WO2013140900A1 - 製鉄用ヘマタイトの製造方法 - Google Patents
製鉄用ヘマタイトの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013140900A1 WO2013140900A1 PCT/JP2013/053411 JP2013053411W WO2013140900A1 WO 2013140900 A1 WO2013140900 A1 WO 2013140900A1 JP 2013053411 W JP2013053411 W JP 2013053411W WO 2013140900 A1 WO2013140900 A1 WO 2013140900A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- leaching
- nickel
- sulfuric acid
- ore
- Prior art date
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- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 53
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 53
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 51
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229960005191 ferric oxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- IPRPPFIAVHPVJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(CC=O)C=C1 IPRPPFIAVHPVJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052935 jarosite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 nickel salt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052934 alunite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010424 alunite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPZTWMNLAFDTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-D trialuminum;potassium;hexahydroxide;disulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KPZTWMNLAFDTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/06—Ferric oxide [Fe2O3]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a production method for refining a leach residue obtained by wet refining of nickel oxide ore into hematite with a low sulfur content that can be used as a raw material for iron making.
- iron ore containing iron oxide is charged into a blast furnace together with a reducing agent such as coke, heated to reduce and melt to obtain crude steel, which is refined in a converter to produce the desired steel.
- the method to obtain is used.
- the raw iron oxide is a limited resource, and obtaining high-quality iron ore necessary for maintaining the quality of steel is becoming increasingly difficult.
- nickel as a raw material for stainless steel
- a technology for smelting low-grade oxide ore as a raw material has been developed and put into practical use in accordance with the resource depletion tendency of sulfide ore conventionally used.
- nickel oxide ores such as limonite and saprolite are put together with sulfuric acid into a pressure device such as an autoclave, and nickel is leached under a high temperature and high pressure of about 240 to 260 ° C.
- the nickel leached into this sulfuric acid solution is separated from the leaching residue by solid-liquid separation, and then the impurities are separated and recovered as an intermediate raw material in the form of hydroxide, sulfide, etc., and this intermediate raw material is further purified It is used as nickel metal or nickel salt compounds.
- HPAL high pressure acid leaching
- the main component of the leach residue obtained by the HPAL process is iron oxide in the form of hematite, etc. This is the content of nickel or copper in the nickel or copper oxide ore or sulfide ore used as a raw material. It is obtained as a secondary because it contains much iron. Since these leaching residues are generated at a high temperature and are in the form of oxides that are chemically and environmentally stable, they have been disposed of in a residue dump without any particular utility value. For this reason, how to secure a dumping site for the huge amount of leach residue generated during smelting has become a serious issue.
- the leaching residue of the HPAL process could not be used directly for the iron making raw material.
- the leaching residue of the HPAL process contains gangue and impurities, particularly sulfur, in addition to iron oxide, and requires exhaust gas treatment, which is suitable for the raw materials used in conventional general iron making processes. It was because there was not.
- the sulfur grade in iron oxide that can be used as a raw material for iron making varies depending on the facility capacity, production volume, etc. of each ironworks, but it is generally required to be suppressed to 1% or less.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an alunite and zinc sulfide-containing residue is stirred with 40 to 100 g / l of free sulfuric acid in an autoclave at an oxygen partial pressure of at least 1000 kPa and 130 to 170 ° C.
- the iron content and zinc content of the zinc-containing concentrate are substantially dissolved, and the solution is introduced into a leaching circuit for zinc electrolysis to precipitate iron in the form of hematite, separating sulfur from the solids and remaining
- the object is a method characterized in that it is supplied to another application.
- this method has a problem that an expensive apparatus such as an autoclave is required, capital investment is increased, and operation is complicated.
- the present invention provides a production method for purifying hematite having a sulfur component low enough to be used as an ironmaking raw material from a leach residue containing iron oxide produced by the HPAL process.
- the first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is the purification of iron oxide for iron making in the process of adding sulfuric acid to nickel oxide ore and leaching nickel from the nickel oxide ore using a pressure vessel.
- a second invention of the present invention is a method for refining iron oxide for iron making in a process of adding sulfuric acid to nickel oxide ore and leaching nickel from the nickel oxide ore using a pressurized vessel, the nickel oxide ore
- a method for purifying iron oxide for iron making characterized by adding sulfuric acid to the solution and adding chloride.
- the leaching residue obtained after leaching the nickel in the first and second aspects is washed with an alkaline solution having a concentration of 20% by weight or more. This is a method for purifying iron.
- a low-sulfur grade hematite that can be used as an iron-making raw material can be easily obtained.
- waste such as leaching residue discharged in the refining process can be used as raw materials for steelmaking, the amount of leaching residue discarded can be greatly reduced. This reduces environmental risks, reduces disposal costs, It is possible to reduce manufacturing costs such as reduction of construction costs for leach residue disposal sites.
- the concentration of sulfuric acid to be added is reduced while maintaining a range in which the leaching rate of nickel does not decrease, and the concentration of leaching residue is reduced.
- the inventors of the present invention have observed a cross-section of the existence form of sulfur in the leaching residue using an analytical instrument, and have found that most of the sulfur is present together with iron, and most of the form is iron merosite (jarosite). .
- sulfur existing in the form of jarosite can be decomposed at a temperature of about 700 ° C. or higher, but facilities and heating costs cannot be ignored.
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to suppress sulfur from being contained in the leaching residue by operating under conditions where the leaching residue does not generate jarosite, and even if partly contained, the post-treatment It has been found that it can be decomposed, and the present invention has been completed.
- Fig. 1 shows a typical flow of a recovery process in which valuable metals such as nickel oxide ore and iron-containing minerals are leached with high-pressure sulfuric acid to recover valuable metals, and low sulfur grades are obtained from the leaching residue that accompanies this process.
- 1 shows a flow of a purification method according to the present invention for producing hematite.
- the flow of the recovery process of valuable metals is shown by a white arrow
- the flow of the purification method of iron oxide for iron making (low sulfur grade hematite) according to the present invention is shown by a black arrow.
- the sulfuric acid added when leaching the nickel oxide ore at high temperature and pressure is added with 250 kg or more of sulfuric acid per ton of nickel oxide ore in order to obtain a leaching rate of 95% or more which is considered to be industrially practical. Things have been done. At this time, the sulfur quality in the leaching residue was about 1.2 to 2%.
- the nickel leaching rate is also decreased, and thus an extreme decrease has been avoided.
- the present inventors have found that the sulfur quality in the leaching residue is lowered by reducing the amount of sulfuric acid added during leaching. If the sulfuric acid concentration is in the range of about 200 Kg to 220 Kg per ton of ore, the nickel leaching rate can be maintained at about 95% or more, and both securing of the nickel leaching rate and reduction of sulfur in the leaching residue can be obtained.
- the method of increasing the oxidizing agent such as air or oxygen added with sulfuric acid during leaching has little effect on reducing the sulfur quality of the leaching residue, but sodium chloride and potassium chloride together with sulfuric acid during leaching.
- the effect of reducing the sulfur quality can also be obtained by adding a chloride such as.
- the amount of chloride added is, for example, by adding an amount that gives a molar ratio of about 4 times the sulfur contained in the leaching residue, so that the sulfur grade of the leaching residue is less than 1%.
- the chloride to be used those other than calcium chloride such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride are suitable.
- the sulfur in the leaching residue when the amount of sulfuric acid added at the time of leaching of nickel according to the present invention is reduced and the leaching residue is further washed with an alkaline solution when the leaching residue is further leached or when chloride is further added, the sulfur in the leaching residue. Components can be removed, and leaching residue with low sulfur grade can be obtained.
- the alkali to be used is desirably an alkali other than calcium, and sodium hydroxide is preferable from the standpoint of availability and price.
- the alkali concentration of the alkaline solution used for washing is preferably at least about 20% by weight in order to make the leaching residue sulfur grade less than 1%, and the washing time is at least 2 hours at an alkali concentration of 20% by weight or more. A degree of cleaning is desirable.
- Table 1 shows the amount of sulfuric acid added per ton of ore [Kg / ore-t], free acid concentration before solid-liquid separation (expressed as slurry free acid concentration [g / l]), and sulfur components contained in the leach residue.
- An amount [% by weight] (denoted as residual sulfur quality [%]) and a Ni leaching rate [%] calculated from the amount of Ni contained in the leachate after solid-liquid separation are shown.
- the sulfuric acid mixed with the nickel oxide ore was the same as in Example 1 except that the sulfuric acid was mixed at 165 Kg (165 [Kg / ore-t]) per ton of ore, and was separated into a leaching solution and a leaching residue. . Included in the amount of sulfuric acid added per ton of ore at that time, free acid concentration before solid-liquid separation (slurry free acid concentration), amount of sulfur component contained in the leaching residue (residual sulfur grade), and leachate after solid-liquid separation Table 1 also shows the Ni leaching rate calculated from the amount of Ni produced.
- Example 1 As a conventional example, the same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that sulfuric acid mixed with nickel oxide ore was mixed at 275 Kg (275 [Kg / ore-t]) per ton of ore, which is the conventional range. And separated into leach residues. Included in the amount of sulfuric acid added per ton of ore at that time, free acid concentration before solid-liquid separation (slurry free acid concentration), amount of sulfur component contained in the leaching residue (residual sulfur grade), and leachate after solid-liquid separation Table 1 also shows the Ni leaching rate calculated from the amount of Ni produced.
- FIG. 2 shows changes in residual sulfur grade and Ni leaching rate with respect to the amount of sulfuric acid added in Examples 1 and 2 and the conventional example.
- the amount of sulfuric acid added is 275 Kg per ton of ore
- the amount of 205 Kg added has little decrease in the Ni leaching rate. Sulfur inside can be reduced to 1%.
- the addition amount of sulfuric acid is In order to obtain low sulfur grade iron oxide (hematite) while emphasizing (ie, not reducing) the Ni leaching rate, it is preferably 220 kg or less, more preferably 205 kg or less per ton of ore.
- leaching can be performed with a smaller amount of sulfuric acid.
- the Ni leaching rate is about 85%
- sulfuric acid The addition amount is acceptable up to 150 [Kg / ore-t]. In that case, the sulfur quality of the obtained leaching residue can be expected to about 0.5%.
- Example 1 the amount of sulfuric acid added was 275 kg per ton of ore, and magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) was further added to a concentration of 14.3 g / liter, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. The leaching solution and the leaching residue were separated, and the sulfur quality in the leaching residue was measured.
- MgCl 2 magnesium chloride
- the leaching residue was washed with alkali and washed with pure water in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the alkali concentration was 30% by weight.
- the sulfur grade in the obtained leach residue is measured and shown in Table 2.
- the leaching residue was washed with alkali and pure water in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the alkali concentration was 30% by weight and the washing time in the leaching residue was 4 hours.
- the sulfur grade in the obtained leach residue is measured and shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 2 The leaching residue was washed with alkali and pure water in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the leaching residue was washed with alkali for 5 hours.
- the sulfur grade in the obtained leach residue is measured and shown in Table 2.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
その原料の酸化鉄は、限られた資源であり、しかも鋼の品質維持に必要な良質な鉄鉱石の入手は次第に難しくなっている。
具体的には、リモナイトやサプロライトなどのニッケル酸化鉱石を硫酸とともにオートクレーブなどの加圧装置に入れ、240~260℃程度の高温高圧下でニッケルを浸出するものである。
また、このHPALプロセスは、ニッケル酸化鉱石のみでなく、ニッケル硫化鉱石や硫化銅鉱石、酸化銅鉱石など多くの種類にも適用できる。
これらの浸出残渣は、高温で生成したため化学的・環境的には安定な酸化物の形態であるが、特段の利用価値もなく、残渣捨て場に廃棄することが行われてきた。このため製錬に伴い発生する膨大な量の浸出残渣の捨て場をいかに確保するかが重大な課題となっていた。
特に製鉄原料に利用できる酸化鉄中の硫黄品位は、個々の製鉄所の設備能力、生産量などによって異なるが、一般には1%以下に抑制することが必要とされている。
具体的な方法のひとつとして、オートクレーブなどの加圧装置を使用して、硫黄を分離する方法が知られている。
しかしこの方法は、オートクレーブのような高価な装置を要し、設備投資がかさみ、操業が複雑になるという課題があった。
(1)製鉄原料に使用できる低硫黄品位のヘマタイトを容易に得ることができる。
(2)製鉄原料を安価かつ安定して調達できる。
(3)精錬過程において排出される浸出残渣などの廃棄物が、製鉄原料に使用できることで、廃棄される浸出残渣の物量を大幅に削減でき、このため、環境リスクの低下、廃棄コストの減少、浸出残渣捨て場の建設コストの低減などの製造コストの削減を可能とする。
(4)低硫黄品位のヘマタイトの生産に際して、特別な設備を要せず、その製造プロセスの構築が容易である。
このジャロサイトの形態として存在する硫黄は、特許文献1に示すように、概ね700℃以上の温度とすれば分解できるが、設備や加熱コストが無視できない。
なお、有価金属の回収プロセスのフローを白抜き矢印で示し、本発明に係る製鉄用酸化鉄(低硫黄品位ヘマタイト)の精製方法のフローを黒矢印で示す。
その硫酸濃度が鉱石1トン当たり200Kg~220Kg程度の範囲であれば、ニッケルの浸出率も概ね95%以上を維持でき、ニッケル浸出率の確保と浸出残渣の硫黄低下の両者が得られる。
添加する塩化物量は、例えば浸出残渣に含有される硫黄の4倍程度のモル比となる量を添加することで、浸出残渣の硫黄品位を1%未満にする。
用いる塩化物としては、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化マグネシウムなどのカルシウムの塩化物以外が好適である。
使用するアルカリは、カルシウム系以外のアルカリが望ましく、水酸化ナトリウムは入手のし易さ、価格面などからも好ましい。
次いでこの混合したスラリーを加圧装置に装入して、240~250℃に昇温後、3時間保持し、鉱石中のニッケルを浸出し、浸出スラリーを形成した。
次いで、直接ヌッチェと濾瓶を用いて固液分離を行い、浸出液と浸出残渣に分離した。
その時の鉱石1トン当たりの硫酸添加量、固液分離前の遊離酸濃度(スラリ遊離酸濃度)、浸出残渣に含まれる硫黄成分の量(残渣硫黄品位)、及び固液分離後の浸出液に含まれるNi量から算出したNi浸出率を、表1に併せて示す。
従来例として、ニッケル酸化鉱石と混合する硫酸を、従来範囲である鉱石1トン当たり275Kg(275[Kg/ore-t])となるように混合した以外は、実施例1と同様に行い、浸出液と浸出残渣に分離した。
その時の鉱石1トン当たりの硫酸添加量、固液分離前の遊離酸濃度(スラリ遊離酸濃度)、浸出残渣に含まれる硫黄成分の量(残渣硫黄品位)、及び固液分離後の浸出液に含まれるNi量から算出したNi浸出率を、表1に併せて示す。
表1および図2から明らかなように、従来、鉱石1トン当たり275Kgの硫酸添加量であった場合に比べ、205Kgの添加量(実施例1)では、Ni浸出率を殆ど低下させずに残渣中の硫黄を1%まで低減できる。さらに165Kgの添加量(実施例2)では、残渣中の硫黄は0.83%まで低減することができるが、Ni浸出率が85.5%まで低下してしまうことから、硫酸の添加量は、Ni浸出率を重視しながら(すなわち低下させず)低硫黄品位の酸化鉄(ヘマタイト)を得ようとする場合には、鉱石1トン当たり220Kg以下、より望ましくは205Kg以下とすると良い。
上記実施例1と同じ方法で浸出し、浸出残渣中の硫黄品位が1.3重量%になるように調整した浸出残渣を分取し、スラリー濃度を5重量%になるようにアルカリ溶液を加えて洗浄した。
加えたアルカリ溶液は、アルカリ濃度が20重量%の水酸化ナトリウムを用い、60℃に維持しながら、2時間攪拌した。攪拌終了後、ヌッチェと濾紙を用いて固液分離し、次いで純水をかけてアルカリ洗浄後の浸出残渣を洗浄した。
得られた浸出残渣中の硫黄品位を測定して表2に示す。
アルカリ濃度を0.04重量%、浸出残渣のアルカリ洗浄における洗浄時間を2時間とした以外は、実施例4と同様にして、浸出残渣にアルカリ洗浄、純水による洗浄を施した。得られた浸出残渣中の硫黄品位を測定して表2に示す。
浸出残渣のアルカリ洗浄における洗浄時間を5時間とした以外は、比較例1と同様にして、浸出残渣にアルカリ洗浄、純水による洗浄を施した。得られた浸出残渣中の硫黄品位を測定して表2に示す。
アルカリ濃度が低い場合には、比較例1及び2に示されるように、洗浄時間を延ばしても浸出残渣硫黄の低下は起こらず、1%未満の浸出残渣硫黄が得られない。
Claims (3)
- ニッケル酸化鉱石に硫酸を添加し、加圧容器を用いて、前記ニッケル酸化鉱石からニッケルを浸出するプロセスにおける製鉄用酸化鉄の精製方法であって、
添加する前記硫酸の量が、ニッケル酸化鉱石1トン当たり150Kg以上、220Kg以下であることを特徴とする製鉄用酸化鉄の精製方法。 - ニッケル酸化鉱石に硫酸を添加し、加圧容器を用いて、前記ニッケル酸化鉱石からニッケルを浸出するプロセスにおける製鉄用酸化鉄の精製方法であって、
前記ニッケル酸化鉱石に硫酸を添加すると共に、塩化物を加えることを特徴とする製鉄用酸化鉄の精製方法。 - ニッケルを浸出した後に得られる浸出残渣を20重量%以上の濃度のアルカリ溶液を用いて洗浄することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の製鉄用酸化鉄の精製方法。
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CA2867239A CA2867239C (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-02-13 | Method for producing hematite for ironmaking |
CN201380015135.9A CN104204245B (zh) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-02-13 | 制铁用赤铁矿的制造方法 |
EP13764654.3A EP2829620A4 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-02-13 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING HEMATITE FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF IRON |
US14/386,445 US9776885B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-02-13 | Method for producing hematite for ironmaking |
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