能。

Description

硬基软结构内燃机连杆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种往复式内燃机连杆， 尤其涉及连杆小头孔内无需压装滑动衬套的硬 基软结构内燃机连杆。 背景技术
内燃机连杆的功用是连接活塞与曲轴， 负责传递两者之间的动力与运动。 连杆小头 通过活塞销与活塞相连， 连杆大头与曲轴的连杆轴颈相连， 把活塞承受的气体爆压传给 曲轴， 使活塞的往复运动转变成曲轴的旋转运动， 在此过程中， 连杆受到的是压縮、 拉 伸和弯曲等交变载荷。 对全浮式活塞销， 连杆工作时， 由于连杆小头与活塞销之间有相 对运动， 在所受交变载荷的作用下， 连杆小头与活塞销之间会产生磨损， 磨损加大其之 间的配合间隙， 轻者出现活塞销异响， 重者损坏连杆小头、 活塞销， 甚至造成打缸。 为 了减小连杆小头与活塞销之间的摩擦磨损， 人们在连杆小头压入减磨双金属衬套作滑动 轴承， 并在连杆小头和衬套上铣有油槽或钻有油孔以收集发动机运转时飞溅上来的润滑 油用以润滑。
随着商用车发动机爆压的不断提升， 连杆小头衬套的表面压力越来越高， 可用作轴 承的材料选择越来越困难， 因此加大了高爆压发动机开发的难度， 使成本大大增加。
公知的采用滑动轴承的场合， 安装滑动轴承的座基部分都采用刚性很强的结构， 其 目的是使滑动轴承安装时有一个可靠的过盈配合状态。 往复式内燃机连杆小头结构同样 如此， 在连杆小头刚性较强的孔内压装滑动衬套， 见图 1。这种传统的连杆结构其工作可 靠性受到轴承合金材料许用比压、 摩擦面油槽位置、 压装工艺、 摩擦表面微观形貌与活 塞销受力弯曲变形等诸多因素影响。 使用中常见衬套发生旋转使得进油通道堵塞， 导致 衬套合金摩擦面缺油而发生烧蚀， 甚至咬合。 严重时导致活塞拉缸。 因此， 连杆小头衬 套失效是往复式内燃机运动件常见的失效形式之一。
为解决上述问题， 对比文件 CN200480034352.3公开了一种"带有内导沟和异性活塞 销的、磷化的、和无衬套的活塞连杆组件"， 该活塞连杆组件重点对活塞销的结构进行优 化设计， 并采用在活塞连杆组件表面镀磷化层的技术方案改善连杆小头孔与活塞销之间 的耐磨性， 但它并未对连杆小头结构进行优化设计。
本申请人曾于 2011年 7月 26日向中国专利局申请了一种名称为"一种往复式内燃机小 头无衬套连杆"专利， 专利号为 CN 201120265392.6。 该专利无衬套连杆小头孔采用异型 销孔结构， 即从连杆小头孔中心至孔口处， 是由一段较一段开阔的型线旋转而形成， 并 设置了与异型销孔形成回路的油槽。 该专利公开的异型销孔是在传统小头结构刚性很强 的连杆上实现， 并未对小头进行软结构的优化设计。 该异型销孔下内表面， 从纵向剖面 看为圆弧形， 而活塞销外表面从纵向剖面看为直线形， 当活塞销受力产生的弯曲与异型 销孔下内表面纵向圆弧一致时， 该异型销孔能顺应活塞销受力时的弯曲变形， 承受高爆 压； 但当活塞销受力产生的弯曲与异型销孔下内表面纵向圆弧不一致时， 该异型销孔就 不能与活塞销产生良好的配合。 发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有轴承材料无法满足未来更高爆压发动机的使用要求， 同时解决往复式内燃机连杆小头衬套失效问题， 提供了一种硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 使 连杆小头孔内无需压装滑动衬套的情况下， 改善连杆小头孔与活塞销之间的摩擦性能。
为实现上述目的， 本发明采用如下技术方案： 一种硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 包括连 杆小头 1、 连杆杆身 2， 在连杆小头 1中设有连杆小头孔 3， 其特征在于， 所述连杆小头 采用硬基软结构， 即连杆小头采用抗拉强度 ob≥700MPa 的钢材或合金材料作为硬基材 料， 所述连杆小头 1采用在气缸压力通过活塞销 4作用下所述连杆小头孔 3沿轴向发生 的弹性形变 Δ2同与所述连杆小头孔 3配合的活塞销 4沿轴向产生的弯曲变形 Δ1相适应 的柔性结构。
在上述方案中， 所述柔性结构的连杆小头 1分为连杆小头孔本体 1.1和柔性支撑两 部分，所述连杆小头孔本体 1.1上设有一个完整等直径圆孔的所述连杆小头孔 3，所述柔 性结构为位于所述连杆小头孔 3两端各有一段沿轴向分别向所述连杆小头孔 3两端外延 伸的呈敞开状的小于半圆孔形式的瓦状支撑结构 1.2，该瓦状支撑结构 1.2的敞开端朝向 连杆的小头方向， 该瓦状支撑结构 1.2内圆弧面是所述连杆小头孔内圆弧面的延伸。
优选地， 所述瓦状支撑结构 1.2 的厚度为沿轴向向两端逐渐变薄。 使连杆小头孔 3 的刚度沿轴向从中央向两端逐渐变小，更好地适应工作时活塞销沿轴向产生的弯曲变形。 优选地， 在所述连杆小头孔本体 1.1中的所述连杆小头孔 3两端面相互平行。
优选地，所述瓦状支撑结构 1.2对称设置于所述连杆小头孔本体 1.1上所述连杆小头 孔 3的两端， 这样能更好地适应工作时活塞销沿轴向产生的弯曲变形。
优选地， 所述瓦状支撑结构的厚度 H2为 4〜8mm。
优选地， 所述瓦状支撑结构与连杆小头孔本体之间为平滑过渡的连接弧连接， 连接 弧半径 R3为 10〜30mm。
优选地， 所述连杆小头 1 中两瓦状支撑结构外端面之间的宽度 L1与连杆小头孔本 体宽度 L2的比值在 1.5〜2.5之间。
优选地， 在所述连杆小头孔 3朝向连杆杆身 2方向的圆弧内表面沿轴向设有圆弧形 油槽 5。
本发明将传统的往复式内燃机连杆小头孔受力面下端由刚性结构改为局部柔性结 构， 具体就是连杆小头采用硬基软结构， 即连杆小头采用抗拉强度 ob≥700MPa的钢材或 合金材料作为硬基材料， 连杆小头采用在气缸压力通过活塞销作用下所述连杆小头孔沿 轴向发生的弹性形变 Δ2同与连杆小头孔配合的活塞销沿轴线产生的弯曲变形 Δ1相适应 的柔性结构。变形情况参见图 6。 从而工作时摩擦面不会产生微观局部"硬接触点"， 避免 了摩擦时"咬合"现象的发生。
特别是本发明采用特殊的柔性结构的连杆小头 1， 即连杆小头孔本体 1.1上设有一个 完整等直径圆孔的所述连杆小头孔 3， 在连杆小头孔 3两端设有瓦状支撑结构 1.2等特点， 使本发明所述的连杆小头孔 3无论在活塞销受力发生形变，或不受力未发生形变， 以及受 力状态变化导致活塞销形变随时间发生变化的情况下，连杆小头孔 3也能与活塞销之间产 生良好的配合。 即本发明能在全工况的条件下实现连杆小头孔 3与活塞销之间的良好配 合， 彻底改善连杆小头孔与活塞销之间的摩擦性能。
另外本发明通过在小头孔两侧铣削两条贯穿小头孔 3的油槽 5， 利用连杆小头两侧敞 开的小于半圆孔形式的瓦状支撑结构 1.2， 将发动机曲轴箱内飞溅的润滑油收集起来， 经 过油槽 5导入摩擦面， 并通过调整油槽 5参数 （油槽中心与小头孔中心连线同小头孔垂直 中心线之间的夹角、 油槽深度 H3、 润滑油楔入角等）， 实现有效的润滑和散热， 从而避 免摩擦面发生"黏着摩损"。
本发明连杆小头孔内无需压装衬套， 从而避免了由于衬套旋转导致油路堵塞现象的 发生。
综上所述， 本发明所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆对提高商用车发动机工作可靠性， 简化连杆结构， 节约制造成本都具有十分重要的现实意义。 附图说明
图 1是传统的带衬套连杆小头结构示意图；
图 2是本发明所述连杆小头剖视图；
图 3是图 2的左视图；
图 4是本发明所述连杆小头立体图；
图 5图 4中 A处局部放大图；
图 6是本发明所述连杆小头与活塞销配合弯曲变形示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图通过实施例对本发明的特征做进一步详细说明， 以便于本领域普通技 术人员的理解。
参见图 2、 图 3、 图 4， 本实施例涉及一种硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 包括连杆小头 1、 连杆杆身 2， 在连杆小头 1中设有连杆小头孔 3， 其中， 所述连杆小头采用硬基软结构， 所述硬基软结构中的硬基指的是连杆小头采用抗拉强度 ob≥700MPa 的钢材或合金材料 作为硬基材料， 如： 38MnVS6, C70S6等。
所述硬基软结构中的软结构指的是连杆小头 1采用在气缸压力通过活塞销作用下所 述连杆小头孔 3沿轴向发生的弹性形变同 Δ2与连杆小头孔 3配合的活塞销 4沿轴向产 生的弯曲变形 Δ1相适应的柔性结构， 以保证连杆小头孔 3与活塞销 4良好配合。 在本 实施例中， 所述柔性结构的连杆小头 1分为连杆小头孔本体 1.1和柔性支撑两部分， 所 述连杆小头孔本体 1.1上设有一个沿轴线方向等直径的完整圆孔的连杆小头孔 3，所述柔 性结构为位于连杆小头孔 3两端各有一段沿轴向分别向连杆小头孔 3两端外延伸的呈敞 开状的小于半圆孔形式的瓦状支撑结构 1.2，所述瓦状支撑结构 1.2与连杆小头孔本体 1.1 两端为一体结构， 该瓦状支撑结构 1.2的敞开端朝向连杆的小头方向， 该瓦状支撑结构 内圆弧面是连杆小头孔内圆弧面的延伸。 所述瓦状支撑结构可以采用等厚度设计， 厚度 H2为 4〜8mm， 也可以变厚度设计， 即瓦状支撑结构厚度沿轴向向两端逐渐变薄， 此时瓦状支撑结构的内表面与连杆小头孔 3 内表面呈相同弧度， 为沿轴线方向等直径的圆弧。 所述瓦状支撑结构与连杆小头孔本 体之间为平滑过渡的连接弧连接，其连接弧半径 R3为 10〜30mm。所述连杆小头 1中两 瓦状支撑结构外端面之间的宽度 L1与连杆小头孔本体宽度 L2的比值在 1.5〜2.5之间。 本实施例所述瓦状支撑结构 1.2的厚度为沿轴向向两端逐渐变薄。
在所述连杆小头孔 3朝向连杆杆身 2方向的圆弧内表面沿轴向设有两条圆弧形油槽 5。 圆弧形油槽 5的直径 Φϋ2为 10〜30mm， 油槽 5深度 H3为 0.1〜0.3mm。
本发明将传统的往复式内燃机连杆小头下端由刚性结构改为局部柔性结构。 具体地 通过调整 Ll、 L2、 Rl、 R2、 R3、 H2等关键参数， 其中， L1为连杆小头 1中两瓦状支 撑结构外端面之间的宽度， L2为连杆小头孔本体宽度， R1为连杆杆身 2的加强筋与瓦 状支撑结构之间圆弧过渡连接半径， R2为连杆杆身 2本体与瓦状支撑结构之间圆弧过渡 连接半径， R3为瓦状支撑结构与连杆小头孔本体 1.1之间连接弧半径， H2为瓦状支撑 结构的厚度， 调整连杆杆身与小头连接处刚性， 使其较传统连杆设计偏软， 达到软结构 的设计目的，使其在受力状态发生的弹性变形 Δ2与活塞销受力时产生的弯曲变形 Δ1相 适应。 这样工作时摩擦面上就不会产生"硬接触点"， 从而避免产生"咬合"现象。
参见图 4，另外在小头孔两侧铣削两条贯穿小头孔的油槽 5，利用连杆小头两侧敞开 的小于半圆瓦状支撑结构， 将发动机曲轴箱飞溅的润滑油收集起来， 通过油槽导入摩擦 面。 通过合理设计油槽的参数 （油槽中心与小头孔中心连线同小头孔垂直中心线之间的 夹角 α、 油槽深度 Η3、 润滑油楔入角等）， 实现有效的润滑和散热， 从而避免的摩擦面 发生"黏着摩损"。
本实施例提出一个具体的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 在该实施例中 L 1 =44mm,L2=23mm,R 1 =8mm,R2= 15mm,R3=20mm,H 1=13.65mm，H2=5.9mm,H3=0.15mm ,ODl=44mm, OD2=25mm, a=50°。 其中， Φϋΐ 为连杆小头孔直径。 该连杆的连杆小头 在工作过程中能够顺应活塞销变形， 从而避免产生"咬合"现象， 该连杆已经通过一些列 的发动机试验考核。 在 1000h发动机可靠性试验中，小头孔内未发生异常磨损， 试后测量 小头孔径向最大磨损量为 0.005mm，小头孔沿轴向未发生任何塑性变形。
尽管上述实施例对本发明做了详尽的描述， 但人们还可以对其作出不偏离其中心思 想的修改， 如所述连杆小头 1采用其他的柔性结构， 使连杆小头 1采用在气缸压力通过 活塞销 4作用下所述连杆小头孔 3沿轴向发生的弹性形变 Δ2同与所述连杆小头孔 3配 合的活塞销 4沿轴向产生的弯曲变形 Δ1相适应。 这些都属于本发明的保护范围， 本发 明的保护范围应以权利要求书为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种硬基软结构内燃机连杆，包括连杆小头（1)、连杆杆身（2)，在连杆小头（1) 中设有连杆小头孔 （3)， 其特征在于， 所述连杆小头采用硬基软结构， 即连杆小头采用 抗拉强度 ob≥700MPa的钢材或合金材料作为硬基材料， 所述连杆小头 （1) 采用在气缸 压力通过活塞销 （4) 作用下所述连杆小头孔 （3) 沿轴向发生的弹性形变 Δ2 同与所述 连杆小头孔 （3) 配合的活塞销 （4) 沿轴向产生的弯曲变形 Δ1相适应的柔性结构。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于， 所述柔性结构的连 杆小头（1)分为连杆小头孔本体（1.1)和柔性支撑两部分， 所述连杆小头孔本体（1.1) 上设有一个完整等直径圆孔的所述连杆小头孔 （3)， 所述柔性支撑为位于所述连杆小头 孔 （3) 两端各有一段沿轴向分别向所述连杆小头孔 （3) 两端外延伸的呈敞开状的小于 半圆孔形式的瓦状支撑结构 （1.2)， 该瓦状支撑结构 （1.2) 的敞开端朝向连杆的小头方 向， 该瓦状支撑结构 （1.2) 内圆弧面是所述连杆小头孔内圆弧面的延伸。
3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于所述瓦状支撑结构 (1.2) 的厚度为沿轴向向两端逐渐变薄。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆，其特征在于在所述连杆小头孔本 体 （1.1) 中的所述连杆小头孔 （3) 两端面相互平行。
5. 根据权利要求 2 所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于所述瓦状支撑结构 (1.2) 对称设置于所述连杆小头孔本体 （1.1) 上所述连杆小头孔 （3) 的两端。
6. 根据权利要求 2 所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于所述瓦状支撑结构 (1.2) 的厚度 H2为 4〜8mm。
7. 根据权利要求 2 所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于所述瓦状支撑结构 ( 1.2)与连杆小头孔本体（1.1 )之间为平滑过渡的连接弧连接， 连接弧半径 R3为 10〜 30mm
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于所述连杆小头 （1 ) 中两瓦状支撑结构外端面之间的宽度 L1与连杆小头孔本体宽度 L2的比值在 1.5〜2.5之 间。
9. 根据权利要求 2所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆，其特征在于在所述连杆小头孔 (3 ) 朝向连杆杆身 （2) 方向的圆弧内表面沿轴向设有圆弧形油槽 （5 )， 圆弧形油槽 （5 ) 的 直径 Φϋ2为 10〜30mm， 油槽 （5 ) 深度 H3为 0.1〜0.3mm。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9 中任一权利要求所述的硬基软结构内燃机连杆， 其特征在于 所述连杆小头采用 38MnVS6或 C70S6硬基材料。
PCT/CN2012/080791 2012-07-16 2012-08-30 硬基软结构内燃机连杆 WO2014012293A1 (zh)

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DE201211005725 DE112012005725T5 (de) 2012-07-16 2012-08-30 Pleuelstange für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit harter Basis und weicher Struktur
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