WO2013143500A1 - 一种银基电接触材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种银基电接触材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2013143500A1
WO2013143500A1 PCT/CN2013/073513 CN2013073513W WO2013143500A1 WO 2013143500 A1 WO2013143500 A1 WO 2013143500A1 CN 2013073513 W CN2013073513 W CN 2013073513W WO 2013143500 A1 WO2013143500 A1 WO 2013143500A1
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Prior art keywords
silver
carbonaceous
electrical contact
carbonaceous mesophase
contact material
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PCT/CN2013/073513
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘楠
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施耐德电器工业公司
赵斌元
赖奕坚
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Application filed by 施耐德电器工业公司, 赵斌元, 赖奕坚 filed Critical 施耐德电器工业公司
Priority to US14/389,444 priority Critical patent/US9437342B2/en
Priority to EP13768524.4A priority patent/EP2826874B1/en
Publication of WO2013143500A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143500A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/25—Diamond
    • C01B32/26—Preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
    • B22F2304/056—Particle size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
    • B22F2304/058—Particle size above 300 nm up to 1 micrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/036—Application nanoparticles, e.g. nanotubes, integrated in switch components, e.g. contacts, the switch itself being clearly of a different scale, e.g. greater than nanoscale

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a novel silver-based electrical contact material preparation method. Background technique
  • Electrical contact materials also known as electrical contact materials or contacts or joints, are important components in instrumentation such as high and low voltage electrical switches. They are responsible for the switching between circuits and the current in the corresponding circuit.
  • powder metallurgy or high-energy ball-milling dispersion is usually used to achieve uniform mixing of silver powder and graphite powder, and then isostatic pressing of the mixed powder. Sintering, extrusion, slicing, etc., to obtain the desired contact material.
  • the traditional methods of powder metallurgy and high-energy ball-milling can only achieve uniform mixing on the micro-scale, and often lead to uneven mixing, accompanied by powder agglomeration and other factors, these factors seriously affect The properties of materials obtained by sintering powders in terms of mechanical physics and electrical properties.
  • the powder metallurgy or high-energy ball milling process may cause the ball-grinding medium to contaminate the electrical contact material due to the long processing time.
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a silver-based electrical contact material, comprising the following steps:
  • the silver source is a silver powder (chemical silver powder) prepared by a chemical method.
  • a silver powder chemical silver powder prepared by a chemical method.
  • uniform coating of carbonaceous to silver is achieved, and silver is uniformly dispersed on a nanometer scale, and diamond is generated in situ in the material after sintering.
  • the electrical contact material thus processed exhibits excellent mechanical wear resistance and electrical properties.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the basic process route of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3(a) to (f) are SEM photographs of the dispersion of carbonaceous material in silver-carbon composite powder, wherein Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) are composite powders impregnated with a 1% carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • Figure 3(c) and 3(d) are composite powders impregnated with a 0.1% carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • Figures 3(e) and 3(f) are impregnated with a 0.01% carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • Figure 4 TEM image of a heat treated (sintered) 4 « complex showing nanoscale dispersion of carbonaceous in silver.
  • Fig. 6(a) to (d) are Raman spectra of a silver-carbon composite, wherein Fig. 6(a) shows a silver-carbon composite powder sample prepared without using a catalyst, and Figs. 6(b) and 6(c). And 6(d) show the use of cobalt, detailed description
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing a silver-based electrical contact material, comprising the steps of:
  • Carbonaceous mesophase solution Carbonaceous matter. This carbonaceous mesophase solution is prepared by dissolving a carbonaceous mesophase in a suitable solvent.
  • carbonaceous mesophase generally refers to a nematic liquid crystal material formed by a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon material during heat treatment.
  • One of the important features of the carbonaceous mesophase is optical anisotropy.
  • the carbonaceous mesophase is a good precursor for the preparation of high performance carbon materials.
  • the carbonaceous mesophase includes, for example, mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (asphalt-based carbon fiber mesophase) and mesophase carbon fiber microspheres (carbon fiber microsphere mesophase). They are mainly based on coal tar pitch or petroleum tar pitch.
  • Biomass-derived carbonaceous mesophases have advantages due to the accessibility of biomass resources and their reproducibility, cleanliness and low cost.
  • the carbonaceous intermediate phase there is no particular limitation on the carbonaceous intermediate phase to be used.
  • a biomass-derived carbonaceous mesophase for environmental protection and production cost.
  • the carbonaceous mesophase solution used in the present invention is obtained by dissolving the above carbonaceous mesophase in a suitable solvent.
  • the concentration of the carbonaceous mesophase solution is from 0.005 to 6% by weight.
  • the concentration of the carbonaceous mesophase solution may be from 0.005 to 5% by weight, such as from 0.01 to 4% by weight, from 0.5 to 4% by weight.
  • the liquid concentration regulates the carbonaceous content of the silver-based electrical contact material.
  • One skilled in the art can adjust the concentration of the carbonaceous mesophase solution as needed.
  • the solvent for dissolving the carbonaceous mesophase to form a solution of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a solution of a desired concentration can be formed and is easily removed at a later stage. Preference is given to using environmentally friendly solvents, including alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and the like, in particular ethanol.
  • the silver source used in the preparation of the electrical contact material is preferably silver powder (or silver particles).
  • silver powder having a particle size within a certain range is used as a silver source.
  • the types of silver sources used have not been studied in the prior art.
  • chemical silver powder is particularly used as a silver source for preparing a silver-based electrical contact material.
  • chemical silver powder refers to a silver powder prepared by a chemical method such as a solution chemical method. Specifically, it refers to a (single) silver powder prepared by reducing a precursor of silver (silver salt) in a solution. Common chemical methods include silver ammonium reduction and the like.
  • the chemical silver powder used may have a particle diameter ranging from 100 nm to 100 ⁇ , such as from 1 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ .
  • the chemical silver powder used in the present invention is commercially available.
  • the mixing of the silver source with the carbonaceous mesophase solution can be accomplished by adding silver powder, particularly chemical silver powder, preferably completely submerged in the carbonaceous mesophase solution. After the silver source is added to the carbonaceous mesophase solution, it is thoroughly stirred to obtain a solid-liquid mixture of the silver powder and the carbonaceous mesophase solution, which contains uniformly dispersed silver powder.
  • the carbonaceous mesophase is required to be sufficiently immersed in the silver powder.
  • the silver powder is kept immersed in the solution of the carbonaceous mesophase for a certain period of time, promoting uniform dispersion between the silver powder and the carbonaceous intermediate phase, binding (coating) of the silver powder and the carbonaceous mesophase, and improving the contact of the carbonaceous material with respect to the silver powder. (or wettability). Adjust the concentration of the carbonaceous mesophase solution as needed to change the distribution (coating) of the carbonaceous mesophase in the silver powder.
  • the amount of carbonaceous coating is increased by using chemical silver powder.
  • the coating amount of carbonaceous to silver is, when the concentration of the carbonaceous intermediate phase is 0.01% to 1% by weight, for example, 0.01% by weight to 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.04% by weight to 1.3% by weight. More specifically, it varies from 0.05% by weight to 1.2% by weight (based on the total weight of silver carbon).
  • the amount of carbonaceous silver coated in the composite is, when the concentration of the carbonaceous intermediate phase is 0.01% to 1% by weight, for example, 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight, especially It varies from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight, more particularly from 0.02 to 0.3% by weight (based on the total weight of the silver carbon).
  • the solvent in the solid-liquid mixture is removed.
  • the method of the present invention is not particularly limited to the method of removing the solvent from the above-mentioned solid-liquid mixture. Solvent removal methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as drying, rotary evaporation, nitrogen purge, and the like, can be used. Thus, a solid in which the carbonaceous mesophase uniformly coated the silver powder was obtained.
  • the coating of the carbonaceous intermediate relative to the silver powder obtained by the process of the present invention is controllable by adjusting the concentration of the carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • the solid obtained by removing the solvent is subjected to heat treatment to obtain a silver-based electrical contact material.
  • This heat treatment step is preferably carried out in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.
  • the atmosphere may be a pure hydrogen atmosphere, or a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen (e.g., ammonia decomposing gas), a mixed gas of hydrogen and ammonia, and the like.
  • the heat treatment step is preferably sintering.
  • the heat treatment such as sintering, may be carried out at a temperature of from 600 ° C to 950 ° C, for example, preferably from about 650 ° C to 800 ° C.
  • the duration of the heat treatment there is no particular limitation on the duration of the heat treatment.
  • an excessively long heat treatment time may result in an excessive cost; if the heat treatment time is too short, for example, less than 0.5 hours, sintering may not be sufficiently performed. Therefore, the heat treatment time is usually from 1 to 10 hours, and for example, it may be from 2 to 9 hours, from 3 to 8 hours, or from 1 to 3 hours, from 6 to 10 hours, and the like. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above numerical values can be recombined into new numerical ranges.
  • the heat is in the atmosphere of pure hydrogen at 600 ° C to 950 ° C. Handle for 1 to 10 hours.
  • heat treatment such as sintering, is carried out in an atmosphere comprising ammonia and hydrogen.
  • silver is a continuous phase
  • carbonaceous is dispersed as a (micro) nanoscale dispersed phase in the silver continuous phase.
  • the carbonaceous material in addition to the carbonaceous material in the form of graphite, the carbonaceous material is in situ, and a carbonaceous form in a diamond form is preferably produced in a controlled manner.
  • the content of the dispersed carbonaceous (carbonaceous dispersed phase) may be adjusted as needed, preferably the content is 0.02 to 5% by weight based on the carbon The total weight of the dispersed phase.
  • the carbonaceous form of the diamond form is from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight throughout the carbonaceous dispersed phase.
  • carbonaceous in the form of diamond can be generated in situ after sintering.
  • the use of a catalyst is advantageous for promoting the in situ formation of a carbonaceous stable carbon form.
  • a catalyst in particular an iron salt, a cobalt salt or a nickel salt, preferably an iron salt such as ferric nitrate or ferric chloride.
  • the catalyst may be a salt capable of providing a metal ion such as iron ion, cobalt ion or nickel ion, preferably a salt which provides iron ions. It is preferred to use an iron salt, a cobalt salt or a nickel salt which is soluble in the carbonaceous mesophase solution, i.e., a soluble iron salt, a cobalt salt or a nickel salt.
  • the catalyst is complexed with a carbonaceous mesophase and a silver source to catalyze the reaction.
  • the iron salt is iron nitrate, iron chloride or iron sulfate
  • the cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride or cobalt sulfate
  • the nickel salt is nickel nitrate, nickel chloride or nickel sulfate.
  • the catalyst may be added in the step of providing a carbonaceous mesophase solution, or may be added in the step of mixing the silver source with the carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • a salt providing a metal ion is added to the carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • the catalyst is added only during mixing of a silver source such as a chemical silver powder with a carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • the salt may be added in various forms, for example, in the form of a solid salt (i.e., without a solvent), or in the form of a solution (i.e., dissolved in a solvent) as long as the desired final concentration can be achieved.
  • a solution i.e., dissolved in a solvent
  • the catalyst may be removed in accordance with conventional techniques in a subsequent step as needed, or may be retained in the product.
  • the catalyst is a soluble salt of iron, cobalt or nickel ions.
  • the catalyst is a salt of iron ions, especially a soluble salt such as ferric nitrate, ferric chloride.
  • the catalyst may or may not be added. In an advantageous embodiment, the above catalyst is added.
  • the present invention also provides a silver-based electrical contact material in which silver is the continuous phase and the carbonaceous material is dispersed as a dispersed phase in the continuous silver phase.
  • the content of the carbonaceous dispersed phase is 0.02 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the silver-based electrical contact material.
  • the carbonaceous material is dispersed in the silver continuous phase in a (micro) nanometer order.
  • the carbonaceous (micro) nanoscale dispersion means that 50% by weight or more of carbonaceous material is nanoscale, preferably 60% by weight or more of carbonaceous is nanoscale, more preferably 70% by weight or more of carbonaceous is nanoscale, and The nanoscale is in the range of 1-1000 nm.
  • the carbonaceous dispersed phase of the silver-based electrical contact material contains both carbonaceous in the form of graphite and carbonaceous in the form of diamond.
  • the carbonaceous carbonaceous material is formed in situ by heat treatment (e.g., sintering) of the carbonaceous mesophase.
  • the diamond form is present in the carbonaceous phase in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the carbonaceous phase.
  • the material can be extruded, drawn, formed, and the like as needed.
  • Those skilled in the art can also select other conventional technical means to process the sintered body according to the needs of the specific application.
  • the electrical contact material produced can be connected to the contact wall for the dynamic and static contacts in the circuit breaker or the contactor, and is electrically and disconnected, and is loaded in the corresponding circuit.
  • Current can be connected to the contact wall for the dynamic and static contacts in the circuit breaker or the contactor, and is electrically and disconnected, and is loaded in the corresponding circuit.
  • the invention is further explained and illustrated by the following examples, but it should be understood that the invention is not to be construed as limited by In this document, all numerical points, ranges, and percentages refer to the basis of weight unless otherwise specified.
  • the carbonaceous mesophase can be obtained according to known methods.
  • the biomass-derived carbonaceous mesophase powder used in the present invention was obtained from Shandong Qufu Tianbojing Carbon Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the carbonaceous mesophase solution is formulated as follows:
  • the biomass-derived carbonaceous mesophase powder was placed in ethanol, stirred and dissolved, and allowed to stand to obtain a carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • the concentration of the solution was determined by drying, and an appropriate amount of solvent was added for dilution according to the measurement result to obtain a carbonaceous mesophase solution having a concentration of 4%.
  • a proper amount of solvent is added and added, and after thorough stirring, a series of carbonaceous mesophase ethanol solutions are obtained.
  • the carbonaceous mesophases have concentrations of 0.4%, 0.04%, and 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01%, respectively. 0 / 0 ), used in subsequent steps.
  • the method according to the invention uses chemical silver powder.
  • the atomized silver powder was used in the comparative example, that is, the ultrafine silver powder formed by the high-speed gas stream or the liquid stream being dispersed and cooled in a molten state.
  • the chemical silver powder is supplied by Wenzhou Hongfeng Alloy Co., Ltd. and has a size of at least two dimensions of less than 50 microns.
  • Example 2 Preparation of a solid-liquid mixture
  • the chemical silver powder and the atomized silver powder were separately immersed in different concentrations of the carbonaceous mesophase ethanol solution prepared in Example 1, and after thorough mixing, the ethanol was evaporated to obtain a silver-carbon composite in which the carbonaceous material was used.
  • concentration of the mesophase solution is as shown in Table 1.
  • the coating amount (in % by weight) of carbonaceous silver obtained by impregnating atomized silver powder and chemical silver powder with different concentrations of carbonaceous mesophase solution was qualitatively analyzed by EDX. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1: Comparison of the impregnation amount of atomized silver powder and chemical silver powder by qualitative analysis of carbonaceous mesophase solution by EDX
  • FIGS. 2(a) and (c) are topographical views of the 4 « complex prepared from atomized silver powder at 1000x and 2000x magnification
  • Figs. (b) and (d) are silver carbon prepared from chemical silver powder.
  • the topography of the composite at 10,000 times and 40,000 times magnification.
  • Example 2 shows that the method of using the chemical silver powder to make a carbon-electric contact material according to the present invention is superior to the conventional method of using atomized silver powder. It is known that the use of atomized silver powder generally achieves a micron-scale dispersion of silver-carbon, and agglomeration often occurs, thus the final properties (such as mechanical physical properties and electrical properties) of the electrical contact material prepared by sintering. It has a negative impact. Under the condition of using chemical silver powder, the nano-scale dispersion of carbonaceous material can be realized, which effectively reduces the occurrence of agglomeration, which is obviously beneficial to the final performance of the electrical contact material.
  • Example 3
  • the silver-carbon composite powder is prepared in the following manner: Surface-coated carbonaceous mesophases are prepared using different concentrations (1% by weight, 0.1% by weight, and 0.01% by weight) of the carbonaceous mesophase solution.
  • the chemical silver powder was placed in a crucible, sintered at 750 ° C under a hydrogen atmosphere, and kept for 1 hour, and cooled with a furnace to obtain a silver-carbon composite powder.
  • the carbon content in the composite powder obtained by the above heat treatment (sintering) is shown in the last row of Table 2.
  • the table shows that for a carbonaceous mesophase solution having a concentration of 0.01% to 1%, a carbon content in the range of about 0.02 to 0.23 wt% can be achieved in the sintered silver-carbon composite powder. Can be based on the number
  • FIG. 3 shows the case where the carbonaceous material in the above 4* composite powder was observed by SEM at different magnifications. As shown, no significant two-phase separation was observed for each of the composite powders prepared using different carbonaceous mesophase concentrations.
  • the TEM image of Figure 4 shows a sintered 4 « composite in which the white portion is carbon and the black portion is silver. As can be seen from the figure, most of the carbon has a particle size in the nanometer range, and the nanoscale dispersed carbonaceous material does not agglomerate.
  • Figure 5 shows the distribution of carbon in the 4 « composite powder prepared by 0.1% carbonaceous mesophase solution by EDX analysis. As shown, the carbon contents at different positions of the sample were very close, being 1.86% by weight and 2.30% by weight, respectively, indicating that the distribution of carbonaceous material in the silver-carbon composite powder was substantially uniform.
  • Example 4
  • the preparation process was substantially the same as that described in Example 3 except that the carbonaceous mesophase solution used was a carbonaceous mesophase solution to which a catalyst was added.
  • the concentration of the catalyst is such that the concentration of the metal element in ethanol is 1%.
  • the morphology of the carbonaceous material in each of the 4 « complexes prepared by the methods of Examples 3 and 4 was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The resulting spectral results are shown in Figure 6.
  • FIG. 6(a) shows a sample of 4 « composite powder prepared by the method of Example 3
  • FIGS. 6(b), (c) and (d) show the points in Example 4. Do not use silver-carbon composite powder samples prepared from nitrates of cobalt, iron or nickel.
  • the carbonaceous form of the diamond form is formed directly from the coating of the carbonaceous mesophase by sintering in situ during the heat treatment. Therefore, the strength and mechanical wear resistance of the silver-carbon composite (sintered body) are largely improved due to the presence of diamond-form carbonaceous matter.
  • the method of the present invention significantly reduces the production cost compared to the conventional method of directly adding diamond.
  • the content of the finally obtained diamond can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting within the scope of the method of the present invention, such as sintering temperature, amount of silver powder added, etc., to achieve the final desired mechanical wear resistance.
  • sintering temperature such as sintering temperature, amount of silver powder added, etc.
  • the preparation method of the present invention uniform dispersion between the powders on the nanometer scale can be achieved, and the carbonaceous material in the form of diamond is introduced in situ and thus imparts excellent mechanical properties.
  • the method of the present invention is a process cartridge, convenient operation, no external pollution, and cost saving method.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新的银基电接触材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：（a）提供碳质中间相溶液；（b）将银源加入碳质中间相溶液中并搅拌，得到混合物；（c）从所述混合物中除去溶剂，得到固体；（d）对所述固体进行热处理，得到银基电接触材料，其中所述银源为通过化学方法制备得到的银粉。通过该方法实现了碳质对银的均匀包覆，且银以纳米级尺度均匀分散，并且烧结后在材料中原位生成了金刚石。由此加工得到的电接触材料显示出优异的机械耐磨性和电学性能。

Description

一种银基电接触材料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型的银基电接触材料制备方法。 背景技术
电接触材料， 亦称电触头材料或者触头或接头， 是高低压电器开关等仪 器仪表中的重要元器件， 它担负着电路间接通与断开， 同时承载相应电路中 电流的任务。
在目前的银基电接触材料制备领域， 如在银碳电接触材料的制备中， 通 常采用粉末冶金或者高能球磨分散等方式实现银粉和石墨粉体均匀混合， 再 对混合粉体进行等静压烧结， 挤压成形， 切片等工序， 从而得到所需的触头 材料。 但是在加工粉体时， 传统的粉末冶金及高能球磨混粉的方式最多只能 实现微尺度上的均匀混合， 而且常常会导致混合不均匀， 并伴随着粉末团聚 等现象， 这些因素严重地影响着通过烧结粉体得到的材料在机械物理和电学 等方面的性能。 粉末冶金或者高能球磨工艺除了上述的易造成粉体团聚不均 匀的原因之外， 还会由于加工时间较长， 容易造成球磨介质对电接触材料的 污染。
此外， 为了提高电接触材料的综合性能， 还可以电接触材料中添加碳质 物质。 但是目前发现， 在这类工艺中， 碳质对雾化银粉的包覆性和浸润性均 较差， 严重影响了银碳电接触材料的性能。
在上述添加碳质物质的方法中， 有尝试向银基电接触材料中直接加入金 刚石， 想以此提高电接触材料的耐磨性并因此延长该材料的使用寿命。 尽管 金刚石可以优化银基电接触材料的机械性能， 但是同时也大大增加了该材料 的制造成本， 因而这类方法在实际生产中并不可行。 此外， 通过粉末冶金方 式添加金刚石也难以实现均匀的^：。
本发明人为了解决上述问题进行了深入细致的研究， 采用本发明的技术 方案解决了上述问题。 发明内容
本发明的涉及银基电接触材料的制备方法， 包括以下步骤：
(a)提供碳质中间相溶液；
(b)将银源加入碳质中间相溶液中并搅拌， 得到一种混合物；
(c)从所述混合物中除去溶剂， 由此得到一种固体；
(d)对所述固体进行热处理， 由此得到银基电接触材料，
其中， 所述银源为化学法制备的银粉（化学银粉） 。 通过该方法实现了碳质对银的均匀包覆， 且银以纳米级尺度均匀分散， 并且烧结后在材料中原位生成了金刚石。 由此加工得到的电接触材料显示 出优异的机械耐磨性和电学性能。 附图说明
图 1 根据本发明方法的基本工艺路线的示意性流程图；
图 2(a)至 (d) 用碳质中间相溶液浸渍化学银粉与雾化银粉后的包覆形貌 对比；
图 3(a)至 (f) 碳质在银碳复合粉体中的分散情况的 SEM 照片， 其中图 3(a)和 3(b)为用 1%碳质中间相溶液浸渍后的复合粉体， 图 3(c)和 3(d)为用 0.1%碳质中间相溶液浸渍后的复合粉体， 图 3(e)和 3(f)为用 0.01%碳质中间 相溶液浸渍后的复合粉体；
图 4 经热处理 (烧结)的 4«复合体的 TEM图像， 其中显示了碳质在银 中的纳米级分散。
图 5(a)至 (b) 碳质在银碳复合粉体中的分布情况的 EDX 图谱， 其中 (a) 和 (b)来自粉体的不同位置；
图 6(a)至 (d) 银碳复合体的拉曼光谱图， 其中图 6(a)显示的是不使用催 化剂时制备的银碳复合粉体样品，图 6(b)、6(c)和 6(d)显示的是分别使用含钴、 具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种制备银基电接触材料的方法， 包括以下步骤：
(a)提供碳质中间相溶液；
(b)将银源加入碳质中间相溶液中并搅拌， 得到混合物；
(c)从所述混合物中除去溶剂， 得到固体；
(d)对所述固体进行热处理， 得到银基电接触材料。
在下文中将结合具体工艺， 详细地描述本发明的银基电接触材料的制备 方法及其特点。 (1)碳质中间相溶液 碳质物质。 这种碳质中间相溶液是通过将碳质中间相溶解在合适的溶剂中制 备得到的。
在本领域中使用的术语 "碳质中间相" 一般指重质芳香烃类物质在热处 理过程中生成的一种向列型液晶物质。 碳质中间相的重要特征之一是光学各 向异性。 碳质中间相是制备高性能炭材料制品的优质前驱体。
碳质中间相例如包括中间相沥青基碳纤维（沥青基碳纤维中间相）和中 间相碳纤微球（碳纤微球中间相）等。 它们主要是以煤沥青或石油沥青为原
Figure imgf000005_0001
参见， 例如， 专利申请 CN 1421477A, 将其全文引入本文作为参考。 生物质 衍生的碳质中间相由于生物质资源的获取方便性及其可再生性、 清洁性和低 廉的成本而具有优势。
在本发明的方法中， 对所使用的碳质中间相没有特别的限制。 但是出于 环境保护、 生产成本的考虑， 优选使用生物质衍生的碳质中间相。
将上述碳质中间相溶解于合适的溶剂中就得到了本发明使用的碳质中间 相溶液。在本发明方法的一个实施方案中，碳质中间相溶液的浓度为 0.005~6 重量％。优选地，碳质中间相溶液的浓度可以为 0.005~5重量％, 例如 0.01~4 重量％, 0.5至 4重量％。 在本发明的方法中， 可以通过调节碳质中间相的溶 液浓度对银基电接触材料中的碳质含量进行调控。 本领域技术人员可以根据 需要对碳质中间相溶液的浓度进行调节。
本发明对于溶解碳质中间相以形成溶液的溶剂没有特别的限制， 只要能 够形成所需浓度的溶液并且易于在后期除去即可。 优选使用的是对环境友好 的溶剂， 包括醇类， 例如甲醇、 乙醇， 丙醇等， 特别是乙醇。 (2)银源
在制备电接触材料中使用的银源优选是银粉 (或银颗粒)。
在传统的银基电接触材料的制备工艺中， 例如在传统粉末冶金或高能球 磨混粉工艺中， 会采用粒径在一定范围的银粉作为银源。 但是现有技术中没 有对所使用的银源的种类进行研究。
在本发明中， 特别采用化学银粉作为银源用于制备银基电接触材料。 在本领域中使用的术语 "化学银粉"是指通过化学方法 (如溶液化学方法) 制备得到的银粉。 特别地， 是指银的前驱体（银盐）在溶液中被还原而制备 得到的 （单质）银粉体。 常见的化学方法包括银铵还原法等。
在本发明的方法中， 所使用的化学银粉的粒径可以在 100 nm到 100 μηι 的范围， 例如 1 μηι至 100 μηι。 在本发明中使用的化学银粉可以从市场上购 买获得。 (3)银源与碳质中间相溶液的混合
银源与碳质中间相溶液的混合可以通过将银粉、 特别是化学银粉加入， 优选完全浸没于碳质中间相溶液中而完成。 将银源加入到碳质中间相溶液中 后， 充分搅拌， 得到银粉和碳质中间相溶液的固 -液混合物， 其中包含均匀分 散的银粉。
一般而言， 在将银粉加入碳质中间相溶液的步骤中， 要求碳质中间相充 分浸没银粉即可。 优选， 保持银粉浸没在碳质中间相的溶液中一定的时间， 促进银粉和碳质中间相间的均匀分散、 银粉和碳质中间相的结合（包覆） 、 提高碳质中间相对银粉的接触性（或称润湿性） 。 根据需要， 调整碳质中间 相溶液的浓度， 改变碳质中间相在银粉中的分布（包覆）量。
根据本发明， 使用化学银粉提高了碳质的包覆量。 例如， 在未热处理的 复合粉体中， 碳质对银的包覆量， 在碳质中间相的浓度为 0.01%至 1% 重量时， 例如在 0.01重量％~1.5重量％, 特别可在 0.04重量％至 1.3重量％, 更特别地是在 0.05重量％至 1.2重量％ (基于银碳的总重量)的范围内变化。
经过热处理（例如烧结）后， ^复合体中碳质对银的包覆量， 在碳质 中间相的浓度为 0.01%至 1%重量时， 例如可在 0.01重量％~1重量％, 特别 是在 0.02至 0.5重量％,更特别地是在 0.02至 0.3重量％ (基于银碳的总重量) 的范围内变化。
(4)溶剂的除去
银粉和碳质中间相充分混合后， 除去该固液混合物中的溶剂。 本发明的 方法对于从上述的固-液混合物中除去溶剂的方法没有特别的限制。可以使用 本领域技术人员公知的溶剂移除方法， 例如烘干、 旋转蒸发、 氮气吹扫等。 由此得到了一种碳质中间相均匀包覆银粉的固体。
根据本发明方法获得的碳质中间相对银粉的包覆通过调节碳质中间相溶 液的浓度， 是可控的。
(5) 热处理
除去溶剂后得到的固体经热处理， 可以得到银基电接触材料。
该热处理步骤优选在含氢气的气氛中进行。所述气氛可以为纯氢气氛围， 或者为氢气和氮气的混合气体 (如氨分解气)， 也可以为氢气和氨气的混合气 体， 等等。
根据本发明， 所述热处理步骤优选为烧结。
热处理， 如烧结的温度可以为 600 °C至 950 °C , 例如优选大约 650°C-800°C。
对于热处理的持续时间， 没有特别限制。 一般而言， 过长的热处理时间 会导致成本过高； 如果热处理时间过短， 例如低于 0.5小时， 烧结则可能不 能充分地进行。 因此， 热处理的时间一般为 1 至 10小时， 例如， 可以为 2 至 9小时、 3至 8小时， 或者 1至 3小时、 6至 10小时等。 本领域普通技术 人员可知， 对于上述数值点， 可以重新组合成新的数值范围。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，在纯氢气的氛围中于 600°C至 950°C热 处理 1至 10小时。
在另一个优选的实施方案中， 在包含氨气和氢气的氛围中实施热处理， 如烧结。
经过上述热处理步骤后制备得到了碳质分散相-银均匀复合的烧结体。在 如此获得的烧结体中实现了碳质的纳米级分散。
在该银基电接触材料中， 银为连续相， 碳质作为 (微)纳米级分散相分散 在银连续相中。
此外， 在该银基电接触材料中， 碳质除了为石墨形态的碳质之外， 还在 原位， 优选以可控的方式， 生成了金刚石形态的碳质。
在该银基电接触材料的烧结体中， 分散的碳质 (碳质分散相 ) (包括石墨 和金刚石形态)的含量可以根据需要调节，优选该含量为 0.02~5重量％,基于 所述碳质分散相的总重。 优选地， 金刚石形态的碳质在整个碳质分散相中为 0.01-0.5重量％。 根据本发明的方法， 在使用和不使用催化剂的情况下， 在烧结后均可以 在原位生成金刚石形态的碳质。 使用催化剂对于促进金刚石形态的碳质稳定 的原位生成是有利的。 因此， 在本发明方法的一些优选实施方案中， 优选使 用催化剂， 特别是铁盐、 钴盐或镍盐， 优选使用铁盐， 如硝酸铁或氯化铁。 (6)催化剂
在本发明的方法中， 还可以使用催化剂。 这种催化剂可以是能够提供金 属离子如铁离子、 钴离子或镍离子的盐， 优选能供提供铁离子的盐。 优选使 用能够溶解在碳质中间相溶液中的铁盐、 钴盐或镍盐， 即可溶性的铁盐、 钴 盐或镍盐。 不局限于理论， 所述催化剂与碳质中间相和银源络合， 从而催化 反应进行。
优选， 铁盐为硝酸铁、 氯化铁或硫酸铁； 钴盐为硝酸钴、 氯化钴、 硫酸 钴； 镍盐为硝酸镍、 氯化镍、 硫酸镍。
催化剂可以在提供碳质中间相溶液的步骤中加入， 也可以在将银源与碳 质中间相溶液混合的步骤中加入。 在本发明的一个实施方案中， 在制备碳质 中间相溶液的步骤中， 将提供金属离子的盐添加至碳质中间相溶液中。 在另 一个实施方案中， 仅在混合银源如化学银粉与碳质中间相溶液的期间添加催 化剂。
所述盐可以各种形式添加， 例如固态盐形式 (即不含溶剂）， 或者溶液形 式 (即溶解在溶剂中）， 只要能够实现所需的最终浓度即可。 当以溶液形式进 行添加时， 优选使用与碳质中间相溶液中的溶剂相同的溶剂， 例如， 乙醇。 但是也可以采用不同的溶剂， 只要不显著影响催化剂的作用即可。
根据需要， 催化剂可以在后续步骤中根据常规技术除去， 也可以保留在 产品中。
在一个优选的实施方案中， 所述催化剂为铁离子、 钴离子或镍离子的可 溶性盐。
在一个优选的实施方案中，所述催化剂为铁离子的盐，尤其是可溶性盐， 例如硝酸铁、 氯化铁。
在本发明的方法中， 可以添加或不添加所述催化剂。 在一个有利的方案 中， 添加上述催化剂。
(7)银基电接触材料
本发明还提供了银基电接触材料， 其中银为连续相， 碳质作为分散相分 散在银连续相中。 在该银基电接触材料中， 碳质分散相的含量为 0.02~5 重 量％,基于所述银基电接触材料的总重。优选，碳质以 (；微)纳米级分散在银连 续相中。 其中， 碳质的 (微)纳米级分散是指 50%重量以上的碳质为纳米级， 优选 60%重量以上的碳质为纳米级， 更优选 70%重量以上的碳质为纳米级， 且其中纳米级是在 1-1000纳米的范围内。
该银基电接触材料的碳质分散相中同时包含石墨形态的碳质和金刚石形 态的碳质。 根据本发明， 所述金刚石形态的碳质是通过碳质中间相的热处理 (如烧结)在原位生成的。 在一个优选的实施方案中， 所述金刚石形态在所述 碳质^：相中含量为 0.01-0.5重量％, 基于所述碳质^:相的总重。
优异。
对该材料进行任选的后续加工， 即可以作为最终的电接触材料用于各类 电气设备中， 例如用于低压或低压终端断路器中。
例如， 根据需要， 可以对该材料进行挤压、拉拔、 成型切片等各类加工。 本领域技术人员还可以根据具体应用的需要选择其他常规的技术手段对该烧 结体进行加工。
在一个实施方式中， 所制得的电接触材料可以悍接于触壁上， 用于断路 器或者接触器中的动、 静触点， 承担电^ 通与断开， 同时负载相应电路中 的电流。 下面通过具体的实施例进一步解释和阐述本发明， 但是应当理解的是， 本发明并不受到上述说明和下述具体实施例的限制， 而是应当理解为权利要 求书所要求保护的范围。 在本文中， 除非特别指明， 所有数值点、 范围、 百 分比均指的是重量基础。 实施例
实施例 1
提供碳质中间相溶液
碳质中间相可以根据已知的方法获得。 本发明中使用的生物质衍生碳质 中间相粉体从山东曲阜天博晶碳科技有限公司获得。
碳质中间相溶液以如下方式配制：
将生物质衍生碳质中间相粉体置于乙醇中， 搅拌溶解后静置， 得到碳质 中间相溶液。 通过烘干确定该溶液的浓度， 并根据测定结果添加适量溶剂进 行稀释， 得到浓度为 4%的碳质中间相溶液。 量取适量的溶剂并加入， 充分 搅拌后获得一系列的碳质中间相的乙醇溶液， 碳质中间相的浓度分别为 0.4%、 0.04%, 以及 1%、 0.1%和 0.01% (均为重量0 /0), 在后续步骤中使用。 银源
根据本发明的方法使用的是化学银粉。 对比例中使用的是雾化银粉， 即 银在熔融状态下受到高速气流或者液流撞击分散并冷却后形成的超细银粉。
本发明中使用的化学银粉和雾化银粉均为购买获得。 化学银粉由温州宏 丰合金股份有限公司提供， 尺寸为至少有两维尺寸均小于 50微米。 实施例 2 制备固-液混合体
将化学银粉和雾化银粉分别浸入实施例 1中制备出的不同浓度的碳质中 间相乙醇溶液中， 充分混合后， 蒸发除去乙醇， 由此获得了银 -碳复合体， 其 中所用的碳质中间相溶液的浓度如表 1中所示。 通过 EDX定性分析了使用不同浓度的碳质中间相溶液浸渍雾化银粉和 化学银粉时所获得碳质对银粉的包覆量 (以重量％表示)， 结果如下表 1所示。 表 1:通过 EDX定性分析碳质中间相溶液对雾化银粉和化学银粉的浸渍 包覆量的比较
Figure imgf000011_0001
从表 1的 EDX分析结果可以清楚地看出， 在用 4%至 0.04%的碳质中间 相溶液浸渍的条件下，在获得的银粉复合体中均有碳质 (C)的存在，也就是说, 不同浓度的溶液均可在银粉表面形成碳质的包覆。 但是， 在使用相同浓度的 碳质中间相溶液的条件下， 碳质中间相对化学银粉的包覆量明显大于对雾化 银粉的包覆量。 进一步通过 C/S元素分析仪精确地定量分析了不同浓度的碳质中间相溶 液对雾化银粉和化学银粉的浸渍后包覆量， 结果如下表 2所示。 表 2: 通过 C/S元素分析定量分析碳质中间相溶液对雾化银粉和化学银 粉的浸渍后包覆量 (碳含量）
Figure imgf000012_0001
表 2的结果进一步证实了，在使用相同浓度的碳质中间相溶液的条件下， 碳质中间相对化学银粉的包覆量明显大于对雾化银粉的包覆量。 这可能是由 于化学银粉具有特殊的结构， 并且在其表面上一般会有很多极性基团， 使得 化学银粉对碳质中间相的吸附能力明显优于雾化银粉， 因此碳质中间相能够 在银粉表面上更好的浸润并形成更好的包覆。 图 2中示出了在使用 4重量％的碳质中间相溶液分别浸渍雾化银粉和化 学银粉后所获得银碳复合体的形貌。 图 2(a)和 (c)为由雾化银粉制备的 4«复 合体在 1000倍和 2000倍放大倍数下的形貌图，图 (b)和 (d)为由化学银粉制备 的银碳复合体在 10000倍和 40000倍放大倍数下的形貌图。
从图 2中可以看出， 在雾化银粉的情况中出现了颗粒团聚， 而在化学银 粉的情况中颗粒的粒径更小， 尺寸更为均匀， 与银粉与碳质中间相的浸润性 更好。 实施例 2的结果表明， 根据本发明使用化学银粉制名 艮碳电接触材料的 方法优于传统的使用雾化银粉的方法。 已知的是， 使用雾化银粉一般实现的 是银 -碳的微米级分散， 同时经常会发生团聚现象， 因此对通过烧结制备的电 接触材料的最终性能 (如机械物理性能和电学性能)带来了负面影响。 而在使 用化学银粉的条件下，可以实现碳质的纳米级分散，有效减少了团聚的发生， 这显然有利于电接触材料的最终性能。 实施例 3
在本实施例中， 银碳复合粉体按照如下所述的方式进行制备： 使用不同浓度 (1重量％, 0.1重量％和 0.01重量％)的碳质中间相溶液制 备表面包覆碳质中间相的化学银粉，将其置于坩埚中，于氢气气氛下在 750°C 烧结， 保温 1小时， 随炉冷却得到银碳复合粉体。 经过上述热处理 (烧结)获得的 «复合粉体中的含碳量示于表 2最后一 行中。表中显示， 对于 0.01%至 1%浓度的碳质中间相溶液， 可以在烧结后银 碳复合粉体中实现在大约 0.02~0.23 重量％范围内的含碳量。 可以依据该数
图 3的照片显示了通过 SEM在不同的放大倍数下观察在上述 4«复合 粉体中碳质的^:情况。 如图所示， 对于使用不同碳质中间相浓度制备的各 复合粉体均未观察到明显的两相分离。
图 4的 TEM图像显示的是经过烧结的 4«复合体， 其中， 白色部分为 碳， 黑色部分为银。 由图中可以看出， 大部分的碳的粒径在纳米级范围， 并 且纳米级分散的碳质没有出现团聚。
图 5显示了通过 EDX分析以 0.1%碳质中间相溶液制备的 4«复合粉体 中碳质的分布情况。 如图所示， 在该样品的不同位置处的含碳量非常接近， 分别为 1.86重量％和 2.30重量％, 这说明碳质在银碳复合粉体中的分布基本 均匀。 实施例 4
在本实施例中， 制备过程基本与实施例 3所述过程相同， 只是所使用的 碳质中间相溶液为添加了催化剂的碳质中间相溶液。 其中催化剂的浓度均为 金属元素在乙醇中的浓度为 1%。 通过拉曼光谱分析了由实施例 3和 4的方法制备的各 4«复合体中的碳 质的形态。 所得光谱结果如图 6所示。 其中， 在图 6(a)显示的是使用实施例 3的方法制备的 4«复合粉体样品， 图 6(b)、 （c)和 (d)显示的是实施例 4中分 别使用钴、 铁或镍的硝酸盐制备的银碳复合粉体样品。
通过比较发现， 在不使用催化剂（图 6(a), 实施例 3)的条件下， 所得粉体 样品中的石墨形态比例较大， 并且随着碳质中间相浓度的增加， 石墨的比例 变得更大， 没有观察到明显的金刚石形态。
而在图 6(b)、 图 6(c)和图 6(d)中， 即在分别使用了钴离子、 铁离子和镍 离子作为催化剂的情况下， 均观察金刚石形态碳质的增加 (即， ¾ 峰增多）。 尤其是在铁离子作为催化剂的情况中， 随着铁的用量的增加， 不仅 增多， 而且峰型和数量均变得很好。 通过上述实施例充分证实了， 在根据本发明方法制备的烧结体中， 以及 因此在最终制得的 4«复合电接触材料中， 不仅形成了石墨形态的碳质， 还 获得了金刚石形态的碳质。 而且该金刚石形态的碳质是在热处理过程中从碳 质中间相的包覆体经过烧结于原位直接形成的。因此，该银碳复合体 (烧结体) 的强度和机械耐磨性会由于金刚石形态碳质的存在而在很大程度上得到提 高。 与直接添加金刚石的常规方法相比， 本发明的方法显然大大地降低了生 产成本。
还可以理解的是， 可以通过在本发明方法的范围内适当调节， 例如烧结 温度、 银粉的加入量等来调节最终获得的金刚石的含量， 以实现最终所需的 机械耐磨性。 通过本发明的制备方法，可以实现粉体之间在纳米级尺度上的均匀分散， 并且在原位引入了金刚石形态的碳质并由此赋予了优异的机械性能。 此外， 由于石墨和金刚石功能相通过金属离子催化的碳质中间相乙醇溶液方便地 原位生成， 因此本发明的方法是一种工艺筒单、 操作方便、 无外加污染、 节省成本的方法。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种银基电接触材料的制备方法， 包括以下步骤：
(a)提供碳质中间相溶液；
(b)将银源加入碳质中间相溶液中并搅拌， 得到混合物；
(c)从所述混合物中除去溶剂， 得到固体；
(d)对所述固体进行热处理， 得到银基电接触材料，
其中， 所述银源为通过化学方法制备得到的银粉。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中所述银粉的粒径为 100 nm到 100 μηι。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其中所述碳质中间相为生物质衍生的碳 质中间相。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的方法，其中所述碳质中间相溶液的浓度为 0.005-6重量％。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其中包括向所述碳质中间相溶液加入催 化剂的步骤。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法， 其中所述所催化剂选自包括下列的盐： 铁盐、 钴盐和镍盐。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中所述热处理为烧结。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的方法， 其中所述烧结在含氢气的氛围中进行。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的方法， 其中所述烧结在 600~950°C的温度范围 内。
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