WO2014000555A1 - 制备依非韦伦i型结晶的方法 - Google Patents

制备依非韦伦i型结晶的方法 Download PDF

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WO2014000555A1
WO2014000555A1 PCT/CN2013/076731 CN2013076731W WO2014000555A1 WO 2014000555 A1 WO2014000555 A1 WO 2014000555A1 CN 2013076731 W CN2013076731 W CN 2013076731W WO 2014000555 A1 WO2014000555 A1 WO 2014000555A1
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efavirenz
crystal
type
solvent
organic solvent
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PCT/CN2013/076731
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李金亮
赵楠
张良
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上海迪赛诺药业有限公司
上海迪赛诺化学制药有限公司
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Publication of WO2014000555A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014000555A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D265/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D265/041,3-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazines
    • C07D265/121,3-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D265/141,3-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
    • C07D265/181,3-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring with hetero atoms directly attached in position 2

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and in particular relates to a method for preparing efavirenz type I crystals. Background technique
  • Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase developed by Merck in Germany and can be used in combination with other retroviral inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection in children and adults. Efavirenz is also the first anti-HIV drug to be approved for HIV-1 adult-infected people in the United States, and has become the most widely prescribed drug in the initial treatment of HIV-infected people.
  • W09833782 discloses type I, type II and type III crystals of efavirenz, and WO9964405 also discloses two other crystal forms: type IV crystal and type V crystal.
  • Form I is the thermodynamically most stable crystal, and some crystal forms are converted to Form I during processes such as high temperature drying (e.g., about 90 ° C).
  • high temperature drying e.g., about 90 ° C.
  • the crystal transformation through the drying process may result in incomplete crystal transformation due to uneven heat transfer, and it is easy to form mixed crystals.
  • Both W09833782 and WO9964405 report the preparation of efavirenz type I crystals.
  • the method reported by W09833782 is as follows: The efavirenz starting material is dissolved in ethanol, anti-solvent water is added at room temperature, and then seed crystals are added to induce crystallization.
  • the method for directly crystallizing type I crystal reported by WO9964405 is: dissolving the efavirenz starting material in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and heptane at room temperature, and then continuously adding heptane to keep the total volume of the solution unchanged. The tetrahydrofuran was distilled off, and finally the temperature was lowered, and seed crystals were added to induce crystallization.
  • W09833782 has also reported that efavirenz is crystallized in a heptane-tetrahydrofuran solvent system, and it is easy to obtain type II crystal, so this method is not suitable for industrial production. W09833782 The reported method has been found by the inventors to find that high-purity type I crystals are not obtained during crystallization, often accompanied by V-form crystals.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of high purity efavirenz Form I crystals.
  • a process for the preparation of efavirenz Form I crystals comprising the steps of:
  • the solvent of the solution is an organic solvent or a mixed solvent composed of an organic solvent and an anti-solvent, and the anti-solvent is water, 0 5 -8 aliphatic hydrocarbon or .
  • the temperature of the efavirenz-containing solution of the step (1) is controlled at 30-60 ° C to carry out crystallization, thereby obtaining efavirenz type I crystal.
  • the step (1) is to dissolve efavirenz in an organic solvent or a mixed solvent composed of an organic solvent and an anti-solvent to form an efavirenz-containing solution, wherein the The anti-solvent is water, aliphatic hydrocarbon or. An aromatic hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.
  • the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, or a combination thereof.
  • the organic solvent is an organic solvent having a solubility of 5% in water at 20 ° C; preferably, the organic solvent is an organic solvent having a solubility in water of 20% at 20 ° C; More preferably selected from the group consisting of CM fatty alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO;), or a combination thereof; Best for. ⁇ fatty alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, or a combination thereof.
  • the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the antisolvent in the mixture solvent is 1 ⁇
  • step (2) the temperature is controlled at 35-45 t.
  • the purity of the efavirenz Form I crystal obtained in the step (2) is 5 ⁇ 95%; preferably 99%.
  • the ratio of the mass of efavirenz to the organic solvent or the mixed solvent composed of the organic solvent and the anti-solvent (g / mL) is 1: 1-100; Preferably 1: 5-15.
  • the method further comprises: arranging the solution temperature to 30-60 ° C, adding efavirenz seed crystals and/or anti-solvent to analyze crystal.
  • the efavirenz seed crystal is efavirenz type I crystal, or a mixed seed crystal of efavirenz type I crystal and V type crystal;
  • the weight ratio or molar ratio of the type I to the type V is ⁇ 1:1; more preferably ⁇ 5:1.
  • the step (2) further comprises the steps of: adding (eg, adding) an anti-solvent to the solution after the start of the crystallization process, and/or separating the precipitated efavirenz I After the type of crystallization, an anti-solvent is added (e.g., added dropwise) to the solution.
  • the volume ratio of the antisolvent to the efavirenz-containing solution obtained in the step (1) is from 0.1 to 50:1, preferably from 0.1 to 5:1; more preferably 0.1 -1 : 1.
  • a high-purity type I crystal obtained by the preparation method according to the first aspect of the present invention; and the content of the V-type crystal in the high-purity type I crystal is 5%, preferably Ground 1% or 0.5%, more preferably 0.2% or 0.1%.
  • Figure 1 shows the XRPD pattern of Form I crystals.
  • Figure 2 shows the XRPD pattern of Form V crystals.
  • Figure 3 shows the DSC spectrum of Form I crystals.
  • Figure 4 shows the DSC spectrum of Form V crystal.
  • Figure 5 shows the IR spectrum of Form I crystals.
  • Figure 6 shows the IR spectrum of the V-type crystal.
  • Figure 7 shows a polarizing microscope photograph of Form I crystal.
  • Figure 8 shows a polarizing microscope photograph of a V-type crystal.
  • Figure 9 shows a polarizing microscope photograph of a mixed crystal of type I and type V. detailed description
  • antisolvent includes water and a portion of a small polar solvent, including: a partially aliphatic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon compound.
  • the aliphatic hydrocarbon is preferably a c 5 -8 aliphatic hydrocarbon.
  • the "C 5 s s aliphatic hydrocarbon” as used in the present invention is a linear or branched chain alkane or a cyclic alkane having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, for example: a chain pentane such as n-pentane or isopentane Or neopentane), chain hexane (including n-hexane, etc.), chain hydrazine (including n-glycol, etc.), chain octane (including n-octane, etc.), cyclopentane, cyclohexane, ring Geng or cyclooctane.
  • a chain pentane such as n-pentane or isopentane Or neopentane
  • chain hexane including n-hexane, etc.
  • chain hydrazine including n-glycol, etc.
  • chain octane including n-
  • aromatic hydrocarbon as used in the present invention has an aromatic compound such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene or the like; preferably an aromatic compound having 5 to 12 carbon atoms; more preferably an aromatic having 5 to 10 carbon atoms a compound (C ⁇ .aromatic hydrocarbon:) comprising benzene or substituted benzene, the substituent being a substituent at one or more positions on the benzene ring, which may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and Propyl, isopropyl, and the like.
  • the "organic solvent having a solubility in water ⁇ 5% by weight at 20 ° C" as used in the present invention means the highest weight of the organic solvent which can be dissolved in 100 g of water at 20 ° C ⁇ 5 g.
  • the invention provides a preparation method of efavirenz type I crystal, which comprises the following steps:
  • the solvent of the solution is an organic solvent or a mixed solvent composed of an organic solvent and an anti-solvent, and the anti-solvent is water, C 5 s aliphatic hydrocarbon or .
  • efavirenz-containing solution is formed by dissolving efavirenz in an organic solvent or a mixed solvent composed of an organic solvent and an anti-solvent.
  • the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, or a combination thereof.
  • the water used in the present invention is purified water or purified water, such as distilled water or deionized water; preferably water distilled once or twice.
  • the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of organic solvents having a solubility in water of ⁇ 5% at 20 ° C, preferably an organic solvent having a solubility in water of 2 CTC ⁇ 20%, more preferably -6 fatty alcohol, Acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, or a combination thereof, is most preferably C, 3 fatty alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, or a combination thereof.
  • the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the antisolvent in the solvent of the mixture is 1:1; preferably 5:1; more preferably 9:1.
  • the ratio of the mass of efavirenz to the volume of the organic solvent or the mixed solvent composed of the organic solvent and the anti-solvent is 1: 1-100, preferably 1: 5-15.
  • the crystallization time depends on the crystallization rate.
  • the crystallization rate is slow, if the crystallization time is too short, the crystallization of the type I crystal may be incomplete, resulting in a decrease in the yield of the type I crystallization. Therefore, the crystallization time can be appropriately extended; when the crystallization rate is fast, the crystallization time can be appropriately shortened.
  • the crystallization time is 10 minutes, preferably 1 hour, more preferably 1 to 8 hours.
  • the step is: after controlling the temperature of the efavirenz-containing solution of the step (1) to 30-60 ° C, adding efavirenz seed crystals and/or the anti-antibiotics as described above The solvent was subjected to induced crystallization to obtain efavirenz type I crystals.
  • the amount of the seed crystal added is a conventional addition amount, preferably 0.1% to 5% (more preferably 1% to 3%) based on the weight of the efavirenz raw material ; the anti-solvent is usually added to the solution to have a solid or Crystallization can occur.
  • the efavirenz seed crystal is selected from the group consisting of efavirenz type I crystals or efavirenz type I and type V mixed crystals; preferably, the mixed seed crystals are type I and V
  • the weight or molar ratio of the type is ⁇ 1:1, preferably ⁇ 5:1.
  • the step of adding an anti-solvent may be further included: adding (eg, adding) an anti-solvent to the solution after the crystallization process starts, And/or after separating the precipitated efavirenz Form I crystals, an anti-solvent is added (as added dropwise) to the solution.
  • the volume ratio of the anti-solvent to the efavirenz-containing solution of the step (1) is preferably from 0.1 to 50:1, preferably from 0.1 to 5:1; more preferably from 0.1 to 0.5:1. .
  • Step cooling crystallization step The mixture obtained in the previous step is cooled to 0-10 ° C, and stirring is continued for a period of time (such as 0.5-10 hours) to make the crystallization more complete.
  • the present invention provides a method for the conversion of Form V efavirenz crystals to Form I efavirenz crystallization, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the solvent of the solution being an organic solvent or a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and an anti-solvent, the anti-solvent being water, C 5 -8 aliphatic hydrocarbon or Cw.
  • the temperature of the solution was controlled at 30 to 60 ° C to effect conversion of the V-type crystal in the solution into a type crystal.
  • the present invention mainly has the following advantages:
  • the invention provides a preparation method of efavirenz type I crystal, the method is simple and convenient to operate, the condition is easy to control, and the mixed crystal phenomenon is avoided, and the obtained efavirenz type I crystal form has a purity of 95%. Above, it can even reach more than 99%.
  • the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementations. It is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • the experimental methods in which the specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are usually carried out according to conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise stated.
  • the raw material used in the present invention is efavirenz as a commercially available product or prepared according to the literature Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998, 63, 8536-43. Test condition
  • X-ray powder diffraction Brucker D8 advance; Scanning range: 2-50°; Scanning speed: 0.17S; Temperature: 20-25 °C o
  • Differential calorimetry scanning DSC TA Q2000; Test range: 25-120 ° C; Heating rate: 10 ° C / min ; N 2 : 50 ml / min.
  • efavirenz starting material 25 g was added to a mixed solvent of 125 mL of ethanol and 100 mL of water, and heated to 50 ° C to completely dissolve. After the solution was dissolved, the temperature was lowered to 40 ° C, and 0.5 g of mixed crystals of type I and type V (molar ratio of 1:1) was added, and the crystal was incubated. After crystals were precipitated, 100 mL of water was added dropwise. After the addition is completed, the temperature is lowered to about 5 °C, and the temperature is aged for 1 hour. Filter, collect the filter cake, and get the wet product. The wet product was subjected to polarized light microscopy and XRPD analysis and identified as type I crystal.
  • Example 3 The wet product was dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C to obtain 24.5 g of efavirenz type I crystal.
  • the XRPD pattern, the DSC pattern, the IR spectrum, and the polarizing microscope photograph were basically the same as those in Example 1.
  • Example 3
  • the water was further added at this temperature to a total volume of about 2.2 L of the solution. Cool down to 10-15 °C, and keep warm for 1-2 hours.
  • Example 1 or Example 2 The method according to Example 1 or Example 2 was carried out except that the experiment was carried out under the conditions described in Table 1.
  • the amount of the organic solvent or the antisolvent used is as shown in Example 1 or Example 2.
  • Example 4-1-1 The product obtained in Example 4-1-1 was efavirenz type I crystal, and its XRPD pattern, DSC pattern, IR spectrum, and polarizing microscope photograph were basically the same as those in Example 1.
  • the DSC spectrum is shown in Figure 4, the IR spectrum is shown in Figure 6, and the polarizing microscope photo is shown in Figure 8.
  • the crystallization temperature is controlled to 30 ° C or higher (preferably 30 to 60 ° C)
  • even a seed crystal of type V crystal or a crystal form of type I and type V is used.
  • High-purity type I crystals can also be obtained by mixing seed crystals.
  • thermodynamic stability of the two crystal forms of type I and type V is an interchanging relationship, and mutual transformation
  • the temperature critical point is about 30 °C.
  • type I thermodynamics are more stable, and type V tends to turn to type I; conversely, at lower temperatures (eg, 25 ° C or below), type I is easier Change to V type.
  • controlling the proper temperature is beneficial to the stable control of the type I crystallization.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备依非韦伦 I型结晶的方法。具体地,本发明公开的方法包括步骤:将依非韦伦溶解在有机溶剂或有机溶剂与抗溶剂的混合溶剂中后,将得到的溶液温度控制在适当温度下进行析晶,从而得到依非韦伦 I 型结晶。本方法操作简便,制得的依非韦伦 I型结晶稳定,晶型纯度可以达到 99%以上。

Description

制备依非韦伦 I型结晶的方法 技术领域
本发明属药物技术领域, 具体涉及一种制备依非韦伦 I型结晶的方法。 背景技术
依非韦伦 (Efavirenz)是德国默克公司开发的 HIV- 1逆转录酶的非核苷抑制 剂, 可与其他逆转录病毒抑制剂联合使用, 用于治疗儿童和成人的 HIV-1感染。 依非韦伦也是首个在美国获准用于 HIV-1成人感染者的一日 1片用药的抗 HIV 药, 并且已经成为在初步治疗 HIV感染者中使用最多的处方用药。
依非韦伦化学名: (S)-6-氯 -4- (环丙乙炔 )-1,4-二氢 -4- (三氟甲基) -2H-3,1-苯 并恶嗪 -2-酮, 商品名: STOCRIN或 SUSTI 式如下所示。
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、丫 〜.·¾ .". 、o
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W09833782公开了依非韦伦的 I型结晶、 II型结晶和 III型结晶, WO9964405 还公开了另外两种晶型: IV型结晶和 V型结晶。 其中晶型 I是热力学上最稳定的 晶体, 某些晶型在诸如高温干燥 (如约 90°C)等过程中会转化为晶型 I。 但在实际 生产中, 通过干燥过程的转晶会因为传热不均匀而导致转晶不完全, 容易形成 混晶
W09833782和 WO9964405均报道了依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法。 W09833782报道的方法为: 将依非韦伦原料溶解在乙醇中, 室温下加入抗溶剂 水, 然后加入晶种诱导析晶。 WO9964405报道的 I型结晶直接结晶的方法为: 在 室温下, 将依非韦伦原料溶解在四氢呋喃和庚垸的混合溶剂中, 然后在不断补 充庚烷以保持溶液总体积不变的情况下, 蒸去四氢呋喃, 最后降温, 加入晶种 诱导析晶。
但是上述方法中, W09833782也已经报道依非韦伦在庚烷-四氢呋喃溶剂体 系中结晶,容易得到 II型结晶, 因此这种方法是不适合工业化生产。 W09833782 报道的方法经发明人研究发现, 在结晶过程中, 不能得到高纯度的 I型结晶, 常 伴有 V型结晶产生。
因此, 本领域仍然需要研发一种制备稳定的、 高纯度的依非韦伦 I型结晶的 方法。 发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种高纯度的依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法。 在本发明第一方面中, 提供了一种依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法, 其包括 步骤:
(1 ) 提供一含依非韦伦的溶液, 其中, 所述溶液的溶剂为有机溶剂或由有 机溶剂和抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂, 所述的抗溶剂为水、 05_8脂肪烃或 。芳香 烃、 或其组合;
(2) 将歩骤 (1 )的含依非韦伦的溶液温度控制在 30-60°C, 进行析晶, 从而 得到依非韦伦 I型结晶。
在另一优选例中,所述步骤 (1 )为将依非韦伦溶解在有机溶剂或由有机溶剂 与抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂中, 形成一含依非韦伦的溶液, 其中所述的抗溶剂为 水、 脂肪烃或 。芳香烃、 或其组合。
在另一优选例中, 所述的抗溶剂选自下组: 水、 正己烷、环己烷、 正庚烷、 或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述的有机溶剂为 20°C下在水中的溶解度 5%的有机溶 剂; 较佳地, 所述的有机溶剂为 20°C下在水中的溶解度 20%的有机溶剂; 更 佳地选自下组: CM脂肪醇、 丙酮、 四氢呋喃、 二氧六环、 乙腈、 N,N-二甲基 甲酰胺 (DMF)、 二甲亚砜 (DMSO;)、 或其组合; 最佳地为。^脂肪醇、 四氢呋喃、 丙酮、 或其组合。
在另一优选例中,在所述混合物溶剂中,有机溶剂和抗溶剂的体积比为 1〜
5: 0.8〜1 .2; 较佳地为 1〜3: 1; 更佳地为 1〜1 .5: 1。
在另一优选例中, 在步骤 (2)中, 所述的温度控制在 35-45 t。
在另一优选例中, 步骤 (2)获得的所述依非韦伦 I型结晶的纯度 5^ 95% ; 优 选 99%。 在另一优选例中, 在步骤 (1)中, 依非韦伦的质量与有机溶剂或由有机溶剂 与抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂的体积之比 (g/mL)为 1 : 1-100; 优选 1 : 5- 15。 在另一优选例中, 在歩骤 (2)中, 还包括歩骤: 将所述的溶液温度控制为 30-60°C时, 加入依非韦伦晶种和 /或抗溶剂, 进行析晶。
在另一优选例中, 所述的依非韦伦晶种为依非韦伦 I型结晶, 或依非韦伦 I 型结晶和 V型结晶的混和晶种;
较佳地, 所述的混和晶种中, I型与 V型的重量比或摩尔比≥1 : 1; 更佳地 为≥5: 1。
在另一优选例中, 在步骤 (2)中还包括步骤: 在析晶过程开始后向所述溶液 中添加 (如滴加)抗溶剂, 和 /或在分离所析出的依非韦伦 I型结晶之后, 再向所述 溶液中添加 (如滴加)抗溶剂。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗溶剂与步骤 (1)得到的含依非韦伦的溶液的体积 比为 0.1-50: 1, 较佳地为 0.1-5 : 1; 更佳地为 0.1 -1 : 1。
在本发明第二方面中, 提供了高纯度 I型晶体, 其按本发明第一方面所述的 制备方法制得; 且所述高纯度 I型晶体中 V型晶体的含量 5%, 较佳地 1%或 0.5%, 更佳地 0.2%或 0.1%。 应理解, 在本发明范围内中, 本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施 例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合, 从而构成新的或优选的技 术方案。 限于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1显示了 I型结晶的 XRPD图谱。
图 2显示了 V型结晶的 XRPD图谱。
图 3显示了 I型结晶的 DSC图谱。
图 4显示了 V型结晶的 DSC图谱。
图 5显示了 I型结晶的 IR图谱。
图 6显示了 V型结晶的 IR图谱。
图 7显示了 I型结晶的偏光显微镜照片。
图 8显示了 V型结晶的偏光显微镜照片。 图 9显示了 I型与 V型混晶的偏光显微镜照片。 具体实施方式
本发明人通过长期而深入的研究,意外地发现一种依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备 方法, 该方法将提供一含依非韦伦的溶液在适当温度 (30-6CTC)下析晶, 可有效 地减少或消除 V型结晶, 从而制得高纯度的依非韦伦 I型结晶。 在此基础上, 发 明人完成了本发明。 如本发明所用 "抗溶剂"包括水和部分小极性溶剂, 所述的小极性溶剂包 括: 部分脂肪烃或芳香烃化合物。 所述的脂肪烃优选 c5_8脂肪烃。
如本发明所用 " C5_s脂肪烃" 为含有 5-8个碳原子的直链或支链的链状烷烃 或环垸烃, 例如: 链状戊烷 (如正戊烷、 异戊烷或新戊烷)、 链状己烷 (包括正己 烷等)、 链状庚垸 (包括正庚垸等)、 链状辛烷 (包括正辛垸等)、 环戊烷、 环己烷、 环庚垸或环辛烷。
如本发明所用 "芳香烃"具有芳香性的化合物, 例如: 苯、 萘、 蒽、 菲等; 优选为含 5-12个碳原子的芳香化合物; 更优选为含 5-10个碳原子的芳香化合物 (C^。芳香烃:), 包括苯或被取代的苯, 所述取代基为苯环上一个或多个任意位 置的的取代基, 可选自下组: 甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基等。
如本发明所用 "20°C下在水中的溶解度≥5%(wt)的有机溶剂",是指在 20°C下 在 100g水中所能溶解的该有机溶剂的最高重量≥5g。 依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法
本发明提供了一种依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法, 包括歩骤:
(1) 提供一含依非韦伦的溶液, 其中, 所述溶液的溶剂为有机溶剂或由有 机溶剂和抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂, 所述的抗溶剂为水、 C5_s脂肪烃或 。芳香 烃、 或其组合;
优选地, 将依非韦伦溶解在有机溶剂或由有机溶剂与抗溶剂组成的混合溶 剂中, 形成一含依非韦伦的溶液。
优选地, 所述的抗溶剂选自下组: 水、 正己烷、 环己烷、 正庚烷、 或其组 合。 本发明所用的水为纯化水或纯净水, 所述的纯化水例如蒸馏水或去离子 水; 优选为经一次蒸馏或二次蒸镏的水。
优选地, 所述有机溶剂选自 20°C下在水中的溶解度≥5%的有机溶剂, 较佳 地为 2CTC下在水中的溶解度≥20%的有机溶剂, 更佳地为 — 6脂肪醇、 丙酮、 四 氢呋喃、 二氧六环、 乙腈、 DMF、 DMSO、 或其组合, 最佳地为 C,_3脂肪醇、 丙酮、 四氢呋喃、 或其组合。
另一优选例中,在所述混合物溶剂中, 有机溶剂和抗溶剂的体积比 1: 1; 较佳地 5: 1; 更佳地 9: 1。
另一优选例中, 在步骤 (1)中, 依非韦伦的质量与有机溶剂或由有机溶剂与 抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂的体积之比 (g/mL)为 1: 1-100, 优选 1: 5-15。
(2) 将步骤(1)的含依非韦伦的溶液温度控制在 30°C (较佳地为 30-60°C; 更佳地为 35-45°C;>时, 进行析晶一段时间, 从而得到依非韦伦 I型结晶。
该步骤中, 所述析晶的时间根据析晶速度而定, 当析晶速度较慢时, 若析 晶时间太短, 可能导致 I型结晶析晶不完全, 从而导致 I型结晶收率降低, 因此 可适当延长析晶时间; 当析晶速度较快时, 可适当缩短析晶时间。 优选地所述 的析晶的时间为 10分钟, 较佳地 1小时, 更佳地 1〜8小时。
另一优选例中, 所述的步骤 为: 将步骤 (1)的含依非韦伦的溶液温度控制 为 30-60°C后, 加入依非韦伦晶种和 /或如上所述的抗溶剂, 进行诱导析晶, 从 而得到依非韦伦 I型结晶。
该步骤中, 晶种的添加量为常规的添加量, 优选为依非韦伦原料重量的 0.1 %〜 5% (更优选为 1%〜3%); 抗溶剂通常添加至溶液中有固体或晶体析出现 即可。
优选地,所述依非韦伦晶种选自依非韦伦 I型结晶或依非韦伦 I型和 V型的混 和晶种; 较佳地,所述的混和晶种中 I型与 V型的重量或摩尔比≥1: 1,优选≥5:1。
另一优选例中, 在步骤 (2)中, 所述的析晶步骤后, 还可包括添加抗溶剂的 步骤: 在析晶过程开始后向所述溶液中添加 (如滴加)抗溶剂, 和 /或在分离所析 出的依非韦伦 I型结晶之后, 再向所述溶液中添加 (;如滴加)抗溶剂。 其中, 所述 的抗溶剂与步骤 (1)的含依非韦伦的溶液的体积比优选为 0.1-50: 1, 较佳地为 0.1-5: 1; 更佳地为 0.1-0.5: 1。 优选地, 在添加抗溶剂之后, 还可以包括进一 步降温析晶步骤: 将前述步骤得到的混合物降温至 0-10°C, 继续搅拌一段时间 (如 0.5- 10小时), 以使析晶更加完全。
待进一步析晶完成后, 可通过过滤, 收集得到依非韦伦 I型结晶。 V型结晶向 I型结晶转换的方法
本发明提供了一种 V型依非韦伦结晶向 I型依非韦伦结晶转换的方法,所 述方法包括步骤:
提供一含 V型依非韦伦以及任选地含 I型依非韦伦的溶液,所述溶液的溶 剂为有机溶剂或有机溶剂和抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂, 所述的抗溶剂为水、 C5_8 脂肪烃或 Cw。芳香烃、 或其组合;
将所述溶液的温度控制在 30-60 °C, 从而实现将所述溶液中的 V型结晶转 化为型结晶。 与现有技术相比, 本发明主要具有如下优点:
本发明提供了一种依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法, 所述方法操作简便, 条 件易控制,避免了混晶现象,制得的依非韦伦 I型结晶晶型纯度髙达 95%以上, 甚至可以达到 99%以上。 下面结合具体实施, 进一歩阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明 本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方 法, 通常按照常规条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则 百分比和份数按重量计算。
本发明所用原料依非韦伦为市售产品或按照文献 Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998, 63, 8536-43.制备。 检测条件
X-射线粉末衍射 (XRPD) : Brucker D8 advance; 扫描范围: 2-50°; 扫描 速度: 0.17S ; 温度: 20-25 °C o
差示量热扫描 DSC) : TA Q2000 ; 测试范围: 25- 120°C ; 升温速度: 10°C /min; N2: 50ml/min。 红外光谱法 (IR): Nicolet 380 ; KBr压片; 扫描范围: 400-4000cm— 1
偏光显微镜: Leica (徕卡)公司, 型号 DM4500P。 实施例 1
将 250g原料依非韦伦加入到 1.2L乙醇和 1L水的混合溶剂中, 加热至 50°C, 使完全溶清。溶清后, 降温至 35°C, 加入 2.5g l型晶种, 保温析晶。析出晶体后, 滴入 1.2L的水。 滴加完, 保温陈化 1小时。 然后再降温至 5°C左右, 继续陈化 1 小时。 过滤, 收集滤饼, 得湿品。 对湿品进行偏光显微镜观察和 XRPD分析, 鉴定为 I型结晶。 将湿品于 80°C减压干燥, 得到依非韦伦 I型结晶 247g。 经检测, XRPD图谱如图 1所示, DSC图谱如图 3所示, IR图谱如图 5所示, 偏光显微镜照 片如图 7所示。 实施例 2
将 25g依非韦伦原料加入到 125mL乙醇和 1 OOmL水的混合溶剂中, 加热至 50°C, 使完全溶清。 溶清后, 降温至 40°C, 加入 I型和 V型 (摩尔比 1 : 1)的混和晶 种 0.5g, 保温析晶。 析出晶体后, 滴入 lOOmL水。 滴加完, 降温至 5 °C左右, 保 温陈化 1小时。 过滤, 收集滤饼, 得湿品。 对湿品进行偏光显微镜观察和 XRPD 分析, 鉴定为 I型结晶。 将湿品于 80°C减压干燥得到依非韦伦 I型结晶 24.5g。 经 检测, XRPD图谱、 DSC图谱、 IR图谱、 偏光显微镜照片与实施例 1基本一致。 实施例 3
取按照文献 Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1998, 63 , 8536-43.制备得到的 依非韦伦反应液 1.2L (约含: 依非韦伦 260g, 四氢呋喃约 lOOmL, 正庚烷约 1L) 升温至 65-70°C, 加入活性炭保温脱色 30分钟后, 趁热过滤, 用 250mL 95%乙醇 洗涤滤饼, 合并滤液, 并往滤液中加入纯净水。
当温度降至 35-45 °C时, 保温下继续滴加纯净水。 有浑浊出现后, 停止滴加 水。 在 35-45 下, 加入 2.5g的 I型晶种, 保温搅拌 2-3小时, 析晶。
析出晶体后, 再继续保持在该温度下补加水至溶液总体积约 2.2L。 降温至 10-15 °C , 保温陈化 1-2小时。
抽滤, 收集滤饼, 得湿品。 湿品经偏光显微镜观察和 XRPD分析, 鉴定为 I 型结晶。将湿品于 80°C减压干燥 24h得到依非韦伦 I型结晶 254g。经检测, XRPD 图谱、 DSC图谱、 IR图谱、 偏光显微镜照片与实施例 1基本一致。 实施例 4-11以及对比例 1-4
按照实施例 1或实施例 2的方法, 不同点在于, 用表 1所述的条件进行实验。 中, 有机溶剂或抗溶剂的用量如实施例 1或实施例 2中所示。
表 1
Figure imgf000009_0001
不同条件下制得的依非韦伦的晶型如表 1所示。 经检测
实施例 4- 1 1制得的产物为依非韦伦 I型结晶, 其 XRPD图谱、 DSC图谱、 IR 图谱、 偏光显微镜照片与实施例 1基本一致。
对比例 1、 2和 4制得的产物为依非韦伦 V型结晶, 其 XRPD谱图如图 2所示,
DSC谱图如图 4所示, IR谱图如图 6所示, 偏光显微镜照片如图 8所示。
对比例 3制得的 I型和 V型的混晶产物 (用 " I + V"表示)的偏光显微镜照片如 图 9所示。
令人意外的是, 所用本发明所述的制备方法, 将析晶温度控制在 30°C以上 (优选 30-60°C )时, 即使使用 V型结晶的晶种或 I型与 V型结晶的混合晶种, 也可 制得高纯度的 I型结晶。
上述结果也表明, I型和 V型两种晶型的热力学稳定性属于互变关系, 互变 温度临界点约在 30°C左右。 在较高温度 (如 35°C以上) 下, I型热力学更稳定, V型有转为 I型的倾向; 反之, 在较低温度 (如 25 °C或以下)下, I型则更容易转 为 V型。 可见, 控制适当的温度有利于 I型结晶的稳定控制。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献 被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申 请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种依非韦伦 I型结晶的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括步骤:
(1) 提供一含依非韦伦的溶液, 其中, 所述溶液的溶剂为有机溶剂或由有 机溶剂和抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂, 所述的抗溶剂为水、 C5_s脂肪烃或 。芳香 烃、 或其组合;
(2) 将歩骤 (1)的含依非韦伦的溶液温度控制在 30-60°C, 进行析晶, 从而 得到依非韦伦 I型结晶。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的有机溶剂为 20°C下在水 中的溶解度≥5%的有机溶剂。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在所述混合物溶剂中, 有机溶 剂和抗溶剂的体积比为 1〜 5: 0.8〜 1 .2。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 (2)中, 所述的温度控制 在 35-45 °C。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (2)获得的所述依非韦伦 I 型结晶的纯度≥95%。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 ( 1)中, 依非韦伦的质量 与有机溶剂或由有机溶剂与抗溶剂组成的混合溶剂的体积之比 (g/mL)为 1 : 1 - 100。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 (2)中, 还包括步骤: 将 所述的溶液温度控制为 30-60°C时, 加入依非韦伦晶种和 /或抗溶剂, 进行析晶。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的依非韦伦晶种为依非韦 伦 I型结晶, 或依非韦伦 I型结晶和 V型结晶的混和晶种。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 (2)中还包括步骤: 在析 晶过程开始后向所述溶液中添加抗溶剂, 和 /或在分离所析出的依非韦伦 I型结 晶之后, 再向所述溶液中添加抗溶剂。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的抗溶剂与步骤 (1)得到 的含依非韦伦的溶液的体积比为 0.1-50: 1。
1 1、 高纯度 I型晶体, 其特征在于, 按权利要求 1所述的制备方法制得; 且 所述高纯度 I型晶体中 V型晶体的含量≤5%。
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