WO2013146402A1 - 電池セパレータ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電池セパレータ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013146402A1 WO2013146402A1 PCT/JP2013/057610 JP2013057610W WO2013146402A1 WO 2013146402 A1 WO2013146402 A1 WO 2013146402A1 JP 2013057610 W JP2013057610 W JP 2013057610W WO 2013146402 A1 WO2013146402 A1 WO 2013146402A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- porous membrane
- particles
- resin
- battery separator
- polyamideimide resin
- Prior art date
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
- B32B2264/0214—Particles made of materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2264/0228—Vinyl resin particles, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol polymers or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
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- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery separator obtained by laminating a polyamideimide resin and a porous membrane containing inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles on a porous membrane made of polyolefin resin. Further, a battery separator having excellent heat resistance, and further useful as a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery excellent in processability (electrolyte permeability, low curling property) and ion permeability in a battery assembly process, and its It relates to a manufacturing method.
- the porous membrane made of thermoplastic resin is widely used as a material separation material, a permselective material and a separation material.
- a material separation material for example, battery separators for lithium ion secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, polymer batteries, separators for electric double layer capacitors, reverse osmosis filtration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, microfiltration membranes, etc. Filters, moisture permeable waterproof clothing, medical materials, etc.
- a polyethylene porous membrane is suitably used as a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the reason for this is not only the characteristics of excellent electrical insulation, ion permeability by impregnation with electrolyte, excellent resistance to electrolyte and oxidation, but also a temperature of about 120 to 150 ° C. during abnormal temperature rise of the battery. This is because it also has a hole closing effect that cuts off the current and suppresses excessive temperature rise. However, if the temperature continues to rise even after the pores are closed for some reason, a film breakage may occur at a certain temperature due to a decrease in viscosity of the melted polyethylene constituting the film and a contraction of the film.
- the air permeability resistance by the heat-resistant resin layer lamination on the polyolefin-based porous film as the base material there is no material that can satisfy all of the workability such as the rate of increase in electrolyte, electrolyte permeability, and low curl properties.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery in which a heat-resistant nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer containing ceramic powder is laminated on a polyolefin porous membrane.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose battery separators in which a heat-resistant layer containing inorganic particles and polyamideimide is laminated on a polyolefin porous film.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a battery separator obtained by immersing a polyolefin porous film in a dope mainly composed of polyvinylidene fluoride as a heat-resistant resin and inorganic particles.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a battery separator obtained by immersing a polyolefin porous membrane in a dope mainly composed of carboxymethyl cellulose and inorganic particles.
- the ceramic powder and the heat-resistant nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer are in a state of entering and adhering into the pores of the polyethylene porous membrane of the base material, so compared with the case of the polyolefin porous membrane alone.
- the air permeability resistance was greatly increased. Also, the electrolyte penetration was not satisfactory.
- the present invention has excellent heat resistance and processability in the battery assembly process, and the rate of increase in the air resistance is obtained by infiltrating a slight amount of polyamideimide resin, which is a heat resistant resin, into the deep pores of the polyolefin porous membrane. This is a combination of the characteristics that are difficult to achieve with the conventional technology, namely, the suppression of the electrolyte and the improvement of the electrolyte permeability.
- the state of micro-penetration means that the polyamide-imide resin layer (porous membrane B) is peeled off from the polyolefin-based porous membrane (porous membrane A) and then subjected to infrared spectroscopic measurement (transmission method). It means that the absorbance (absT (1720) ) of absorption having a peak in the vicinity of 1,720 cm ⁇ 1 attributed to the resin is in the range of 0.005 or more and 0.030 or less per 10 ⁇ m thickness of the porous membrane A. .
- the term “up to the deep part in the pore” as used herein refers to the polyamidoimide resin as measured by infrared spectroscopy (reflection method) from the polyolefin porous membrane side (the side opposite to the porous membrane B). This means that the absorbance (absR (1720) ) of absorption having a peak near 1,720 cm ⁇ 1 is in the range of 0.001 or more and 0.005 or less.
- the battery separator of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, A separator for a battery in which a porous membrane A made of a polyolefin-based resin is laminated with a porous membrane B containing a polyamide-imide resin and inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles, and the content of the particles is that of the porous membrane B 80% by weight or more and 97% by weight or less, and the average particle size is 1.5 times or more and less than 50 times the average pore size of the porous membrane A, and satisfies the formula 1 and formula 2. .
- the porous film is passed through a humidity control zone having an absolute humidity of 5 g / m 3 or more and an absolute humidity of less than 10 g / m 3 for 3 seconds or more and less than 30 seconds.
- the inorganic particles are preferably at least one selected from silica, titanium dioxide, and alumina.
- the crosslinked polymer particles are preferably at least one selected from crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, and crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles.
- the battery separator of the present invention has a resin component mainly composed of polyamide-imide resin in a minute amount in the pores of the polyolefin-based porous membrane A, and has excellent heat resistance, workability, and low curl.
- the rate of increase in air resistance due to the lamination of heat-resistant resin is extremely small, and the electrolyte has excellent electrolyte permeability, so it is suitable as a separator for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the battery separator of the present invention has a structure in which a porous film A made of a polyolefin resin is laminated with a porous film B containing a polyamideimide resin and inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles. Since the present invention has a specific varnish described later and a highly controlled coating technique, the polyamideimide resin has entered deep into the pores of the porous membrane A made of polyolefin resin. Battery separator has a high electrolyte penetration rate, however, the amount of the polyamideimide resin that has entered the pores of porous membrane A is very small. is there.
- porous membrane A used in the present invention will be described.
- the resin constituting the porous membrane A is a polyolefin resin, and may be a single material or a mixture of two or more different polyolefin resins, for example, a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene, or a copolymer of different olefins. But you can. Particularly preferred are polyethylene and polypropylene. This is because, in addition to basic characteristics such as electrical insulation and ion permeability, the battery has a hole closing effect that cuts off current and suppresses excessive temperature rise when the battery temperature rises abnormally.
- the mass average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyolefin resin is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 15 ⁇ 10 6 , more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5. ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 6 .
- the polyolefin resin preferably contains polyethylene.
- polyethylene examples include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene.
- the polymerization catalyst is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, a Phillips catalyst, and a metallocene catalyst. These polyethylenes may be not only ethylene homopolymers but also copolymers containing small amounts of other ⁇ -olefins.
- ⁇ -olefins other than ethylene include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, (meth) acrylic acid, esters of (meth) acrylic acid, styrene, etc. Is preferred.
- Polyethylene may be a single material, but is preferably a polyethylene mixture composed of two or more types of polyethylene.
- a polyethylene mixture a mixture of two or more types of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes having different Mw, similar high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene and low density polyethylene may be used, or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, A mixture of two or more polyethylenes selected from the group consisting of medium density polyethylene and low density polyethylene may be used.
- the polyethylene mixture Mw of 5 ⁇ 10 5 or more ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and Mw of 1 ⁇ 10 4 or more, the mixture is preferably composed of a polyethylene of less than 5 ⁇ 10 5.
- the Mw of the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 7 , more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 15 ⁇ 10 6 , and 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 6. Is particularly preferred.
- the polyethylene having an Mw of 1 ⁇ 10 4 or more and less than 5 ⁇ 10 5 any of high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene and low density polyethylene can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use high density polyethylene.
- polyethylene with Mw of 1 ⁇ 10 4 or more and less than 5 ⁇ 10 5 two or more types having different Mw may be used, or two or more types having different densities may be used.
- the content of high molecular weight polyethylene in the polyethylene mixture is preferably 1% by weight or more, and preferably 10 to 80% by weight.
- the specific molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of Mw and number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyolefin resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 5 to 300, more preferably 10 to 100. When the Mw / Mn is within this preferred range, the polyolefin solution can be easily extruded, while the strength of the resulting microporous film is excellent. Mw / Mn is used as a measure of the molecular weight distribution. That is, in the case of a single polyolefin, the larger this value, the wider the molecular weight distribution.
- the Mw / Mn of a single polyolefin can be appropriately adjusted by multistage polymerization of polyolefin.
- the Mw / Mn of the polyolefin mixture can be adjusted as appropriate by adjusting the molecular weight and mixing ratio of each component.
- phase structure of the porous membrane A varies depending on the production method. As long as the above various characteristics are satisfied, the phase structure according to the purpose can be freely given by the production method. There are foaming methods, phase separation methods, dissolution recrystallization methods, stretched pore opening methods, powder sintering methods, etc., among these porous membrane production methods. Among these, phase separation is performed in terms of uniform micropores and cost. The method is preferred.
- a polyolefin and a film-forming solvent are melt-kneaded, the obtained molten mixture is extruded from a die, and cooled to form a gel-like molding, and the obtained gel-like molding is obtained.
- examples thereof include a method of obtaining a porous film by stretching a material in at least a uniaxial direction and removing the film-forming solvent.
- the porous film A may be a single layer film or a multilayer film composed of two or more layers having different pore diameters and thermal characteristics.
- a method for producing a multilayer film comprising two or more layers for example, each of the polyolefins constituting the A layer and the B layer is melt-kneaded with a film-forming solvent, and the resulting molten mixture is transferred from each extruder to one die.
- Either a method of supplying and co-extrusing the gel sheets constituting each component, or a method of heat-sealing the gel sheets constituting the respective layers superposed can be produced.
- the coextrusion method is more preferable because it is easy to obtain a high interlayer adhesive strength, and it is easy to form communication holes between layers, so that high permeability is easily maintained and productivity is excellent.
- the porous membrane A needs to have a function of blocking pores when the charge / discharge reaction is abnormal.
- the melting point (softening point) of the constituent resin is preferably 70 to 150 ° C., more preferably 80 to 140 ° C., and most preferably 100 to 130 ° C.
- the battery can be used because the pore blocking function does not appear during normal use.
- the pore blocking function is quickly developed. Therefore, sufficient safety can be secured.
- the film thickness of the porous membrane A is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and less than 50 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the film thickness is more preferably 40 ⁇ m, and most preferably 30 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the film thickness is more preferably 10 ⁇ m, and most preferably 15 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the air permeability resistance (JIS P8117) of the porous membrane A is preferably 500 sec / 100 ccAir, more preferably 400 sec / 100 ccAir, and most preferably 300 sec / 100 ccAir.
- the lower limit of the air resistance is preferably 50 sec / 100 ccAir, more preferably 70 sec / 100 ccAir, and most preferably 100 sec / 100 ccAir.
- the battery has sufficient charge / discharge characteristics of the battery, in particular, ion permeability (charge / discharge operating voltage), battery life (close to the amount of electrolyte retained). On the other hand, sufficient mechanical strength and insulation can be obtained, and there is no possibility of short circuit during charging / discharging.
- the upper limit of the porosity of the porous membrane A is preferably 70%, more preferably 60%, and most preferably 55%.
- the lower limit of the porosity is preferably 30%, more preferably 35%, and most preferably 40%.
- the battery has sufficient charge / discharge characteristics of the battery, in particular, ion permeability (charge / discharge operating voltage), battery life (close to the amount of electrolyte retained). On the other hand, sufficient mechanical strength and insulation can be obtained, and there is no possibility of short circuit during charging / discharging.
- the average pore diameter of the porous membrane A is preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 ⁇ m, because it greatly affects the pore closing rate.
- the average pore diameter of the porous membrane A is within this preferred range, the polyamideimide resin is likely to enter the deep pores of the porous membrane A, and as a result, sufficient electrolyte solution permeability can be obtained.
- the air resistance is not deteriorated, and on the other hand, the response to the temperature of the hole closing phenomenon is sufficiently fast, and the hole closing temperature due to the heating rate does not shift to the high temperature side.
- porous membrane B used in the present invention will be described.
- the porous film B includes a polyamideimide resin and inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles.
- the porous membrane B plays a role of supporting and reinforcing the porous membrane A due to its heat resistance.
- the glass transition temperature of the polyamide-imide resin is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 180 ° C. or higher, most preferably 210 ° C. or higher, and the upper limit is not particularly limited.
- the decomposition temperature may be in the above range.
- the glass transition temperature of the polyamide-imide resin constituting the porous membrane B is within this preferred range, a sufficient heat-resistant membrane breaking temperature can be obtained and high safety can be ensured.
- the reason for using the polyamideimide resin is that the surface energy is larger and the wettability is better than a commonly used electrolytic solution (for example, polycarbonate electrolytic solution).
- the surface energy of the polyamideimide resin is 35 mN / m or more, preferably 40 mN / m or more.
- the surface energy is preferably 35 mN / m or more.
- the polyamide-imide resin is synthesized by an ordinary method such as an acid chloride method using trimellitic acid chloride and diamine or a diisocyanate method using trimellitic anhydride and diisocyanate. The method is preferred.
- Examples of the acid component used for the synthesis of the polyamide-imide resin include trimellitic anhydride (chloride), and a part thereof can be replaced with other polybasic acid or anhydride thereof.
- trimellitic anhydride chloride
- tetracarboxylic acids such as pyromellitic acid, biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid, biphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic acid, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid, biphenyl ether tetracarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol bis trimellitate, propylene glycol bis trimellitate and anhydrides thereof
- Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, adipic acid, malonic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, dicarboxypolybutadiene, dicarboxypoly (acrylonitrile-butadiene), dicarboxypoly
- 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid are preferable from the viewpoint of the resistance to electrolytic solution, and dimer acid and dicarboxypolybutadiene having a molecular weight of 1,000 or more are preferable from the shutdown characteristics.
- dimer acid and dicarboxypolybutadiene having a molecular weight of 1,000 or more are preferable from the shutdown characteristics.
- Dicarboxypoly (acrylonitrile butadiene) and dicarboxypoly (styrene-butadiene) are preferred.
- a urethane group can be introduced into the molecule by replacing part of the trimellitic acid compound with glycol.
- glycols include alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and hexanediol, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol, and one or two of the above dicarboxylic acids.
- examples thereof include polyesters having terminal hydroxyl groups synthesized from the above and one or more of the above-mentioned glycols.
- polyethylene glycol and polyesters having terminal hydroxyl groups are preferred because of shutdown effect.
- these number average molecular weights are preferably 500 or more, and more preferably 1,000 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably less than 8,000.
- diamine (diisocyanate) component used in the synthesis of the polyamideimide resin examples include aliphatic diamines such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, and hexamethylenediamine, and diisocyanates thereof, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 1,3-cyclohexanediamine, and dicyclohexyl.
- Alicyclic diamines such as methanediamine and their diisocyanates, o-tolidine, tolylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4 Examples include aromatic diamines such as ′ -diaminodiphenylsulfone, benzidine, xylylenediamine, and naphthalenediamine, and diisocyanates thereof.
- o-tolidine diisocyanate TODI
- TDI 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate
- TODI o-tolidine diisocyanate having high rigidity is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, and still more preferably, based on the total isocyanate. It is 70 mol% or more.
- the polyamide-imide resin is stirred by heating at 60 to 200 ° C. in a polar solvent such as N, N′-dimethylformamide, N, N′-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone. It can be manufactured easily.
- a polar solvent such as N, N′-dimethylformamide, N, N′-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- amines such as triethylamine and diethylenetriamine
- alkali metal salts such as sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, sodium methoxide, and the like can be used as a catalyst as necessary.
- the logarithmic viscosity of the polyamideimide resin is preferably 0.5 dL / g or more.
- the lower limit of the logarithmic viscosity is preferably 1.8 dL / g or less. If the logarithmic viscosity of the polyamideimide resin is within this preferred range, sufficient meltdown characteristics can be obtained, and the porous film is not brittle, so that the anchor effect is sufficient and the adhesiveness is excellent, while the polyolefin porous film The resin easily enters the deep pores of A, and absR (1720) does not become too small.
- the solvent that can be used for dissolving the polyamideimide resin to form a varnish is not particularly limited as long as it has a resin solubility and an affinity for the polyolefin porous membrane A.
- DMAc N-dimethylacetamide
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- HMPA phosphoric acid hexamethyltriamide
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- ⁇ -butyrolactone chloroform, tetrachloroethane, dichloroethane, 3 -Chloronaphthalene, parachlorophenol, tetralin, acetone, acetonitrile and the like.
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the upper limit of the resin concentration in the solution component when the particle component in the varnish is removed is preferably 3.5% by weight, more preferably 3.0% by weight, and the lower limit is preferably 1.0% by weight, more preferably. Is 1.5% by weight. If the resin concentration in the solution component is within this preferred range, absR (1720) does not become too small, sufficient adhesion is obtained, the amount of varnish applied is moderate, and coating is easy. On the other hand, absT (1720) and absR (1720) do not become too large, the amount of polyamideimide resin penetrating into the pores of the porous membrane A is moderate, and the rate of increase in air resistance of the separator does not increase.
- inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles are present in the porous membrane B in order to reduce curling. Furthermore, the presence of inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles in the porous membrane B prevents the internal short circuit caused by the growth of the dendritic crystals of the electrode inside the battery (dendrite prevention effect), reduces the heat shrinkage rate, Effects such as imparting slipperiness can also be obtained.
- inorganic particles or crosslinked polymer particles may be added to the varnish. The upper limit of the added amount of these particles is preferably 97% by weight, more preferably 95% by weight.
- the lower limit is preferably 80% by weight, more preferably 85% by weight.
- the amount of these particles added is within this preferred range, the curl reduction effect is sufficient, while the ratio of the polyamide-imide resin is appropriate with respect to the total volume of the porous membrane B, and the deep part in the pores of the porous membrane A The resin sufficiently penetrates into the gap, and sufficient adhesion of the porous membrane B is obtained.
- Inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, silica, crystalline glass filler, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide. And mica.
- Alumina, titanium dioxide, and silica are easy to obtain and suitable from the viewpoint of cost.
- crosslinked polymer particles include crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, and crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles.
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter of these particles is 25 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m, and the lower limit is 0.02 ⁇ m, preferably 0.10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the relationship between the average pore size of the porous membrane A and the average particle size of these particles is that the average particle size of the particles is 1.5 times or more and 50 times or less than the average pore size of the polyolefin-based porous membrane A. Preferably they are 1.8 times or more and 20 times or less, More preferably, they are 2.0 times or more and 5 times or less.
- the average particle size of the particles is within this preferable range, the pores of the polyolefin-based porous membrane A are not blocked in a state where the polyamideimide resin and the particles are mixed, and a significant increase in the air resistance is prevented. On the other hand, it is difficult for the particles to fall off in the battery assembling process, and a serious defect of the battery can be effectively prevented.
- a phase separation aid may be used to increase the processing speed.
- the amount of the phase separation aid added is preferably less than 12% by mass, more preferably 6% by mass or less, and even more preferably 5% by mass or less with respect to the solvent component of the varnish.
- the film thickness of the porous membrane B is preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ m, and most preferably 1 to 3 ⁇ m. If the film thickness of the porous film B is within this preferred range, the film breaking strength and insulation can be secured when the porous film A is melted / shrinked at a melting point or higher, while curling is difficult to increase. Is easy to handle.
- the porosity of the porous membrane B is preferably 30 to 90%, more preferably 40 to 70%.
- the electrical resistance of the membrane does not become too high, and a large current can easily flow, while the membrane strength is sufficiently high.
- the air resistance of the porous membrane B is preferably 1 to 600 sec / 100 cc Air as measured by a method based on JIS P8117. More preferably, it is 50 to 500 sec / 100 ccAir, and further preferably 100 to 400 sec / 100 ccAir.
- the air permeability resistance of the porous membrane B is within this preferable range, the membrane strength is strong, while the cycle characteristics are also good.
- the air resistance of the battery separator of the present invention is preferably 50 to 800 sec / 100 ccAir, more preferably 100 to 500 sec / 100 ccAir, and most preferably 100 to 400 sec / 100 ccAir. If the air permeability resistance of the battery separator is within this preferable range, sufficient insulation can be obtained, and there is no possibility of causing clogging of foreign substances, short circuit, and film breakage, while the membrane resistance is not too high and can be used practically. The charge / discharge characteristics and life characteristics are obtained.
- the battery separator manufacturing process of the present invention includes steps (i) and (ii) Step (i): Polyamideimide resin and inorganic particles are included on the porous membrane A made of polyolefin resin, and the particle component is After applying a varnish having a polyamideimide resin concentration in the solution component of 1% by weight or more and 3.5% by weight or less when removed, the absolute humidity is adjusted to 5 g / m 3 or more and less than 10 g / m 3 A step of forming a polyamide-imide resin film on the porous film A by passing the wet zone for 3 seconds or more and less than 30 seconds.
- the porous membrane B is composed of a polyamideimide resin solution dissolved in a solvent immiscible with water and a polyamideimide resin solution and a varnish mainly composed of particles. Laminate using a coating method, and then place it in a specific humidity environment, phase separate the polyamide-imide resin and water-miscible solvent, and throw it into a water bath (coagulation bath) to coagulate the polyamide-imide resin To obtain.
- the porous membrane B As a method of laminating the porous membrane B, once it is applied to a base film (for example, a polypropylene film or a polyester film) and then placed in a specific humidity environment, the polyamide-imide resin component and the solvent component are phase-separated to form a porous film.
- a base film for example, a polypropylene film or a polyester film
- the polyamide-imide resin component and the solvent component are phase-separated to form a porous film.
- absT (1720) and absR (1720) can be within a predetermined range. It is difficult.
- Examples of the method for applying the varnish include a reverse roll coating method, a gravure coating method, a kiss coating method, a roll brush method, a spray coating method, an air knife coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, a pipe doctor method, and a blade coating. Method, die coating method and the like, and these methods can be carried out singly or in combination.
- a zone placed in a specific humidity environment is passed over 3 seconds or more from the coating to the introduction of the coagulation tank.
- a zone hereinafter referred to as a humidity control zone placed in a specific humidity environment is passed over 3 seconds or more from the coating to the introduction of the coagulation tank.
- the upper limit of the passage time is not particularly limited, but 30 seconds is sufficient. During this period, the polyamideimide resin and the solvent are phase separated.
- the zone humidity limit is 10 g / m 3, preferably 9.5 g / m 3, more preferably from 9.0 g / m 3, the lower limit is 5 g / m 3, preferably 6 g / m 3, More preferably, the zone is managed at 7.0 g / m 3 . If the absolute humidity of the humidity control zone is within this preferred range, the polyamideimide resin does not absorb moisture and gelation does not proceed, so that the polyamideimide resin can permeate deep into the pores of the porous membrane A, While absR (1720) does not become too small, the polyamideimide resin and the solvent are sufficiently phase-separated, and a significant increase in the air resistance can be prevented.
- the polyamideimide resin component solidifies in a three-dimensional network.
- the immersion time in the coagulation bath is preferably 3 seconds or more. When the immersion time in the coagulation bath is within this preferable range, the resin component is sufficiently coagulated.
- the upper limit of the immersion time is not limited, but 10 seconds is sufficient.
- the unwashed porous film is immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight of a good solvent for the polyamideimide resin constituting the porous film B.
- a final battery separator can be obtained through a washing step using water and a drying step using hot air of 100 ° C. or lower. According to the above-described method, the resin penetrates thinly into the deep pores of the polyolefin-based porous membrane A, the electrolyte permeability is good, and the rate of increase in air permeability can be reduced.
- the battery separator of the present invention is desirably stored in a dry state, but when it is difficult to store in a completely dry state, it is preferable to perform a vacuum drying treatment at 100 ° C. or lower immediately before use.
- the battery separator of the present invention is a battery separator for secondary batteries such as nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, silver-zinc batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium polymer secondary batteries, etc. Although it can be used, it is particularly preferable to use it as a separator of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Absorbance around 1,720 cm -1 derived from polyamide-imide resin component obtains the value of the absorption peak heights having an absorption maximum in the region of 1,720 ⁇ 15cm -1, porous membrane A The absorbance was converted to a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- the base line was a line connecting the skirts on both sides of the maximum absorption peak. In addition, smoothing was performed when the noise was large. It was confirmed in advance that all blank samples (uncoated porous film A) had no absorption having a maximum in the corresponding region.
- the film thickness of the porous film B was evaluated from the difference between the film thickness of the battery separator and the film thickness of the porous film A.
- (4) Porosity A 10 cm square sample was prepared, its sample volume (cm 3 ) and mass (g) were measured, and the porosity (%) was calculated from the obtained result using the following formula.
- Porosity (1 ⁇ mass / (resin density ⁇ sample volume)) ⁇ 100
- the sample volume (cm 3 ) is determined by 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm ⁇ thickness (cm).
- Adhesion of porous film B peel strength
- An adhesive tape manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd., No. 405; 24 mm width
- peel strength 500 mm / min, T-type peeling.
- the peel strength at the interface between A and the porous membrane B was measured, continuously measured over time between 100 mm from the start of measurement to the end of measurement, and the average value of the measured values was calculated and converted to a width of 25 mm. The peel strength.
- the porous film B may not be completely peeled off at the peeling interface, and the porous film B may remain in the porous film A. In this case as well, the interface between the porous film A and the porous film B may be present.
- the peel strength was calculated.
- (6) Permeability increase rate Gurley Densometer Type B manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd. is used to prevent wrinkles between the separator plate for the battery or the porous membrane A between the clamping plate and the adapter plate. And measured according to JIS P 8117. Arbitrary three places were measured and the average value was made into air permeability resistance. The air permeability resistance of only the porous membrane A of each comparative example and the air resistance of the battery separator were obtained, and the air resistance increase rate was obtained from the following equation.
- Logarithmic Viscosity A solution obtained by dissolving 0.5 g of polyamideimide resin in 100 mL of NMP was measured at 25 ° C. using an Ubbelohde viscosity tube.
- Electrolytic solution permeability White paper (PPC type H (manufactured by Itochu Paper Pulp Co., Ltd.)) was placed on a horizontally placed flat glass plate, and the batteries obtained in the examples and comparative examples were placed thereon. The separators were laminated with the porous membrane B side facing down.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of polyamide-imide resin]
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- TODI o-tolidine diisocyanate
- TDI 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate
- A The obtained polyamideimide resin had a logarithmic viscosity of 1.35 dL / g, a surface energy of 42 mN / m, and a glass transition temperature of 320 ° C.
- polyamideimide resin solution (A) alumina particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were blended in a weight ratio of 16:20:64, respectively, and zirconium oxide beads (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
- the product name “Traceram (registered trademark) beads” (diameter 0.5 mm) was placed in a polypropylene container and dispersed for 6 hours with a paint shaker (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho). Subsequently, it filtered with the filter of 5 micrometers of filtration limits, and prepared the varnish (a).
- the concentration of the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 2.8%
- the water content was 0.2% by weight.
- Varnish (a) was applied to porous membrane A (polyethylene porous film, thickness 16 ⁇ m, porosity 38%, average pore diameter 0.15 ⁇ m, air resistance 280 sec / 100 cc Air) by blade coating, and the temperature was 25 A humidity control zone having a temperature of 9.2 g / m 3 and an absolute humidity of 9.2 g / m 3 was passed for 20 seconds.
- the porous membrane B was formed by immersing in an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for 10 seconds, and further washed with pure water. Finally, it was dried by passing through a hot air drying oven at 70 ° C. to obtain a battery separator having a final thickness of 18.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 19:23:58.
- Example 3 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 12:16:72.
- Example 4 The concentration of the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 2.0%, and the weight ratio of the polyamideimide resin (solid content) to the particles was 10:90.
- Example 4 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alumina particles were replaced with titanium oxide particles (manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., trade name “KR-380”, average particle size 0.38 ⁇ m).
- Example 5 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alumina particles were replaced with spherical silica particles (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., average particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m).
- Example 6 Example 1 was repeated except that the alumina particles were replaced with polymethyl methacrylate-based crosslinked particles (“Eposter” (registered trademark) MA, type 1002, Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., average particle size 2.5 ⁇ m). A battery separator was obtained.
- Eposter registered trademark
- MA polymethyl methacrylate-based crosslinked particles
- Example 7 A four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a condenser tube, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube was charged with 1 mol of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), 0.60 mol of o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate ( MDI) 0.40 mol and potassium fluoride 0.01 mol together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the solid concentration is 20%, and after stirring at 100 ° C. for 5 hours, the solid concentration is 14%. The resulting solution was diluted with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to synthesize a polyamideimide resin solution (B).
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- TODI o-tolidine diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- B polyamideimide resin solution
- the obtained polyamideimide resin had a logarithmic viscosity of 0.85 dL / g, a glass transition temperature of 308 ° C., and a surface energy of 40 mN / m.
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the varnish (b) obtained by replacing the polyamideimide resin solution (A) with the polyamideimide resin solution (B) was used.
- Example 8 Battery separator as in Example 1, except that a porous film made of polyethylene having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, a porosity of 45%, an average pore diameter of 0.17 ⁇ m, and an average air permeability of 240 sec / 100 ccAir was used as the porous membrane A Got.
- Example 9 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 12:38:50.
- Example 10 The concentration of the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 2.7%, and the weight ratio of the polyamideimide resin (solid content) to the particles was 4:96.
- Example 10 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 17:11:72.
- Example 11 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity of the humidity control zone was changed from 9.2 g / m 3 to 5.2 g / m 3 .
- Example 12 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of varnish (a) was adjusted to a final thickness of 19.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 13 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of the varnish (a) was adjusted to a final thickness of 14.5 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 1 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 4: 5: 91.
- Example 2 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was changed to 22:27:51.
- the concentration of the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 4.2%, and the weight ratio of the polyamideimide resin (solid content) to the particles was 10:90.
- Comparative Example 3 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 20:80 and no alumina particles were added.
- the concentration of the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 2.8%.
- Comparative Example 4 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the absolute humidity of the humidity control zone was changed from 9.2 g / m 3 to 18.0 g / m 3 .
- Comparative Example 5 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the alumina particles used in Example 1 were changed to alumina fine powder having an average particle size of 13 nm (Aerosil Aluminum Oxide C: manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.).
- Polyamideimide resin solution (A) was replaced with polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Kureha Corporation, trade name: KF polymer # 1120 (polyvinylidene fluoride 12%, N-methylpyrrolidone solution), polyvinylidene fluoride, alumina particles, N- A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixing ratio of methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 18:20:62.
- the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 2.7%, the weight ratio of the polyamideimide resin (solid content) to the particles was 10:90, and the surface energy of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin was 25 mN / m.
- the varnish (a) used in Example 1 was applied to the corona-treated surface of a polyethylene terephthalate resin film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m by a die coating method, and passed through a humidity control zone having an absolute humidity of 9.2 g / m 3 in 13 seconds. A film containing an imide resin was formed.
- Example 2 Two seconds later, the same porous membrane A as in Example 1 was overlaid on the membrane containing the polyamideimide resin, and immersed in an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone for 10 seconds. Washed with pure water. Thereafter, the film was dried by passing through a hot air drying oven at 70 ° C., and finally the polyethylene terephthalate resin film was peeled off. A battery separator having a final thickness of 18.5 ⁇ m was obtained. (Comparative Example 8) A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending ratio of the polyamideimide resin solution (A), alumina particles, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was 20: 4: 76.
- the concentration of the polyamideimide resin in the solution component was 2.9%, and the weight ratio of the polyamideimide resin (solid content) to the particles was 41:59.
- Table 1 shows the manufacturing conditions of the battery separators of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, and the characteristics of the porous membrane A and the battery separator.
- the battery separator of the present invention has excellent heat resistance and workability (electrolytic solution permeability, low curling property), and has a feature that the increase in air resistance due to the lamination of the heat resistant resin is extremely small. Since it has, it can be used very suitably as a separator for lithium ion secondary batteries.
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Abstract
Description
ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aにポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子または架橋高分子粒子を含む多孔質膜Bが積層された電池用セパレータであって、該粒子の含有量は多孔質膜Bの80重量%以上、97重量%以下、且つ、平均粒径は多孔質膜Aの平均孔径の1.5倍以上、50倍未満であり、式1および式2を満足する電池用セパレータ、である。
absT(1720):多孔質膜Bを多孔質膜Aから剥離した時の赤外線分光測定(透過法)による1,720cm-1付近にピークを有する吸収の多孔質膜Aの厚さ10μm当たりの吸光度
0.001≦absR(1720)≦0.005・・・式2
absR(1720):多孔質膜Aの多孔質膜Bとは反対側の面の赤外線分光測定(反射法)による1,720cm-1付近最大ピークの吸光度
本発明の電池セパレータの製造方法は、以下の構成を有する。すなわち、
以下の工程(i)及び(ii)を含む上記の電池用セパレータの製造方法、である。
工程(i):ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子を含み、且つ粒子成分を除いた時の溶液成分中のポリアミドイミド系樹脂濃度が1重量%以上、3.5重量%以下であるワニスを塗布した後、絶対湿度5g/m3以上、絶対湿度10g/m3未満の調湿ゾーンを3秒以上、30秒未満で通過させて多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂膜を形成する工程。
調湿ゾーンの通過時間がこの好ましい範囲であると、透気抵抗度が大幅な上昇を防ぐことが出来る。通過時間の上限は特に制限はないが30秒間あれば十分である。この間にポリアミドイミド系樹脂と溶剤が相分離する。調湿ゾーンとは絶対湿度の上限が10g/m3、好ましくは9.5g/m3、さらに好ましくは9.0g/m3であり、下限は5g/m3、好ましくは6g/m3、さらに好ましくは7.0g/m3で管理されたゾーンである。調湿ゾーンの絶対湿度がこの好ましい範囲であると、ポリアミドイミド系樹脂が吸湿せずゲル化が進行しないため多孔質膜Aの細孔内深部にまでポリアミドイミド系樹脂を浸透させることができ、absR(1720)が小さくなりすぎない一方、ポリアミドイミド系樹脂と溶剤の相分離が十分行われ、透気抵抗度の大幅な上昇を防ぐことが出来る。
(1)absT(1720)の測定
実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータについて、多孔質膜Aから多孔質膜Bを粘着テープで完全に剥がし取り、試料として供した。作製した試料を下記条件の透過法により赤外吸収スペクトルを得た。ブランク試料として未塗工の多孔質膜Aについても前記と同様にして測定した。ポリアミドイミド系樹脂成分由来の1,720cm-1付近の吸光度(absT(1720))は1,720±15cm-1の領域に吸収極大をもつ吸収ピーク高さの値を求め、多孔質膜Aの膜厚10μm当たりの吸光度に換算した。
〔測定条件〕
装置:フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計FT-720(堀場製作所製)
検出器:DLATGS
分解能:4cm-1
積算回数:100回
(2)absR(1720)の測定
実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータについて、非塗工面側(多孔質膜Aの多孔質膜Bが塗工された面とは反対側の面)を反射法を用いて赤外吸収スペクトルを得た。測定する面以外は前記(1)absT(1720)の測定で用いた装置および測定方法と同様にして赤外吸収スペクトルを得、ポリアミドイミド系樹脂成分由来の1,720cm-1付近の吸光度(absR(1720))は1,720±15cm-1の領域に吸収極大をもつ吸収ピーク高さの値から求めた。
(3)膜厚
多孔質膜A及び電池用セパレータの膜厚は、接触式膜厚計(ソニーマニュファクチュアリングシステムズ(株)製デジタルマイクロメーターM-30)を使用して測定した。多孔質膜Aの膜厚は、電池用セパレータから多孔質膜Bを剥がし取った試料に基づいて評価した。多孔質膜Bの膜厚は、電池用セパレータの膜厚と多孔質膜Aの膜厚の差から評価した。
(4)空孔率
10cm角の試料を用意し、その試料体積(cm3)と質量(g)を測定し、得られた結果から次式を用いて空孔率(%)を計算した。
なお、試料体積(cm3)は、10cm×10cm×厚み(cm)で求める。
(5)多孔質膜Bの密着性(剥離強度)
実施例及び比較例で得られた電池用セパレータの多孔質膜B面に粘着テープ(ニチバン(株)製、405番;24mm幅)を貼り、幅24mm、長さ150mmに裁断し、試験用サンプルを作製した。23℃、50%RH条件下で引張り試験機[(株)エー・アンド・デイ製「テンシロンRTM-100]を用いて、ピール法(剥離速度500mm/分、T型剥離)にて多孔質膜Aと多孔質膜Bとの界面の剥離強度を測定した。測定開始から測定終了までの100mmの間において、経時的に連続的に測定し、測定値の平均値を算出し、巾25mm換算して剥離強度とした。
(6)透気抵抗度上昇率
テスター産業(株)製のガーレー式デンソメーターB型を使用して、電池用セパレータ又は多孔質膜Aをクランピングプレートとアダプタープレートの間にシワが入らないように固定し、JIS P 8117に従って測定した。任意の3カ所を測定しその平均値を透気抵抗度とした。各実施例比較例の多孔質膜Aのみの透気抵抗度および電池用セパレータの透気抵抗度を求め、次式より透気抵抗度上昇率を求めた。
(7)対数粘度
ポリアミドイミド系樹脂0.5gを100mLのNMPに溶解した溶液を25℃でウベローデ粘度管を用いて測定した。
(8)ガラス転移温度
ポリアミドイミド系樹脂溶液、または電池用セパレータを良溶媒に漬けてポリアミドイミド系樹脂のみを溶解させた樹脂溶液を、アプリケーターによってPETフィルム(東洋紡(株)製E5001)あるいはポリプロピレンフィルム(東洋紡(株)製パイレン(登録商標)-OT)に適当なギャップで塗布し、120℃10分間予備乾燥した後に剥離して、適当な大きさの金枠に耐熱粘着テープで固定した状態で、さらに真空下で200℃12時間乾燥し、乾式フィルムを得た。得られた乾式フィルムから幅4mm×長さ21mmの試験片を切り取り、測定長15mmで動的粘弾性測定装置(アイティー計測制御(株)製DVA―220)を用いて、110Hz、昇温速度4℃/分の条件下で室温から450℃までの範囲で貯蔵弾性率(E′)を測定した。この時の貯蔵弾性率(E′)の屈折点において、ガラス転移温度以下のベースラインの延長線と、屈折点以上における最大傾斜を示す接線との交点の温度をガラス転移温度とした。
(9)平均孔径
試験片を測定用セルに上に両面テープを用いて固定し、プラチナまたは金を数分間真空蒸着させ、倍率20,000倍でSEM観察をおこなった。
SEM測定で得られた画像上で任意の20箇所を選択し、それら20箇所の孔径の平均値を試験片の平均孔径とした。
(10)粒子の平均粒径
平均粒径レーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定機(マイクロトラックHRA:リーズ&ノースラップ社製)を用いて、イオン交換水中に粒子のエチレングリコールスラリーを適切な濃度になるまで加え、粒度分布を測定する。粒子の手段の全体積を100%として累積カーブを求めたとき、その累積カーブが50%となる点の粒径を平均粒径(μm)とした。
(11)ポリアミドイミド系樹脂の表面エネルギー
実施例および比較例で用いたポリアミドイミド系樹脂をガラス板上に塗り、乾燥個化させた試料について、接触角計(DM-701、協和界面科学(株)製)を用いて蒸留水と沃化メチレンの接触角を求め、次式より各試料の表面エネルギーを求めた。
ここで、γsd、γshは、それぞれ試料の表面エネルギーの分散成分、極性成分であり下記式より求められる。
γsh=〔5.70×(1+cosθ1)-2.64×(1+cosθ2)〕2
(θ1は蒸留水の接触角、θ2は沃化メチレンの接触角)
(12)電解液浸透性
水平に置かれた平滑なガラス板上に白色紙(PPC タイプH(伊藤忠紙パルプ(株)製))を置き、その上に実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータの多孔質膜Bの面を下にして重ね合わせた。次いで、上から(多孔質膜A側から)ポリカーボネート試薬100μLを液がほぼ円形になるように滴下した。滴下後3秒後に前記白色紙から電池用セパレータを剥がし、白色紙に染みこんだポリカーボネート試薬によるシミの大きさ(長径)を読み取った。この操作を3回繰り返して平均値(BL)を求めた。多孔質膜A単体についても同様に測定した(AL)。BL-ALから電解液浸透性(L)を評価した。値が大きいほど電解液浸透性が優れていることを意味する。
〔判定〕
L≧5mm ・・・・excellent
5mm>L≧3mm ・・・・good
3mm>L≧0mm ・・・・bad
(13)カール性(ソリ)の評価
実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータを幅方向100mm×長手方向300mmの大きさに切り取り、除電ブラシで十分除電した後、多孔質膜Bを上にして水平に置かれたガラス板上に置いた。次いで、幅方向の両端10mmを固定し、長手方向端部の浮き上がり高さを両端部についてそれぞれ測定し、平均値を求めた。
(実施例1)
〔ポリアミドイミド系樹脂の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管の付いた4ッ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o-トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.8モル、2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート(TDI)0.2モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20重量%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14重量%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は1.35dL/g、表面エネルギーは42mN/m、ガラス転移温度は320℃であった。
(実施例2)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)とアルミナ粒子とN-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を19:23:58とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例3)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)とアルミナ粒子とN-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を12:16:72とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例4)
アルミナ粒子を酸化チタン粒子(チタン工業(株)製、商品名「KR-380」、平均粒子径0.38μm)に替えた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例5)
アルミナ粒子を球状シリカ粒子(堺化学工業(株)製、平均粒子径1.0μm)に替えた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例6)
アルミナ粒子をポリメタクリル酸メチル系架橋物粒子(“エポスター”(登録商標)MA、タイプ1002、(株)日本触媒製、平均粒子径2.5μm)に替えた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例7)
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管の付いた4ッ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o-トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.60モル、ジフェニルメタン-4,4′-ジイソシアネート(MDI)0.40モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(B)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は0.85dL/g、ガラス転移温度は308℃であり、表面エネルギーは40mN/mであった。ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)をポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(B)に替えたワニス(b)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例8)
多孔質膜Aとして厚み20μm、空孔率45%、平均孔径0.17μm、平均透気抵抗度240sec/100ccAir、のポリエチレン製多孔質フィルムを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例9)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を12:38:50とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例10)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を17:11:72とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例11)
調湿ゾーンの絶対湿度を9.2g/m3から5.2g/m3に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例12)
ワニス(a)の塗布量を調整し、最終厚み19.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例13)
ワニス(a)の塗布量を調整し、最終厚み14.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例1)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を4:5:91とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例2)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を22:27:51とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例3)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を20:80とし、アルミナ粒子を添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例4)
調湿ゾーンの絶対湿度を9.2g/m3から18.0g/m3に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例5)
実施例1で用いたアルミナ粒子を平均粒径13nmアルミナ微粉末(アエロジルAluminum Oxide C:日本アエロジル(株)製)に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例6)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)をポリフッ化ビニリデン((株)クレハ製、商品名:KFポリマー#1120(ポリフッ化ビニリデン12%、N-メチルピロリドン溶液)に替え、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、アルミナ粒子、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を18:20:62とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例7)
実施例1で用いたワニス(a)を厚み50μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルムのコロナ処理面にダイコート法にて塗布し、絶対湿度9.2g/m3の調湿ゾーンを13秒間で通過させてポリアミドイミド系樹脂を含む膜を形成させた。その2秒後に実施例1と同様の多孔質膜Aを、上記のポリアミドイミド系樹脂を含む膜に重ね、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを5重量%含有する水溶液中に10秒間浸漬し、さらに純水で洗浄した。その後に、70℃の熱風乾燥炉を通過させることで乾燥し、最後にポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルムを剥離除去した。最終厚み18.5μmの電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例8)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンの配合比を20:4:76とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
Claims (4)
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aにポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子または架橋高分子粒子を含む多孔質膜Bが積層された電池用セパレータであって、該粒子の含有量は多孔質膜Bの80重量%以上、97重量%以下、且つ、平均粒径は多孔質膜Aの平均孔径の1.5倍以上、50倍未満であり、式1および式2を満足する電池用セパレータ。
0.005≦absT(1720)≦0.030・・・式1
absT(1720):多孔質膜Bを多孔質膜Aから剥離した時の赤外線分光測定(透過法)による1,720cm-1付近にピークを有する吸収の多孔質膜Aの厚さ10μm当たりの吸光度
0.001≦absR(1720)≦0.005・・・式2
absR(1720):多孔質膜Aの多孔質膜Bとは反対側の面の赤外線分光測定(反射法)による1,720cm-1付近最大ピークの吸光度 - 無機粒子がシリカ、二酸化チタン、アルミナから選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 架橋高分子粒子が架橋ポリスチレン粒子、架橋アクリル系樹脂粒子、架橋メタクリル酸メチル系粒子ら選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 以下の工程(i)及び(ii)を含む請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータの製造方法。
工程(i):ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子または架橋高分子粒子を含み、且つポリアミドイミド系樹脂の溶液成分中の濃度が1重量%以上、3.5重量%以下である塗工液(ワニス)を塗布した後、絶対湿度5g/m3以上、絶対湿度10g/m3未満の調湿ゾーンを3秒以上、30秒未満通過させて多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂膜を形成する工程。
工程(ii):工程(i)で得られたポリアミドイミド系樹脂を含む膜が積層された複合膜を凝固浴に浸漬させてポリアミドイミド系樹脂膜を多孔質膜Bに変換させ、洗浄、乾燥し、電池用セパレータを得る工程。
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EP13767967.6A EP2833438A4 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-03-18 | BATTERY SAVOR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
KR1020147025711A KR102036519B1 (ko) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-03-18 | 전지 세퍼레이터 및 그 제조방법 |
US14/388,015 US20150050542A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-03-18 | Battery separator and method for producing same |
JP2013525064A JP5358774B1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-03-18 | 電池セパレータ及びその製造方法 |
CN201380016862.7A CN104205416B (zh) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-03-18 | 电池隔膜及其制造方法 |
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WO2015137461A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 二次電池用多孔質セパレータおよびそれを用いた二次電池 |
EP3252850A4 (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2018-10-17 | JNC Corporation | Multilayered heat-resistant separator element and method for manufacturing same |
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JP6101726B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 | 2017-03-22 | オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP6905308B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-16 | 2021-07-21 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | アルカリ水電解用隔膜及びその製造方法 |
JP6939569B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-25 | 2021-09-22 | 東レ株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ |
KR20180040334A (ko) | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-20 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
US11424511B2 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2022-08-23 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Electrode assembly and electrochemical device comprising electrode assembly |
TW202044646A (zh) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-12-01 | 美商希爾格得有限公司 | 用於高能量可充電鋰電池之聚醯胺—醯亞胺塗覆分隔件 |
WO2024205057A1 (ko) * | 2023-03-24 | 2024-10-03 | 도레이배터리세퍼레이터필름 한국유한회사 | 폴리올레핀 미세 다공막 |
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CN104205416A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
JPWO2013146402A1 (ja) | 2015-12-10 |
KR102036519B1 (ko) | 2019-10-25 |
US20150050542A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
JP5358774B1 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
CN104205416B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
EP2833438A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2833438A4 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
KR20140144185A (ko) | 2014-12-18 |
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