WO2014007111A1 - 鋼材の品質評価方法及び品質評価装置 - Google Patents
鋼材の品質評価方法及び品質評価装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014007111A1 WO2014007111A1 PCT/JP2013/067369 JP2013067369W WO2014007111A1 WO 2014007111 A1 WO2014007111 A1 WO 2014007111A1 JP 2013067369 W JP2013067369 W JP 2013067369W WO 2014007111 A1 WO2014007111 A1 WO 2014007111A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel material quality evaluation method and a quality evaluation apparatus for detecting a steel material using ultrasonic waves and evaluating the quality of the steel material based on the flaw detection result.
- a sheet steel material is manufactured through a plurality of processes such as continuous casting, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, and galvanization.
- Defects that are a problem in the final product of such a thin steel material are surface defects that are problematic in appearance and defects immediately below the surface layer (in the range of about 50 ⁇ m to 10 mm in depth from the surface) that are manifested by pressing. These defects may occur in each of the aforementioned processes.
- defects generated in the continuous casting process include alumina inclusions and powder inclusions.
- one of the causes of surface defects is that bubbles under the surface of the steel material appear on the surface during scale-off treatment in the hot rolling process, and the scale is clogged in the bubbles.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method is an inspection method widely used for flaw detection inside a steel product.
- the generally known ultrasonic flaw detection method is a method for flaw detection using a vertical pulse echo method in which an ultrasonic signal is incident perpendicular to the flaw detection surface. Are acoustically coupled with oil or water, and an echo signal is received by an ultrasonic probe.
- the central part of the thickness of the material to be inspected can be sufficiently detected, but the extreme surface layer part several millimeters below the surface is a dead zone where ultrasonic signals and echo signals cannot be detected. Can't flaw to get into.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the time width of a surface echo signal received by increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic signal in a method for flaw detection using a vertical pulse echo method through water. A method for detecting a multiple reflection echo signal which is shortened and is generated by a defect existing in a surface layer portion is described. According to this method, since it becomes possible to detect a defect echo signal that could not be detected in the conventional dead zone region, it is possible to detect defects in the extreme surface layer portion.
- 11 and 12 respectively show the ultrasonic signal when the surface layer portion (in the range of several mm to 10 mm from the surface) of the inspection object having a rough surface is detected using the ultrasonic flaw detection method described in Patent Document 1. It is a figure which shows the waveform of a reflection path
- FIG. 11 when the surface S of the material to be inspected is rough, the ultrasonic signal transmitted from the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 and reflected by the defect D inside the material to be inspected is reflected at the mountain portion of the surface S.
- the path R1 and the valley portion of the surface S propagate along the reflection path R2.
- the echo signals received by the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 are the surface echo signal ES1 and the defect echo signal propagated through the reflection path R1 (see FIG. 11) shown in FIG.
- the surface echo signal ES1 propagated through the reflection path R1 there is a time difference between the surface echo signal ES1 propagated through the reflection path R1 and the surface echo signal ES2 propagated through the reflection path R2.
- the sound speed of steel is about 5900 m / s and the sound speed in water is about 1490 m / s.
- a surface echo signal ES2 propagated through the reflection path R2 appears at a position corresponding to about 4 mm below the surface with respect to the surface echo signal ES1 propagated through the path R1. For this reason, as shown in FIGS.
- the time width of the surface echo signal ES included in the echo signal received by the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 becomes long, and the surface echo signal ES detects a defect. Therefore, the noise enters the flaw detection gate set for this reason, and the S / N is lowered. As a result, the surface layer defect cannot be detected with high accuracy.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the surface of a steel material is ground and then the surface of the steel material is detected by using an ultrasonic flaw detection method, thereby suppressing the generation of noise due to surface irregularities. How to do is described. However, according to the technique described in Patent Document 2, it becomes impossible to detect defects in the ground surface portion.
- Inspected materials are not only those having a flat surface, but also have a non-flat portion having a rough surface and large irregularities compared to the average surface roughness of the flat portion.
- a dent may be generated by a scale being pushed into the surface in a rolling process or the like, or a dent may be present in a part that has been partially maintained.
- a recess called an oscillation mark exists on the surface of the continuously cast steel piece. For this reason, provision of the technique which can detect the defect of the surface layer part which has an unevenness
- This invention is made in view of the said subject, The objective is to provide the quality evaluation method and quality evaluation apparatus of the steel material which can detect a defect of the surface layer part which has an unevenness
- a quality evaluation method for a steel material scans an ultrasonic signal toward a surface facing the surface of a steel material including a surface layer portion, A step of receiving an echo signal from the steel material generated by scanning, and calculating a propagation path of the echo signal from the surface using the waveform data of the echo signal, and a scanning direction of the ultrasonic signal from the calculated propagation path A step of calculating a shape profile of the surface in the step, and a detection range of an echo signal derived from a defect in the steel material is set as a flaw detection gate based on the shape profile of the surface, and the maximum value of the echo signal in the set flaw detection gate And a step of generating and outputting a defect instruction image in which is mapped.
- the step of calculating the shape profile calculates an envelope waveform with respect to a waveform of an echo signal from the surface, and calculates the propagation path length from the envelope waveform.
- the method further includes a step of calculating a shape profile of the surface in the scanning direction on the ultrasonic signal by performing a smoothing process on the profile of the propagation path in the scanning direction of the ultrasonic signal.
- the quality evaluation method for a steel material according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the smoothing process is a smoothing process using a moving average process.
- the step of receiving the echo signal includes the step of receiving a line-focused ultrasonic signal through water, And a second piezoelectric vibrator that receives the echo signal, and the first piezoelectric vibrator and the second piezoelectric vibrator comprise the first piezoelectric vibration.
- flaw detection means arranged opposite to each other through an acoustic separator so that the intersection position of the ultrasonic signal transmitted by the child and the central axis of the received signal visual field is located within a predetermined depth range in the steel material It is characterized by performing.
- the first and second piezoelectric vibrators may be disposed on a surface where the first piezoelectric vibrator and the second piezoelectric vibrator face each other.
- signals transmitted or received are arranged to be diffused and focused.
- the steel material quality evaluation apparatus scans an ultrasonic signal toward a surface facing the surface of the steel material including the surface layer portion, and the ultrasonic signal
- a flaw detection means for receiving an echo signal from the steel material generated by scanning, and a propagation path of the echo signal from the surface using the waveform data of the echo signal, and scanning of the ultrasonic signal from the calculated propagation path
- a calculation means for calculating a shape profile of the surface in the direction, and a detection range of an echo signal derived from a defect in the steel material is set as a flaw detection gate based on the shape profile of the surface, and the echo signal in the set flaw detection gate is set
- Image generation means for generating and outputting a defect instruction image in which the maximum value is mapped.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a steel quality evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of the quality evaluation process for steel material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an echo signal generated along with scanning of an ultrasonic signal.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating the propagation path of the B echo.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating a B scope image.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method of smoothing the B scope image.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method for generating a defect instruction image.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a C scope image and a B scope image.
- FIG. 9A is a side view showing the configuration of the ultrasonic probe.
- FIG. 9B is a plan view showing the configuration of the ultrasonic probe.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the piezoelectric vibrator.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a reflection path of an ultrasonic signal when a surface layer portion of a test object having a rough surface is detected.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating waveforms of an echo signal and a gate signal when a surface layer portion of a test object having a rough surface is detected.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a steel quality evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the quality evaluation apparatus for steel material includes an ultrasonic flaw detector 10, a flaw detector control unit 11, an A / D conversion unit 12, a waveform memory 13, and a black skin shape profile.
- a calculation unit 14, a defect instruction imaging unit 15, and a defect instruction output unit 16 are provided as main components.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 transmits an ultrasonic signal toward the steel material 1 and receives a reflection signal of the ultrasonic signal from the steel material 1 as an echo signal.
- the flaw detector control unit 11 controls driving of the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 and outputs an echo signal received by the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 to the A / D converter 12.
- the A / D converter 12 converts the waveform data of the analog echo signal output from the flaw detector control unit 11 into the waveform data of the digital echo signal, and converts the waveform data of the echo signal converted into the digital form It is stored in the waveform memory 13.
- the black skin shape profile calculation unit 14, the defect instruction imaging unit 15, and the defect instruction output unit 16 are realized by an information processing apparatus such as a microprocessor executing a computer program.
- the black skin surface profile calculation unit 14 calculates the shape profile of the black skin surface S1 of the steel material 1 using the waveform data of the echo signal stored in the waveform memory 13.
- the defect instruction imaging unit 15 generates, as a defect instruction image, an image of a defect existing on the surface layer portion of the steel material 1 based on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1 of the steel material 1 calculated by the black skin surface shape profile calculation unit 14. To do.
- the defect instruction output unit 16 outputs the defect instruction image generated by the defect instruction imaging unit 15.
- the steel material quality evaluation apparatus having such a configuration detects defects in the surface layer portion having irregularities by executing the following quality evaluation process.
- operation movement of the quality evaluation apparatus of the steel materials at the time of performing quality evaluation processing is demonstrated.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of quality evaluation processing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an ultrasonic flaw detector 10 has a surface S ⁇ b> 2 (hereinafter referred to as a scanning plane S ⁇ b> 2) facing the black skin surface S ⁇ b> 1 of a plate-shaped steel material 1 cut out from a continuously cast steel piece.
- the steel material 1 is set so as to face (see FIG. 1), and starts at the timing when the quality evaluation apparatus is instructed to execute the quality evaluation process, and the quality evaluation process proceeds to step S1.
- step S1 the flaw detector control unit 11 sets the value of the program counter p for designating the length direction position of the steel material 1 to 1. Thereby, the process of step S1 is completed and a quality evaluation process progresses to the process of step S2.
- step S2 the flaw detector control unit 11 reads the width direction scanning data Data (p) corresponding to the value of the program counter p. Thereby, the process of step S2 is completed and the quality evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S3.
- the flaw detector control unit 11 moves the steel material 1 and the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 to move the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 to the position in the length direction of the steel material 1 corresponding to the program counter p. Moving.
- the flaw detector control unit 11 moves the steel material 1 and the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 relatively along the width direction of the steel material 1 in accordance with the width direction scanning data Data (p) read out in the process of step S2.
- the ultrasonic signal is scanned toward the scanning surface S2.
- the flaw detector controller 11 outputs an echo signal received by the ultrasonic flaw detector 10 to the A / D converter 12.
- the A / D converter 12 converts the waveform data of the analog echo signal output from the flaw detector control unit 11 into the waveform data of the digital echo signal, and the waveform of the echo signal converted into the digital form Data is stored in the waveform memory 13. Thereby, the process of step S3 is completed and the quality evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S4.
- the black skin shape profile calculation unit 14 extracts an echo signal (hereinafter referred to as B echo) from the black skin surface S1 from the waveform data of the echo signal stored in the waveform memory 13. Then, the shape profile (B scope image, bottom surface position information) of the black skin surface S1 is calculated using the extracted B echo.
- B echo an echo signal
- FIGS. 3 As shown in FIG. 3, by sending an ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic flaw detector 10, B echo EB from the black skin surface S1 of the steel material 1, echo signal from the defect D in the steel material 1 (hereinafter referred to as F echo). And EF and an echo signal ES from the scanning plane S2 is generated.
- the black skin surface profile calculation unit 14 calculates the propagation path length (propagation time or depth position) of the B echo. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the black skin surface profile calculation unit 14 uses the B echo gate to convert the B echo waveform data from the waveform data of the echo signal stored in the waveform memory 13.
- the propagation path length ⁇ T is calculated from the rise of the B echo waveform BL in the B echo gate.
- an envelope waveform (detection waveform) L1 is calculated by subjecting the absolute value of the B echo waveform BL to processing such as low-pass filter processing and moving average processing.
- the black skin shape profile calculation unit 14 determines the propagation path length ⁇ T of the B echo EB in the scanning direction of the ultrasonic signal based on the propagation path length ⁇ T of the B echo. Is generated as a shape profile of the black skin surface S1 in the scanning direction of the ultrasonic signal. Thereby, the process of step S4 is completed and the quality evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S5.
- the black skin shape profile calculation unit 14 performs a smoothing process on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1 generated by the process of step S4.
- the shape profile of the black skin surface S1, including the F echo immediately below the black skin surface S1 is captured.
- the black skin shape profile calculation unit 14 performs a smoothing process on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1, thereby calculating the shape of the true black skin surface S1.
- the smoothing process can be performed by performing a moving average process or a low-pass filter process using a digital IIR filter, FIR filter, or the like.
- the defect instruction imaging unit 15 sets the F echo detection range as a flaw detection gate based on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1 smoothed by the process of step S5. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the defect instruction imaging unit 15 sets a predetermined amplitude range based on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1 as a flaw detection gate. Then, the defect indication imaging unit 15 generates an F echo profile (F scope image) in the scanning direction of the ultrasonic signal with reference to the black skin surface S1 using the flaw detection gate, and maximizes the amplitude of the F echo. The value (maximum echo height) and its position coordinates are calculated.
- the flaw detection gate By setting the flaw detection gate based on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1, the flaw detection gate can be set so as to follow the unevenness of the black skin surface S1, so that defects on the surface layer portion having the unevenness can be detected with high accuracy. it can. Thereby, the process of step S6 is completed and the quality evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S7.
- step S7 the defect instruction imaging unit 15 outputs the maximum echo height calculated by the process of step S6 and its position coordinates to a temporary storage memory (not shown). Thereby, the process of step S7 is completed, and the quality evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S8.
- the flaw detector control unit 11 determines whether or not there is unprocessed width direction scanning data Data (p). If there is unprocessed width direction scanning data Data (p) as a result of the determination, the flaw detector control unit 11 advances the quality evaluation process to the process of step S9. On the other hand, when there is no unprocessed width direction scanning data Data (p), the flaw detector control unit 11 advances the quality evaluation process to the process of step S10.
- step S9 the flaw detector control unit 11 increments the value of the program counter p by one. Thereby, the process of step S9 is completed, and the quality evaluation process returns to the process of step S2.
- the defect indication imaging unit 15 maps the maximum echo height and the position coordinates of each width direction scanning data Data (p) output to a temporary storage memory (not shown) in the length direction of the steel material 1. By doing so, a defect instruction image is generated.
- the defect instruction output unit 16 outputs the defect instruction image generated by the defect instruction imaging unit 15. Thereby, the process of step S10 is completed and a series of quality evaluation processes are complete
- the defect indication imaging unit 15 performs a labeling process on the position coordinates having the maximum echo height equal to or higher than a preset threshold value, and determines the number of defects, the defect diameter, the defect depth based on the labeling process result. It is also possible to calculate and output the size.
- the flaw detector control unit 11 is a scanning surface S2 facing the black skin surface S1 of the steel material 1 including the surface layer portion. And the echo signal from the steel material 1 generated along with the scan of the ultrasonic signal is received, and the black skin shape profile calculation unit 14 uses the waveform data of the echo signal to obtain the black skin surface.
- the propagation path of the echo signal from S1 is calculated, the shape profile of the black skin surface S1 in the scanning direction of the ultrasonic signal is calculated from the calculated propagation path, and the defect indication imaging unit 15 and the defect indication output unit 16 are A defect indication image in which the detection range of an echo signal derived from a defect in the steel material 1 is set as a flaw detection gate based on the shape profile of the black skin surface S1, and the maximum value of the echo signal in the set flaw detection gate is mapped Generated and output.
- the flaw detection gate can be set to follow the unevenness of the black skin surface S1, so that the surface layer portion having the unevenness can be set. Defects can be detected with high accuracy.
- Example 1 a steel material having a width (C direction) of 300 mm, a length (L direction) of 300 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm is processed from a continuously cast steel piece, and the black skin surface is scanned with ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic probe.
- the steel material was installed so that the surface was opposite, and the reflected signal from the inside of the steel material was received while mechanically scanning the ultrasonic probe.
- the ultrasonic probe uses a single probe with a frequency of 5 MHz, a transducer diameter of ⁇ 12.8 mm, and a focal length of 60 mm, and a steel material having a width of 300 mm ⁇ length of 300 mm is 280 mm in the center width direction of the steel material and 200 mm in the length direction.
- the ultrasonic wave was transmitted and received with the flaw detection pitch being 0.5 mm pitch in both the C direction and the L direction of the steel material.
- the mechanical scanning direction of the ultrasonic probe was the width direction (C direction), and the flaw detection was performed 400 times while shifting by 0.5 mm in the length direction.
- the received waveform was stored in the waveform memory for each scan, and the nth received waveform in the C direction was linked as Data (n) and stored in the waveform memory. Then, after ultrasonically flaw-detecting the entire surface of the steel material and measuring the received waveform, flaw detection was performed under the black skin.
- the absolute value of the received waveform is subjected to moving average processing of 50 points (equivalent to 0.1 ⁇ sec in propagation time), the envelope waveform is calculated, and the position where the amplitude of the envelope waveform is equal to or greater than the threshold Tb Calculated by reading. Since it is preferable that the threshold value Tb for calculating the propagation path of the B echo is as small as possible, a steel material having no defect is flawed in advance and set as the maximum value of noise level of the flaw detection waveform +0.5 dB. In smoothing filter processing for the shape profile of the black skin, 10 points of moving average processing were performed and smoothing processing was performed. FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a two-dimensional image (C scope image and B scope image) obtained by flaw detection of a defect (depth direction: 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm) immediately below the black skin surface according to this example.
- a defect depth direction: 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm
- Example 2 In Example 1, a single probe having a frequency of 5 MHz, a vibrator diameter of 12.8 mm, and a focal length of 60 mm was used as the ultrasonic probe. However, when a single probe is used as an ultrasonic probe, a dead zone occurs due to the influence of the reflected wave from the steel surface, so it is possible to detect within 3 mm from the bottom of the steel surface where the ultrasonic signal enters. Can not. Therefore, in this example, ultrasonic flaw detection was performed using an ultrasonic probe as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- the ultrasonic probe used in this embodiment includes a piezoelectric vibrator 51 and a piezoelectric vibrator 52, and the piezoelectric vibrator 51 and the piezoelectric vibrator 52. Are arranged opposite to each other with an acoustic separator 53 interposed therebetween.
- the piezoelectric vibrators 51 and 52 have a shape capable of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals in a line focus shape. Specifically, when the shape of the piezoelectric vibrators 51 and 52 is a rectangular shape, as shown in FIG. 10, the piezoelectric vibrators 51 and 52 are arranged so that the ultrasonic signal is focused on the long side LS side. The short side SS side is formed so as to be flat so that the ultrasonic signal is diffused.
- the piezoelectric vibrators 51 and 52 may be formed by attaching an acoustic lens to a flat piezoelectric vibrator so that an ultrasonic signal can be transmitted and received in a line focus form.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 51 uses the acoustic coupling method as a water immersion method, that is, transmits a line-focused ultrasonic signal UB through water.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 52 has a line focus-like reception signal field RS, and receives an echo signal generated with the ultrasonic signal UB transmitted by the piezoelectric vibrator 51.
- the piezoelectric vibrators 51 and 52 are formed such that signals transmitted or received are diffused and converged in directions perpendicular to and parallel to the surfaces of the piezoelectric vibrator 51 and the piezoelectric vibrator 52 facing each other. Has been.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 51 and the piezoelectric vibrator 52 adjust the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the central axis with respect to the normal line of the steel material surface S1, thereby the center of the ultrasonic signal UB transmitted by the piezoelectric vibrator 51.
- the intersection position P between the axis L1 and the central axis L2 of the received signal visual field RS is arranged so as to be located within a predetermined depth range Dc in the steel material.
- the piezoelectric vibrator 51 and the piezoelectric vibrator 52 are arranged such that the focal depth F in the steel is within a predetermined depth range Dc in the steel.
- the piezoelectric transducer 51 and the piezoelectric transducer 52 are directed in a direction different from the regular reflection direction. For this reason, the signal transmitted from the piezoelectric vibrator 51 and reflected by the surface of the steel material is not easily received by the piezoelectric vibrator 52, and the amplitude of the surface reflected wave (S echo) is reduced. Further, since the acoustic separator 53 blocks the scattered wave that is reflected on the surface of the steel material and leaks into the piezoelectric vibrator 52, the amplitude of the surface reflected wave is further reduced, and the dead zone can be reduced as much as possible. .
- the two-divided probe used for the flaw detection of a thick plate has the same configuration as the ultrasonic probe used in the present embodiment at first glance.
- the wedge is made of a resin material, and the acoustic coupling method is a water thin film method (gap method).
- the ultrasonic probe used in the present embodiment does not use a wedge, so no noise is generated due to distance fluctuation.
- the ultrasonic signal is increased in frequency to narrow the dead zone of the S echo, and the ultrasonic signal is focused in order to receive the reflected wave from the defect with a high S / N ratio.
- the ultrasonic probe used in this example is arranged so that the side where the line-focused ultrasonic signal is diffused intersects the depth direction of the steel material. A reflected wave from a defect existing in the measurement depth range Dc shown in FIG. 9A can be received.
- the dead zone can be narrowed and a wide depth range of the steel material can be detected without increasing the frequency of the ultrasonic signal.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a quality evaluation method and a quality evaluation apparatus for a steel material that can detect flaws in the surface layer having irregularities with high accuracy.
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Abstract
Description
始めに、図1を参照して、本発明の一実施形態である鋼材の品質評価装置の構成について説明する。
このような構成を有する鋼材の品質評価装置は、以下に示す品質評価処理を実行することによって、凹凸を有する表層部の欠陥を探傷する。以下、図2に示すフローチャートを参照して、品質評価処理を実行する際の鋼材の品質評価装置の動作について説明する。
本実施例では、連続鋳造された鋼片から幅(C方向)300mm×長さ(L方向)300mm×厚み5mmの鋼材を加工し、黒皮面を超音波探触子から超音波を走査する面と反対面になるように鋼材を設置し、超音波探触子を機械走査しながら、鋼材内部からの反射信号を受信した。このとき、超音波探触子は周波数5MHz、振動子径φ12.8mm、焦点距離60mmの単一プローブを用い、幅300mm×長さ300mmの鋼材に対し鋼材の中央幅方向280mm、長さ方向200mmの範囲を、探傷ピッチを鋼材のC方向、L方向共に0.5mmピッチとして超音波の送受信を行った。また、超音波探触子の機械走査方向は幅方向(C方向)とし、長さ方向に0.5mmずつずらしながら400回探傷を行った。また、一度の走査毎に受信波形は波形メモリに格納し、n回目のC方向の受信波形をData(n)として紐付けして波形メモリに格納した。そして、鋼材全面を超音波探傷して受信波形を測定した後、黒皮面下の探傷を行った。
実施例1では、超音波探触子として、周波数5MHz、振動子径φ12.8mm、焦点距離60mmの単一プローブを用いた。しかしながら、超音波探触子として単一プローブを用いた場合、鋼材表面からの反射波の影響によって不感帯が生じるため、超音波信号が入射する鋼材表面下から3mm程度の範囲内を探傷することができない。そこで、本実施例では、図9A,9Bに示すような超音波探触子を用いて超音波探傷を行った。
10,100 超音波探傷子
11 探傷子制御部
12 A/D変換部
13 波形メモリ
14 黒皮面形状プロファイル計算部
15 欠陥指示画像化部
16 欠陥指示出力部
51,52 圧電型振動子
53 音響隔離板
D 欠陥
S1 黒皮面
S2 走査面
Claims (6)
- 表層部を含む鋼材の表面に対向する面に向けて超音波信号を走査し、該超音波信号の走査に伴い発生する鋼材からのエコー信号を受信するステップと、
前記エコー信号の波形データを用いて前記表面からのエコー信号の伝播路程を算出し、算出された伝播路程から超音波信号の走査方向における前記表面の形状プロファイルを算出するステップと、
前記表面の形状プロファイルに基づいて鋼材内の欠陥に由来するエコー信号の検出範囲を探傷ゲートとして設定し、設定した探傷ゲート内のエコー信号の最大値をマッピングした欠陥指示画像を生成、出力するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする鋼材の品質評価方法。 - 前記形状プロファイルを算出するステップは、前記表面からのエコー信号の波形に対する包絡線波形を算出し、該包絡線波形から前記伝播路程を算出し、超音波信号の走査方向における伝播路程のプロファイルに対し平滑化処理を施すことによって、超音波信号に走査方向における前記表面の形状プロファイルを算出するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼材の品質評価方法。
- 前記平滑化処理は、移動平均処理を用いた平滑化処理であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の鋼材の品質評価方法。
- 前記エコー信号を受信するステップを、水を介してラインフォーカス状の超音波信号を送信する第1の圧電型振動子と、ラインフォーカス状の受信信号視野を有し、前記エコー信号を受信する第2の圧電型振動子と、を備え、第1の圧電型振動子と第2の圧電型振動子とが、第1の圧電型振動子が送信する超音波信号と前記受信信号視野の中心軸との交差位置が鋼材中の所定の深さ範囲内に位置するように音響隔離板を介して対向配置されている探傷手段を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項1~3のうち、いずれか1項に記載の鋼材の品質評価方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の圧電型振動子は、第1の圧電型振動子と第2の圧電型振動子とが対向する面に対して垂直及び平行な方向ではそれぞれ送信又は受信する信号が拡散及び集束するように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の鋼材の品質評価方法。
- 表層部を含む鋼材の表面に対向する面に向けて超音波信号を走査し、該超音波信号の走査に伴い発生する鋼材からのエコー信号を受信する探傷手段と、
前記エコー信号の波形データを用いて前記表面からのエコー信号の伝播路程を算出し、算出された伝播路程から超音波信号の走査方向における前記表面の形状プロファイルを算出する算出手段と、
前記表面の形状プロファイルに基づいて鋼材内の欠陥に由来するエコー信号の検出範囲を探傷ゲートとして設定し、設定した探傷ゲート内のエコー信号の最大値をマッピングした欠陥指示画像を生成、出力する画像生成手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする鋼材の品質評価装置。
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JP2003322646A (ja) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-14 | Hitachi Kenki Fine Tech Co Ltd | 超音波映像装置 |
JP2011013092A (ja) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-20 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波検査用装置 |
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JPH02150766A (ja) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-11 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波探傷装置 |
JP2003322646A (ja) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-14 | Hitachi Kenki Fine Tech Co Ltd | 超音波映像装置 |
JP2011013092A (ja) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-20 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波検査用装置 |
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