JPWO2013146402A1 - 電池セパレータ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電池セパレータ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2013146402A1 JPWO2013146402A1 JP2013525064A JP2013525064A JPWO2013146402A1 JP WO2013146402 A1 JPWO2013146402 A1 JP WO2013146402A1 JP 2013525064 A JP2013525064 A JP 2013525064A JP 2013525064 A JP2013525064 A JP 2013525064A JP WO2013146402 A1 JPWO2013146402 A1 JP WO2013146402A1
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- porous membrane
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- resin
- polyamideimide resin
- film
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Abstract
Description
ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aにポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子または架橋高分子粒子を含む多孔質膜Bが積層された電池用セパレータであって、該粒子の含有量は多孔質膜Bの80重量%以上、97重量%以下、且つ、平均粒径は多孔質膜Aの平均孔径の1.5倍以上、50倍未満であり、式1および式2を満足する電池用セパレータ、である。
absT(1720):多孔質膜Bを多孔質膜Aから剥離した時の赤外線分光測定(透過法)による1,720cm−1付近にピークを有する吸収の多孔質膜Aの厚さ10μm当たりの吸光度
0.001≦absR(1720)≦0.005・・・式2
absR(1720):多孔質膜Aの多孔質膜Bとは反対側の面の赤外線分光測定(反射法)による1,720cm−1付近最大ピークの吸光度
本発明の電池セパレータの製造方法は、以下の構成を有する。すなわち、
以下の工程(i)及び(ii)を含む上記の電池用セパレータの製造方法、である。
工程(i):ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子を含み、且つ粒子成分を除いた時の溶液成分中のポリアミドイミド系樹脂濃度が1重量%以上、3.5重量%以下であるワニスを塗布した後、絶対湿度5g/m3以上、絶対湿度10g/m3未満の調湿ゾーンを3秒以上、30秒未満で通過させて多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂膜を形成する工程。
調湿ゾーンの通過時間がこの好ましい範囲であると、透気抵抗度が大幅な上昇を防ぐことが出来る。通過時間の上限は特に制限はないが30秒間あれば十分である。この間にポリアミドイミド系樹脂と溶剤が相分離する。調湿ゾーンとは絶対湿度の上限が10g/m3、好ましくは9.5g/m3、さらに好ましくは9.0g/m3であり、下限は5g/m3、好ましくは6g/m3、さらに好ましくは7.0g/m3で管理されたゾーンである。調湿ゾーンの絶対湿度がこの好ましい範囲であると、ポリアミドイミド系樹脂が吸湿せずゲル化が進行しないため多孔質膜Aの細孔内深部にまでポリアミドイミド系樹脂を浸透させることができ、absR(1720)が小さくなりすぎない一方、ポリアミドイミド系樹脂と溶剤の相分離が十分行われ、透気抵抗度の大幅な上昇を防ぐことが出来る。
(1)absT(1720)の測定
実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータについて、多孔質膜Aから多孔質膜Bを粘着テープで完全に剥がし取り、試料として供した。作製した試料を下記条件の透過法により赤外吸収スペクトルを得た。ブランク試料として未塗工の多孔質膜Aについても前記と同様にして測定した。ポリアミドイミド系樹脂成分由来の1,720cm−1付近の吸光度(absT(1720))は1,720±15cm−1の領域に吸収極大をもつ吸収ピーク高さの値を求め、多孔質膜Aの膜厚10μm当たりの吸光度に換算した。
〔測定条件〕
装置:フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計FT−720(堀場製作所製)
検出器:DLATGS
分解能:4cm−1
積算回数:100回
(2)absR(1720)の測定
実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータについて、非塗工面側(多孔質膜Aの多孔質膜Bが塗工された面とは反対側の面)を反射法を用いて赤外吸収スペクトルを得た。測定する面以外は前記(1)absT(1720)の測定で用いた装置および測定方法と同様にして赤外吸収スペクトルを得、ポリアミドイミド系樹脂成分由来の1,720cm−1付近の吸光度(absR(1720))は1,720±15cm−1の領域に吸収極大をもつ吸収ピーク高さの値から求めた。
(3)膜厚
多孔質膜A及び電池用セパレータの膜厚は、接触式膜厚計(ソニーマニュファクチュアリングシステムズ(株)製デジタルマイクロメーターM−30)を使用して測定した。多孔質膜Aの膜厚は、電池用セパレータから多孔質膜Bを剥がし取った試料に基づいて評価した。多孔質膜Bの膜厚は、電池用セパレータの膜厚と多孔質膜Aの膜厚の差から評価した。
(4)空孔率
10cm角の試料を用意し、その試料体積(cm3)と質量(g)を測定し、得られた結果から次式を用いて空孔率(%)を計算した。
なお、試料体積(cm3)は、10cm×10cm×厚み(cm)で求める。
(5)多孔質膜Bの密着性(剥離強度)
実施例及び比較例で得られた電池用セパレータの多孔質膜B面に粘着テープ(ニチバン(株)製、405番;24mm幅)を貼り、幅24mm、長さ150mmに裁断し、試験用サンプルを作製した。23℃、50%RH条件下で引張り試験機[(株)エー・アンド・デイ製「テンシロンRTM−100]を用いて、ピール法(剥離速度500mm/分、T型剥離)にて多孔質膜Aと多孔質膜Bとの界面の剥離強度を測定した。測定開始から測定終了までの100mmの間において、経時的に連続的に測定し、測定値の平均値を算出し、巾25mm換算して剥離強度とした。
(6)透気抵抗度上昇率
テスター産業(株)製のガーレー式デンソメーターB型を使用して、電池用セパレータ又は多孔質膜Aをクランピングプレートとアダプタープレートの間にシワが入らないように固定し、JIS P 8117に従って測定した。任意の3カ所を測定しその平均値を透気抵抗度とした。各実施例比較例の多孔質膜Aのみの透気抵抗度および電池用セパレータの透気抵抗度を求め、次式より透気抵抗度上昇率を求めた。
(7)対数粘度
ポリアミドイミド系樹脂0.5gを100mLのNMPに溶解した溶液を25℃でウベローデ粘度管を用いて測定した。
(8)ガラス転移温度
ポリアミドイミド系樹脂溶液、または電池用セパレータを良溶媒に漬けてポリアミドイミド系樹脂のみを溶解させた樹脂溶液を、アプリケーターによってPETフィルム(東洋紡(株)製E5001)あるいはポリプロピレンフィルム(東洋紡(株)製パイレン(登録商標)−OT)に適当なギャップで塗布し、120℃10分間予備乾燥した後に剥離して、適当な大きさの金枠に耐熱粘着テープで固定した状態で、さらに真空下で200℃12時間乾燥し、乾式フィルムを得た。得られた乾式フィルムから幅4mm×長さ21mmの試験片を切り取り、測定長15mmで動的粘弾性測定装置(アイティー計測制御(株)製DVA―220)を用いて、110Hz、昇温速度4℃/分の条件下で室温から450℃までの範囲で貯蔵弾性率(E′)を測定した。この時の貯蔵弾性率(E′)の屈折点において、ガラス転移温度以下のベースラインの延長線と、屈折点以上における最大傾斜を示す接線との交点の温度をガラス転移温度とした。
(9)平均孔径
試験片を測定用セルに上に両面テープを用いて固定し、プラチナまたは金を数分間真空蒸着させ、倍率20,000倍でSEM観察をおこなった。
SEM測定で得られた画像上で任意の20箇所を選択し、それら20箇所の孔径の平均値を試験片の平均孔径とした。
(10)粒子の平均粒径
平均粒径レーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定機(マイクロトラックHRA:リーズ&ノースラップ社製)を用いて、イオン交換水中に粒子のエチレングリコールスラリーを適切な濃度になるまで加え、粒度分布を測定する。粒子の手段の全体積を100%として累積カーブを求めたとき、その累積カーブが50%となる点の粒径を平均粒径(μm)とした。
(11)ポリアミドイミド系樹脂の表面エネルギー
実施例および比較例で用いたポリアミドイミド系樹脂をガラス板上に塗り、乾燥個化させた試料について、接触角計(DM−701、協和界面科学(株)製)を用いて蒸留水と沃化メチレンの接触角を求め、次式より各試料の表面エネルギーを求めた。
ここで、γsd、γshは、それぞれ試料の表面エネルギーの分散成分、極性成分であり下記式より求められる。
γsh=〔5.70×(1+cosθ1)−2.64×(1+cosθ2)〕2
(θ1は蒸留水の接触角、θ2は沃化メチレンの接触角)
(12)電解液浸透性
水平に置かれた平滑なガラス板上に白色紙(PPC タイプH(伊藤忠紙パルプ(株)製))を置き、その上に実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータの多孔質膜Bの面を下にして重ね合わせた。次いで、上から(多孔質膜A側から)ポリカーボネート試薬100μLを液がほぼ円形になるように滴下した。滴下後3秒後に前記白色紙から電池用セパレータを剥がし、白色紙に染みこんだポリカーボネート試薬によるシミの大きさ(長径)を読み取った。この操作を3回繰り返して平均値(BL)を求めた。多孔質膜A単体についても同様に測定した(AL)。BL−ALから電解液浸透性(L)を評価した。値が大きいほど電解液浸透性が優れていることを意味する。
〔判定〕
L≧5mm ・・・・excellent
5mm>L≧3mm ・・・・good
3mm>L≧0mm ・・・・bad
(13)カール性(ソリ)の評価
実施例および比較例で得られた電池用セパレータを幅方向100mm×長手方向300mmの大きさに切り取り、除電ブラシで十分除電した後、多孔質膜Bを上にして水平に置かれたガラス板上に置いた。次いで、幅方向の両端10mmを固定し、長手方向端部の浮き上がり高さを両端部についてそれぞれ測定し、平均値を求めた。
(実施例1)
〔ポリアミドイミド系樹脂の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管の付いた4ッ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o−トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.8モル、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート(TDI)0.2モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20重量%となるようにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14重量%となるようにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は1.35dL/g、表面エネルギーは42mN/m、ガラス転移温度は320℃であった。
(実施例2)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)とアルミナ粒子とN−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を19:23:58とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例3)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)とアルミナ粒子とN−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を12:16:72とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例4)
アルミナ粒子を酸化チタン粒子(チタン工業(株)製、商品名「KR−380」、平均粒子径0.38μm)に替えた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例5)
アルミナ粒子を球状シリカ粒子(堺化学工業(株)製、平均粒子径1.0μm)に替えた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例6)
アルミナ粒子をポリメタクリル酸メチル系架橋物粒子(“エポスター”(登録商標)MA、タイプ1002、(株)日本触媒製、平均粒子径2.5μm)に替えた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例7)
温度計、冷却管、窒素ガス導入管の付いた4ッ口フラスコにトリメリット酸無水物(TMA)1モル、o−トリジンジイソシアネート(TODI)0.60モル、ジフェニルメタン−4,4′−ジイソシアネート(MDI)0.40モル、フッ化カリウム0.01モルを固形分濃度が20%となるようにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンと共に仕込み、100℃で5時間攪拌した後、固形分濃度が14%となるようにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンで希釈してポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(B)を合成した。得られたポリアミドイミド樹脂の対数粘度は0.85dL/g、ガラス転移温度は308℃であり、表面エネルギーは40mN/mであった。ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)をポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(B)に替えたワニス(b)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例8)
多孔質膜Aとして厚み20μm、空孔率45%、平均孔径0.17μm、平均透気抵抗度240sec/100ccAir、のポリエチレン製多孔質フィルムを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例9)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を12:38:50とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例10)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を17:11:72とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例11)
調湿ゾーンの絶対湿度を9.2g/m3から5.2g/m3に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例12)
ワニス(a)の塗布量を調整し、最終厚み19.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(実施例13)
ワニス(a)の塗布量を調整し、最終厚み14.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例1)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を4:5:91とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例2)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を22:27:51とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例3)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を20:80とし、アルミナ粒子を添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例4)
調湿ゾーンの絶対湿度を9.2g/m3から18.0g/m3に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例5)
実施例1で用いたアルミナ粒子を平均粒径13nmアルミナ微粉末(アエロジルAluminum Oxide C:日本アエロジル(株)製)に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例6)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)をポリフッ化ビニリデン((株)クレハ製、商品名:KFポリマー#1120(ポリフッ化ビニリデン12%、N−メチルピロリドン溶液)に替え、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、アルミナ粒子、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を18:20:62とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例7)
実施例1で用いたワニス(a)を厚み50μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルムのコロナ処理面にダイコート法にて塗布し、絶対湿度9.2g/m3の調湿ゾーンを13秒間で通過させてポリアミドイミド系樹脂を含む膜を形成させた。その2秒後に実施例1と同様の多孔質膜Aを、上記のポリアミドイミド系樹脂を含む膜に重ね、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンを5重量%含有する水溶液中に10秒間浸漬し、さらに純水で洗浄した。その後に、70℃の熱風乾燥炉を通過させることで乾燥し、最後にポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂フィルムを剥離除去した。最終厚み18.5μmの電池用セパレータを得た。
(比較例8)
ポリアミドイミド樹脂溶液(A)、アルミナ粒子、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンの配合比を20:4:76とした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
Claims (4)
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜Aにポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子または架橋高分子粒子を含む多孔質膜Bが積層された電池用セパレータであって、該粒子の含有量は多孔質膜Bの80重量%以上、97重量%以下、且つ、平均粒径は多孔質膜Aの平均孔径の1.5倍以上、50倍未満であり、式1および式2を満足する電池用セパレータ。
0.005≦absT(1720)≦0.030・・・式1
absT(1720):多孔質膜Bを多孔質膜Aから剥離した時の赤外線分光測定(透過法)による1,720cm−1付近にピークを有する吸収の多孔質膜Aの厚さ10μm当たりの吸光度
0.001≦absR(1720)≦0.005・・・式2
absR(1720):多孔質膜Aの多孔質膜Bとは反対側の面の赤外線分光測定(反射法)による1,720cm−1付近最大ピークの吸光度 - 無機粒子がシリカ、二酸化チタン、アルミナから選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 架橋高分子粒子が架橋ポリスチレン粒子、架橋アクリル系樹脂粒子、架橋メタクリル酸メチル系粒子ら選ばれる少なくとも一種である請求項1記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 以下の工程(i)及び(ii)を含む請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電池用セパレータの製造方法。
工程(i):ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂と無機粒子または架橋高分子粒子を含み、且つポリアミドイミド系樹脂の溶液成分中の濃度が1重量%以上、3.5重量%以下である塗工液(ワニス)を塗布した後、絶対湿度5g/m3以上、絶対湿度10g/m3未満の調湿ゾーンを3秒以上、30秒未満通過させて多孔質膜A上にポリアミドイミド系樹脂膜を形成する工程。
工程(ii):工程(i)で得られたポリアミドイミド系樹脂を含む膜が積層された複合膜を凝固浴に浸漬させてポリアミドイミド系樹脂膜を多孔質膜Bに変換させ、洗浄、乾燥し、電池用セパレータを得る工程。
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JP6435886B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2018-12-12 | Jnc株式会社 | 多層耐熱セパレータ材およびその製造方法 |
JP6101726B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 | 2017-03-22 | オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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TW202044646A (zh) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-12-01 | 美商希爾格得有限公司 | 用於高能量可充電鋰電池之聚醯胺—醯亞胺塗覆分隔件 |
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CN104205416B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
US20150050542A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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