WO2013185446A1 - 销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 - Google Patents

销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185446A1
WO2013185446A1 PCT/CN2012/085835 CN2012085835W WO2013185446A1 WO 2013185446 A1 WO2013185446 A1 WO 2013185446A1 CN 2012085835 W CN2012085835 W CN 2012085835W WO 2013185446 A1 WO2013185446 A1 WO 2013185446A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pin
pin shaft
shaft
cavity
axial
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/085835
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李乡安
邝昊
黄柯
余德海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2013185446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185446A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0436Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a mobile support, e.g. truck
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of machinery, and more particularly to a pin shaft, a pin mounting structure, and a concrete pumping apparatus. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the boom of the concrete pump truck and the concrete distributor will be taken as an example to explain the connection mode of the pin.
  • the boom includes a first pitch arm 200' and a second pitch arm 300', and the first pitch arm 200' and the second pitch arm 300' are coupled by a pin 100'.
  • the second arm 300' includes an upper cover 310', a lower cover 320', a web 330', and a sleeve housing.
  • the pin shaft 100' is coupled to the sleeve seat 340' via a sleeve 360' to prevent wear of the pin shaft 100' and the sleeve seat 340' during relative rotation.
  • the pin 100' connects the boom structure to the link 400' to transfer the boom load to the link 400'.
  • a chuck 370' is provided on the end surface of the pin 100', and the pin 100' can be caught by the card 370' to prevent it from coming off. Since the prior art pin 100' employs a solid shaft, the following disadvantages exist:
  • the pin Since the cross-section stress is linearly distributed under the bending moment, and the greater the stress from the neutral layer, the lower the stress from the central layer, the material is not fully utilized. Especially when the pin is long, the pin is particularly bulky (for example, up to several hundred kilograms), which is not conducive to the weight reduction of the boom system, and is also inconvenient to install and disassemble, and has high labor intensity.
  • the present invention is directed to a pin and pin mounting structure and a concrete pumping apparatus to solve the problems of the prior art that the pin has a large weight, is inconvenient to install and disassemble, has high labor intensity, and has low yield strength.
  • a pin shaft comprising: a body including a cavity extending in an axial direction of the pin shaft; the pin shaft further including a shaft center portion, the cavity body including At least one end portion disposed along the axial direction of the pin shaft is provided with an axial center portion at at least one end portion.
  • the shaft core is integrally formed with the body.
  • the pin shaft includes a mounting hole for mounting the shaft center portion, and the mounting hole communicates with the cavity.
  • the cavity is placed in the first portion of the pin that is only subjected to the bending moment during operation.
  • the axial center portion is disposed in the first step of the action of the shearing force and the bending moment during the operation of the pin shaft, and the transition position of the mounting hole and the cavity forms a limiting portion.
  • an opening is formed in the side wall of the cavity. Further, the opening is continuous. Further, the number of openings is plural, and a plurality of openings are distributed along the circumferential direction of the side walls. Further, the plurality of openings are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side walls. Step by step, the number of openings is three or four. Further, the opening extends in the axial direction of the side wall. Further, the end of the pin is provided with a recess.
  • a pin mounting structure including a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the first connecting member and the second connecting member being connected by a pin, the pin being the above Pin.
  • the pin shaft passes through the side walls of the first connecting member and the second connecting member, and the side walls of the first connecting member and the second connecting member are disposed at positions of the axial center portion of the pin shaft.
  • the first connector and the second connector are the pitch arms of the concrete pumping device.
  • a concrete pumping apparatus comprising a boom, the boom comprising a plurality of pitch arms, the adjacent two pitch arms being coupled by a pin, the pin being the pin.
  • the pin shaft of the invention resists the shear load by the axial portion thereof, and resists the bending moment load by the corresponding portion of the cavity, so that the material of the pin shaft is optimally distributed, and the purpose of reducing the pin weight is achieved.
  • the pin shaft in the present invention is hollow, the inner and outer surfaces of the pin shaft can be sufficiently tempered and quenched, thereby increasing the strength of the shaft center portion, thereby increasing the overall strength of the pin shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection of a boom of a concrete pump truck and a distributing machine in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Fig. 1
  • 2 is a cross-sectional view of the BB
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a simple beam model of the pin and a corresponding relationship between the shear force and the bending moment
  • FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a sectional stress distribution when the pin is bent;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pin shaft in the first embodiment of the present invention;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the left side view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a view schematically showing the shaft center portion of Figure 6
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pin shaft in a second embodiment of the present invention;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first type of shaft core portion;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view showing a pin shaft in the third embodiment;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the shaft; a cross-sectional view of a pin having three openings; and FIG. 15 schematically showing four openings A cross-sectional view of the pin.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the relationship between the simply supported beam model of the pin of Fig. 1 and its shear force and bending moment. Wherein, the structure shown in FIG. 2 can be simplified to the simply supported beam shown in part (a) of FIG.
  • the section stress under the bending moment is linearly distributed, and the further the stress is from the neutral layer C, the greater the stress.
  • the shear strength high stress region appears at both ends of the solid pin shaft (ie, at the sleeve seat 340'), and the circumferential outer surface region between the two shaft sleeve seats 340' exhibits a tensile stress high stress region, and the center
  • the stress around the axis is low and the material is not fully utilized.
  • the stress at the left and right end faces of the pin is low.
  • the pin 100 of the present invention includes: a body 110 including a cavity 120 extending in the axial direction of the pin; the pin 100 further includes a shaft center 130, the cavity 120 At least one end portion disposed along the axial direction of the pin shaft is included, and at least one end portion is provided with the shaft core portion 130.
  • the cavity 120 is disposed in a first portion of the pin 100 that is only subjected to bending moments during operation.
  • the axial portion 130 is disposed at a second portion that is simultaneously subjected to shear and bending moments during operation of the pin 100.
  • the number of the cavity 120 and the axial portion 130 corresponds to the number of the first portion and the second portion of the pin 100.
  • the pin 100 has two first portions, and the number of the cavities 120 is two.
  • an oil passage 140 is formed on a side wall of the body 110.
  • the number of the ends is two, and the axial ends 130 are respectively disposed at the two ends.
  • the pin shaft of the present invention resists the shear load by the axial center portion 130 thereof, and resists the bending moment load by the portion corresponding to the cavity 120, so that the material of the pin shaft is optimally distributed, and the pin weight is reduced. purpose. For example, it is possible to effectively reduce the weight of the pin by more than 60%. Further, since the pin shaft in the present invention is hollow, the inner and outer surfaces of the pin shaft can be sufficiently tempered and quenched, thereby increasing the strength of the shaft center portion, thereby increasing the overall strength of the pin shaft. In one embodiment, illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, the pin includes a mounting aperture 150 for mounting the shaft portion 130, the mounting aperture 150 being in communication with the cavity 120.
  • the axial portion 130 may be fixed as a separate member in the mounting hole 150 to be formed at the end of the cavity 120.
  • the shaft center portion 130 and the mounting hole 150 are threaded Connection, interference connection, or soldering. Therefore, a threaded hole can be machined in the mounting hole 150, and then the shaft portion 130 is screwed to the inside of the mounting hole 150 for disassembly.
  • a recess 180 is formed at the end of the mounting hole 150. The recess 180 can be placed at a position corresponding to the end cap of the pin, on the one hand reducing the weight and on the other hand improving the stress situation.
  • the pin 100 can have a thinner side wall, so that the yield strength of the body is not lowered due to the quenching of the pin and the limited depth of the quenching process.
  • the body 110 can be assembled to the boom first, then the shaft portion 130 is mounted into the mounting hole 150, and the recess 180 is formed at both ends, thereby reducing the labor intensity of assembly and disassembly.
  • the mounting position of the mounting hole 150 and the cavity 120 forms a limiting portion 160. Since the stopper portion 160 can better limit the position of the shaft center portion 130 so as not to be pulsated in the axial direction of the pin shaft 100 due to the force.
  • the installer can easily mount the shaft center portion 130 through the stopper portion 160.
  • the limiting portion 160 may be a step.
  • the step may be chamfered or rounded.
  • the diameter of the side arm corresponding to the cavity 120 may be set smaller than the diameter corresponding to the axial center portion, that is, the outer contour of the pin shaft is designed to be * Bell shape.
  • the core portion 130 may be of a solid structure or a hollow structure. 10-12 show the structural schematic view of the axial center portion 130 of three different forms of hollow structures, and the shaft core 130 is provided with a hole 131. Wherein, the axial center portion 130 in FIG.
  • the axial center portion 130 in FIG. 11 is a hollow cylindrical structure having a tapered surface 132
  • the axial center portion 130 in FIG. 12 is a hollow having a curved surface 133.
  • the hollow structure facilitates oil passage design and reduces weight.
  • the core portion 130 is integrally formed with the body 110.
  • the shaft center portion 130 is directly formed on the pin shaft 100, and therefore has the characteristics of simple processing and high strength.
  • the one-piece forming method can ensure good workability (for example, avoiding the welding process because the pin material is poor in welding performance and the strength after welding is not guaranteed), and the pin shaft has the strength of the base material.
  • the side wall of the cavity 120 is formed with an opening 170.
  • the opening 170 extends along the axial direction of the side wall.
  • the opening 170 is continuous.
  • the number of the openings 170 is plural, and the plurality of openings 170 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the side walls.
  • the plurality of openings 170 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the side walls. In particular, the number of openings 170 is three (please refer to FIG. 14) or four (please refer to FIG. 15).
  • the opening may be opened on the solid pin by directly hollowing out the outer surface of the solid pin, thereby forming the opening 170 while forming the cavity 120 inside the solid pin.
  • the closer the pin is to the central axis The more the material of the part is hollowed out, the less it is hollowed out from the central axis. In this way, not only the surplus material is removed, the quality of the pin shaft is reduced, and the processability is ensured.
  • the end of the pin 100 is provided with a recess 180.
  • the recess 180 can be placed at a position corresponding to the end cap of the pin, on the one hand reducing the weight and on the other hand improving the stress situation.
  • the pin of the present invention can be applied to concrete equipment (especially concrete pump trucks and concrete spreaders), for example, the connection between the arms and the arms, the connection between the links and the arms, etc., so that The load of one component is passed to the other component.
  • a pin mounting structure including a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the first connecting member and the second connecting member being connected by a pin, the pin being the above The pin in the embodiment.
  • the pin passes through the side arms of the first and second connectors, and the side walls of the first and second connectors are disposed at the position of the axial portion 130 of the pin.
  • the cavity 120 is disposed at a first portion of the pin 100 that is only subjected to bending moments during operation.
  • the axial portion 130 is disposed at a second portion that is simultaneously subjected to shear and bending moments during operation of the pin 100.
  • the first connector and the second connector are the pitch arms of the concrete pumping device.
  • the first connector and the second connector are not limited to the pitch arms in the concrete pumping apparatus, nor to the field of concrete pumping equipment. As long as it is two parts of the mechanical device that need to be connected by a pin, it can be regarded as the first connecting member and the second connecting member in the present invention.
  • a concrete pumping apparatus comprising a boom, the boom comprising a plurality of pitch arms, the adjacent two pitch arms being connected by a pin shaft, wherein the pin shaft is in the above embodiments Pin.
  • the concrete pumping device may be a concrete pump truck or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

Abstract

一种销轴、销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备。销轴(100)包括:本体(110),本体(110)包括沿销轴的轴向延伸的腔体(120);销轴(100)还包括轴心部(130),腔体(120)包括沿销轴的轴向设置的至少一个端部,至少一个端部处设置有轴心部(130)。销轴利用其轴心部抵抗剪力载荷,利用其腔体所对应的部位抵抗弯矩载荷,从而使销轴的材料得到了最优分布,实现了减少销轴重量的目的。销轴是空心的,因此可以使销轴的内外表面都得到充分地调质和淬火,从而提高轴心部的强度,因此增加了销轴的整体强度。

Description

销轴、 销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备 技术领域 本发明涉及机械领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种销轴、 销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送 设备。 背景技术 现有技术中, 通常需要将两个部分通过销轴连接起来, 以传递载荷。 下面以混凝 土泵车和混凝土布料机的臂架为例, 对销轴的连接方式进行说明。 如图 1所示, 臂架包括第一节臂 200'和第二节臂 300', 第一节臂 200'和第二节臂 300'通过销轴 100'连接。 如图 1-3所示, 第二节臂 300'包括上盖板 310'、 下盖板 320'、 腹板 330'和轴套座
340'。 上盖板 310'、 下盖板 320'和腹板 330'组成封装的箱型, 轴套座 340'安装在腹板 330'上, 两个轴套座 340'之间通过轴套板 350'连接, 以增强轴套座 340'的稳定性。 销 轴 100'通过轴套 360'与轴套座 340'连接, 以防止销轴 100'、轴套座 340'在相对转动的 过程中产生磨损。 其中, 销轴 100'将臂架结构与连杆 400'连接起来, 从而将臂架载荷 传递给连杆 400'。 另外, 在销轴 100'的端面设置有卡板 370', 通过卡板 370'可以将销 轴 100'卡住, 以防止其脱落。 由于现有技术中的销轴 100'采用的是实心轴, 因此存在以下缺点:
( 1 ) 由于在弯矩作用下截面应力成线性分布, 且离中性层越远应力越大, 离中心 层较近的区域的应力较低, 因此材料没有得到充分的利用。 特别当销轴较长时, 销轴 特别笨重(例如可达几百公斤), 不利于臂架系统减重, 同时也不便于安装和拆卸, 劳 动强度大。
(2) 由于销轴的淬火和调质工艺的深度有限, 当实心销轴的直径比较大时, 整体 屈服强度会大大降低。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种销轴、 销轴的安装结构和混凝土泵送设备, 以解决现有技术 中销轴重量大、 安装拆卸不便、 劳动强度大、 屈服强度低的问题。 为解决上述技术问题, 根据本发明的第一个方面, 提供了一种销轴, 包括: 本体, 本体包括沿销轴的轴向延伸的腔体; 销轴还包括轴心部, 腔体包括沿销轴的轴向设置 的至少一 -个端部, 至少一个端部处设置有轴心部。 进 -步地, 轴心部与本体一体成形。 进 -步地, 销轴包括用于安装轴心部的安装孔, 安装孔与腔体连通。 进 -步地, 腔体设置在销轴的工作时仅受弯矩作用的第一部位。 进 -步地, 轴心部设置在销轴的工作时同时受到剪力和弯矩作用的第 进 -步地, 安装孔与腔体的过渡位置形成限位部。 进 -步地, 腔体的侧壁上形成有开口。 进 -步地, 开口是贯通的。 进 -步地, 开口的个数为多个, 多个开口沿侧壁的周向分布。 进 -步地, 多个开口沿侧壁的周向均匀分布。 进 -步地, 开口的个数为三个或四个。 进 -步地, 开口沿侧壁的轴向延伸。 进 -步地, 销轴的端部设置有凹部。 进— -步地, 端部的个数为两个, 两个端部处分别设置有轴心部。 根据本发明的第二个方面, 提供了一种销轴的安装结构, 包括第一连接件和第二 连接件, 第一连接件和第二连接件通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述的销轴。 进一步地, 销轴穿过第一连接件和第二连接件的侧壁, 第一连接件和第二连接件 的侧壁设置在销轴的轴心部的位置处。 进一步地, 第一连接件和第二连接件是混凝土泵送设备的节臂。 根据本发明的第三个方面, 提供了一种混凝土泵送设备, 包括臂架, 臂架包括多 个节臂, 相邻两个节臂通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述的销轴。 本发明中的销轴利用其轴心部抵抗剪力载荷, 利用其腔体所对应的部位抵抗弯矩 载荷, 从而使销轴的材料得到了最优分布, 实现了减少销轴重量的目的。 另外, 本发 明中的销轴是空心的, 因此可以使销轴的内外表面都得到充分地调质和淬火, 从而提 高轴心部的强度, 因此增加了销轴的整体强度。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1示意性示出了现有技术中的混凝土泵车和布料机的臂架的连接示意图; 图 2示意性示出了图 1的 A-A剖视图; 图 3示意性示出了图 2的 B-B剖视图; 图 4示意性示出了销轴的简支梁模型及其剪力和弯矩的对应关系图; 图 5示意性示出了销轴受弯时的截面应力分布图; 图 6示意性示出了本发明第一实施例中的销轴的结构示意图; 图 7示意性示出了图 6的左视图; 图 8示意性示出了图 6中未安装轴心部时的示意图; 图 9示意性示出了本发明第二实施例中的销轴的结构示意图; 图 10示意性示出了第一种轴心部的结构示意图; 图 11示意性示出了第二种轴心部的结构示意图; 图 12示意性示出了第三种轴心部的结构示意图; 图 13示意性示出了第三实施例中的销轴的结构示意图; 图 14示意性示出了具有三个开口的销轴的剖视图; 以及 图 15示意性示出了具有四个开口的销轴的剖视图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 但是本发明可以由权利要求限定 和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 图 4示出了图 1中的销轴的简支梁模型及其剪力和弯矩的对应关系图。 其中, 图 2所示的结构可以简化为图 4中 (a) 部分所示的简支梁, 其中, P为负载, 简支梁的 端部相当于连杆 400', 两个端部之间的支点相当于轴套座 340'。 进一步地, 图 4中的 (b)为该简支梁在受到负载 P的作用时的剪力图, (c)为简支梁在受到负载 P的作用 时的弯矩图。 由图 4可知, 连杆 400'与轴套座 340'之间的部分 L1受到剪力和弯矩的 共同作用, 在两个轴套座 340'之间的部分 L2仅受到弯矩 PL1的作用。 由材料力学可 知, 如图 5所示, 弯矩作用下的截面应力成线性分布, 且离中性层 C越远应力越大。 请结合图 2, 实心销轴的两端 (即轴套座 340'处) 出现剪力高应力区, 两轴套座 340'之间的圆周外表面区域出现拉压应力高应力区, 且中心轴线周围应力较低, 材料 没有得到充分利用, 此外, 销轴左、 右端面处的应力较低。 故可考虑将中心轴线和两 端面应力较低区域材料挖除 (即镂空)。 作为本发明的第一个方面, 提供了一种销轴。 如图 6、 7和 13所示, 本发明中的 销轴 100包括: 本体 110, 本体 110包括沿销轴的轴向延伸的腔体 120; 销轴 100还包 括轴心部 130, 腔体 120包括沿销轴的轴向设置的至少一个端部, 至少一个端部设置 处有轴心部 130。 特别地, 腔体 120设置在销轴 100的工作时仅受弯矩作用的第一部 位。 轴心部 130设置在销轴 100的工作时同时受到剪力和弯矩作用的第二部位。 特别 地, 腔体 120和轴心部 130的个数与销轴 100的第一部位和第二部位的个数相对应。 例如, 销轴 100具有两个第一部位, 那么腔体 120的个数为两个。 如图 6所示, 本体 110的侧壁上形成有油道 140。优选地, 端部的个数为两个, 两个端部处分别设置有轴 心部 130。 本发明中的销轴利用其轴心部 130抵抗剪力载荷, 利用其腔体 120所对应的部位 抵抗弯矩载荷, 从而使销轴的材料得到了最优分布, 实现了减少销轴重量的目的。 例 如, 可有效减轻销轴 60%以上的重量。 另外, 本发明中的销轴是空心的, 因此可以使 销轴的内外表面都得到充分地调质和淬火, 从而提高轴心部的强度, 因此增加了销轴 的整体强度。 在图 6和图 7所示的一个实施例中, 销轴包括用于安装轴心部 130的安装孔 150, 安装孔 150与腔体 120连通。 也就是说, 轴心部 130可以作为一个单独的部件固定在 安装孔 150内, 从而形成在腔体 120的端部。 优选地, 轴心部 130与安装孔 150螺纹 连接、 过盈连接、 或焊接。 因此, 可以在安装孔 150内加工出螺纹孔, 然后将轴心部 130通过螺纹安装到安装孔 150的内部, 以便于拆卸。当轴心部 130安装到安装孔 150 后, 在安装孔 150的端部形成凹部 180。 该凹部 180可以设置在对应于销轴的端盖的 位置, 一方面减轻了重量, 另一方面改善了应力情况。 同时, 由于采用了安装孔 150, 可以使销轴 100具有较薄厚度的侧壁, 因此不会由于销轴的淬火和调质工艺深度有限 的原因, 使本体的屈服强度会降低。 安装时, 可先将本体 110装配到臂架上, 然后将 轴心部 130安装到安装孔 150内, 并在两端形成凹部 180, 从而减轻了装配和拆卸的 劳动强度。 优选地, 请参考图 8和图 9, 安装孔 150与腔体 120的过渡位置形成限位部 160。 由于限位部 160可以更好地限制轴心部 130的位置, 使其不会因受力沿销轴 100的轴 向窜动。 同时, 在安装的时候, 安装人员也很容易通过限位部 160使轴心部 130安装 到位。 优选地, 限位部 160可以是台阶, 特别地, 该台阶可以是倒角式的, 也可以是 圆角式的。 优选地, 如图 9所示, 为了方便装配、 油道布置或减重, 可将腔体 120所对应的 侧臂的直径设小于轴心部所对应的直径, 即将销轴的外轮廓设计成 *铃状。 轴心部 130可以是实心结构的, 也可以是空心结构的。 图 10-12示出了三种不同 形式的空心结构的轴心部 130的结构示意图, 轴心部 130上开设有孔 131。 其中, 图 10中的轴心部 130是空心柱面结构, 图 11中的轴心部 130是具有锥面 132的空心柱 面结构, 图 12中的轴心部 130是具有弧面 133的空心柱面结构。采用空心结构, 可以 便于油道设计, 并能减轻重量。 优选地,图 13所示的实施例中,轴心部 130与本体 110—体成形。在本实施例中, 轴心部 130直接成形在销轴 100上, 因此, 具有加工简便、 强度高的特点。 另外, 采 用一体成形的方式, 可以在保证良好的工艺性 (例如, 避免了焊接工艺, 因为销轴材 料焊接性能差, 焊接后的强度不能保证) 的同时, 保证销轴具有母材的强度。 优选地, 在上述各实施例的基础上, 腔体 120的侧壁上形成有开口 170, 优选地, 开口 170沿侧壁的轴向延伸, 优选地, 开口 170是贯通的。 进一步地, 开口 170的个 数为多个, 多个开口 170沿侧壁的周向分布, 优选地, 多个开口 170沿侧壁的周向均 匀分布。 特别地, 开口 170的个数为三个 (请参考图 14) 或四个 (请参考图 15 )。 优 选地, 可以采用将实心销轴外表面直接镂空的方式, 将开口开设在实心销轴上, 从而 在实心销轴的内部形成腔体 120的同时形成开口 170。 优选地, 销轴的离中心轴越近 的部分的材料被镂空得越多, 离中心轴线较远的地方被镂空得越少。 这样, 不仅去除 了富余的材料, 减轻了销轴的质量, 还保证了具有良好的工艺性。 优选地, 如图 13所示, 销轴 100的端部设置有凹部 180。 该凹部 180可以设置在 对应于销轴的端盖的位置, 一方面减轻了重量, 另一方面改善了应力情况。 特别地, 可以将本发明中的销轴应用于混凝土设备中 (特别是混凝土泵车和混凝 土布料机), 例如, 臂与臂之间的连接、 连杆与臂之间的连接等, 以便将一个部件的载 荷传递给另一个部件。 作为本发明的第二个方面, 提供了一种销轴的安装结构, 包括第一连接件和第二 连接件, 第一连接件和第二连接件通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述各实施例中的销轴。 优选地, 销轴穿过第一连接件和第二连接件的侧臂, 第一连接件和第二连接件的侧壁 设置在销轴的轴心部 130的位置处。 优选地,腔体 120设置在销轴 100的工作时仅受弯矩作用的第一部位。轴心部 130 设置在销轴 100的工作时同时受到剪力和弯矩作用的第二部位。 在一个实施例中, 第一连接件和第二连接件是混凝土泵送设备的节臂。 特别地, 第一连接件和第二连接件并不限于混凝土泵送设备中的节臂, 也不限于混凝土泵送设 备领域。 只要是机械设备中需要通过销轴连接的两个部件, 均可视为本发明中的第一 连接件和第二连接件。 作为本发明的第三个方面, 提供了一种混凝土泵送设备, 包括臂架, 臂架包括多 个节臂, 相邻两个节臂通过销轴连接, 该销轴是上述各实施例中的销轴。 特别地, 混 凝土泵送设备可以是混凝土泵车等。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种销轴, 其特征在于, 包括: 本体(110), 所述本体(110)包括沿所述销轴 的轴向延伸的腔体(120); 所述销轴还包括轴心部(130), 所述腔体(120)包 括沿所述销轴的轴向设置的至少一个端部, 所述至少一个端部处设置有所述轴 心部 (130)。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述轴心部(130)与所述本体(110) 一体成形。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述销轴包括用于安装所述轴心部
( 130) 的安装孔 (150), 所述安装孔 (150) 与所述腔体 (120) 连通。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述腔体(120)设置在所述销轴(100) 的工作时仅受弯矩作用的第一部位。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述轴心部(130)设置在所述销轴
( 100) 的工作时同时受到剪力和弯矩作用的第二部位。
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的销轴,其特征在于,所述安装孔(150)与所述腔体(120) 的过渡位置形成限位部。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述腔体(120) 的侧壁 上形成有开口 (170)。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述开口 (170) 是贯通的。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述开口 (170) 的个数为多个, 所 述多个开口 (170) 沿所述侧壁的周向分布。
10. 根据权利要求 7所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述多个开口 (170)沿所述侧壁的 周向均匀分布。
11. 根据权利要求 7所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述开口 (170)的个数为三个或四 个。
12. 根据权利要求 7所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述开口 (170)沿所述侧壁的轴向 延伸。
13. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述销轴 (100) 的端部 设置有凹部 (180)。
14. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的销轴, 其特征在于, 所述端部的个数为两个, 所述两个端部处分别设置有所述轴心部 (130)。
15. 一种销轴的安装结构, 包括第一连接件和第二连接件, 所述第一连接件和所述 第二连接件通过销轴连接, 其特征在于, 所述销轴是权利要求 1-14中任一项所 述的销轴。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的安装结构,其特征在于,所述销轴穿过所述第一连接件 和所述第二连接件的侧壁, 所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件的侧壁设置在所 述销轴的轴心部 (130) 的位置处。
17. 根据权利要求 15或 16所述的安装结构, 其特征在于, 所述第一连接件和第二 连接件是混凝土泵送设备的节臂。
18. 一种混凝土泵送设备, 包括臂架, 所述臂架包括多个节臂, 相邻两个所述节臂 通过销轴连接, 其特征在于, 所述销轴是权利要求 1-14中任一项所述的销轴。
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