WO2013150952A1 - 非線形抵抗素子 - Google Patents
非線形抵抗素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013150952A1 WO2013150952A1 PCT/JP2013/059244 JP2013059244W WO2013150952A1 WO 2013150952 A1 WO2013150952 A1 WO 2013150952A1 JP 2013059244 W JP2013059244 W JP 2013059244W WO 2013150952 A1 WO2013150952 A1 WO 2013150952A1
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- ceramic
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- insulating resin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C13/00—Resistors not provided for elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/1006—Thick film varistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/105—Varistor cores
- H01C7/108—Metal oxide
- H01C7/112—ZnO type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-linear resistance element used for an overvoltage protection device such as a lightning arrester, a surge absorbing element or a voltage stabilizing element.
- a non-linear resistance element called a varistor has a characteristic that its resistance value changes depending on an applied voltage, that is, a high resistance value when a normal voltage is applied and exhibits an insulation characteristic, and an abnormal high voltage When applied, it has a non-linear voltage-current characteristic showing a low resistance value.
- Nonlinear resistance elements having such characteristics are widely used in lightning arresters or surge absorbers for the purpose of absorbing surges and noise, or voltage stabilizing elements.
- the non-linear resistance element is made of, for example, a ceramic sintered body mainly composed of zinc oxide (ZnO).
- the ceramic sintered body is added with zinc oxide and at least one of bismuth oxide, antimony oxide, and cobalt oxide, which are basic additives that develop non-linear voltage-current characteristics, to further improve performance. It is obtained by forming raw material powders containing various oxides and firing the molded body.
- the ceramic sintered body is, for example, formed in a rectangular plate shape, in an annular shape, or formed in various shapes in accordance with the mounting location and the shape of a member serving as an electrode (Patent Document 1). And 2).
- JP 2003-59705 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-287484
- the shape and volume of the mounting space of the nonlinear resistance element are limited by the shape and size of the ceramic sintered body.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a non-linear resistance element that can improve the design flexibility of the mounting space.
- the non-linear resistance element of the present invention includes at least a ceramic sheet configured by a plurality of ceramic pieces made of a ceramic sintered body being solidified in a plate shape with an insulating resin, and one or a plurality of the ceramic pieces are the ceramics.
- a ceramic sheet configured by a plurality of ceramic pieces made of a ceramic sintered body being solidified in a plate shape with an insulating resin, and one or a plurality of the ceramic pieces are the ceramics.
- Each of the plurality of conduction paths penetrating the sheet in the thickness direction, and the ceramic pieces constituting both ends of the conduction path partially protrude from the insulating resin.
- the protruding portion of the ceramic piece with respect to the insulating resin has a convex shape. That is, it is preferable that a part or all of the surface of the protruding portion has a shape such that the substantially central portion is higher than the other portions, such as a substantially spherical shape or a substantially elliptic spherical shape.
- the nonlinear resistance element of the present invention further includes a conductive layer covering one or both of the pair of main surfaces of the ceramic sheet.
- the ceramic piece layers composed of the plurality of ceramic pieces arranged in parallel to the main surface of the ceramic sheet are stacked in the thickness direction of the ceramic sheet. It is preferable to be constituted by being hardened with an insulating resin.
- nonlinear resistance element of the present invention it is preferable that a plurality of the ceramic sheets and conductive layers are alternately laminated.
- the insulating resin is thinned by the amount of protrusion of the ceramic piece relative to the insulating resin, so that the flexibility of the ceramic sheet is ensured.
- the nonlinear resistance element can be easily deformed in accordance with a space of an arbitrary shape and volume.
- the ceramic sheet is cut with an appropriate tool at the insulating resin portion, and the shape and size can be easily adjusted. As a result, the design flexibility of the shape and size of the mounting space can be improved.
- the protruding portion of the ceramic piece can be reliably brought into contact with the conductor.
- seat, and the said conductor is implement
- the nonlinear resistive element as the first embodiment of the present invention includes a ceramic sheet 10 as shown in FIG.
- the ceramic sheet 10 is solidified in a substantially flat plate shape by an insulating resin 12 in a state where a plurality of substantially spherical ceramic pieces (or ceramic beads) 11 made of a ceramic sintered body are dispersed and arranged in a substantially planar shape. It is comprised by.
- the plurality of ceramic pieces 11 are irregularly arranged, but may be regularly arranged.
- the shape of the ceramic sheet 10 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be arbitrarily changed according to its use, such as a circular shape.
- the ceramic piece 11 has a substantially spherical shape, a columnar shape such as an elliptical sphere shape, a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape such as a cylindrical shape, a frustum shape such as a truncated cone shape, or a polyhedral shape such as a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a regular dodecahedron. You may form in arbitrary shapes.
- the ceramic piece 11 is a ceramic sintered body having non-linear electrical resistance characteristics mainly composed of zinc oxide (ZnO), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), silicon carbide (SiC) or tin oxide (SnO 2 ). It is composed of the body. Bi 2 O 3 , Pr 6 O 11 , BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , TiO 2 , SnO 2, Fe 3 O 4, or the like is selected as an additive component for the oxidation main component.
- the insulating resin 12 various resins having both insulating properties and flexibility depending on the application, such as a synthetic resin such as a fluorine resin, a silicon resin, a urethane elastomer, or an olefin elastomer, are employed.
- the insulating resin 12 may be a resin whose flexibility becomes apparent in a certain temperature range different from room temperature.
- the insulating resin 12 a resin excellent in flame retardancy, heat resistance, or thermal conductivity is used, thereby improving thermal properties and electrical performance.
- the insulating resin 12 may contain an additive for improving the flame retardancy, heat resistance, or thermal conductivity.
- the additive include oxides such as alumina, or non-oxides such as aluminum nitride or boron nitride, as well as thermally conductive particles whose surfaces are insulated (regardless of metal and non-metallic compounds), Depending on the case, a trace amount of conductive particles within a range in which the insulating property does not deteriorate can be employed.
- the ceramic sheet 10 By adopting a resin having the property of being discolored by heating as the insulating resin 12, it is possible to visually check the presence or absence of surge voltage application and the degree of element deterioration, so it is determined whether the ceramic sheet 10 needs to be replaced It is meaningful from the viewpoint.
- the electrode layers 13 on both sides of the element are transparent electrodes such as ITO (indium tin oxide) formed by a physical method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, the visual confirmation is further facilitated.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- each ceramic piece 11 constitutes each conduction path passing through the ceramic sheet 10 in the thickness direction (vertical direction in the figure), and the ceramic pieces 11 constituting both ends of each conduction path are as follows. It partially protrudes from the insulating resin 12.
- the protruding portion of the ceramic piece 11 has a substantially spherical shape (convex shape) with a substantially central portion being high. In the direction parallel to the main surface of the ceramic sheet 10, the ceramic pieces 11 do not need to be separated from each other, and may be in contact so as to form an electrical contact.
- the nonlinear resistance element may include a pair of electrode layers (conductive layers) 13 covering each of the pair of main surfaces of the ceramic sheet 10. Only one main surface of the ceramic sheet 10 may be covered with the electrode layer 13. Furthermore, the nonlinear resistance element may include an insulating resin layer or an insulating resin body that protects the outside of the electrode layer 13.
- This slurry is stored in a suitable container, and dropped into a dilute nitric acid solution in which metallic zinc is dissolved through a common nozzle together with an ammonium alginate solution stored in another container.
- a substantially spherical shaped body covered with the jelly is obtained.
- An aqueous ammonium alginate solution may be directly added to the slurry. The combination of the solution and the substance that solidifies in a jelly form in the solution may be appropriately changed.
- the size of the formed body, and thus the ceramic piece 11 can be adjusted according to the amount of dripping per time.
- the concentration of the ammonium alginate aqueous solution and the concentration of metallic zinc in the dilute nitric acid aqueous solution are appropriately adjusted.
- a pulverized product obtained by pulverizing a ceramic molded body after calcination may be used.
- a molded body having an arbitrary shape such as a substantially spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a prismatic shape, a truncated cone shape, or a polyhedral shape is produced. May be.
- a substantially spherical ceramic sintered body is manufactured as the ceramic piece 11 by firing.
- a substantially spherical ceramic sintered body is manufactured as the ceramic piece 11 by firing.
- a ZnO-based ceramic it is fired at 1100 [° C.] for 2 hours.
- the molded body that has been dried to some extent may be dried while being stirred.
- the average diameter r of the substantially spherical ceramic piece 11 is adjusted to fall within a range of, for example, 0.2 to 5 [mm]. This is because if the ceramic piece 11 is too small, it is difficult to form the ceramic piece 11, while if the ceramic piece 11 is too large, compositional or microstructural non-uniformity of the ceramic piece 11 tends to occur.
- the ceramic piece 11 is kneaded with the molten insulating resin 12 and extruded to form a sheet, whereby the ceramic sheet 10 having the above-described configuration is manufactured.
- the density of the ceramic pieces 11 (the number of the ceramic pieces 11 per unit area of the ceramic sheet 10) or the average interval is adjusted.
- the non-linear resistance element can control electric characteristics such as capacitance and frequency characteristics, heat dissipation characteristics, and mechanical strength. .
- the ceramic sheet 10 may be manufactured according to an injection molding method. Specifically, in a state where a plurality of ceramic pieces 11 are fixed in a predetermined arrangement pattern in the cavity of the mold, the molten insulating resin 12 is injected into the mold. For example, a small electronic component mounting machine or the like is used, and the ceramic piece 11 is fixed to a predetermined location by a resist (an etching adhesive method is used to remove portions other than the predetermined location) as an insulating adhesive. sell. Thereby, the clearance gap between the said several ceramic pieces 11 is filled with insulating resin, and the ceramic sheet of the same structure is obtained as a result.
- a resist an etching adhesive method is used to remove portions other than the predetermined location
- the main surface of the ceramic sheet 10 may be subjected to sandblasting in order to expose the ceramic piece 11 or an appropriate one.
- the coated portion may be dissolved and then removed.
- the type of the insulating resin 12 may be selected from the viewpoint of removing the coating.
- a conductive paste containing silver particles and a thermoplastic resin is applied or printed in a predetermined pattern on both main surfaces of the ceramic sheet 10 and dried to form the electrode layer 13.
- a room temperature curable conductive adhesive or a thermosetting conductive adhesive can be employed.
- the conductive particles can be copper, gold, carbon, or the like.
- the electrode layer 13 may be formed by a chemical method such as plating, a physical method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, or application and baking of nano-sized silver particles.
- a resin having a fuse function due to a sudden increase in resistance with increasing temperature may be used as the adhesive constituting the electrode layer 13.
- a layer made of a sintered small piece of a positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC thermistor) is adhered to one or both main surfaces of the nonlinear resistance element on the outside of the electrode layer 13. May be.
- the conductive plate material may be fixed to the ceramic sheet 10 with an adhesive, a bolt, or the like so that it contacts the ceramic piece 11.
- a plurality of electrode layers 13 spaced apart from each other may be provided on at least one of the two main surfaces of the single ceramic sheet 10.
- the interval between the plurality of electrode layers 13 is adjusted such that the insulating resin 12 prevents an electrical short circuit.
- the interval between the boundary region or the intermediate region that separates the ceramic piece groups (one or more ceramic pieces 11 belong) having electrical contacts with respect to each of the plurality of electrode layers 13 is adjusted.
- the volume occupancy of the ceramic piece 11 in the boundary region may be adjusted to be lower than the volume occupancy of the ceramic piece group in the ceramic sheet 10.
- a multi-terminal nonlinear resistance element using each electrode layer 13 as an electrode terminal can be configured.
- the ceramic sheet 10 constituting the nonlinear resistance element according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of ceramic sheets arranged in parallel to the main surface of the ceramic sheet 10.
- the ceramic piece layer constituted by the ceramic pieces 11 is constituted by being solidified by the insulating resin 12 in a state where three pieces are stacked in the thickness direction (vertical direction in the figure) of the ceramic sheet 10.
- FIG. 4B in the cross-sectional view, the cross-sectional diameter of the ceramic piece 11 is different every other layer
- a plurality of ceramic pieces 11 having a substantially spherical shape and the same diameter may be solidified into a sheet by the insulating resin 12 in a state of being arranged so as to have a three-dimensional close-packed structure.
- the conductive path is constituted not by a single ceramic piece 11 but by a plurality of ceramic pieces 11 that are in contact with each other in the thickness direction of the aeramix sheet 10.
- the manufacturing method of the ceramic sheet 10 in the second embodiment is the same as the manufacturing method of the ceramic sheet 10 in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- a conductive path is constituted by a single ceramic piece 11 in a part of the ceramic sheet 10 as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 2), and other areas of the aeramix sheet 10 are in the second embodiment as in the second embodiment.
- the conductive path may be configured by a plurality of ceramic pieces 11 that are in contact with each other in the thickness direction (see FIG. 5).
- the ceramic sheet 10 is divided into a plurality of regions with different density of conductive paths (the number of conductive paths per unit area of the ceramic sheet 10; equivalent to the density of ceramic pieces 11 in the first embodiment). Also good.
- the ceramic sheet 10 may be configured such that the density N1 of the conductive path in the first region of the ceramic sheet 10 is higher than the density N2 of the conductive path in the second region adjacent to the first region. .
- the ceramic pieces 11 are mixed at the second ratio lower than the first ratio.
- the portion corresponding to the second region is similarly molded by the insulating resin 12 according to the extrusion molding method, whereby the ceramic sheet 10 having the above-described configuration in which the density of the conductive path is dense is manufactured.
- a plurality of ceramic sheets 10 constituting one or both of the first and second embodiments of the present invention and one or a plurality of conductive layers are alternately stacked in the thickness direction of the ceramic sheets 10. By doing so, a single nonlinear resistance element may be configured.
- the nonlinear resistance element of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the insulating resin 12 is thinned by the amount of protrusion of the ceramic piece 11 with respect to the insulating resin 12, so that the flexibility of the ceramic sheet 10 is increased. Secured.
- the nonlinear resistance element as the first embodiment of the present invention see FIG. 2 It is possible to easily deform the ceramic sheet 10 constituting the above, and thus the nonlinear resistance element.
- the ceramic sheet 10 constituting the nonlinear resistance element (see FIG. 4A) as the second embodiment of the present invention, and thus the nonlinear resistance element is easily deformed. be able to.
- the thickness t of the insulating resin 12 is larger than that of the first embodiment, but the density of the ceramic pieces 11 or the number of ceramic piece layers is adjusted in addition to the material of the insulating resin 12. Thereby, sufficient flexibility according to the use of the ceramic sheet 10 can be ensured.
- the protruding portion of the ceramic piece 11 is placed on the conductor. It can be made to contact reliably. This is when the ceramic piece 11 has a substantially spherical shape, a substantially elliptical spherical shape, or a polyhedral shape such as a thirty-icosahedron, and the protruding portion of the ceramic piece 11 with respect to the insulating resin 12 has a substantially isotropic convex shape. This is a remarkable effect.
- the ceramic sheet 10 is deformed along the surface of the conductor (see the broken lines in FIGS. 5A to 5C and FIG. 6) as the electrode of the nonlinear resistance element according to the first embodiment of the present invention,
- the protruding portion of the ceramic piece 11 can be reliably brought into contact with the conductor (see FIGS. 5A to 5C and FIG. 6).
- the operation of bringing the ceramic sheet 11 into contact with or attaching to the electric conductor may be performed at the manufacturing stage of the non-linear resistance element in the factory, or the operation of the non-linear resistance element in the place where the electric conductor performing the electrode function is provided. It may be performed at the configuration or implementation stage.
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Abstract
Description
(構成)
本発明の第1実施形態としての非線形抵抗素子は、図1に示されているようなセラミックスシート10を備えている。セラミックスシート10は、セラミックス焼結体からなる略球形状の複数のセラミックスピース(又はセラミックスビーズ)11が略平面状に分散配置されている状態で、絶縁性樹脂12により略平板状に固められることにより構成されている。図1に示されている例では複数のセラミックスピース11は不規則的に配置されているが、規則的に配置されていてもよい。セラミックスシート10の形状は、矩形状に限らず、円形状等、その用途に合わせて任意に変更されうる。
セラミックスピース11の製造に際して、例えば、主成分であるZnO粉末に対して、Bi2O3:0.5[mol%]、Sb2O3:1.0[mol%]、Co2O3:0.5[mol%]、MnO2:0.5[mol%]、Cr2O3:0.5[mol%]、Al(NO3)・9H2O:0.01[mol%]が添加され、さらに溶剤及び分散剤が加えられて混合されたスラリーが精製される。
(構成)
本発明の第2実施形態としての非線形抵抗素子を構成するセラミックスシート10は、図4(a)に示されているように、セラミックスシート10の主面に対して平行に配置されている複数のセラミックスピース11により構成されるセラミックスピースレイヤーが、セラミックスシート10の厚み方向(図中上下方向)に3つ積み重ねられた状態で絶縁性樹脂12により固められることにより構成されている。変形例として、図4(b)に概念的に示されているように(断面図においてはセラミックスピース11の断面径は一層おきに異なる。)、複数の略球形状かつ同径のセラミックスピース11が、立体最密充填構造を有するように配置された状態で絶縁性樹脂12によりシート状に固められていてもよい。
セラミックスシート10の一部の領域が第1実施形態のように単一のセラミックスピース11により導電経路が構成され(図2参照)、その他の領域が第2実施形態のようにアエラミックスシート10の厚み方向に相互に当接している複数のセラミックスピース11により導電経路が構成されていてもよい(図5参照)。
前記構成の本発明の非線形抵抗素子によれば、絶縁性樹脂12に対するセラミックスピース11の突出量が確保される分だけ、当該絶縁性樹脂12が薄くされるので、セラミックスシート10の可撓性が確保される。これにより、任意の形状及び容積のスペースに合わせて、例えば、図5(a)~(c)に示されているように、本発明の第1実施形態としての非線形抵抗素子(図2参照)を構成するセラミックスシート10、ひいては当該非線形抵抗素子を容易に変形させることができる。
Claims (5)
- セラミックス焼結体からなる複数のセラミックスピースが絶縁性樹脂により板状に固められることにより構成されているセラミックスシートを少なくとも備え、
一又は複数の前記セラミックスピースが前記セラミックスシートをその厚み方向に貫通する複数の導通経路のそれぞれを構成し、かつ、前記導通経路の両端を構成する前記セラミックスピースが前記絶縁性樹脂から部分的に突出していることを特徴とする非線形抵抗素子。 - 請求項1記載の非線形抵抗素子において、
前記絶縁性樹脂に対する前記セラミックスピースの突出部分が、凸面形状を有することを特徴とする非線形抵抗素子。 - 請求項1記載の非線形抵抗素子において、
前記セラミックスシートの一対の主面のうち一方又は両方を被覆する導電層をさらに備えていることを特徴とする非線形抵抗素子。 - 請求項1記載の非線形抵抗素子において、
前記セラミックスシートの主面に対して平行に配置されている複数の前記セラミックスピースにより構成されるセラミックスピースレイヤーが、前記セラミックスシートの厚み方向に積み重ねられた状態で前記絶縁性樹脂により固められることにより構成されていることを特徴とする非線形抵抗素子。 - 請求項1記載の非線形抵抗素子において、
複数の前記セラミックスシートと、導電層とが交互に積層されることにより構成されていることを特徴とする非線形抵抗素子。
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CN201380001541.XA CN103563015A (zh) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-28 | 非线性电阻元件 |
KR1020137031662A KR20140143311A (ko) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-28 | 비선형 저항 소자 |
US14/119,984 US9007167B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-28 | Non-linear resistive element |
EP13772706.1A EP2709116B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2013-03-28 | Nonlinear resistive element |
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-
2013
- 2013-03-28 EP EP13772706.1A patent/EP2709116B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-28 KR KR1020137031662A patent/KR20140143311A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-03-28 US US14/119,984 patent/US9007167B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-28 CN CN201380001541.XA patent/CN103563015A/zh active Pending
- 2013-03-28 WO PCT/JP2013/059244 patent/WO2013150952A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPS63287584A (ja) | 1987-05-19 | 1988-11-24 | 日本電気株式会社 | 紙葉類配達区分システム |
JPH0262005A (ja) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-03-01 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | シート状バリスタ |
JP2003059705A (ja) | 2001-08-20 | 2003-02-28 | Otowa Denki Kogyo Kk | 非線形抵抗素子 |
JP2008218749A (ja) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-18 | Toshiba Corp | ZnOバリスター粉末 |
WO2012046765A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-04-12 | 音羽電機工業株式会社 | 非線形抵抗素子及びその製造方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140125449A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
US9007167B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
JP2013219091A (ja) | 2013-10-24 |
EP2709116B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
KR20140143311A (ko) | 2014-12-16 |
EP2709116A4 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
EP2709116A1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
JP5998328B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
CN103563015A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
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