WO2013179220A2 - Module solaire à installer sur des pièces moulées - Google Patents

Module solaire à installer sur des pièces moulées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013179220A2
WO2013179220A2 PCT/IB2013/054400 IB2013054400W WO2013179220A2 WO 2013179220 A2 WO2013179220 A2 WO 2013179220A2 IB 2013054400 W IB2013054400 W IB 2013054400W WO 2013179220 A2 WO2013179220 A2 WO 2013179220A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar module
layer
connecting means
module according
further embodiment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/054400
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013179220A3 (fr
Inventor
Piotr DUDEK
Martin Pfeiffer
Aron GUTOWSKI
Karsten Walzer
Eginhard Wollrab
Jörg SMOLINSKI
Original Assignee
Heliatek Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Heliatek Gmbh filed Critical Heliatek Gmbh
Publication of WO2013179220A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013179220A2/fr
Publication of WO2013179220A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013179220A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
    • H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar module for arrangement on moldings and moldings containing a solar module.
  • Photoactive components such as solar cells
  • Photovoltaic elements are now widely used in both everyday and industrial environments. Of particular interest is the integration of photovoltaic elements in buildings
  • Solar modules characterized on silicon-based which are usually formed in a plate shape.
  • the arrangement of building surfaces is usually about
  • Stand systems on roofs or curtain systems on walls are characterized in particular by their structurally complex structure and by the overall high weight.
  • corresponding plate-shaped modules must also ensure sufficient protection of the modules against falling offer, since the plate-shaped modules due to the
  • silicon-based modules require a south orientation and, if necessary, a 30 ° mounting angle for optimum efficiency, to ensure optimal solar radiation.
  • silicon-based photovoltaic modules suffer from power losses due to increased temperature in the modules due to exposure to direct sunlight
  • thin-film solar cells which have a flexible configuration and thus allow an arrangement on curved surfaces.
  • Such Solar cells preferably have active layers of amorphous silicon (-Si) or CIGS (Cu (In, Ga) (S, Se) 2).
  • the organic active layers may be composed of polymers (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 7,725,326 B2) or small molecules (e.g., EP 2385556 A1). While polymers are characterized by the fact that they can not be vaporized and therefore can only be applied from solutions, small molecules can be vaporized.
  • organic-based devices over conventional inorganic-based devices (semiconductors such as silicon, gallium arsenide) is the sometimes extremely high optical absorption coefficients (up to 2 ⁇ 10 5 cm -1 ), which offers the possibility of low material and material costs Energy expenditure to produce very thin solar cells. Further technological aspects are the low cost, the possibility of producing flexible large-area components on plastic films, and the almost unlimited possibilities of variation and the unlimited availability of organic chemistry. Another advantage is the possibility of transparent components
  • a solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy.
  • the term photoactive also refers to the conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
  • solar cells do not directly generate free charge carriers by light, but excitons are first formed, ie electrically neutral excitation states (bound electron-hole pairs). Only in a second step, these excitons are separated into free charge carriers, which then contribute to the electric current flow.
  • n or p denotes an n- or p-type doping, which leads to an increase in the density of free electrons or holes in the thermal equilibrium state.
  • the n-type layer (s) or p-type layer (s) are at least partially nominally undoped and only due to the material properties (e.g.
  • Ambient atmosphere preferably n-conductive or preferably p-conductive properties.
  • such layers are primarily to be understood as transport layers.
  • the term i-layer designates a nominally undoped layer (intrinsic layer).
  • One or more i-layers may in this case be layers of a material as well as a mixture of two materials (so-called interpenetrating networks or bulk heterojunction, M. Hiramoto et al., Mol., Cryst., Liq., Cryst., 2006, 444). pp. 33-40).
  • the light incident through the transparent base contact generates excitons in the i-layer or in the n- / p-layer (bound
  • Electron-hole pairs These excitons can only be separated by very high electric fields or at suitable interfaces. Stand in organic solar cells
  • the separating interface may be between the p (n) layer and the i-layer or between two i-layers.
  • the transport layers are transparent or
  • Thin films certainly fulfill this criterion.
  • the use of monocrystalline organic materials is not possible and the production of multiple layers with sufficient structural perfection is still very difficult.
  • JP 2011-109051A discloses the arrangement of a
  • EP 1191605 A2 describes a glassless, flexible
  • Solar laminate for use in building technology, wherein the solar cells are applied to a steel sheet under pressure and temperature (about 130 ° C) and then this attached by a rear-side adhesive layer on exterior building surfaces.
  • WO20120303971 describes a flexible one
  • the module has on its back an adhesive layer for placement on building exterior surfaces.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solar module, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the object is achieved by a solar module according to
  • a flexible solar module According to the invention, a flexible solar module
  • Substrate is arranged and a first and a second
  • At least one photoactive layer is arranged, which contains at least one organic material.
  • the solar module has on the photoactive component ⁇ opposite side connecting means for arrangement on the surface of a molded part.
  • a molding is a three-dimensional object understood, which forms a structural unit in combination with other moldings.
  • Such moldings can be about plates, bricks, finished parts such as concrete, metal, glass, etc.
  • the surface of the molding can be curved, wavy, curved, etc. Due to the flexible design of the solar module while an arrangement on the non-planar surface is possible.
  • the solar module is characterized in that it is light in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 kg per square meter (compared to 10 to 15 kg per square meter in conventional PV modules), which is why elaborate structures for mounting on omitted the molding or fall protection.
  • the flexible design and the low weight allow a faster, more efficient and less expensive installation to be realized.
  • the solar module is designed to be heat-insulating by means of reflective back contact. Due to the reflective back contact, the light radiated into the solar module is reflected, which is why there is no heating of the surface of the molded part, as would normally be done with solar radiation. As a result, unwanted warming or heating of the molding is prevented. This is particularly advantageous if such solar modules are arranged on the surface of buildings and a heating of the building envelope is omitted.
  • the solar module at the photoactive components opposite side of the substrate, a layer containing at least one heat radiation reflecting material on. This results in a reflection of
  • the connecting means is designed so that the substrate is designed as a connecting means.
  • the substrate which is designed as a connecting means, for example, directly on the surface of the molded part by means of casting, melting, gluing, pressing, etc. are integrated.
  • the connecting means is designed so that the solar module is detachably arranged on the molded part. This results in considerable advantages when maintenance or replacement of the solar module is necessary. A change of the solar module can thus be realized in a simple manner without
  • the connecting means is designed in two parts, wherein the first part of the connecting means at the
  • the second part of the connecting means is integrated into the surface of the molded part. This allows, for example, an exact positioning of the solar module on the molded body.
  • the connecting means has an adhesion layer, which
  • thermoplastic is formed thermoplastic and medium heat input> 130 ° C can be released from the molding.
  • the connecting means comprises a multilayer coating system, comprising at least one adhesion layer for arranging the solar module to the molded part and at least one
  • the adhesion layer which may be embodied, for example, as an adhesive layer, serves to arrange the solar module on the molded body.
  • the at least one intermediate layer which lies between the
  • Adhesion layer and the solar module is arranged, is so stated that these strains and possible cracks on the molded part due to the own modulus of elasticity can reduce or prevent. This can be long term
  • an intermediate layer of a material of elasticity modulus is sufficiently small in order to prevent the influence of the. Due to its own elasticity
  • Such materials may be, for example, textile woven, knitted or knitted fabrics, glass fiber fleece, carbon fiber,
  • Composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced
  • Sufficient coating thickness can also coating materials on polyurethane and epoxy resin or combinations thereof and other polymer blends or paints than
  • Adhesion layer designed as an adhesive layer. This creates a cohesive connection between the solar module and Molded body realized.
  • the molding has a surface of concrete, glass, composite, a natural or synthetic polymer or metal. In this case, the molding itself from another
  • the surface of the molding has at least one coating which concrete, wood, glass, composite material, a natural or synthetic polymer or polymer mixture or metal.
  • Composite material can be about carbon fiber reinforced
  • CFRP CFRP
  • the connecting means is designed such that the adhesion
  • connecting means and molded part is greater than the adhesion between the connecting means and the solar module.
  • the contacting of the solar module is integrated in the connecting means, so that when removing the module, the contact is removed and subsequent use of the solar module is no longer possible.
  • the solar module is designed such that the adhesion between
  • Connecting agent and substrate is greater than the adhesion between the substrate and photoactive device.
  • a theft protection is realized by that when removing the solar module from the molding due to the higher adhesion between the substrate and bonding agent over the adhesion between the substrate and photoactive device, the substrate remains on the molding while the photoactive device is detached from the substrate. This destroys the module on removal and will not be available for future use.
  • the substrate is composed of at least two layers, wherein the adhesion between these at least two layers is less than the adhesion between substrate and molding and the adhesion between substrate and photoactive
  • the solar module is designed such that a mechanical
  • Shaped body such as a shear, bending, etc. leads to damage of the solar module.
  • the damage can occur, for example, due to a predetermined breaking point within the solar module, which leads to an interruption of the contacting, for example.
  • the barrier layer of the solar module has a predetermined breaking point, which leads to a fracture or crack in the barrier in the case of a mechanical fracture
  • Barrier can be oxygen or moisture in the solar module penetrate and damage the organic layers.
  • the solar module is designed such that in the region of the contacts, a protective layer is arranged on the solar module, which at least partially covers the contacts.
  • the solar module on the molding in the edge region at least partially on a cover, which is a complete
  • Connecting means may be arranged on the molding.
  • the connecting means is self-releasably designed.
  • the solar module has an electronic anti-theft device. This can be realized for example by an arranged on the solar module RFID transponder, which the
  • the solar module on a chemical goods protection does not prevent theft, but makes the goods unusable in the event of unauthorized removal.
  • a chemical is attached to the product in a glass tube so that it breaks when the fuse is removed improperly and the contents act on the product.
  • chemicals for this purpose for example, substances based on organic (ninhydrin, rhodamine B, phenolphthalein) and inorganic base
  • Solar module at least a first holding means, which is in engagement with a second holding means arranged on the molded body, wherein the connection between the first and second holding means after connection of the first and second holding means is not detachably formed.
  • first and second holding means after connection of the first and second holding means is not detachably formed.
  • Holding means are formed, but can not be solved without destroying.
  • the solar module has a functional layer on its surface. This functional layer has a low
  • the functional layer acts as a self-cleaning surface, as is known in the lotus effect. This not only can
  • Contaminations of the surface are advantageously minimized but also an effective protection against wanton Contamination, such as graffiti.
  • the functional layer is designed as an anti-scratch layer. This is particularly advantageous in regions where regular sandstorms could damage the solar modules.
  • the functional layer has a soundproofing function. Due to the design of the functional layer, the solar module is sound-absorbing, which makes it particularly advantageous in the sound insulation area, such as on noise barriers, can be arranged.
  • the solar module is designed such that a re-energization of the solar module takes place. It is by means of entry
  • the thermal energy heats the surface of the solar module and can therefore be advantageously used for deicing the surface or defrosting snow on the surface.
  • the so-designed solar modules due to their
  • the solar module has a contact, which at least one
  • a contact in the form of a busbar is arranged between two photoactive components on the substrate.
  • the busbar is meandering. It is also conceivable a meandering bus bar on one
  • the invention also provides the use of a solar module according to the invention arrangement on materials such as concrete, wood, glass, composite material, a natural or synthetic polymer or polymer mixture or metal.
  • materials such as concrete, wood, glass, composite material, a natural or synthetic polymer or polymer mixture or metal.
  • Design of the solar module can be realized in addition to power generation and thermal insulation, weather protection, noise insulation, etc.
  • the flexible module is used as part of a surface finishing system for concrete surfaces.
  • a surface finishing system for concrete surfaces For example, finishing systems for concrete surfaces based on epoxy resin and polyurethane are known. In this case, the module during the
  • Processing of the system wet-on-wet can be arranged on the surface and thus a part of the
  • the substrate is designed as a tape-shaped or film-shaped substrate.
  • the substrate is a metal band. In an alternative embodiment of this
  • the substrate is designed as a film-shaped substrate.
  • the film-shaped substrate is preferably made of a thermoplastic polymer selected from a group consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyamides (PA), polylactate (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate
  • PMMA polycarbonate
  • PC polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET polyethylene
  • PE polypropylene
  • PP polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PVDF polyvinyl fluoride
  • PS polystyrene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • At least one organic layer of at least one organic material which is arranged between the electrode and the counterelectrode, is used in the photoactive component.
  • the photoactive layer comprises at least one organic material.
  • the active layer comprises at least one mixed layer having at least two main materials, these forming an active donor-acceptor system.
  • At least one main material is an organic material.
  • the organic material is a small molecule.
  • small molecules are used in the sense of the invention Understood monomers, which evaporates and thus on the
  • Substrate can be deposited.
  • the organic material is at least partially polymers.
  • at least one photoactive i-layer is formed from small molecules.
  • At least one of the active mixed layers comprises as acceptor a material from the group of fullerenes or
  • At least one of the electrode and the counterelectrode is provided
  • Transport layer arranged.
  • the component is at least somewhat
  • the photoactive component is an organic solar cell.
  • the component is a pin single, pin tandem cell, pin multiple cell, nip single cell, nip tandem cell or nip multiple cell.
  • the component consists of a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures, in which a plurality of independent combinations comprising at least one i Layer are stacked on top of each other.
  • the photoactive component between the electrode and the electrode consists of a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures, in which a plurality of independent combinations comprising at least one i Layer are stacked on top of each other.
  • the active layers of the component absorb as much light as possible.
  • the spectral range in which the component absorbs light designed as wide as possible.
  • the active layer system of the photoactive component in a further embodiment of the invention, the active layer system of the photoactive component
  • Main materials of a mixed layer is an organic material other than the two main materials of another mixed layer.
  • Each mixed layer consists of at least two main materials, which are a photoactive donor
  • the donor-acceptor system is characterized in that, at least for the photoexcitation of the donor component, the excitons formed at the interface to the acceptor are preferably separated into a hole on the donor and an electron on the acceptor.
  • Main material refers to a material ⁇ its volume or mass fraction in the layer is greater than 16%.
  • the component contains three or four different absorber materials, so that it can cover a spectral range of approximately 600 nm or approximately 800 nm.
  • Double mixed layer can also be used to achieve significantly higher photocurrents for a given spectral range by mixing materials that are preferred absorb in the same spectral range. This can then be used in the following to adjust the current in a tandem solar cell or multiple solar cell
  • the mixed layers preferably consist of two main materials each.
  • the photoactive component is designed as a tandem cells and it is through the use of double or
  • the individual materials may be positioned in different maxima of the light distribution of the characteristic wavelengths which this material absorbs. For example, a material in a mixed layer in the second.
  • the photoactive component in particular an organic compound
  • the two main materials consist essentially of two materials and the two main materials each form a mixed layer donor acceptor system and the two mixed layers directly adjacent to each other and at least one of the two main materials of a mixed layer another
  • Organic material is considered the two main materials of another mixed layer.
  • the main materials of the mixed layers have different optical absorption spectra, which complement each other to cover the widest possible spectral range.
  • the absorption region extends at least one of
  • the absorption region extends at least one of
  • the HOMO and LUMO levels of the main materials are adjusted so that the system allows for maximum open circuit voltage, maximum short circuit current, and maximum fill factor.
  • At least one of the photoactive mixed layers contains as acceptor a material from the group of fullerenes or
  • Fullerene derivatives (eo, C 7 o, etc.).
  • all photoactive mixed layers contain as acceptor a material from the group of the fullerenes or fullerene derivatives (C6o, C 7 o, Etc . )
  • At least one of the photoactive mixed layers contains as donor a material from the class of phthalocyanines,
  • At least one of the photoactive mixed layers contains as acceptor the material fullerene and as donor the material 4P-TPD.
  • the contacts are made of metal, a conductive oxide, in particular ITO, ZnO: Al or other TCOs or a conductive
  • Polymer in particular PEDOT: PSS or PA I.
  • polymer solar cells which comprise two or more photoactive mixed layers are also included, the mixed layers being directly adjacent to one another.
  • the materials are applied from solution and thus a further applied layer very easily causes the underlying layers to be dissolved, dissolved or changed in their morphology.
  • polymer solar cells therefore, only a very limited multiple mixed layers can be produced and only by the fact that different material and solvent systems are used, which in the production of each other hardly or hardly
  • Substrate electrode is still a p-doped layer is present, so that it is a pnip or pni structure, wherein preferably the doping is selected so high that the direct pn contact has no blocking effect, but it to low-loss recombination , preferably comes through a tunneling process.
  • a p-doped layer may be present in the device between the active layer and the electrode located on the substrate, so that it is a pip or pi structure, wherein the additional p-doped layer a
  • Fermi level which is at most 0.4 eV, but preferably less than 0.3 eV below the electron transport level of the i-layer, so that it is too low-loss
  • Electron extraction can come from the i-layer in this p-layer.
  • an n-layer system is still present between the p-doped layer and the counterelectrode, so that it is a nipn or ipn structure, wherein preferably the doping is chosen to be so high that the direct pn Contact none
  • Recombination preferably by a tunneling process.
  • Component is that the device contains an n-layer system and / or a p-layer system, so that it is a pnipn, pnin, pipn or pin structure, which are characterized in all cases in that - regardless of Conduction type - the layer adjacent to the photoactive i-layer on the substrate side has a lower thermal work function than that of the substrate
  • a plurality of conversion contacts are connected in series, so that e.g. is an npnipn, pnipnp, npnipnp, pnpnipnpn or pnpnpnipnpnpn structure.
  • these are designed as organic tandem solar cell or multiple solar cell. So it may be at the
  • Component to a tandem cell of a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures act in which several independent combinations containing at least one i-layer, one above the other are stacked (cross combinations). In another embodiment of the structures described above, this is a pnipnipn tandem cell
  • the acceptor material is at least partially in the mixed layer
  • the donor material in the blend layer is at least partially in crystalline form. In a further embodiment, both are
  • the acceptor material has an absorption maximum in the wavelength range> 450 nm.
  • the donor material has an absorption maximum in the wavelength range> 450 nm.
  • the active contains
  • the n-material system consists of one or more layers.
  • the p-material system consists of one or more layers.
  • the n-type material system includes one or more doped wide-gap Layers.
  • the term wide-gap layers defines layers with an absorption maximum in the
  • the p material system includes one or more doped wide-gap
  • the component between the first electron-conducting layer (n-layer) and the electrode located on the substrate contains a p-doped layer, so that it is a pnip or pni structure.
  • the device between the photoactive i-layer and the electrode located on the substrate contains a p-doped layer, so that it is a pip or pi structure, wherein the
  • additional p-doped layer has a Fermi level position which is at most 0.4 eV, but preferably less than 0.3 eV, below the electron transport level of the i-layer.
  • the component contains an n-layer system between the p-doped layer and the counterelectrode, so that it is a nipn or ipn structure.
  • the component contains an n-layer system between the photoactive i-layer and the counterelectrode, so that it is a n or in ⁇ structure, wherein the additional n-doped layer has a Fermicertainlage which is at most 0, 4eV, but preferably less than 0.3eV is above the hole transport level of the i-layer.
  • the component contains an n-layer system and / or a p-layer system, so that it is a pnipn, pnin, pipn or pin structure.
  • the additional p-material system and / or the additional n-material system contains one or more doped wide-gap layers.
  • the component contains further n-layer systems and / or p-layer systems, such as e.g. is an npnipn, pnipnp, npnipnp, pnpnipnpn, or pnpnpnipnpnpn structure.
  • one or more of the further p-material systems and / or the further n-material systems contains one or more doped wide-gap
  • the device is a tandem cell of a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures.
  • the organic materials are at least partially polymers, but at least one photoactive i-layer is formed from small molecules.
  • the acceptor material is a material from the group of fullerenes or
  • Fullerene derivatives preferably ⁇ or C70
  • a PTCDI derivative perylene-3,4,9,10-bis (dicarboximide) derivative
  • the donor material is an oligomer, in particular an oligomer according to WO2006092134, a porphyrin derivative, a pentacene derivative or a Perylene derivative, such as DIP (di-indeno-perylene), DBP (di-benzoperylene).
  • oligomer in particular an oligomer according to WO2006092134, a porphyrin derivative, a pentacene derivative or a Perylene derivative, such as DIP (di-indeno-perylene), DBP (di-benzoperylene).
  • the p-type material system contains a TPD derivative (triphenylamine dimer), a spiro compound such as spiropyrane, spiroxazine, MeO-TPD ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl) - benzidine), di-NPB ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-di (1-naphthyl) -N, N'-diphenyl- (1, 1'-biphenyl) 4, 4'-diamines), MTDATA (4, 4 ', 4 "-tris ( N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino) -triphenylamine), TNATA
  • TPD derivative triphenylamine dimer
  • MeO-TPD ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl) - benzidine
  • di-NPB ⁇ , ⁇ '-di (1-
  • the n-material system contains fullerenes, such as ⁇ , C70; NTCDA (1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride), NTCDI (naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide) or PTCDI (perylene-3,4,9,10-bis (dicarboximide).
  • fullerenes such as ⁇ , C70; NTCDA (1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride), NTCDI (naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide) or PTCDI (perylene-3,4,9,10-bis (dicarboximide).
  • the p-type material system contains a p-dopant, wherein this p-dopant F4-TCNQ, a p-dopant as in DE10338406, DE10347856,
  • the n- Material system an n-dopant, said n-dopant is a TTF derivative (tetrathiafulvalene derivative) or DTT derivative (dithienothiophene), an n-dopant as described in DE10338406,
  • the device is semitransparent with a transmission of 10-80%.
  • the electrodes consist of a metal (eg Al, Ag, Au or a combination of these), a conductive oxide, in particular ITO, ZnO: Al or another TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide), a conductive polymer, in particular PEDOT / PSS poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) or PANI (polyaniline), or a combination of these
  • a metal eg Al, Ag, Au or a combination of these
  • a conductive oxide in particular ITO, ZnO: Al or another TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide)
  • a conductive polymer in particular PEDOT / PSS poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate) or PANI (polyaniline), or a combination of these
  • the organic materials used have a low melting point, preferably ⁇ 100 ° C, on. In a further embodiment, the organic materials used have a low
  • Glass transition temperature preferably ⁇ 150 ° C, on.
  • the use of light traps the optical path of the incident Light in the active system increases.
  • the component is designed as an organic pin solar cell or organic pin tandem solar cell.
  • a tandem solar cell while a solar cell is referred to, which consists of a vertical stack of two series-connected solar cells.
  • the light trap is realized in that the component is constructed on a periodically microstructured substrate and the homogeneous function of the component, ie a short-circuit-free
  • Ultrathin components have an increased risk of forming local short circuits on structured substrates, such that ultimately the functionality of the entire component is jeopardized by such obvious inhomogeneity. This risk of short circuit is caused by the
  • Light trap realized by the fact that the device is constructed on a periodically microstructured substrate and the homogeneous function of the device whose
  • Short-circuit-free contacting and a homogeneous distribution of the electric field over the entire surface is ensured by the use of a doped wide-gap layer. It is particularly advantageous that the light passes through the absorber layer at least twice, which can lead to increased light absorption and thereby to improved efficiency of the solar cell. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the substrate pyramid-like structures on the surface having heights and widths in the range of one to several hundred micrometers, respectively. Height and width can be chosen the same or different. Likewise, the pyramids can be constructed symmetrically or asymmetrically.
  • the light trap is realized in that a doped wide-gap layer has a smooth interface with the i-layer and a rough interface with the reflective contact.
  • interface can be defined by a periodic
  • Microstructuring can be achieved. Particularly advantageous is the rough interface when they diffuse the light
  • the light trap is realized in that the component is built up on a periodically microstructured substrate and a
  • doped wide-gap layer a smooth interface with the i-layer and a rough interface to the reflective
  • the overall structure of the optoelectronic component is provided with transparent base and cover contact.
  • Photoactive components of the invention used in conjunction with energy buffer or energy storage medium such as batteries, capacitors, etc. for connection to consumers or devices.
  • energy buffer or energy storage medium such as batteries, capacitors, etc.
  • Photoactive components according to the invention used in combination with thin-film batteries.
  • Photoactive components according to the invention on curved surfaces such as concrete, tiles, clay, car glass, etc. used. It is advantageous that the organic solar cells according to the invention compared
  • Carriers such as films, textiles, etc. can be applied.
  • Photoactive components according to the invention applied to a film or textile, which on, with the
  • an adhesive such as
  • Need can be arranged on any surface.
  • a self-adhesive solar cell can be generated.
  • Adhesion agent in the form of a Velcro connection.
  • Embodiments are intended to describe the invention without limiting it. It show the
  • Fig.l is a schematic sectional view of a
  • Embodiment of the invention is arranged on a molded concrete part of a solar module.
  • the solar module comprises at least two serially connected photoactive
  • Components comprising a first and a second electrode and a photoactive layer system comprising at least one mixed layer of an acceptor donor system
  • the photoactive portion include organic materials.
  • the photoactive portion include organic materials.
  • Components are arranged on a flexible substrate, which is designed for example as a PET film.
  • a connecting means for arranging on the surface of the concrete molding is arranged.
  • Connecting means is designed, for example, so that a detachable arrangement on the concrete molding is possible.
  • the connecting means for detachable assembly on the concrete part is designed in two pieces.
  • at least a part of the connecting means is arranged on the module and the other part of the connecting means is arranged on the molded part itself.
  • the connecting means is designed as a button connection.
  • a version as a Velcro connection wherein the barbs are arranged on the back of the module and the counterpart on the Molded part is arranged.
  • the barbs can also be arranged on the molded part.
  • the barbs are introduced into the surface of the molded part made of concrete. This has the advantage that a resistant detachable arrangement on the molding is possible, with the integrated
  • a connecting means for non-detachable arrangement is provided on the molded part.
  • the connecting agent which at the the photoactive
  • Arrangement is formed on the molding and, for example, represents an adhesive layer.
  • the further layer is formed on the molding and, for example, represents an adhesive layer.
  • Intermediate layer is disposed between the adhesion layer and the substrate and is as a flexible layer having a Young's modulus of ⁇ 45 GPa.
  • the substrate is a flexible layer having a Young's modulus of ⁇ 45 GPa.
  • Intermediate layer formed as a glass fleece or textile fabric layer.
  • the intermediate layer serves to prevent possible cracking in the molded part and its effects on the solar module. In design of the molded concrete, it may be due to the drying to a
  • the intermediate layer is formed of a flexible, elastic material. This could result in tensions
  • the solar module 1 which is arranged on the shaped body 2, a first holding means 3, which, for example, as an eyelet
  • Holding means 4 which is arranged on the shaped body 2, guided and secured by means of Council noses 5. These allow a pass through the eyelet 3, but then a removal of the solar module 1 only by destroying the

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module solaire destiné à être installé sur des pièces moulées et son utilisation.
PCT/IB2013/054400 2012-05-30 2013-05-28 Module solaire à installer sur des pièces moulées WO2013179220A2 (fr)

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DE102012104638.7 2012-05-30

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CA3028911C (fr) 2018-02-28 2022-03-22 Scott Carrington Generateur d'energie portatif
DE102020211456A1 (de) 2020-09-11 2022-03-17 Armor Solar Power Films Gmbh Fassadenelement für ein Gebäude, Halterung für ein Fassadenelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fassadenelements

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WO2013179223A3 (fr) 2014-03-13
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