Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
  • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
  • B29D30/52—Unvulcanised treads, e.g. on used tyres; Retreading
  • B29D30/54—Retreading
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
  • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
  • B29D30/52—Unvulcanised treads, e.g. on used tyres; Retreading
  • B29D30/54—Retreading
  • B29D30/56—Retreading with prevulcanised tread
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
  • B60C11/02—Replaceable treads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
  • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
  • B29D30/52—Unvulcanised treads, e.g. on used tyres; Retreading
  • B29D30/54—Retreading
  • B29D2030/548—Removing the worn out tread from the carcass, e.g. by pulling a continuous wire embedded between tread and carcass
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
  • Y10T156/11—Methods of delaminating, per se; i.e., separating at bonding face
  • Y10T156/1153—Temperature change for delamination [e.g., heating during delaminating, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the retreading of tires comprising a composition based on thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) in their crown ("crown").
• TPE thermoplastic elastomers
• the tire tread being the part of the tire in contact with the tread, it is the part of the tire that wears the most and the fastest.
• An interesting objective for tire manufacturers is to be able to remove the tread from a tire, commonly known as “decapping", in order to replace it with another tread, an operation commonly known as retreading to extend the life of the tire. life of a tire without having to change it completely.
• decapping an operation commonly known as retreading to extend the life of the tire. life of a tire without having to change it completely.
• the operation of decapping remains complex and therefore expensive. This is one of the reasons why passenger car tires are nowadays very little retreaded. It would therefore be very advantageous to find a way to more effectively detach and retread the tires.
• the invention relates to a method of retreading a radial tire for a motor vehicle, comprising: o a top having a tread provided with at least a radially outer portion intended to come into contact with the road;
• a crown reinforcement or belt disposed circumferentially between the radially outer portion of the tread and the carcass reinforcement; o a radially inner elastomeric layer called "underlayer” (or underlayer tread), of different formulation of the formulation of the part radially outer of the tread, this sub-layer being itself circumferentially disposed between the radially outer portion of the tread and the carcass reinforcement;
• said underlayer comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, said thermoplastic elastomer being a block copolymer comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, the total content of thermoplastic elastomer being within a range of 65 to 100 phr ( parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer), said method comprising a step of removing said tread from the tire structure by softening said underlayer.
• the softening of the underlayer is easily achieved by heating, allowing the separation of the worn tread from the rest of the tire structure; greatly simplifying the decapping operation.
• thermoplastic elastomer residue on the remaining structure of the tire allows a retreadability by using a new tread also having, in its lower part, an underlayer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer of identical or compatible nature (that is to say similar by its chemical composition, mass, polarity and or its glass transition temperature Tg). It is therefore sufficient to make contact between the structure of the escaped tire and the tread, and to apply a temperature and a sufficient pressure to the interface in order to melt the two thermoplastic layers and thus obtain a new one. retreaded tire. This operation could be renewed almost indefinitely, limited only by the life of the carcass.
• Another major advantage of the invention is to allow a saving of materials since instead of changing the entire tire, it becomes possible very easily to change only the worn tread. This economy is also very favorable to the preservation of the environment.
• the invention preferably relates to a method as defined above wherein the softening of the underlayer is operated so as to bring said layer at a temperature between 100 ° C and 230 ° C, preferably between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, and even more preferably between 120 ° C and 180 ° C.
• the invention more preferably relates to a method as defined above comprising after removal of the tread, a step of laying a new tread on the tire structure. More preferably, the new tread is provided with an underlayer comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, said thermoplastic elastomer being a block copolymer comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, the total content of thermoplastic elastomer being within a range of 65 to 100 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer).
• the invention preferably relates to a method as defined above wherein the new tread is laid by softening its underlayer and cooling the tire.
• the softening of the underlayer is carried out by heating said tire, preferably at a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 230 ° C., preferably between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C., and even more preferably between 120 ° C. and 180 ° C.
• the invention relates to a process as defined above, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the thermoplastic elastomer is between 30,000 and 500,000 g / mol. More preferably, the invention relates to a process as defined above, wherein the one or more elastomeric blocks of the block copolymer are chosen from elastomers having a glass transition temperature of less than 25 ° C .; preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylenic elastomers, diene elastomers and mixtures thereof, more preferably from diene elastomers.
• the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the elastomeric block or blocks of the block copolymer are diene elastomers derived from isoprene, butadiene or a mixture thereof. .
• the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the thermoplastic block or blocks of the block copolymer are chosen from polymers having a glass transition temperature greater than 80 ° C.
• thermoplastic block or blocks of the block copolymer are chosen from the group consisting of polyolefms, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polyacetals, polyethers, phenylene polysulfides, polyfluorides, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polymethyl methacrylate, polyetherimide, thermoplastic copolymers and mixtures thereof; and more preferably, the thermoplastic block (s) of the block copolymer are chosen from polystyrenes.
• the invention relates to a process as defined above, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers are selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic elastomers styrene / butadiene (SB), styrene / isoprene (SI) styrene / butadiene / isoprene (SBI), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), styrene / butadiene / isoprene / styrene (SBIS) and mixtures of these copolymers.
• SB thermoplastic elastomers
• SI styrene / isoprene
• SI styrene / butadiene
• SI styrene / isoprene / styren
• the invention relates to a process as defined above, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is the only elastomer of the underlayer.
• the invention relates to a process as defined above, wherein the underlayer further comprises a non-thermoplastic elastomer at a rate of at most 35 phr.
• the invention relates to a method as defined above, wherein the underlayer further comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer based on polyether.
• the polyether is chosen from poly (para-phenylene ether) polymers.
• the polyether content is less than 40 phr, preferably between 2 and 35 phr.
• the invention relates to a method as defined above, wherein the underlayer is free of thermoplastic polymer other than a polyether or contains less than 30 phr, preferably less than 10 phr.
• the invention relates to a method as defined above, wherein said sublayer has an elastic modulus ratio at 200 ° C. and at 60 ° C. different from that of the adjacent layers, so that that the following equation be checked with each of the adjacent layers:
• the invention also relates to a method as defined above, in which the following equation is verified for the underlayer:
• the invention relates more particularly to a retreading process of tires intended to equip non-motorized vehicles such as bicycles, or tourism-type motor vehicles, SUV ("Sport Utility Vehicles"), two wheels (including motorcycles), aircraft, such as industrial vehicles chosen from light trucks, "heavy goods vehicles” - that is, metros, buses, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles such as agricultural or civil engineering goods -, other transport or handling vehicles.
• non-motorized vehicles such as bicycles, or tourism-type motor vehicles, SUV ("Sport Utility Vehicles")
• two wheels including motorcycles
• aircraft such as industrial vehicles chosen from light trucks, "heavy goods vehicles” - that is, metros, buses, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles such as agricultural or civil engineering goods -, other transport or handling vehicles.
• FIGS. 1 to 2 relating to these examples which diagrammatically show, in radial section, examples of radial tires. retreadable according to the method of the invention.
• the underlayer is disposed circumferentially inside the crown of the tire, between on the one hand the most radially outer portion of its tread, that is to say say the portion intended to come into contact with the road when driving, and secondly the crown reinforcement.
• Underlay means any rubber part radially external to the crown reinforcement of the tire which does not extend to the outside of the tire, which is not in contact with the air or an inflation gas. other terms which is therefore located inside the tread or between the tread and the belt (or crown reinforcement) of the tire.
• this underlayer is the single layer lying between the tread and the crown reinforcement, or lying inside the tread.
• Figures 1 and 2 appended represent in radial section, very schematically (particularly without respecting a specific scale), two preferred examples of pneumatic tires for a motor vehicle with radial carcass reinforcement, retreadable according to the method of the invention. 'invention.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a first possible embodiment of the invention, according to which the underlayer (8) is integrated with the tread (3) itself, but arranged under the portion (3a) of the tread which is intended to come into contact with the road when driving, to form what is commonly called a sub-layer of a tread.
• the tread is also commonly known to those skilled in the art of "cap-base” tread, the term “cap” designating the sculpted portion of the tread intended to come into contact with the road and the term “base” designating the non-carved portion of the tread, of different formulation, which is in turn not intended to come into contact with the road.
• the tire (1) schematized comprises a crown (2) comprising a tread (3) (for simplicity, including a very simple sculpture), the radially outer portion (3 a) of which is intended to in contact with the road, two non-extensible beads (4) in which is anchored a carcass reinforcement (6).
• the top (2), joined to said beads (4) by two sides (5), is known per se reinforced by a crown reinforcement or "belt” (7) at least partly metallic and radially external to the carcass reinforcement (6).
• a tire belt generally consists of at least two superimposed belt plies, sometimes called “working” or “crossed” plies, whose reinforcing elements or “reinforcements” are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
• Each of these two crossed plies consists of a rubber matrix or "calendering rubber” coating the reinforcements.
• the crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements;
• examples of simple rubber cushions include so-called "protection” plies intended to protect the rest of the belt from external aggression, perforations, or so-called “hooping” plies comprising reinforcements oriented substantially along the circumferential direction (so-called “zero degree” plies), whether radially external or internal with respect to the crossed plies.
• reinforcement is generally used in the form of steel cords or textile cords. "textile cords") consisting of fine threads assembled together by cabling or twisting.
• the carcass reinforcement (6) is here anchored in each bead (4) by winding around two rods (4a, 4b), the upturn (6a, 6b) of the armature (6) being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire (1) which is shown here mounted on its rim (9).
• the carcass reinforcement (6) consists of at least one ply reinforced by radial textile cords, that is to say that these cords are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from a bead to the other so as to form an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located halfway between the two beads 4 and passes through the middle of the crown frame 7).
• this tire (1) further comprises, in known manner, a layer (10) of rubber or inner elastomer (commonly called “inner liner” or “inner liner”) which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended for protecting the carcass ply from the diffusion of air from the interior space to the tire.
• FIG. 2 illustrates another possible embodiment of the invention, according to which the underlayer (8) is external to the tread (ie, distinct from the latter), disposed this time, still in the top (2), below the tread (ie, radially inwardly from the latter) and above the belt (ie, radially outwardly from the latter), in other words between the tread rolling (3) and the belt (7).
• This underlayer preferably has a thickness of between 0.02 and 5 mm, preferably between 0.05 and 3 mm. According to a preferred embodiment, this thickness is preferably between 0.2 and 3 mm, more preferably between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, and even more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm. According to another preferred embodiment, this thickness is between 0.05 and 0.25 mm, more preferably 0.05 and 0.15 mm. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that this thickness will vary from one application to another, depending on the destination of the tires (two-wheeled vehicles, tourism, heavy goods vehicles, civil engineering). Moreover, the term “phr" means in the sense of the present patent application, part by weight per hundred parts of elastomer, thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic combined. For the purposes of the present invention, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are part of the elastomers.
• TPE thermoplastic elastomers
• any range of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (that is to say terminals a and b excluded). ) while any range of values designated by the expression “from a to b” signifies the range of values from a to b (that is to say, including the strict limits a and b).
• the invention relates to a method of retreading a radial tire (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising: o a crown (2) comprising a tread (3) provided with at least one part (3 a) radially external intended to come into contact with the road; two non-extensible beads (4), two sidewalls (5) connecting the beads (4) to the tread (3), a carcass reinforcement (6) passing through the two sides (5) and anchored in the beads (4).
• a crown reinforcement or belt (7) disposed circumferentially between the portion (3a) radially outer of the tread (3) and the carcass reinforcement (6); a radially inner elastomeric layer (8), called an "underlayer", of a formulation different from the formulation of the radially outer portion (3 a) of the tread, this underlayer being itself circumferentially disposed between the radially outer portion (3a) of the tread (3) and the crown reinforcement (7); said underlayer comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, said thermoplastic elastomer being a block copolymer comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, the total content of thermoplastic elastomer being within a range of 65 to 100 phr ( parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer); said method comprising a step of removing said tread from the tire structure by softening said underlayer.
• the softening of the underlayer is carried out by heating said tire, for example by carrying said underlayer at a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 230 ° C., preferably between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C. . and more preferably between 120 ° C and 180 ° C.
• thermoplastic elastomer being a block copolymer comprising at least one elastomeric block and at least one thermoplastic block, the total content of thermoplastic elastomer being within a range of from 65 to 100 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer) .
• the new tread is laid by softening its underlayer and then cooling the tire.
• the softening of the underlayer is carried out by heating said tire, for example by carrying said underlayer at a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 230 ° C., preferably between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C., more preferably between 120 ° C. C and 180 ° C.
• the heating of the tire to be retreaded and / or the new tread to be laid can be carried out in several ways known to those skilled in the art, and for example by placing in an oven
• composition of the underlayer has the essential characteristic of involving a tire provided with an elastomer layer called "sublayer" of formulation different from the outer portion, carved, of the strip.
• said underlayer comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer, said thermoplastic elastomer being a block copolymer comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, and the total content of thermoplastic elastomer being within a range of from to 100 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer).
• TPE Thermoplastic elastomer
• thermoplastic elastomers have an intermediate structure between thermoplastic polymers and elastomers. They are block copolymers, made up of rigid, thermoplastic blocks, connected by flexible blocks, elastomers.
• thermoplastic elastomer used for the implementation of the invention is a block copolymer whose chemical nature of thermoplastic blocks and elastomers may vary. 2.1.1. Structure of the TPE
• the number-average molecular weight (denoted Mn) of the TPE is preferably between 30,000 and 500,000 g / mol, more preferably between 40,000 and 400,000 g / mol.
• Mn number-average molecular weight
• the cohesion between the elastomer chains of the TPE in particular because of its possible dilution (in presence of an extension oil), may be affected; on the other hand, an increase in the temperature of use may affect the mechanical properties, including the properties at break, resulting in reduced performance "hot”.
• a mass Mn that is too high can be penalizing for the implementation.
• a value within a range of 50,000 to 300,000 g / mol is particularly well suited, especially to the use of TPE in a tire undercoat composition.
• the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the TPE elastomer is determined in a known manner by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC).
• SEC steric exclusion chromatography
• the sample is solubilized beforehand in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of approximately 1 g / l; then the solution is filtered on 0.45 ⁇ porosity filter before injection.
• the apparatus used is a "WATERS alliance" chromatographic chain.
• the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate 0.7 ml / min, the system temperature 35 ° C and the analysis time 90 min.
• a set of four WATERS columns in series, of trade names "STYRAGEL” ("HMW7", “HMW6E” and two “HT6E”) is used.
• the injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 ⁇ .
• the detector is a "WATERS 2410" differential refractometer and its associated software for the exploitation of chromatographic data is the “WATERS MILLENIUM” system.
• the calculated average molar masses relate to a calibration curve made with polystyrene standards. The conditions are adaptable by those skilled in the art.
• the TPE when reference is made to the glass transition temperature of the TPE, it is the Tg relative to the elastomeric block.
• the TPE preferably has a glass transition temperature ("Tg") which is preferably less than or equal to 25 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 10 ° C.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• a value Tg greater than these minima can reduce the performance of the underlayment when used at very low temperatures; for such use, the Tg of the TPE is more preferably still less than or equal to -10 ° C.
• the Tg of the TPE is greater than -100 ° C.
• the TPEs have two glass transition temperature peaks (Tg, measured according to ASTM D3418), the lowest temperature being relative to the elastomeric portion of the TPE, and the highest temperature being relative. to the thermoplastic part of the TPE.
• Tg glass transition temperature peaks
• the soft blocks of the TPEs are defined by a Tg lower than the ambient temperature (25 ° C), while the rigid blocks have a Tg greater than 80 ° C.
• the TPE must be provided with sufficiently incompatible blocks (that is to say different because of their mass, their polarity or their respective Tg) to maintain their own properties of elastomer or thermoplastic block.
• the TPEs can be copolymers with a small number of blocks (less than 5, typically 2 or 3), in which case these blocks preferably have high masses, greater than 15000 g / mol.
• These TPEs can be, for example, diblock copolymers, comprising a thermoplastic block and an elastomer block. They are often also triblock elastomers with two rigid segments connected by a flexible segment. The rigid and flexible segments can be arranged linearly, star or connected.
• each of these segments or blocks often contains at least more than 5, usually more than 10 base units (e.g., styrene units and butadiene units for a styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer).
• base units e.g., styrene units and butadiene units for a styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer.
• the TPE may also comprise a large number of blocks (more than 30, typically from 50 to 500) smaller, in which case these blocks preferably have low masses, for example from 500 to 5000 g / mol, these TPEs will be called multiblock TPEs later, and are a sequence of elastomeric blocks - thermoplastic blocks.
• the TPE is in a linear form.
• TPE is a diblock copolymer: thermoplastic block / elastomeric block.
• TPE can also be a triblock copolymer: thermoplastic block / elastomer block / block thermoplastic, that is to say a central elastomeric block and two terminal thermoplastic blocks, at each of the two ends of the elastomeric block.
• the multiblock TPE can be a linear sequence of elastomeric blocks - thermoplastic blocks.
• the TPE useful for the purposes of the invention is in a star shape at least three branches.
• the TPE may then consist of a stellate elastomer block with at least three branches and a thermoplastic block, located at the end of each of the branches of the elastomeric block.
• the number of branches of the central elastomer can vary, for example from 3 to 12, and preferably from 3 to 6.
• the TPE is in a branched form or dendrimer.
• the TPE can then consist of a connected elastomeric block or dendrimer and a thermoplastic block, located at the end of the branches of the dendrimer elastomer block. 2.1.2. Nature of elastomeric blocks
• the elastomeric blocks of the TPE for the purposes of the invention may be all the elastomers known to those skilled in the art. They generally have a Tg less than 25 ° C, preferably less than 10 ° C, more preferably less than 0 ° C and very preferably less than -10 ° C. Also preferably, the TPE block elastomer block is greater than -100 ° C.
• a saturated elastomeric block consists of a polymer block obtained by the polymerization of at least one (that is to say one or more) ethylenic monomer, that is to say comprising a double bond carbon - carbon.
• polyalkylene blocks such as ethylene-propylene or ethylene-butylene random copolymers.
• saturated elastomeric blocks can also be obtained by hydrogenation of unsaturated elastomeric blocks. It may also be aliphatic blocks from the family of polyethers, polyesters, or polycarbonates.
• this elastomeric block of the TPE is preferably composed mainly of ethylenic units.
• a majority is meant a weight ratio of ethylenic monomer highest relative to the total weight of the elastomeric block, and preferably a weight of more than 50%, more preferably more than 75% and even more preferably more than 85%. %.
• Conjugated C 4 -C 14 dienes may be copolymerized with the ethylenic monomers. In this case, it is a question of random copolymers.
• these conjugated dienes are chosen from isoprene, butadiene, 1-methylbutadiene, 2-methylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3- butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1 , 3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 5-methyl- 1,3-hexadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,
• the conjugated diene is chosen from butadiene or isoprene or a mixture containing butadiene and isoprene.
• this elastomer block of the TPE is preferably composed mainly of a diene elastomer part.
• a majority is meant a weight ratio of the highest diene monomer relative to the total weight of the elastomer block, and preferably a weight content of more than 50%), more preferably of more than 75% and even more preferably of more than 85%.
• the unsaturation of the unsaturated elastomer block can come from a monomer comprising a double bond and a cyclic unsaturation, this is the case for example in polynorbornene.
• C 4 -C 14 conjugated dienes may be polymerized or copolymerized to form a diene elastomer block.
• These conjugated dienes are preferably chosen from isoprene, butadiene, piperylene and 1-methylbutadiene.
• the monomers polymerized to form the elastomer part of the TPE may be randomly copolymerized with at least one other monomer so as to form an elastomer block.
• the molar fraction of polymerized monomer other than an ethylenic monomer, relative to the total number of elastomeric block units, must be such that this block retains its elastomer properties.
• the molar fraction of this other comonomer may range from 0 to 50%, more preferably from 0 to 45% and even more preferably from 0 to 40%.
• this other monomer capable of copolymerizing with the first monomer can be chosen from the ethylenic monomers as defined above (for example ethylene), the diene monomers, more particularly the conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 14 carbon atoms as defined above (for example butadiene), the monomers of the vinylaromatic type having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms as defined below or else it may be a monomer such as vinyl acetate).
• the comonomer is of the vinylaromatic type, it advantageously represents a fraction in units on the total number of units of the thermoplastic block from 0 to 50%, preferably ranging from 0 to 45% and even more preferentially ranging from 0 to 40%.
• vinylaromatic compounds are especially suitable the styrene monomers mentioned above, namely methylstyrenes, para-tert-butylstyrene, chlorostyrenes, bromostyrenes, fluoro styrenes or else the para-hydroxy-styrene.
• the vinylaromatic comonomer is styrene.
• the elastomeric blocks of the TPE have in total a number-average molecular weight ("Mn") ranging from 25,000 g / mol to 350,000 g / mol, preferably from 35,000 g / mol to 250,000 g / mol so as to give the TPE good elastomeric properties and sufficient mechanical strength and compatible with the use of underlayer tire.
• Mn number-average molecular weight
• the elastomer block may also be a block comprising several types of ethylenic, dienic or styrenic monomers as defined above.
• the elastomeric block may also consist of several elastomeric blocks as defined above.
• the glass transition temperature characteristic (Tg) of the thermoplastic rigid block will be used. This characteristic is well known to those skilled in the art. It allows in particular to choose the temperature of industrial implementation (transformation). In the case of an amorphous polymer (or a polymer block), the processing temperature is chosen to be substantially greater than the Tg of the thermoplastic block. In the specific case of a semi-crystalline polymer (or a polymer block), a melting point can be observed, then greater than the glass transition temperature. In this case, it is rather the melting temperature (Tf) which makes it possible to choose the implementation temperature of the polymer (or polymer block) considered.
• Tg glass transition temperature characteristic of the thermoplastic rigid block
• the TPE elastomers comprise one or more thermoplastic block (s) preferably having a Tg (or Tf, where appropriate) greater than or equal to 80 ° C. and consisting of ) from polymerized monomers.
• this thermoplastic block has a Tg (or Tf, where appropriate) included in a range of 80 ° C to 250 ° C.
• the Tg (or Tf, if appropriate) of this thermoplastic block is preferably from 80 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably from 80 ° C to 180 ° C.
• the proportion of the thermoplastic blocks relative to the TPE is determined firstly by the thermoplastic properties that must present said copolymer.
• the thermoplastic blocks having a Tg (or Tf, if appropriate) greater than or equal to 80 ° C are preferably present in proportions sufficient to preserve the thermoplastic nature of the elastomer useful for the purposes of the invention.
• the minimum level of thermoplastic blocks having a Tg (or Tf, if any) greater than or equal to 80 ° C in the TPE may vary depending on the conditions of use of the copolymer.
• the ability of the TPE to deform during tire preparation can also contribute to determining the proportion of thermoplastic blocks having a Tg (or Tf, if any) greater than or equal to 80 ° C.
• Thermoplastic blocks having a Tg (or Tf, if appropriate) greater than or equal to 80 ° C may be made from polymerized monomers of various kinds, in particular, they may constitute the following blocks or mixtures thereof: the polyols thin (polyethylene, polypropylene);
• polyethers polyethylene oxide, polyphenylene ether
• FEP polyfuroes
• thermoplastic copolymers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS).
• ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
• the thermoplastic blocks having a Tg (or Tf, where appropriate) greater than or equal to 80 ° C can also be obtained from monomers chosen from the following compounds and their mixtures: acenaphthylene: the man of the For example, art can refer to the article by Z. Fodor and JP Kennedy, Polymer Bulletin 1992 29 (6) 697-705;
• indene and its derivatives such as, for example, 2-methylindene, 3-methylindene, 4-methylindene, dimethylindene, 2-phenylindene, 3-phenylindene and 4-phenylindene; those skilled in the art will for example be able to refer to the patent document US4946899, by the inventors Kennedy, Puskas, Kaszas and Hager and to the documents JE Puskas, G. Kaszas, JP Kennedy, WG Hager Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry (1992) 30, 41 and JP Kennedy, N. Meguriya, B. Keszler, Macromolecules (1991) 24 (25), 6572-6577;
• Polystyrenes are obtained from styrenic monomers.
• styrene monomer is to be understood in the present description any monomer comprising styrene, unsubstituted as substituted; among the substituted styrenes may be mentioned, for example, methylstyrenes (for example ⁇ -methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene, alpha-methylstyrene, alpha-2-dimethylstyrene, alpha-4-dimethylstyrene or diphenylethylene), para-tert-butylstyrene, chlorostyrenes (e.g., ⁇ -chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,6-dichlorostyrene or 2,4,6-dichlorostyrene).
• bromostyrenes eg, o-bromostyrene, m-bromostyrene, p-bromostyrene, 2,4-dibromostyrene, 2,6-dibromostyrene or 2,4,6-tribromostyrene
• fluorostyrenes eg o-fluorostyrene, m-fluorostyrene, p-fluorostyrene, 2,4-difluorostyrene, 2,6-difluoro styrene or 2,4,6-trifluorostyrene
• the weight content of styrene in the TPE elastomer is between 5% and 50%. Below the minimum indicated, the thermoplastic nature of the elastomer is likely to decrease significantly while above the maximum recommended, the elasticity of the underlayer can be affected. For these reasons, the styrene content is more preferably between 10% and 40%.
• the polymerized monomer as defined above may be copolymerized with at least one other monomer so as to form a thermoplastic block having a Tg (or Tf, if appropriate) as defined. above.
• this other monomer capable of copolymerizing with the polymerized monomer can be chosen from diene monomers, more particularly conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 14 carbon atoms, and vinylaromatic-type monomers having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, as defined in the part relating to the elastomeric block.
• the thermoplastic blocks of the TPE have in total a number-average molecular weight ("Mn") ranging from 5,000 g / mol to 150,000 g / mol, so as to give the TPE good properties. elastomeric and sufficient mechanical strength and compatible with the use of tire underlayer.
• Mn number-average molecular weight
• thermoplastic block may also consist of several thermoplastic blocks as defined above.
• the TPE is a copolymer whose elastomeric portion is saturated, and comprising styrenic blocks and alkylene blocks.
• the alkylene blocks are preferably ethylene, propylene or butylene. More preferably, this TPE elastomer is chosen from the following group, consisting of diblock copolymers, linear or starred triblocks: styrene / ethylene / butylene (SEB), styrene / ethylene / propylene (SEP), styrene / ethylene / ethylene / propylene (SEEP ), styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene (SEBS), styrene / ethylene / propylene / styrene (SEPS), styrene / ethylene / ethylene / propylene / styrene (SEEPS), styrene / isobuty
• the TPE is a copolymer whose elastomer part is unsaturated, and which comprises styrenic blocks and diene blocks, these diene blocks being in particular isoprene or butadiene blocks.
• this TPE elastomer is chosen from the following group, consisting of diblock copolymers, linear or starred triblocks: styrene / butadiene (SB), styrene / isoprene (SI), styrene / butadiene / isoprene (SBI), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), styrene / butadiene / isoprene / styrene (SBIS) and mixtures of these copolymers.
• SB styrene / butadiene
• SI styrene / isoprene
• SI styrene / butadiene / isoprene / styrene
• SI styrene / buta
• the TPE is a linear or star-shaped copolymer whose elastomer part comprises a saturated part and an unsaturated part such as for example styrene / butadiene / butylene (SBB), styrene / butadiene / butylene / styrene (SBBS) ) or a mixture of these copolymers.
• SBB styrene / butadiene / butylene
• SBBS styrene / butadiene / butylene / styrene
• multiblock TPEs mention may be made of copolymers comprising random copolymer blocks of ethylene and propylene / polypropylene, polybutadiene / polyurethane (TPU), polyether / polyester (COPE), polyether / polyamide (PEBA).
• TPU polybutadiene / polyurethane
• COPE polyether / polyester
• PEBA polyether / polyamide
• TPEs exemplified above are mixed together in the underlayer of the retreadable tire according to the invention.
• TPE elastomers As examples of commercially available TPE elastomers, mention may be made of the elastomers of the SEPS, SEEPS or SEBS type sold by Kraton under the name "Kraton G” (eg G1650, G1651, G1654, G1730 products).
• Kraton G eg G1650, G1651, G1654, G1730 products.
• thermoplastic elastomer (s) constitute the majority fraction by weight; they then represent at least 65%, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight of all the elastomers present in the elastomer composition. Also preferably, the TPE elastomer (s) represent (s) at least 95% (in particular 100%) by weight of all the elastomers present in the elastomer composition.
• the total amount of TPE elastomer is in a range from 65 to 100 phr, preferably from 70 to 100 phr and especially from 75 to 100 phr. Also preferably, the composition contains from 95 to 100 phr of TPE elastomer.
• the TPE elastomer or elastomers are preferably the one or only elastomers of the underlayer.
• thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers described above are sufficient on their own for the usable sub-layer of the retreadable tire according to the invention.
• composition of the underlayer of the retreadable tire according to the invention may comprise at least one (that is to say one or more) diene rubber as non-thermoplastic elastomer, this diene rubber may be used alone, or in blending with at least one (i.e. one or more) other non-thermoplastic rubber or elastomer.
• the optional total non-thermoplastic elastomer content is in a range from 0 to 35 phr, preferably from 0 to 30 phr, more preferably from 0 to 25 phr, and more preferably from 0 to 5 phr. .
• the underlayer of the retreadable tire according to the invention does not contain non-thermoplastic elastomer.
• elastomer or “diene” rubber, it is to be understood in a known way (one or more elastomers) are derived from at least a part (ie a homopolymer or a copolymer) of diene monomers (monomers carrying two double bonds). carbon carbon, conjugated or not).
• diene elastomers can be classified in two categories: "essentially unsaturated” or "essentially saturated”.
• essentially unsaturated is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a proportion of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (% by weight). mole).
• conjugated diene monomers having a proportion of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (% by weight). mole).
• highly unsaturated diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
• diene elastomers such as certain butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha olefins EPDM type can be qualified as "substantially saturated" diene elastomers (low or very low diene origin ratio). low, always less than 15%).
• iene elastomer is understood to mean, whatever the category above, which may be used in the compositions of the retreadable tires according to the invention:
• conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5) alkyl-1,3-butadienes, such as for example 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl 1,3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.
• alkyl-1,3-butadienes such as for example 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl 1,3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-he
• Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the "vinyl-toluene" commercial mixture, paratertiobutylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene and vinylnaphthalene.
• the copolymers may contain between 99% and 20% by weight of diene units and between 1% and 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units.
• the elastomers may have any microstructure which is a function of the polymerization conditions used, in particular the presence or absence of a modifying and / or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and / or randomizing agent used.
• the elastomers may for example be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they may be coupled and / or starred or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization.
• alkoxysilane groups such as as described for example in FR 2,765,882 or US 5,977,238), carboxylic groups (as described for example in WO 01/92402 or US 6,815 473, WO 2004/096865 or US 2006/0089445) or else polyether groups (as described for example in EP 1 127 909 or US Pat. No. 6,503,973).
• functionalized elastomers mention may also be made of elastomers (such as SBR, BR, NR or IR) of the epoxidized type.
• the underlayer described above may optionally comprise, in addition to the constituents presented above, one or more thermoplastic polymers based on polyether.
• thermoplastic polymers based on polyether When they are present in the composition, it is preferred that the total content of thermoplastic polymers based on polyether be less than 40 phr, preferably between 2 and 35 phr, more preferably between 5 and 30 phr, and very preferably between 10 and 25 pce.
• These thermoplastic polymers may in particular be polymers of poly (para-phenylene ether) (abbreviated as "EPP").
• thermoplastic polymers PPE are well known to those skilled in the art, they are solid resins at room temperature (20 ° C) compatible with styrenic polymers, which have in particular used to increase the Tg of TPE elastomers whose thermoplastic block is a styrenic block (see for example "Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Analyzes of Poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) / Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Blends", Tucker, Barlow and Paul, Macromolecules, 1988, 21). , 1678-1685).
• Nanometric or reinforcing charge are well known to those skilled in the art, they are solid resins at room temperature (20 ° C) compatible with styrenic polymers, which have in particular used to increase the Tg of TPE elastomers whose thermoplastic block is a styrenic block (see for example "Thermal, Mechanical and Morphological Analyzes of Poly (2,6-d
• thermoplastic elastomer described above is sufficient on its own for the usable sub-layer of the retreadable tire according to the invention, nevertheless a reinforcing filler can be used in the composition.
• a reinforcing filler When a reinforcing filler is used, it is possible to use any type of filler usually used for the manufacture of tires, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, an inorganic filler such as silica, or a cutting of these two types of filler, including a cut of carbon black and silica.
• an inorganic reinforcing filler it is possible for example to use in known manner a coupling agent (or bonding agent) at least bifunctional intended to ensure a sufficient connection, of a chemical and / or physical nature, between the inorganic filler (surface of its particles) and the elastomer, in particular organosilanes or bifunctional polyorganosiloxanes.
• the underlayer described above may furthermore comprise the various additives usually present in the sublayers known to those skilled in the art.
• one or more additives chosen from protective agents such as antioxidants or antiozonants, anti-UV agents, the various agents of implementation or other stabilizers, or the promoters able to promote the adhesion to the rest of the structure will be chosen. of the pneumatic object.
• the underlayer does not contain all these additives at the same time and even more preferably, the underlayer contains none of these agents.
• the composition of the underlayer of the retreadable tire according to the invention may contain a crosslinking system known to those skilled in the art.
• the composition does not contain a crosslinking system.
• the composition of the underlayer of the retreadable tire according to the invention may contain one or more inert micrometric fillers such as lamellar fillers known to those skilled in the art.
• the composition contains no micron charge.
• the composition of the underlayer of the retreadable tire according to the invention may contain a plasticizer, such as an extender oil (or plasticizing oil) or a plasticizing resin whose function is to facilitate the implementation of the underlayer, particularly its integration with the tire by a lowering of the module and an increase in tackifiant power.
• a plasticizer such as an extender oil (or plasticizing oil) or a plasticizing resin whose function is to facilitate the implementation of the underlayer, particularly its integration with the tire by a lowering of the module and an increase in tack evident power.
• the level of plasticizer varies from 0 to 80 phr, more preferably from 0 to 50 phr, more preferably still from 0 to 30 phr, and in particular less than 10 phr, according to the Tg and the module.
• the composition of the underlayer does not contain a plasticizer.
• the composition of the underlayer may also comprise, in a minority weight fraction relative to the block elastomer, thermoplastic polymers other than those based on polyether. It is preferred that the composition does not contain such thermoplastic polymers other than those based on polyether, or when present in the composition, it is preferred that the total content of thermoplastic polymers other than those based on polyether is less than 30. pce, preferably less than 10 phr. Very preferably, the composition is devoid of such thermoplastic polymers other than those based on polyethers, or contains less than 5 phr.
• TPE elastomers can be used in the usual way for
• TPE by extrusion or molding, for example from a raw material available in the form of beads or granules.
• the underlayer for the retreadable tire according to the invention is prepared in the usual way, for example, by incorporating the various components into a twin-screw extruder, so as to carry out the melting of the matrix and an incorporation of all the components. ingredients, then use a die to make the profile.
• This underlayer may be mounted on a tire in the usual manner, said tire comprising in addition to the underlayer necessary for the purposes of the invention, a tread, a crown and a crown reinforcement, and preferably, two flanks and two beads, and a carcass reinforcement anchored to the two beads and extending from one side to the other.
• the underlayer may be preferable for the underlayer to have elastic modulus properties such that the following equation is verified: Indeed, a low elastic modulus variation between 60 ° C and 100 ° C is a good indicator that the underlayer has not softened too much at these temperatures, which is desirable for proper operation of the tire, in particular if it is intended for tires of passenger vehicles or heavy vehicles, which have an operating temperature exceeding 60 ° C.
• the underlayer has elastic modulus properties such that the following equation is verified:
• the underlayer has elastic modulus properties such that the following equation is verified:
• the underlayer has elastic modulus properties such that the following equation is verified:
• the possibility of easy decapping is represented by the difference between the elastic modulus ratio at 200 ° C. and at 60 ° C. of the underlayer and that of the adjacent layers, when the following equation is satisfied with each of the adjacent layers:
• the difference between the elastic modulus ratio at 200 ° C. and at 60 ° C. of the underlayer and that of the adjacent layers is such that the following equation is verified:
• the difference between the elastic modulus ratio at 200 ° C. and at 60 ° C. of the underlayer and that of the adjacent layers is such that the following equation is verified:
• the layers adjacent to the tread sub-layer are typically the tread on the one hand and on the other hand the belt (or crown reinforcement) of the tire.
• the two adjacent layers are on the one hand the upper part of the tread (radially external, subject to decapping) and secondly the lower part (radially internal to the underlayer) of the original tread.
• the two adjacent layers of the underlayer are of the same nature, or of a different nature.
• the adjacent layers may consist of compositions based on diene elastomers, which are well known to those skilled in the art, and such as those defined above as optional elastomers. complementary thermoplastic elastomers of the underlayer.
• Such adjacent layers are described in numerous patents well known to those skilled in the art and generally comprise, in addition to the diene elastomers described above, additives such as those described above for the composition of the sub-compound. layer and especially reinforcing fillers, such as silica and / or carbon black, plasticizers in the form of oil or plasticizing resin, a crosslinking system and other additives well known to those skilled in the art such as as antioxidants.
• the adjacent layers may also consist of compositions based on thermoplastic elastomers or comprising thermoplastic elastomers, and in particular this may be the case of the tread.
• one of the adjacent layers may be a layer consisting of a diene elastomer composition (including the tire belt) while the other adjacent layer may consist of a composition based on thermoplastic elastomer (in particular the tread).
• the possibility of easy decapping is also represented by the difference between the elastic modulus variation between 60 ° C. and 200 ° C. of the underlayer and that of the adjacent layers, when the following equation is verified. with each of the adjacent layers:
• E ' A (T) represents the elastic component of the shear modulus of the underlayer at the temperature T
• E' B (T) represents the elastic component of the shear modulus of the layer adjacent to the underlayer at temperature T.
• the module E '(T) is measured in compression.
• the invention can be defined by replacing the equation comprising the module ratios G 'with the equation above comprising the ratios of modules E'.
• the same embodiments can be envisaged and the preferences indicated above apply mutatis mutandis.
• Rechapable tire underlayer compositions according to the invention were prepared as indicated above.
• Adjacent layer compositions for retreadable tire according to the invention have also been prepared according to the techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• the measurement method of E '(T) is done by means of a METRA VIB 450+ DMA machine equipped with PET compression trays 10003000B.
• the test carried out is a dynamic compression test on a cylindrical sample with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 15 mm.
• the TPE formulation or the raw elastomer mixture chosen is first put into the form of a sheet (eg in press for the TPE, with a roll mixer for the elastomer mixture). We then cut small discs 10mm in diameter by means of a punch. These discs are stacked up to a height of at least 15mm.
• this baking heat treatment for the crosslinkable mixture
• shaping for the non-crosslinkable mixture
• the cylindrical sample obtained is secured to the compression plates by means of a Loctite 406 glue.
• a drop of this glue is first deposited in the center of the lower plate.
• the cylindrical sample is placed on this drop and a second drop is deposited on top of it. Then come down the cross of the Metravib to stick the top plate on the top of the sample, being careful not to crush (force virtually zero).
• a sinusoidal stress is applied to this cylindrical sample at a static deformation rate of 10% and a dynamic deformation rate of 0.1% at 1 Hz.
• the variation is studied. of the module E 'as a function of the temperature for a range varying from 40 ° C to 200 ° C with a rate of variation of 1 ° C / min.
• the measurement method of G '(T) uses a rheology machine RPA 2000LV (oscillating disc rheometer) equipped with the standard viscosity sensor 200 in.lbs (22.6 Nm).
• the RPA machine makes it possible to torsionally urge a sample of material enclosed in a chamber (or enclosure) with biconical walls.
• a sample of material approximately 30 mm in diameter and with a mass of approximately 5 g is deposited in the enclosure of the RPA (a total volume of 8 cm 3 is considered optimal; the quantity is sufficient when a small amount of sample escapes from each side of the enclosure and is visible at the end of the test).
• the material is previously cut from a sheet of this material. In the case where this sheet of material does not have a sufficient thickness, the sections of this sheet of material can be stacked.
• a cooking operation is carried out (in the case of a crosslinkable mixture) or of shaping (in the case of a non-crosslinkable mixture), applying to the sample enclosed in the chamber a temperature of 170 ° C for 17 min with a shear of 2.78% (ie an angle of 0.19 °).
• the sample is perfectly molded in the closed chamber of the RPA, and if necessary, this sample is crosslinked.
• the sample is then cooled to 40 ° C directly in the RPA chamber. It is then possible to start measuring the value of G 'at 5% dynamic shear alternating (an angle of 0.36 °) and 10Hz in a temperature range of 40 to 200 ° C.
• a variation curve of G 'as a function of temperature is obtained on which the G' modulus of the composition can be extracted at 60 ° C., 100 ° C. and 200 ° C.
• undercoat compositions were prepared as indicated above and their G '(T) modules at 60 ° C and 200 ° C were measured.
• the compositions and results are shown in Table 1 below.
• Thermoplastic elastomer having a polyalphamethylstyrene-polybutadiene-poly-alphamethylstyrene block in which the polyalphamethylstyrene blocks represent 11% by weight;
• compositions A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 correspond to underlayer compositions for the purposes of the invention. It is possible to note in these compositions the great economy of means, linked to the use of TPE elastomers in the composition of the underlayer. Indeed, it is noted that the TPE elastomer alone is sufficient, as the only component of the composition of the underlayer, for this sublayer to be used according to the invention.
• compositions of adjacent layers were prepared and their modules G '(T) at 60 ° C and 200 ° C were measured.
• the compositions and results are shown in Table 2 below.
• a tire according to the invention has been manufactured having a composition of type A-2 as underlayer, a composition of type B-1 tread and a type B-3 tire belt composition.
• the underlayer is placed between the belt and the tread.
• the underlay has a thickness of 0.4mm.
• the tire was placed in an oven at 140 ° C. for 15 minutes. At the end of this heating, the tread was very simply removed from the tire structure manually.
• the new tread provided with its underlayer and the pneumatic structure were placed in an oven at 140 ° C for 15 minutes, and the tread was deposited on the tire structure.
• the tire thus retreaded was cooled under slight pressure at room temperature.

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• 2012
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