WO2014007301A1 - 造水方法および造水装置 - Google Patents
造水方法および造水装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014007301A1 WO2014007301A1 PCT/JP2013/068288 JP2013068288W WO2014007301A1 WO 2014007301 A1 WO2014007301 A1 WO 2014007301A1 JP 2013068288 W JP2013068288 W JP 2013068288W WO 2014007301 A1 WO2014007301 A1 WO 2014007301A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/24—Quality control
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/20—Total organic carbon [TOC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/29—Chlorine compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/36—Biological material, e.g. enzymes or ATP
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fresh water generation method and a fresh water generator for removing impurities from water to be treated (raw water).
- reverse osmosis membranes are widely applied in seawater desalination around the world and form the core of membrane separation technology for water treatment.
- a major problem in applying a reverse osmosis membrane to water treatment is contamination of the membrane surface called fouling and chemical degradation of the membrane.
- the impurity contained in the water to be treated is deposited or adsorbed on the surface of the membrane or the flow path of the separation membrane, thereby reducing the performance of the separation membrane.
- a flocculant is added to the water to be treated, and on the other hand, a part of the water to be treated is once pressurized to dissolve the gas and then fine.
- a pressure flotation method in which bubbles are aerated and the agglomerates of oil or suspended solids in the water to be treated are adsorbed to the bubbles and floated and separated. On the contrary, agglomerates are settled and separated naturally or by a sedimentation plate. It is common to perform the treatment with a separation membrane after removing impurities in advance by performing a precipitation method, a solid-liquid separation method such as filtration, or the like. However, when a flocculant is added, agglomerated waste is generated, and its processing cost and environmental impact are becoming problems.
- Patent Document 3 As a method for removing hypochlorous acid instead of adding a reducing agent, as shown in Patent Document 3, a method of vaporizing and removing hypochlorous acid by air aeration is known.
- the object of the present invention is to keep the use of chemicals to the minimum necessary even if the properties of raw water fluctuate, reduce the amount of coagulated waste as much as possible, and suppress fouling and deterioration of the separation membrane.
- the object is to provide a water production method and a water production apparatus.
- the present invention comprises the following configurations (1) to (14).
- At least one water quality index selected from the group consisting of reduction potential, TC concentration, TOC concentration, chlorophyll concentration, oil concentration, turbidity, and chromaticity is measured by a first sensor arranged upstream of the gas-liquid mixing unit.
- a second sensor for measuring a water quality index substantially the same as that of the first sensor is disposed downstream of the gas-liquid mixing unit and upstream of the separation membrane unit, and the detection value of the first sensor is a set value.
- a third sensor that measures substantially the same water quality index as the second sensor is disposed in at least one of the flow path of the permeated water and the flow path of the concentrated water of the separation membrane unit.
- the water quality index measured by the second sensor is selected from TC concentration, TOC concentration, chlorophyll concentration, oil concentration, turbidity, and chromaticity, and includes at least one of a flocculant and a pH adjuster.
- the water quality index measured by the second sensor is set to hypochlorous acid concentration or oxidation-reduction potential, and a chemical comprising a reducing agent is added downstream of the gas-liquid mixing unit and upstream of the separation membrane unit.
- the fresh water generation method according to (5) is set to hypochlorous acid concentration or oxidation-reduction potential, and a chemical comprising a reducing agent is added downstream of the gas-liquid mixing unit and upstream of the separation membrane unit.
- Carbon dioxide is contained in the gas supplied to the gas-liquid mixing unit, and the supply amount of carbon dioxide is adjusted so that the pH of the raw water after gas-liquid mixing becomes a predetermined value. ) To (10).
- a fresh water generator that purifies raw water by a separation membrane unit, comprising a flocculant addition unit to the raw water, an aggregate separation unit, a flotation separation unit by gas-liquid mixing, and a separation membrane unit;
- a fresh water generator comprising a mechanism for controlling operation, stop, and gas mixing rate of the flotation separation unit by gas-liquid mixing according to a detection value of a water quality index.
- a fresh water generating device for purifying raw water by a separation membrane unit which is provided in the order of at least a solid-liquid separation unit, a flotation separation unit by gas-liquid mixing, and a separation membrane unit.
- a sensor for at least one water quality index selected from the group consisting of acid concentration, redox potential, TC concentration, TOC concentration, chlorophyll concentration, oil concentration, turbidity, and chromaticity is provided, and detection of the water quality index
- a fresh water generator comprising a mechanism for controlling operation and stop of a floating separation unit by gas-liquid mixing and a gas mixing rate according to a value.
- the separation membrane unit using the separation membrane is prevented from being contaminated, and the performance of the separation membrane is fully exhibited while reducing maintenance time and labor. It becomes possible to provide a method.
- the use of chemicals is eliminated or minimized, reducing the cost of chemical consumption and reducing the amount of coagulated waste, and suppressing fouling and chemical degradation of separation membranes, especially reverse osmosis membranes.
- the fresh water generator of the present invention is suitable for carrying out the fresh water generation method described above.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing an example of an embodiment of a fresh water generator used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of another embodiment of the fresh water generator used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the fresh water generator used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the fresh water generator used in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the fresh water generator used in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of still another embodiment of the fresh water generator used in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing an example of an embodiment of a water treatment apparatus to which the water production method of the present invention can be applied.
- raw water 1 is supplied to a raw water tank 2 and then taken by a raw water supply pump 4 and sent to a gas-liquid mixing unit 6.
- a first sensor 3 a is disposed in the flow path between the raw water supply pump 4 and the gas-liquid mixing unit 6.
- the 1st sensor 3a measures the water quality parameter
- the operation, stop, and gas mixing rate of the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 are controlled by operating conditions of the blower 5.
- the 1 illustrates a signal line for controlling the operation of the blower 5 based on the water quality index measured by the first sensor 3a.
- the target substance detected by the water quality index in the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 is appropriately removed from the raw water 1, it is taken out as pretreated water and sent to the separation membrane unit 11 by the booster pump 8, and the permeated water and concentrated water. And separated.
- the concentrated water is discharged from the concentrated water valve 12, and the permeated water is stored in the treated water tank 13 as treated water.
- the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 is preferably a floating separation unit by gas-liquid mixing, which is operated according to the detection value of the first sensor 3a, and floats and separates the target substance of the water quality index to be detected together with the gas mixed in the raw water. Reduce concentration.
- the floating separation unit by gas-liquid mixing can have a water tank, baffle plate, air diffuser 9, scum discharge line 7 and blower 5. Specifically, for example, when the concentration of hypochlorous acid is measured by the first sensor 3a, when the hypochlorous acid is detected in the raw water, the blower 5 is activated, so that air is supplied to the diffuser tube 9. Supply air bubbles in the water tank.
- gas-liquid separation is performed by arranging a plurality of baffle plates in the water tank, so that bubbles are prevented from accompanying the pretreated water.
- the operation and stop of the gas-liquid mixing unit and the gas mixing ratio are controlled to change the hypochlorous acid removal effect by gas-liquid mixing.
- the control of the gas mixing ratio can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing at least one of the supply amount of air sent from the blower and the supply amount of raw water.
- the pretreated water obtained by reducing or removing hypochlorous acid from the raw water is sent to the separation membrane unit 11 by the booster pump 8 and processed.
- hypochlorous acid is reduced or removed, so that deterioration of the separation membrane can be prevented.
- the operation of the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 can be stopped.
- the processing cost can be reduced by operating the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 only when a value equal to or higher than the set upper limit value of the hypochlorous acid concentration is detected.
- the water quality index measured by the first sensor 3a is at least one index selected from hypochlorous acid concentration, redox potential, TC concentration, TOC concentration, chlorophyll concentration, oil concentration, turbidity, and chromaticity. It is.
- the hypochlorous acid concentration is the concentration (mg / L) of hypochlorous acid contained in the treated water (raw water), and a general-purpose chlorine concentration meter can be used as a sensor. It is also possible to know the relative value of the concentration of hypochlorous acid from the value of the redox potential.
- the oxidation-reduction potential is a voltage (mV) measured using an oxidizing substance or a reducing substance contained in the water to be treated as a target substance, and an oxidation-reduction potentiometer usually used for water quality management can be used as a sensor.
- TC concentration can be used as a sensor a TC meter usually used for water quality management, with the total carbon (total carbon) contained in the treated water as the target substance.
- the TOC concentration is an organic substance (total organic carbon) contained in the water to be treated, and a TOC meter (JIS K 0805 or the like) usually used for water quality management can be used as a sensor.
- the chlorophyll concentration can be obtained by using algae (red tide) contained in the treated water as a target substance and using a chlorophyll meter usually used for water quality management as a sensor.
- the oil concentration can be measured by solvent extraction or gas chromatograph as shown in (JIS K 0102) using water-insoluble hydrocarbons or glycerin esters contained in the water to be treated as target substances.
- Commercially available oil content measuring instruments based on the principle can be used as sensors.
- Turbidity is a water quality index whose target substance is a turbid component contained in water to be treated, and a turbidimeter (JIS K 0101) that is usually used for water quality management can be used as a sensor.
- the chromaticity is the chromaticity of the water to be treated, and a chromaticity meter usually used for water quality management can be used as a sensor.
- the fresh water generation method of the present invention can remove the detected target substance by appropriately selecting a water quality index according to the change in the property. .
- concentration of hypochlorous acid and oxidation-reduction potential are measured and the oxidized substance is detected, it is brought into contact with air in the gas-liquid mixing unit and removed so that it does not enter the separation membrane unit. Oxidative degradation of the can be prevented.
- a chlorophyll sensor or chromaticity sensor can be selected for red tide that causes clogging of the separation membrane unit or contamination that is difficult to clean, and an oil sensor, TC sensor, or TOC sensor can be selected for oil.
- a turbidity sensor or a chromaticity sensor can be selected for highly polluted raw water that is likely to occur after rainfall or storm.
- Non-Patent Document 2 As described above, a pressurized levitation method in which the gas is dissolved once after being made into pressurized water and then microbubbles can be applied. Further, the present invention can be achieved even if a stirrer is placed in a water tank, stirred, allowed to flow down naturally like a shower or a fountain, or mixed with gas and liquid by a fountain. The gas mixed here is partly dissolved in the raw water and the rest becomes bubbles.
- the raw water residence time in the gas-liquid mixing unit in the present invention is preferably 2 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less, and more preferably 10 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less.
- the residence time of the raw water in the gas-liquid mixing unit is short, gas-liquid separation does not occur sufficiently, and bubbles and substances to be removed may leak to the subsequent separation membrane unit. On the other hand, if the length is longer than this, the substance to be removed that has been once separated by the bubbles may be mixed again and leak to the subsequent separation membrane unit.
- the separation membrane unit 11 is not particularly limited, and various separation membrane units can be used. However, a wound filter, nonwoven fabric filter, microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration capable of high-precision solid-liquid separation of micrometer or less. Application to nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes that can separate membranes and dissolved substances is preferred. These separation membranes are often difficult to endure against oxidants, high turbidity, oil content, etc., and by applying the fresh water generation method of the present invention to these, the separation membrane unit can be stably and highly accurate. Separation processing is possible. In particular, polyamide nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes, which are currently mainstream, are weak in durability against oxidizing agents. Furthermore, the current mainstream spiral membrane element is not suitable for flow separation.
- the threshold value of the preferable water quality index for the separation membrane unit should be determined individually by the separation membrane unit.
- 1 NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
- 200 NTU or less more preferably 30 NTU or less.
- the treatment is performed, for example, by sand filtration, microfiltration membrane, or ultrafiltration membrane on the upstream side of the reverse osmosis membrane.
- air is generally used as a gas to be mixed, but other gases such as nitrogen may be used.
- gases such as nitrogen
- carbon dioxide is contained, since many of them are dissolved in water, an effect of lowering pH is produced, which is a preferred embodiment. It is also preferable to adjust the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the gas to be mixed depending on the pH to be adjusted.
- exhaust gas having a high concentration of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide because it can contribute to reduction of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas.
- a second sensor 3b that detects the same water quality index as the first sensor 3a is provided upstream of the separation membrane unit 11, and the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 is operated when a value equal to or higher than the set upper limit is detected by the first sensor 3a. Furthermore, it is preferable to control the gas mixing rate according to the detection value of the second sensor 3b. Specifically, the water quality index detected by the second sensor 3b is increased by increasing the gas mixing rate as the detection value of the second sensor 3b increases, that is, by reducing the raw water supply amount or increasing the bubble generation amount. It is preferable to reduce.
- a line indicated by a dotted line from the first sensor 3a and the second sensor 3b to the blower 5 in FIG. 2 is a signal for controlling the operation of the blower 5 based on the water quality index measured by the first sensor 3a and the second sensor 3b. Illustrate a line.
- the chemical liquid pump is disposed downstream of the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 and upstream of the separation membrane unit 11. Degradation of the separation membrane unit 11 can be prevented by adding a reducing agent using a chemical injection unit including the chemical liquid tank 15c and the chemical liquid tank 16c to eliminate the oxidizing power.
- the hypochlorous acid concentration detected by the second sensor 3b is 0.1 mg / L or less, or the oxidation-reduction potential is 500 mV or less.
- the location of the chemical solution injection by the chemical solution pump 15c and the chemical solution tank 16c can be appropriately selected upstream or downstream of the second sensor 3b according to the water quality index.
- the concentration of hypochlorous acid or the oxidation-reduction potential is detected by the second sensor 3b, and the chemical solution is injected in the subsequent stage. It is preferable.
- an oxidant may be intentionally injected into the raw water.
- the contamination and deterioration of the separation membrane can be suppressed without adding other chemicals.
- a chemical liquid injection unit comprising a chemical liquid pump 15b and a chemical liquid tank 16b is provided upstream of the gas-liquid mixing unit 6.
- a flocculant By using it and adding a flocculant, it is possible to increase the removal efficiency in the gas-liquid mixing unit and eliminate the adverse effect on the separation membrane unit in the subsequent stage (see FIG. 3). More preferably, it is possible to adjust the pH by adding a pH adjusting agent from a chemical solution injection unit comprising the chemical solution pump 15a and the chemical solution tank 16a, thereby eliminating the adverse effect on the subsequent separation membrane unit (also FIG. 3). reference). Both the flocculant and the pH adjuster may be added simultaneously, or either one may be added.
- the flocculant when the flocculant is separated by the solid-liquid separation unit 17 after adding the flocculant and the floating separation process by the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 is combined, It is preferable because contamination of the subsequent separation membrane unit due to agent leakage can be reliably prevented.
- the first sensor 3a may be provided immediately after water intake as shown in FIG. 3, but the water quality index may be reduced by the flocculant, so that the downstream of the solid-liquid separation unit 17 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to provide on the side.
- the operating conditions of the separation membrane unit such as reducing the throughput of the separation membrane unit (that is, increasing the amount of concentrated water) Is also a preferred embodiment.
- the separation membrane unit since the permeated water is separated from the raw water as the treated water, there may be a problem in the quality of the treated water if there are components that pass through the treated water as they are. On the other hand, if the water does not pass into the treated water, the value of the water quality index in the concentrated water becomes large. That is, for example, if the oxidizing agent is contained in concentrated water at a high concentration, the stable operation of the separation membrane unit may be impaired. Therefore, in the former case, the third sensor (C1) is provided in the flow path of the permeated water, and in the latter case, the third sensor (C2) is provided in the flow path of the concentrated water. When the detection value of the third sensor (C2) exceeds the set value, it is preferable to stop water supply to the separation membrane unit.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a third sensor (C2) 3c is provided in the flow path of the concentrated water.
- the supply valve 14 is fully closed and the booster pump 8 is stopped or the drain valve 10 is opened, thereby separating the separation membrane.
- the unit 11 can be protected.
- emitted from the drain valve 10 can be discharged
- a line indicated by a dotted line from the third sensor (C2) 3c in FIG. 5 is a signal line for controlling opening and closing of the supply valve 14 and the drain valve 10 based on the water quality index measured by the third sensor (C2) 3c. Illustrate.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which a first sensor 3a is provided in the raw water flow path, a second sensor 3b is provided in the pretreatment water flow path, and a third sensor (C2) 3c is provided in the concentrated water flow path.
- the gas-liquid mixing unit 6 is operated according to the detected value, and further, when the gas mixing rate of the gas-liquid mixing unit reaches the set upper limit value.
- a chemical is added or the operating conditions of the separation membrane unit 11 are controlled.
- a line indicated by a dotted line controls the operation of the gas-liquid mixing unit based on the water quality index measured by the first sensor 3 a, and when the gas mixing rate reaches the upper limit value, the second sensor 3 b Examples of signal lines for controlling the operation of the separation membrane unit 11 according to the detected value of the third sensor (C2) 3c, and the opening and closing of the supply valve 14 and the drain valve 10 according to the detected value of the third sensor (C2) 3c It is.
- the treated water (raw water) to which the present invention is applicable is not particularly limited, and various treated waters such as river water, seawater, sewage treated water, rain water, industrial water, and industrial wastewater can be exemplified. However, it is particularly applicable to sewage treated water and industrial wastewater that may contain various oxidants, river water and rainwater whose turbidity, TOC, and other water quality changes are large depending on the weather. Application to seawater where red tide occurs is preferable.
- the present invention prevents the fouling and deterioration of the separation membrane unit in the latter stage, particularly the reverse osmosis membrane, while keeping the use of the drug at all or the minimum necessary, and reduces the chemical consumption cost. It becomes possible to make a water treatment separation device while reducing the amount of waste while suppressing it.
- Raw water 2 Raw water tank 3a: First sensor 3b: Second sensor 3c: Third sensor 4: Raw water supply pump 5: Blower 6: Gas-liquid mixing unit 7: Scum discharge line 8: Booster pump 9: Air diffuser pipe 10 : Drain valve 11: Separation membrane unit 12: Concentrated water valve 13: Treated water tank 14: Supply valves 15a, 15b, 15c: Chemical liquid injection pumps 16a, 16b, 16c: Chemical liquid tank 17: Solid-liquid separation unit
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、二酸化炭素や二酸化硫黄、窒素酸化物を高濃度に現有する排気ガスを利用すれば、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素や二酸化硫黄、窒素酸化物の削減にも寄与することが出来るため好ましい。
2:原水タンク
3a:第1センサー
3b:第2センサー
3c:第3センサー
4:原水供給ポンプ
5:ブロワー
6:気液混合ユニット
7:スカム排出ライン
8:昇圧ポンプ
9:散気管
10:排水バルブ
11:分離膜ユニット
12:濃縮水バルブ
13:処理水タンク
14:供給バルブ
15a,15b,15c:薬液注入ポンプ
16a,16b,16c:薬液タンク
17:固液分離ユニット
Claims (14)
- 原水を気液混合ユニットに導入して得た前処理水を分離膜ユニットで処理して透過水および濃縮水を得る造水方法であって、前記原水の次亜塩素酸濃度、酸化還元電位、TC濃度、TOC濃度、クロロフィル濃度、油分濃度、濁度、および色度からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの水質指標を前記気液混合ユニットの上流側に配置した第1センサーで測定し、前記水質指標の検出値に応じて、前記気液混合ユニットの運転、停止、および気体混合率を制御する、造水方法。
- 前記気液混合ユニットとして、気液混合による浮上分離ユニットを使用し、その原水滞留時間を2分以上120分以下にする、請求項1に記載の造水方法。
- 前記気液混合ユニットの下流側、かつ分離膜ユニットの上流側に、第1センサーと実質的に同じ水質指標を測定する第2センサーを配置し、第1センサーの検出値が設定値を超えた場合にのみ、気液混合ユニットを運転させるとともに、第2センサーの検出値が設定値を下回るように前記気体混合率を制御する、請求項1または請求項2に記載の造水方法。
- 前記第2センサーと実質的に同じ水質指標を測定する第3センサーを、前記分離膜ユニットから取り出される透過水の流路および濃縮水の流路の少なくとも一つに配置し、少なくとも一つの第3センサーの検出値がその設定値を超えた場合に分離膜ユニットへの給水を停止する、請求項3に記載の造水方法。
- 前記気液混合ユニットの気体混合率が設定上限値に達した場合に、第2センサーの検出値に応じて、薬剤を添加するかもしくは、分離膜ユニットの運転条件を制御する、請求項3または請求項4に記載の造水方法。
- 前記第2センサーで測定する水質指標を、TC濃度、TOC濃度、クロロフィル濃度、油分濃度、濁度、および色度から選ぶとともに、凝集剤およびpH調整剤のうちの少なくとも一つからなる薬剤を、気液混合ユニットの上流側に添加する、請求項5に記載の造水方法。
- 前記原水へ凝集剤を添加し、得られた凝集体を分離処理してから、気液混合による浮上分離処理を行う、請求項5に記載の造水方法。
- 前記第2センサーで測定する水質指標を、次亜塩素酸濃度または酸化還元電位にするとともに、還元剤からなる薬剤を、気液混合ユニットの下流側かつ分離膜ユニットの上流側に添加する、請求項5に記載の造水方法。
- 前記第2センサーで測定される次亜塩素酸濃度を0.1mg/L以下または酸化還元電位を500mV以下にする、請求項8に記載の造水方法。
- 前記原水へ酸化剤を添加し、その後、他の薬品を添加することなく、分離膜ユニットの上流側で気液混合による浮上分離処理を行う、請求項1~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の造水方法。
- 前記気液混合ユニットに供給する気体に二酸化炭素を含有すると共に、気液混合後の原水のpHが予め定められた値になるように、二酸化炭素の供給量を調節する、請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の造水方法。
- 前記分離膜ユニットが精密濾過膜、限外濾過膜、ナノ濾過膜、および逆浸透膜から選ばれるいずれか一つを含む、請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の造水方法。
- 分離膜ユニットによって原水を浄化する造水装置であって、原水への凝集剤添加ユニット、凝集体分離ユニット、気液混合による浮上分離ユニット、および分離膜ユニットから構成されるとともに、原水の次亜塩素酸濃度、酸化還元電位、TC濃度、TOC濃度、クロロフィル濃度、油分濃度、濁度、および色度からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの水質指標のセンサーが備えられていると共に、前記水質指標の検出値に応じて、前記気液混合による浮上分離ユニットの運転、停止、および気体混合率を制御する機構を備える、造水装置。
- 分離膜ユニットによって原水を浄化する造水装置であって、少なくとも、固液分離ユニット、気液混合による浮上分離ユニット、分離膜ユニットの順番に備えられているとともに、原水の次亜塩素酸濃度、酸化還元電位、TC濃度、TOC濃度、クロロフィル濃度、油分濃度、濁度、および色度からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの水質指標のセンサーが備えられていると共に、前記水質指標の検出値に応じて、前記気液混合による浮上分離ユニットの運転、停止、および気体混合率を制御する機構を備える、造水装置。
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