WO2013128597A1 - 非接触給電システム、給電装置、受電装置、及び非接触給電システムの制御方法 - Google Patents

非接触給電システム、給電装置、受電装置、及び非接触給電システムの制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013128597A1
WO2013128597A1 PCT/JP2012/055104 JP2012055104W WO2013128597A1 WO 2013128597 A1 WO2013128597 A1 WO 2013128597A1 JP 2012055104 W JP2012055104 W JP 2012055104W WO 2013128597 A1 WO2013128597 A1 WO 2013128597A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
power
power supply
receiving device
power receiving
information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/055104
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
慎也 正岡
Original Assignee
中国電力株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国電力株式会社 filed Critical 中国電力株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2012/055104 priority Critical patent/WO2013128597A1/ja
Priority to KR1020147018222A priority patent/KR101712041B1/ko
Priority to EP12870174.5A priority patent/EP2822146A4/en
Priority to US14/378,541 priority patent/US9755699B2/en
Priority to CN201280070745.4A priority patent/CN104137387B/zh
Priority to JP2012528983A priority patent/JP5116904B1/ja
Publication of WO2013128597A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013128597A1/ja

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    • H04B5/79
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67Controlling two or more charging stations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/68Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/05Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H02J7/0049Detection of fully charged condition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12Remote or cooperative charging
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-contact power feeding system, a power feeding device, a power receiving device, and a control method for the non-contact power feeding system, and particularly to a technique for appropriately selecting a power feeding device so that power is supplied to the power receiving device.
  • a bridge circuit configured to be switchable between a first state and a second state, and a control signal including at least one of frequency information and phase information of switching between the first state and the second state, which is transmitted from the power supply device
  • a wireless power receiving apparatus including a receiver that receives and a control unit that switches a first state and a second state of a bridge circuit according to a control signal.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a power receiving side antenna mounted on a device that uses electrical energy as a power source, and an AC power driver that supplies AC power to the power feeding side antenna so as to match the resonance frequency from the power feeding side antenna to the power receiving side antenna. And a non-contact power feeding system that starts power supply when it is detected that the device has entered the power feedable area of the power feeding antenna.
  • a range in which each of the adjacent power supply apparatuses can supply power (hereinafter referred to as a power supply area) is near the boundary of the power supply area. It is assumed that there is an overlap in. For this reason, when the power receiving apparatus exists in the overlapping power supply area, the power receiving apparatus is appropriately selected according to the state of the power receiving apparatus or the power supply apparatus so that power is supplied to the power receiving apparatus. This mechanism is necessary.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such a background.
  • a non-contact power feeding system, a power feeding device, a power receiving device, and a power feeding device capable of appropriately selecting a power feeding device and feeding power to the power receiving device and
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a non-contact power supply system.
  • One aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a non-contact power feeding system including a power receiving device and a plurality of power feeding devices that feed power to the power receiving device.
  • the power receiving device receives the requested power from the power receiving device.
  • determination criterion information which is information used as a determination criterion when selecting the power supply device, and transmitting the generated determination criterion information to the power receiving device; the power receiving device receiving the determination criterion information; Based on the criterion information, the power supply device selects the power supply device that receives power supply, transmits a power supply start request to the selected power supply device, and the power supply device receives the power supply start request, and then receives the power supply start request. To start the power supply.
  • the power receiving device selects the power feeding device that receives power based on the criterion information generated based on the required power by each of the power feeding devices. Therefore, the power receiving device is appropriately selected to feed power to the power receiving device. It can be made to be.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is the contactless power feeding system, wherein the power feeding device is communicably connected to a position information providing device that acquires a current position of the power receiving device, and the power feeding device is connected to the position information providing device.
  • the current position of the power receiving device is obtained from the transmission, the distance from itself to the power receiving device is obtained based on the obtained current position, and transmission when transmitting power to the power receiving device corresponding to the obtained distance Efficiency is determined, the determination criterion information is generated based on the received required power and the determined transmission efficiency, and the generated determination criterion information is transmitted to the power receiving apparatus.
  • the power feeding device obtains the transmission efficiency when transmitting power to the power receiving device, and generates the criterion information based on the obtained transmission efficiency and the required power. It is possible to select an appropriate power supply device for receiving power supply based on the transmission efficiency.
  • the position information providing device receives position location signals that are radio signals transmitted from the power receiving device, adjacent to each other.
  • a plurality of antennas are arranged, and based on the phase difference of the received position location signal, the direction ⁇ in which the power receiving device is seen from itself is obtained, and the current position of the power receiving device is determined based on the obtained direction ⁇ .
  • the power feeding device can accurately determine the transmission efficiency when transmitting power to the power receiving device, and the power receiving device receives power feeding. It is possible to receive power supply by selecting an appropriate power supply device.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is the contactless power supply system, wherein the power supply apparatus determines whether or not the transmission efficiency exceeds a preset threshold, and based on a result of the determination.
  • the determination reference information is generated, and the power receiving apparatus selects the power supply apparatus based on the generated determination reference information.
  • the power receiving device since the power receiving device can select the power feeding device based on whether or not the transmission efficiency exceeds the threshold value, the power receiving device selects an appropriate power feeding device to receive power feeding and performs power feeding. Can receive.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is the contactless power feeding system, wherein the power feeding device stores a movement history of the power receiving device based on a current position of the power receiving device acquired from the position information providing device.
  • the determination reference information is generated based on the movement history, and the power receiving apparatus selects the power supply apparatus based on the generated determination reference information.
  • the power receiving device selects a power feeding device that receives power based on the determination criterion generated by the power feeding device based on its own movement history, and therefore the power receiving device selects an appropriate power feeding device to receive power. Can receive power.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a non-contact power feeding system 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a power feeding apparatus 10.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating main functions provided in the power supply apparatus 10.
  • 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a power receiving device 20.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the main functions with which the power receiving apparatus 20 is provided. It is a figure which shows the structure of the position location signal 600.
  • FIG. It is a figure explaining the positional relationship (how to take the variable which shows height and distance) of the electric power feeder 10 and the receiving device 20.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an antenna group 142 of the power feeding device 10 and the power receiving device 20.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship (how to take the variable which shows height, a distance, and an angle) of the electric power feeder 10 and the receiving device 20.
  • FIG. It is a flowchart explaining electric power feeding process S1000. It is a flowchart explaining electric power feeding process S1000. It is a figure which shows the data structure of the required power information 1200. It is a figure which shows the data structure of the criteria information 170.
  • FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the detail of judgment criteria information transmission process S1400.
  • 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a determination criterion information management table 250.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the data structure of the electric power feeding start request
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a non-contact power feeding system 1 described as the present embodiment.
  • the non-contact power feeding system 1 includes one or more power receiving devices 20 and a plurality of power feeding devices 10 (1), 10 (2), 10 ( 3) is included.
  • each power supply device 10 (1), 10 (2), 10 (3)... Has an electric circuit 3 (1), 3 (2), 3 (3) such as a distribution line.
  • Drive power is supplied from the distribution board 2 connected to the commercial power system or the like.
  • the power receiving device 20 is, for example, a mobile phone, a portable information terminal, a small household appliance, an electric vehicle, or the like.
  • the power feeding device 10 is provided in an environment where the power receiving device 20 is used (a room where a user of the power receiving device 20 enters and exits, an outdoor where a user of the power receiving device 20 passes).
  • FIG. 2 shows a hardware configuration of the power supply apparatus 10.
  • the power supply device 10 includes a power supply device 11, a power supply power supply circuit 12, a power supply element 13, a position information providing device 14, a communication circuit 15, a central processing device 16, a storage device 17, an input device 18, and a display. A device 19 and a timing circuit 51 are provided.
  • the position information providing device 14 may be configured integrally with the power feeding device 10 or may be provided separately from the power feeding device 10.
  • the power supply device 11 is, for example, a switching type or linear type power supply, and supplies power for driving the components of the power supply device 10.
  • the feeding power supply circuit 12 includes a driver circuit (gate driver, half-bridge driver, etc.), and generates a driving current having a predetermined frequency to be supplied to the feeding element 13 based on the power supplied from the power supply device 11.
  • a driver circuit gate driver, half-bridge driver, etc.
  • the power feeding element 13 generates a magnetic field, an electric field, or an electromagnetic field for supplying power to the power receiving device 20.
  • the power feeding element 13 is an inductive element such as a coil.
  • the power feeding element 13 is a capacitive element such as a capacitor.
  • the power feeding element 13 is an antenna.
  • the position information providing apparatus 14 includes a changeover switch 141 and an antenna group 142, and receives a radio signal (hereinafter referred to as a position positioning signal 600) used for position determination described later from the power receiving apparatus 20.
  • a radio signal hereinafter referred to as a position positioning signal 600
  • the communication circuit 15 communicates with the power receiving device 20, another power supply device 10, and the distribution board 2 (or a smart meter provided in the distribution board 2) with communication means (wireless LAN (LAN: Local Area ⁇ Network), Wired communication or wireless communication is performed via wireless communication according to the standard IEEE 802.15.1, wireless communication according to the standard IEEE 802.15.4, IrDA (Infrared Data Association), power line communication (PLC: Power Line Communication, etc.).
  • the communication between the power supply apparatus 10 and the power reception apparatus 20 may be performed by modulating the power supply signal, that is, including information to be transmitted in the power supply signal.
  • the central processing unit 16 is configured using a CPU, an MPU, and the like, and performs overall control of the power supply apparatus 10.
  • the storage device 17 is configured by using RAM, ROM, NVRAM, and the like, and stores programs and data.
  • the input device 18 is, for example, a touch panel or a numeric keypad, and accepts data input in response to a user operation input.
  • the display device 19 is a liquid crystal panel, an organic EL panel, or the like.
  • the timer circuit 51 is configured using, for example, RTC (Real Time Clock), and generates date and time information (time stamp) such as the current date and time.
  • RTC Real Time Clock
  • FIG. 3 shows the main functions of the power supply device 10.
  • the power feeding device 10 includes a power receiving device location unit 181, a movement history storage unit 182, a transmission efficiency calculation unit 183, an electric circuit utilization rate acquisition unit 184, a required power information reception unit 185, and determination criterion information generation.
  • the power receiving device position locating unit 181 acquires the current position of the power receiving device 20 from the position information providing device 14. Details of the position information providing device 14 will be described later.
  • the movement history storage unit 182 stores the movement history of the power receiving device 20 based on the current position of the power receiving device 20 acquired from the position information providing device 14.
  • the movement history storage unit 182 stores the movement history of the power receiving device 20 as data in which the position information of the power receiving device 20 represented by, for example, a two-dimensional coordinate system is associated with the time when the position information is acquired.
  • the transmission efficiency calculation unit 183 obtains a distance from the power feeding device 10 to the power receiving device 20 based on the current position of the power receiving device 20 acquired by the power receiving device position locating unit 181 and supplies power to the power receiving device 20 based on the obtained distance. To determine the transmission efficiency ⁇ when transmitting.
  • the electrical circuit usage rate acquisition unit 184 acquires the usage rates r (1), r (2),... Of the electrical circuits 3 (1), 3 (2),. .
  • the utilization rate r is represented, for example, by the ratio of the current value currently flowing through the electric circuit 3 to the maximum suppliable current value (current value taking into account the safety factor). Note that the electric circuit utilization rate acquisition unit 184, for example, information on the current values currently consumed by other electric products (including other power supply devices 10) connected to the same electric circuit 3. By exchanging, the utilization rates r (1), r (2)... Of the electric circuits 3 (1), 3 (2).
  • the electrical circuit utilization rate acquisition unit 184 communicates with the distribution board 2 (or a smart meter or the like provided in the distribution board 2) via the communication means described above, for example, and the distribution board 2 (or distribution board).
  • the requested power information receiving unit 185 receives requested power information 1200, which will be described later, transmitted from the power receiving device 20.
  • the determination criterion information generation unit 186 generates information (hereinafter referred to as determination criterion information 170) used as a determination criterion when the power receiving device 20 selects the power supply device 10. Details of the criterion information 170 will be described later.
  • the determination criterion information transmission unit 187 transmits the determination criterion information 170 generated by the determination criterion information generation unit 186 to the power receiving device 20.
  • the power supply start request receiving unit 188 receives the power supply start request transmitted from the power receiving device 20.
  • the power supply start processing unit 189 starts non-contact power supply to the power receiving device 20 when the power supply start request receiving unit 188 receives the power supply start request.
  • the power supply area storage unit 190 stores information for specifying a power supply area (hereinafter referred to as power supply area information).
  • the power feeding area information is represented by a two-dimensional coordinate system, for example.
  • FIG. 4 shows the hardware configuration of the power receiving device 20.
  • the power reception device 20 includes an electromotive force generation circuit 21, a load 22, a position location signal transmission device 23, a power consumption measurement circuit 24, a communication circuit 25, a central processing unit 26, a storage device 27, and an input device 28. , A display device 29, and a power storage device 30.
  • the electromotive force generation circuit 21 is configured using a power receiving element 211 such as a power receiving side coil. In the electromotive force generation circuit 21, an electromotive force is generated by a magnetic field, an electric field, or an electromagnetic field sent from the power supply apparatus 10. The electromotive force generated in the electromotive force generation circuit 21 is used as driving power for hardware included in the power receiving device 20 or charging power for the power storage device 30.
  • the load 22 is hardware that contributes to realizing a service provided by the electrical appliance to the user.
  • the load 22 is This is hardware (reception circuit, transmission circuit, etc.) that realizes a telephone conversation function of a mobile phone.
  • the position location signal transmission device 23 includes a position location signal 600 transmission circuit, which will be described later, and an antenna 231 that transmits the position location signal 600.
  • the power consumption measuring circuit 24 measures the current power consumption of the hardware of the power receiving device 20.
  • the power consumption includes, for example, driving power for the central processing unit 26 and the communication circuit 25, driving power for the load 22, charging power for the power storage device 30, and the like.
  • the communication circuit 25 is a circuit that realizes wireless communication with the power supply apparatus 10 via communication means (wireless LAN, wireless communication according to the standard IEEE 802.15.1, wireless communication according to the standard IEEE 802.15.4, IrDA, etc.). It is.
  • the central processing unit 26 is configured using a CPU, MPU, and the like, and performs overall control of the power receiving device 20.
  • the storage device 27 is configured using RAM, ROM, NVRAM, and the like, and stores programs and data.
  • the input device 28 is a keyboard, a touch panel, or the like.
  • the display device 29 is a liquid crystal panel or the like.
  • the power storage device 30 includes a storage battery such as a secondary battery (lithium ion battery, lithium polymer battery, nickel metal hydride battery, nickel cadmium battery, etc.) or a capacitive element (electric double layer capacitor, etc.), and an electromotive force generated in the electromotive force generation circuit 21.
  • the power supply circuit includes a rectifier circuit, a smoothing circuit, a DC / AC converter, a DC / DC converter, and the like for supplying a current based on electric power to the storage battery.
  • the power receiving device 20 does not necessarily include the power storage device 30.
  • the power receiving device 20 may be configured to directly supply a current based on the electromotive force generated in the electromotive force generation circuit 21 to the load 22.
  • FIG. 5 shows main functions of the power receiving device 20.
  • the power receiving device 20 includes a position location signal transmission unit 231, a required power information transmission unit 232, a determination criterion information reception unit 233, a power supply device selection unit 234, and a power supply start request transmission unit 235. Note that these functions are realized by the hardware of the power receiving device 20 or by the central processing unit 26 of the power receiving device 20 reading and executing a program stored in the storage device 27.
  • the position determination signal transmission unit 231 controls the position determination signal transmission device 23 to transmit the position determination signal 600 from the antenna 231.
  • the required power information transmission unit 232 generates required power information 1200 described later, and transmits this to the power supply apparatus 10.
  • the determination criterion information receiving unit 233 receives the determination criterion information 170 transmitted from the power supply apparatus 10. Details of the criterion information 170 will be described later.
  • the power supply device selection unit 234 selects the power supply device 10 that receives power supply based on the criterion information 170 transmitted from the power supply device 10.
  • the power supply start request transmission unit 235 transmits a power supply start request to the power supply device 10 selected by the power supply device selection unit 234.
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 stores a determination criterion information management table 250. Details of the criterion information management table 250 will be described later.
  • a mechanism for locating the current position of the power receiving device 20 will be described.
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 transmits a position location signal 600 composed of a radio signal subjected to spectrum spread repeatedly (for example, periodically) at sufficiently short time intervals from the antenna 231.
  • the power feeding apparatus 10 receives the position determination signal 600 transmitted from the power receiving apparatus 20 while switching a plurality of antennas constituting the antenna group 142 at a sufficiently short period.
  • FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the position location signal 600.
  • the location signal 600 includes signals and information such as a control signal 611, a measurement signal 612, and terminal information 613.
  • control signal 611 includes a modulated wave and various control signals.
  • the measurement signal 612 is an unmodulated wave of about several milliseconds (for example, a signal used for detecting the direction in which the power receiving device 20 is present with respect to the power feeding device 10 and the relative distance to the power receiving device 20 with respect to the power feeding device 10 (for example, 2048 chip diffusion) Sign)).
  • the terminal information 613 includes an identifier (power receiving device ID) assigned to each of the power receiving devices 20.
  • FIG. 7 shows the positional relationship between the power feeding device 10 and the power receiving device 20 (how to take variables indicating height and distance).
  • the power receiving device 20 is present at a height h (m) from the plane Z
  • the power feeding device 10 is fixed at a height H (m) from the plane Z.
  • the straight line distance on the plane Z from directly under the power feeding device 10 to the power receiving device 20 is L (m).
  • FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the antenna group 142 of the power feeding device 10 and the power receiving device 20.
  • the antenna group 142 has an interval of one wavelength or less of the position determination signal 600 (for example, one wavelength (12.5 cm when the position determination signal 600 is a radio wave in the 2.4 GHz band). ) And four circularly polarized directional antennas 142a to 142d arranged adjacently at equal intervals in a substantially square shape in the following interval).
  • ⁇ L (cm) is a propagation path length difference (path difference) between two specific antennas of the antennas constituting the antenna group 142 and the power receiving device 20.
  • arcSin ( ⁇ / ⁇ )
  • ⁇ (radian) in the measurable range ( ⁇ / 2 ⁇ ⁇ / 2), and the direction ⁇ in which the power receiving device 20 exists can be specified from the phase difference ⁇ .
  • the height of the antenna group 142 of the power feeding device 10 is H (m)
  • the height of the power receiving device 20 is h (m)
  • the position on the plane Z immediately below the power feeding device 10 is the origin.
  • the angle formed by the direction 20 and the Y axis is ⁇ (y)
  • the position of the power receiving device 20 with respect to the origin can be obtained from the following equation.
  • ⁇ d (x) (H ⁇ h) ⁇ Tan ( ⁇ (x))
  • ⁇ d (y) (H ⁇ h) ⁇ Tan ( ⁇ (y))
  • the current position (Xx, Yy) of the power reception apparatus 20 can be obtained from the following equation.
  • Xx X1 + ⁇ d (x)
  • Yy Y1 + ⁇ d (y)
  • the power supply process S1000 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • a power supply request is transmitted from the power receiving apparatus 20 (S1011).
  • the power supply apparatus 10 receives the power supply request from the power receiving apparatus 20, the power supply apparatus 10 transmits a transmission request for the position location signal 600 (S1021, S1022), and waits for a predetermined time to receive the position location signal 600 (S1023).
  • the power supply apparatus 10 When the power supply apparatus 10 cannot receive the position location signal 600 within a predetermined time (when time-out occurs) (S1023: YES), the power supply apparatus 10 adds 1 to the error count a (S1051).
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines whether or not the error count a exceeds the allowable number (the allowable number set in advance for the error count a) (S1052), and when the error count a exceeds the allowable number (S1052). : NO), the standby of the position location signal 600 from the power receiving device 20 is stopped. In addition, when power supply to the power receiving device 20 is started in the process of S1033 described later, the power supply device 10 stops the power supply.
  • the power receiving device 20 requests the power supply. After transmitting (S1011), the power receiving device 20 may be moved to a place away from the power feeding device 10.
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 When receiving the transmission request (S1012), the power receiving apparatus 20 transmits the position location signal 600 (S1013).
  • the power feeding apparatus 10 When the power feeding apparatus 10 receives the position location signal 600 from the power receiving apparatus 20 within a predetermined time (S1023: NO, S1024), the power feeding apparatus 10 resets the error count a (S1025) and uses the received position location signal 600 to receive the power receiving apparatus 20. Is located (S1026).
  • the power receiving device 20 stores data associating the current position of the determined power receiving device 20 with the current time as a movement history.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines whether or not the power reception apparatus 20 currently exists in the power supply area based on the current position of the power reception apparatus 20 acquired in S1026 (S1027).
  • the power supply apparatus 10 obtains the distance between itself and the power receiving apparatus 20 based on the current position of the power receiving apparatus 20 acquired in S1026, and the transmission efficiency when transmitting power to the power receiving apparatus 20 from the obtained distance.
  • Find ⁇ For example, the power supply apparatus 10 calculates the transmission efficiency ⁇ from the following equation based on a multiplication value S of a coupling coefficient (k) between the power supply apparatus 10 and the power receiving apparatus 20 (k is determined according to the distance) and a Q value.
  • k a coupling coefficient
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 After receiving the position location signal 600 (S1013), the power receiving apparatus 20 generates the required power P, and transmits the required power information 1200 in which the generated required power P is set to the power feeding apparatus 10 (S1014).
  • the power receiving device 20 generates the required power P based on the current power consumption of the power receiving device 20, for example. Thereafter, the power receiving device 20 waits for a predetermined time to receive the criterion information 170 from the power supply device 10.
  • FIG. 12 shows the data structure of the required power information 1200 transmitted by the power receiving device 20.
  • the required power information 1200 includes information corresponding to each item of the power receiving apparatus ID 1211, the required power 1212, and the frequency 1213.
  • the power receiving device ID 1211 is set with an identifier (power receiving device ID) assigned to each of the power receiving devices 20.
  • the required power P is set as the required power 1212.
  • a channel a frequency of the supplied power (for example, a resonance frequency) used when the power receiving apparatus 20 receives power is set.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 when the power supply apparatus 10 receives the required power information 1200 (S1029), it generates determination criterion information 170 and transmits it to the power receiving apparatus 20 (S1400 in FIG. 11. This is referred to as information transmission processing S1400).
  • FIG. 13 shows the data structure of the criterion information 170.
  • the criterion information 170 includes information corresponding to the items of the power supply device ID 171, the required power criterion 172, the transmission efficiency criterion 173, the movement history criterion 174, and the circuit utilization factor criterion 175. Including.
  • the power supply apparatus ID 171 is set with the identifier of the power supply apparatus 10 that generated the determination criterion information 170 (hereinafter referred to as a power supply apparatus ID).
  • a determination criterion based on the required power P set in the required power 1212 of the required power information 1200 transmitted by the power receiving device 20 is set.
  • a determination criterion based on the movement history of the power receiving device 20 is set in the movement history determination criterion 174.
  • circuit utilization rate determination criterion 175 a determination criterion based on the utilization rate r of the electric circuit 3 is set.
  • FIG. 14 shows details of the criterion information transmission process S1400 of FIG.
  • the criterion information transmission process S1400 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the required power P / ( ⁇ ) (where ⁇ is a margin) is preset based on the required power P and the transmission efficiency ⁇ obtained in S1028. It is determined whether the threshold value is exceeded (S1431).
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines “On” is set in the required power determination criterion 172 of the criterion information 170 (S1432). Thereafter, the process proceeds to S1435.
  • a preset threshold for example, the maximum allowable value set according to the power supply capability of the power supply apparatus 10.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 sets “off” in the required power determination criterion 172 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1433). . Thereafter, the process proceeds to S1435.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines whether or not the transmission efficiency ⁇ obtained in S1028 is within an allowable range. Specifically, the power supply apparatus 10 adds a predetermined ratio (for example, an error that occurs when calculating the distance between the power supply apparatus 10 and the power receiving apparatus 20 to the transmission efficiency ⁇ obtained in S1028, the power consumption measurement circuit 24 It is determined whether or not the transmission efficiency ⁇ is within an allowable range by comparing a value obtained by multiplying a ratio determined based on measurement accuracy, atmospheric pressure, temperature, or the like) with a preset threshold value.
  • a predetermined ratio for example, an error that occurs when calculating the distance between the power supply apparatus 10 and the power receiving apparatus 20
  • the power consumption measurement circuit 24 It is determined whether or not the transmission efficiency ⁇ is within an allowable range by comparing a value obtained by multiplying a ratio determined based on measurement accuracy, atmospheric pressure, temperature, or the like
  • the power supply apparatus 10 sets “ON” in the transmission efficiency determination criterion 173 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1436). Thereafter, the process proceeds to S1439.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 sets “off” in the transmission efficiency determination criterion 173 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1437). Thereafter, the process proceeds to S1439.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines whether or not the power receiving apparatus 20 may move. Specifically, for example, the power supply apparatus 10 refers to the movement history of the power receiving apparatus 20 in a predetermined period, and determines whether or not the movement distance of the power receiving apparatus 20 in the predetermined period is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold. It is determined whether or not 20 may move.
  • the process proceeds to S1440.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines that the power receiving apparatus 20 is not likely to move (S1439: NO)
  • the power supply apparatus 10 sets “on” in the movement history determination criterion 174 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1441). After that, it progresses to S1443.
  • the power supply apparatus 20 determines whether or not the power receiving apparatus 20 is always within its own power supply area during the power supply period. For example, the power supply device 10 predicts a range in which the power receiving device 20 exists from the present to a predetermined time later based on the movement history of the power receiving device 20 (for example, this prediction is performed using a filter process such as a Kalman filter). It is determined whether or not the power receiving apparatus 20 is always in its own power supply area during the power supply period by checking whether or not the predicted existence range is within its own power supply area.
  • the power supply device 10 sets “on” in the movement history determination criterion 174 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1441). ). After that, it progresses to S1443.
  • the power supply device 10 sets “OFF” in the movement history determination criterion 174 of the determination criterion information 170. Set (S1442). After that, it progresses to S1443.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines whether or not the power supply apparatus 10 can supply power to the power reception apparatus 20 based on the utilization rate r of the electric circuit 3 that is supplied with power from the distribution board 2. Specifically, when the power supply apparatus 10 performs power supply corresponding to the required power P, whether or not the current value flowing through the electric circuit 3 exceeds the maximum suppliable current value, that is, the electric circuit 3 is overloaded. It is determined whether or not the power receiving apparatus 20 can be powered by checking whether or not As the current value used for power supply corresponding to the required power P used in the above determination, for example, a value considering the transmission efficiency ⁇ and the margin amount ⁇ is used.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 determines that it can supply power to the power receiving apparatus 20 (S1443: YES)
  • the power supply apparatus 10 sets “ON” in the circuit utilization rate determination criterion 175 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1444). Thereafter, the process proceeds to S1446.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 sets “off” in the circuit utilization rate determination criterion 175 of the determination criterion information 170 (S1445). . Thereafter, the process proceeds to S1446.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 transmits the determination criterion information 170 whose contents are set as described above to the power receiving apparatus 20.
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 registers (appends) the determination criterion information 170 received during reception standby in the determination criterion information management table 250.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of the criterion information management table 250. As shown in the figure, each time the power receiving apparatus 20 receives the judgment criterion information 170 from the power supply apparatus 10, the power receiving apparatus 20 registers (appends) the received judgment criterion information 170 in the judgment criterion information management table 250.
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 selects the power supply apparatus 10 to which the power receiving apparatus 20 receives power supply based on the determination criterion information management table 250 (S1016). Specifically, the power receiving apparatus 20 has the determination criterion information 170 (record) registered in the determination criterion information management table 250 among those whose circuit utilization rate determination criterion 175 is set to “ON”. The record in which “ON” is set most frequently is selected, and the power supply apparatus 10 corresponding to the power supply apparatus ID of the record is selected as the power supply apparatus 10 that receives power supply.
  • the power receiving device 20 When the power receiving device 20 selects the power feeding device 10 that receives power, the power receiving device 20 transmits a power feeding start request 160 (S1017).
  • FIG. 16 shows a data structure of the power supply start request 160 transmitted by the power receiving device 20.
  • the power feeding start request 160 includes information corresponding to each item of the power receiving device ID 161 and the power feeding device ID 162.
  • the power receiving device ID 161 is set with the power receiving device ID of the power receiving device 20 that has transmitted the power supply start request 160.
  • the power feeding device ID 162 is set with the power feeding device ID of the power feeding device 10 selected in S1016.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 checks whether or not the power supply apparatus ID is set in the power supply apparatus ID 162 of the power supply start request 160 (S1032).
  • the power supply device ID is set to the power supply device ID 162 (S1032: YES)
  • the power supply device 10 starts power supply to the power receiving device 20. Thereafter, the process returns to S1021.
  • a power feeding device ID other than itself is set in the power feeding device ID 162 (S1232: NO)
  • the processing returns to S1021.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 monitors in real time the reception of the power supply end request from the power receiving apparatus 20 (S1034).
  • the power supply end request is received (S1034: YES)
  • the power supply to the power receiving apparatus 20 is ended.
  • the power receiving device 20 transmits a power supply end request when, for example, an operation input for ending power supply is performed on the input device 28 of the power receiving device 20.
  • the power receiving device 20 selects the power feeding device 10 that receives power based on the criterion information 170 generated by each of the power feeding devices 10. Therefore, the power receiving apparatus 20 can select an appropriate power supply apparatus 10 for receiving power itself based on the criterion information 170.
  • the power receiving apparatus 20 can select an appropriate power supply apparatus 10 to receive power supply based on the determination criterion information 170. .
  • the power feeding device 10 acquires the accurate current position of the power receiving device 20 based on the position locating function and obtains the transmission efficiency ⁇ based on this, so that the power receiving device 20 is suitable for receiving power itself. Can be selected.
  • the power supply apparatus 10 since the power supply apparatus 10 generates the determination criterion information 170 based on the determination criterion generated by the power supply apparatus 10 based on its movement history, the power receiving apparatus 20 is appropriate for receiving power supply based on the determination criterion information 170.
  • the power supply device 10 can be selected.
  • the power supply device 10 since the power supply device 10 generates the determination criterion information 170 based on the utilization rate r of the electric circuit to which the power supply device 10 is supplied, the power receiving device 20 receives power supply based on the determination criterion information 170. Therefore, it is possible to select an appropriate power supply device 10.
  • the position determination signal 600 is transmitted from the power receiving device 20 and the power feeding device 10 receives the signal to determine the position of the power receiving device 20 on the power feeding device 10 side.
  • the position determination signal 600 may be transmitted from the power supply apparatus 10, and the power receiving apparatus 20 may receive the position determination signal and perform the position determination on the power receiving apparatus 20 side.

Abstract

【課題】非接触給電において、給電装置を適切に選択して受電装置に給電が行われるようにする。 【解決手段】受電装置20は、複数の給電装置10に、自身が給電を要求する電力である要求電力を送信し、給電装置10は、受電装置20から要求電力を受信すると、受信した要求電力に基づき、受電装置20が給電装置10を選択する際の判断基準として用いる情報である判断基準情報170を生成し、生成した判断基準情報170を受電装置20に送信し、受電装置20は、判断基準情報170を受信し、判断基準情報170に基づき自身が給電を受ける給電装置10を選択し、選択した給電装置10に給電開始要求を送信し、給電装置10は、給電開始要求を受信すると受電装置20への給電を開始する。

Description

非接触給電システム、給電装置、受電装置、及び非接触給電システムの制御方法
 この発明は、非接触給電システム、給電装置、受電装置、及び非接触給電システムの制御方法に関し、とくに給電装置を適切に選択して受電装置に給電が行われるようにするための技術に関する。
 特許文献1には、ワイヤレス給電装置から送出される電界、磁界、電磁界のいずれかを含む電力信号を受信するための受信コイルと、受信コイルに接続され、その内部の各スイッチのオン、オフ状態が、第1状態と第2状態で切りかえ可能に構成されたブリッジ回路と、給電装置から送出される、第1状態と第2状態の切りかえの周波数情報および位相情報の少なくとも一方を含む制御信号を受信する受信機と、ブリッジ回路の第1状態と第2状態を、制御信号に応じて切りかえる制御部とを備えるワイヤレス受電装置が記載されている。
 特許文献2には、電気エネルギーを動力源として利用する機器に搭載された受電側アンテナと、給電側アンテナから受電側アンテナへ共振周波数に合わせるように交流電力を給電側アンテナに供給する交流電力ドライバとを備え、上記機器が給電側アンテナの給電可能エリア内に進入したことを検出した場合に電力供給を開始する非接触給電システムが記載されている。
特開2011-244684号公報 特開2011-234565号公報
 昨今、無線電力伝送により給電を行う非接触給電に関する技術が注目されており、総務省においても、2015~2020年を目標として、電化製品のワイヤレス化に向けた検討が進められている。このため、今後は非接触給電に対応した電化製品(受電装置)が急速に普及し、これらの受電装置に対して給電を行うための給電装置が家庭や企業等の各所に設けられることが予想される。
 ここでハンドオーバーなどを目的として複数の給電装置が隣接して配置される場合には、隣接する給電装置の夫々が給電可能な範囲(以下、給電エリアと称する。)が給電エリアの境界付近などにおいて重複する場合が想定される。このため、受電装置が重複する給電エリア内に存在する場合には、受電装置の状況や給電装置の状況に応じて、給電装置を適切に選択して受電装置に給電が行われるようにするための仕組みが必要となる。
 本発明はこのような背景に鑑みてなされたもので、給電装置を適切に選択して受電装置に給電が行われるようにすることが可能な、非接触給電システム、給電装置、受電装置、及び非接触給電システムの制御方法を提供することを目的とする。
 上記目的を達成するための本発明のうちの一つは、受電装置と、前記受電装置に対して給電を行う複数の給電装置とを含んで構成される非接触給電システムであって、前記受電装置は、前記給電装置に自身が給電を要求する電力である要求電力を送信し、前記給電装置は、前記受電装置から前記要求電力を受信すると、受信した前記要求電力に基づき、前記受電装置が前記給電装置を選択する際の判断基準として用いる情報である判断基準情報を生成し、生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信し、前記受電装置は、前記判断基準情報を受信し、前記判断基準情報に基づき自身が給電を受ける前記給電装置を選択し、選択した前記給電装置に給電開始要求を送信し、前記給電装置は、前記給電開始要求を受信すると前記受電装置への給電を開始する。
 本発明によれば、受電装置が、給電装置の夫々が要求電力に基づき生成する判断基準情報に基づき給電を受ける給電装置を選択するので、給電装置を適切に選択して受電装置に給電が行われるようにすることができる。
 本発明のうちの他の一つは、上記非接触給電システムであって、前記受電装置の現在位置を取得する位置情報提供装置と通信可能に接続し、前記給電装置は、前記位置情報提供装置から前記受電装置の現在位置を取得し、取得した前記現在位置に基づき、自身から前記受電装置までの間の距離を求め、求めた距離に対応する、前記受電装置に電力を送信する際の伝送効率を求め、受信した前記要求電力と求めた前記伝送効率とに基づき前記判断基準情報を生成し、生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信する。
 本発明によれば、給電装置は、受電装置に電力を送信する際の伝送効率を求め、求めた伝送効率と、要求電力とに基づき判断基準情報を生成するので、受電装置は、要求電力及び伝送効率に基づき給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置を選択することができる。
 本発明のうちの他の一つは、上記非接触給電システムであって、前記位置情報提供装置は、前記受電装置から送信されてくる無線信号である位置標定信号を受信する、互いに隣接して配置された複数のアンテナを有し、受信した前記位置標定信号の位相差に基づき、自身からみた前記受電装置が存在する方向αを求め、求めた前記方向αに基づき当該受電装置の現在位置を求める。
 本発明によれば、受電装置の現在位置を正確に取得することができるので、給電装置は受電装置に電力を送信する際の伝送効率を正確に求めることができ、受電装置は給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置を選択して給電を受けることができる。
 本発明のうちの他の一つは、上記非接触給電システムであって、前記給電装置は、前記伝送効率が予め設定された閾値を超えているか否かを判断し、前記判断の結果に基づき前記判断基準情報を生成し、前記受電装置は、前記生成した判断基準情報に基づき前記給電装置の選択を行う。
 本発明によれば、受電装置は、伝送効率が閾値を超えているか否かに基づき給電装置を選択することができるので、受電装置は給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置を選択して給電を受けることができる。
 本発明のうちの他の一つは、上記非接触給電システムであって、前記給電装置は、前記位置情報提供装置から取得した前記受電装置の現在位置に基づく前記受電装置の移動履歴を記憶し、前記移動履歴に基づき前記判断基準情報を生成し、前記受電装置は、前記生成した判断基準情報に基づき前記給電装置の選択を行う。
 本発明によれば、受電装置は、自身の移動履歴に基づき給電装置が生成した判断基準に基づき給電を受ける給電装置を選択するので、受電装置は給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置を選択して給電を受けることができる。
 その他、本願が開示する課題、及びその解決方法は、発明を実施するための形態の欄、及び図面により明らかにされる。
 本発明によれば、給電装置を適切に選択して受電装置に給電が行われるようにすることができる。
非接触給電システム1の構成を示す図である。 給電装置10のハードウエア構成を示す図である。 給電装置10が備える主な機能を示す図である。 受電装置20のハードウエア構成を示す図である。 受電装置20が備える主な機能を示す図である。 位置標定信号600の構成を示す図である。 給電装置10と受電装置20との位置関係(高さ及び距離を示す変数のとり方)を説明する図である。 給電装置10のアンテナ群142と受電装置20の関係を示す図である。 給電装置10と受電装置20の位置関係(高さ、距離、角度を示す変数のとり方)を示す図である。 給電処理S1000を説明するフローチャートである。 給電処理S1000を説明するフローチャートである。 要求電力情報1200のデータ構造を示す図である。 判断基準情報170のデータ構造を示す図である。 判断基準情報送信処理S1400の詳細を説明するフローチャートである。 判断基準情報管理テーブル250の一例を示す図である。 給電開始要求160のデータ構造を示す図である。
 以下、発明を実施するための形態について図面とともに説明する。
 図1に本実施形態として説明する非接触給電システム1の概略的な構成を示している。同図に示すように、非接触給電システム1は、一つ以上の受電装置20、及び受電装置20に対して非接触給電を行う複数の給電装置10(1)、10(2)、10(3)・・・を含む。同図に示すように、各給電装置10(1)、10(2)、10(3)・・・には、配電線等の電気回路3(1)、3(2)、3(3)・・・を通じて商用電力系統等に接続された分電盤2から駆動電力が供給される。
 受電装置20は、例えば、携帯電話機、携帯情報端末、小型家電機器、電気自動車等である。給電装置10は、受電装置20が利用される環境(受電装置20の利用者が出入りする室内、受電装置20の利用者が通行する屋外等)に設けられる。
 図2に給電装置10のハードウエア構成を示している。同図に示すように、給電装置10は、電源装置11、給電電力供給回路12、給電素子13、位置情報提供装置14、通信回路15、中央処理装置16、記憶装置17、入力装置18、表示装置19、及び計時回路51を備える。尚、位置情報提供装置14は、給電装置10と一体的に構成されていてもよいし、給電装置10とは別体に設けられていてもよい。
 電源装置11は、例えば、スイッチング方式やリニア方式の電源であり、給電装置10の構成要素を駆動するための電力を供給する。
 給電電力供給回路12は、ドライバ回路(ゲートドライバ、ハーフブリッジドライバ等)を含み、電源装置11から供給される電力に基づき、給電素子13に供給する所定周波数の駆動電流を生成する。
 給電素子13は、受電装置20に給電電力を供給するための磁界、電界、もしくは電磁界を発生する。例えば、上記非接触給電が磁界方式(磁界結合方式、磁気共鳴方式)で行われる場合、給電素子13はコイル等の誘導性素子である。また例えば上記非接触給電が電界方式(電界結合方式、電界共鳴方式)で行われる場合、給電素子13はコンデンサ等の容量性素子である。また例えば上記非接触給電が電磁波方式で行われる場合、給電素子13はアンテナである。
 位置情報提供装置14は、切替スイッチ141及びアンテナ群142を備えており、後述する位置標定に用いる無線信号(以下、位置標定信号600と称する。)を受電装置20から受信する。
 通信回路15は、受電装置20、他の給電装置10、分電盤2(もしくは分電盤2に設けられたスマートメータ)との間で、通信手段(無線LAN(LAN:Local Area Network)、規格IEEE 802.15.1による無線通信、規格IEEE 802.15.4による無線通信、IrDA(Infrared Data Association)、電力線通信(PLC:Power Line Communication)等)を介して、有線通信もしくは無線通信を行う。尚、給電装置10と受電装置20との間の通信は、給電信号を変調(Modulation)することにより、即ち伝達する情報を給電信号に含ませることにより行ってもよい。
 中央処理装置16は、CPUやMPUなどを用いて構成されており、給電装置10の統括的な制御を行う。記憶装置17は、RAM、ROM、NVRAM等を用いて構成されており、プログラムやデータを記憶する。入力装置18は、例えば、タッチパネルやテンキー等であり、ユーザの操作入力に応じてデータの入力を受け付ける。表示装置19は、液晶パネルや有機ELパネル等である。計時回路51は、例えば、RTC(Real Time Clock)を用いて構成されており、現在日時等の日時情報(タイムスタンプ)を生成する。
 図3に給電装置10が備える主な機能を示している。同図に示すように、給電装置10は、受電装置位置標定部181、移動履歴記憶部182、伝送効率算出部183、電気回路利用率取得部184、要求電力情報受信部185、判断基準情報生成部186、判断基準情報送信部187、給電開始要求受信部188、給電開始処理部189、及び給電エリア記憶部190を備える。尚、これらの機能は、給電装置10のハードウエアによって、もしくは、給電装置10の中央処理装置14が、記憶装置15に格納されているプログラムを読み出して実行することにより実現される。
 このうち受電装置位置標定部181は、位置情報提供装置14から受電装置20の現在位置を取得する。尚、位置情報提供装置14の詳細については後述する。
 移動履歴記憶部182は、位置情報提供装置14から取得した受電装置20の現在位置に基づく受電装置20の移動履歴を記憶する。移動履歴記憶部182は、受電装置20の移動履歴を、例えば、二次元座標系で表される受電装置20の位置情報とその位置情報が取得された時刻とを対応づけたデータとして記憶する。
 伝送効率算出部183は、受電装置位置標定部181が取得した受電装置20の現在位置に基づき当該給電装置10から受電装置20までの間の距離を求め、求めた距離に基づき受電装置20に電力を送信する際の伝送効率ηを求める。
 電気回路利用率取得部184は、給電装置10が接続されている各電気回路3(1)、3(2)・・・の利用率r(1)、r(2)・・・を取得する。利用率rは、例えば、最大供給可能電流値(安全率を加味した電流値)に対する、その電気回路3を現在流れている電流値の割合で表される。尚、電気回路利用率取得部184は、例えば、同じ電気回路3に接続している他の電気製品(他の給電装置10を含む)との間で夫々が現在消費している電流値を情報交換することにより、各電気回路3(1)、3(2)・・・の利用率r(1)、r(2)・・・を取得する。また電気回路利用率取得部184は、例えば、前述した通信手段を介して分電盤2(もしくは分電盤2に設けられたスマートメータ等)と通信し、分電盤2(もしくは分電盤2に設けられたスマートメータ等)から各電気回路3(1)、3(2)・・・の利用率r(1)、r(2)・・・を取得する。
 要求電力情報受信部185は、受電装置20から送信されてくる、後述する要求電力情報1200を受信する。
 判断基準情報生成部186は、受電装置20が給電装置10を選択する際の判断基準として用いる情報(以下、判断基準情報170と称する。)を生成する。判断基準情報170の詳細については後述する。
 判断基準情報送信部187は、判断基準情報生成部186が生成した判断基準情報170を受電装置20に送信する。
 給電開始要求受信部188は、受電装置20から送信されてくる給電開始要求を受信する。
 給電開始処理部189は、給電開始要求受信部188が給電開始要求を受信すると、受電装置20への非接触給電を開始する。
 給電エリア記憶部190は、給電エリアを特定する情報(以下、給電エリア情報と称する。)を記憶する。給電エリア情報は、例えば、二次元座標系で表される。
 図4に受電装置20のハードウエア構成を示している。同図に示すように、受電装置20は、起電力発生回路21、負荷22、位置標定信号送信装置23、消費電力計測回路24、通信回路25、中央処理装置26、記憶装置27、入力装置28、表示装置29、及び蓄電装置30を備える。
 起電力発生回路21は、受電側コイル等の受電素子211を用いて構成される。起電力発生回路21には、給電装置10から送られてくる磁界、電界、もしくは電磁界によって起電力が発生する。起電力発生回路21に発生した起電力は、受電装置20が備えるハードウエアの駆動電力や蓄電装置30の充電電力として利用される。
 負荷22は、例えば受電装置20が電化製品である場合、利用者に対して当該電化製品が提供するサービスの実現に寄与するハードウエアであり、例えば受電装置20が携帯電話機であれば負荷22は携帯電話機の通話機能を実現するハードウエア(受信回路、送信回路等)である。
 位置標定信号送信装置23は、後述する位置標定信号600の送信回路と位置標定信号600を送信するアンテナ231とを含む。
 消費電力計測回路24は、受電装置20のハードウエアの現在の消費電力を計測する。消費電力には、例えば、中央処理装置26や通信回路25の駆動電力、負荷22の駆動電力、蓄電装置30を充電電力等が含まれる。
 通信回路25は、給電装置10との間での、通信手段(無線LAN、規格IEEE 802.15.1による無線通信、規格IEEE 802.15.4による無線通信、IrDA等)を介した無線通信を実現する回路である。
 中央処理装置26は、CPUやMPUなどを用いて構成されており、受電装置20の統括的な制御を行う。記憶装置27は、RAM、ROM、NVRAM等を用いて構成されており、プログラムやデータを記憶する。入力装置28は、キーボードやタッチパネル等である。表示装置29は液晶パネル等である。
 蓄電装置30は、二次電池(リチウムイオン電池、リチウムポリマー電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池等)や容量素子(電気二重層コンデンサ等)などの蓄電池と、起電力発生回路21に発生した起電力に基づく電流を蓄電池に供給するための整流回路、平滑回路、DC/ACコンバータ、DC/DCコンバータなどの給電回路を含む。尚、受電装置20は、必ずしも蓄電装置30を備えていなくてもよい。例えば、受電装置20は、起電力発生回路21に発生した起電力に基づく電流を負荷22に直接供給するように構成されていてもよい。
 図5に受電装置20が備える主な機能を示している。同図に示すように、受電装置20は、位置標定信号送信部231、要求電力情報送信部232、判断基準情報受信部233、給電装置選択部234、及び給電開始要求送信部235を備える。尚、これらの機能は、受電装置20のハードウエアによって、もしくは、受電装置20の中央処理装置26が、記憶装置27に格納されているプログラムを読み出して実行することにより実現される。
 このうち位置標定信号送信部231は、位置標定信号送信装置23を制御してアンテナ231から位置標定信号600を送信する。
 要求電力情報送信部232は、後述する要求電力情報1200を生成し、これを給電装置10に送信する。
 判断基準情報受信部233は、給電装置10から送信されてくる判断基準情報170を受信する。判断基準情報170の詳細については後述する。
 給電装置選択部234は、給電装置10から送信されてきた判断基準情報170に基づき、自身が給電を受ける給電装置10を選択する。
 給電開始要求送信部235は、給電装置選択部234が選択した給電装置10に給電開始要求を送信する。
 また同図に示すように、受電装置20は、判断基準情報管理テーブル250を記憶している。判断基準情報管理テーブル250の詳細については後述する。
<位置標定の仕組み>
 次に受電装置20の現在位置を標定する仕組みについて説明する。尚、以下の説明の前提として、受電装置20は、十分に短い時間間隔で繰り返し(例えば周期的に)、スペクトル拡散された無線信号からなる位置標定信号600をアンテナ231から送信するものとする。また給電装置10は、アンテナ群142を構成している複数のアンテナを十分に短い周期で切り換えながら、受電装置20から送られてくる位置標定信号600を受信するものとする。
 図6に位置標定信号600の構成を示している。同図に示すように、位置標定信号600には、制御信号611、測定信号612、及び端末情報613などの信号や情報が含まれる。
 このうち制御信号611は、変調波や各種の制御信号を含む。測定信号612は、数m秒程度の無変調波(例えば、給電装置10に対する受電装置20が存在する方向や給電装置10に対する受電装置20までの相対距離の検出に用いる信号(例えば2048チップの拡散符号))を含む。端末情報613は、受電装置20の夫々に割り当てられた識別子(受電装置ID)を含む。
 図7に給電装置10と受電装置20の位置関係(高さ及び距離を示す変数のとり方)を示している。この例では、受電装置20が平面Zから高さh(m)の位置に存在し、給電装置10が平面Zから高さH(m)の位置に固定されている。給電装置10の直下から受電装置20までの平面Z上の直線距離はL(m)である。
 図8に給電装置10のアンテナ群142と受電装置20の関係を示している。同図に示すように、この例では、アンテナ群142は、位置標定信号600の1波長以下の間隔(例えば、位置標定信号600が2.4GHz帯の電波である場合は1波長(12.5cm)以下の間隔)で平面的に略正方形状に等間隔で隣接して配置された4つの円偏波指向性アンテナ142a~142dで構成されている。
 同図において、アンテナ群142の高さ位置における水平方向とアンテナ群142に対する受電装置20の方向とのなす角をΦとすれば、これらの間には次の関係がある。
 Φ=arcTan(D(m)/L(m))=arcSin(ΔL(cm)/6(cm))
 尚、ΔL(cm)は、アンテナ群142を構成しているアンテナのうち、特定の2つのアンテナと受電装置20との間の伝搬路長差(経路差)である。
 ここで4つのアンテナ142a~142dのうち、特定の2つのアンテナ142で受信される位置標定信号600の位相差をΔθとすれば、次の関係がある。
 ΔL(cm)=Δθ/(2π/λ(cm))
 ここで例えば位置標定信号600が2.4GHz帯の電波(波長λ=12.5(cm))である場合は
 Φ=arcSin(Δθ/π)
 となり、測定可能範囲(-π/2<Δθ<π/2)においてΦ=Δθ(ラジアン)となり、位相差Δθから受電装置20が存在する方向Φを特定することができる。
 尚、図9に示すように、給電装置10のアンテナ群142の高さをH(m)、受電装置20の高さをh(m)、給電装置10の直下の平面Z上の位置を原点として平面Z上に直交座標(X、Y)を設定し、上記方向Φから求まる、給電装置10から受電装置20の方向とX軸とがなす角をΔΦ(x)、給電装置10から受電装置20の方向とY軸とがなす角をΔΦ(y)とすれば、原点に対する受電装置20の位置は次式から求めることができる。
 Δd(x)=(H-h)×Tan(ΔΦ(x))
 Δd(y)=(H-h)×Tan(ΔΦ(y))
 そして給電装置10から平面Zに下ろした垂線が平面Zと交わる点を原点(X1,Y1)とすれば、受電装置20の現在位置(Xx,Yy)は次式から求めることができる。
 Xx=X1+Δd(x)
 Yy=Y1+Δd(y)
 以上に説明した位置標定の方法については、例えば、特開2004-184078号公報、特開2005-351877号公報、特開2005-351878号公報、及び特開2006-23261号公報等に詳述されている。
<処理説明>
 次に、受電装置20が給電装置10から非接触給電を受ける際に、受電装置20と給電装置10との間で行われる処理(以下、給電処理S1000と称する。)について、図10及び図11に示すフローチャートとともに給電処理S1000について説明する。
 図10に示すように、まず受電装置20から給電要求が送信される(S1011)。給電装置10は、受電装置20から給電要求を受信すると、位置標定信号600の送信要求を送信し(S1021、S1022)、位置標定信号600の受信を所定時間待機する(S1023)。
 給電装置10は、所定時間内に位置標定信号600を受信できなかった場合(タイムアウトした場合)(S1023:YES)、給電装置10は、エラーカウントaに1を加える(S1051)。
 また給電装置10は、エラーカウントaが許容回数(エラーカウントaについて予め設定された許容回数)を超えているか否かを判断し(S1052)、エラーカウントaが許容回数を超えている場合(S1052:NO)、受電装置20からの位置標定信号600の待機を中止する。また後述するS1033の処理にて受電装置20に給電を開始している場合、給電装置10はその給電を停止する。
 尚、上記エラーカウントaが許容回数を超えるような場合、即ち受電装置20から位置標定信号600を受信できないケースとしては、受電装置20に何らかの障害が発生している場合、受電装置20が給電要求を送信(S1011)した後、受電装置20が給電装置10から離れた場所に移動した場合などがある。
 受電装置20は、上記送信要求を受信すると(S1012)、位置標定信号600を送信する(S1013)。
 給電装置10は、所定時間内に受電装置20から位置標定信号600を受信すると(S1023:NO、S1024)、エラーカウントaをリセットし(S1025)、受信した位置標定信号600を用いて受電装置20の現在位置を標定する(S1026)。尚、受電装置20は、標定した受電装置20の現在位置と現在時刻とを対応づけたデータを移動履歴として記憶する。
 給電装置10は、S1026で取得した受電装置20の現在位置に基づき、受電装置20が現在、給電エリア内に存在するか否かを判断する(S1027)。
 受電装置20が現在、給電エリア内に存在する場合は(S1027:YES)S1028に進む。一方、受電装置20が現在、給電エリア内に存在しない場合は(S1027:NO)給電処理S1000は終了する。
 S1028では、給電装置10は、S1026で取得した受電装置20の現在位置に基づき自身と受電装置20との間の距離を求め、求めた距離から、受電装置20に電力を送信する際の伝送効率ηを求める。例えば、給電装置10は、給電装置10と受電装置20との間の結合係数(k)(kは距離に応じて定まる)とQ値との乗算値Sに基づき、次式から伝送効率ηを求める。
 η=((1+S^2)^(1/2)×(S^2))/(((1+(1+S^2)^(1/2))×(S^2))+((1+(1+S^2)^(1/2))^2))
 一方、受電装置20は、位置標定信号600を送信(S1013)した後、要求電力Pを生成し、生成した要求電力Pを設定した要求電力情報1200を給電装置10に送信する(S1014)。尚、受電装置20は、例えば、受電装置20の現在の消費電力に基づき要求電力Pを生成する。その後、受電装置20は、給電装置10からの判断基準情報170の受信を所定時間待機する。
 図12に受電装置20が送信する要求電力情報1200のデータ構造を示している。同図に示すように、要求電力情報1200は、受電装置ID1211、要求電力1212、及び周波数1213の各項目に対応する情報を含む。
 このうち受電装置ID1211には、受電装置20の夫々に割り当てられている識別子(受電装置ID)が設定される。要求電力1212には、要求電力Pが設定される。周波数1213には、その受電装置20が給電を受ける際に使用するチャンネル(給電電力の周波数(例えば共振周波数))が設定される。
 図10に戻り、給電装置10は、要求電力情報1200を受信すると(S1029)、判断基準情報170を生成し、これを受電装置20に送信する(図11のS1400。この処理を以下、判断基準情報送信処理S1400と称する。)。
 図13に判断基準情報170のデータ構造を示している。同図に示すように、判断基準情報170は、給電装置ID171、要求電力判断基準172、伝送効率判断基準173、移動履歴判断基準174、及び回路利用率判断基準175の各項目に対応する情報を含む。
 このうち給電装置ID171には、当該判断基準情報170を生成した給電装置10の識別子(以下、給電装置IDと称する。)が設定される。
 要求電力判断基準172には、受電装置20が送信してきた要求電力情報1200の要求電力1212に設定されている要求電力Pに基づく判断基準が設定される。
 また伝送効率判断基準173には、伝送効率ηに基づく判断基準が設定される。
 また移動履歴判断基準174には、受電装置20の移動履歴に基づく判断基準が設定される。
 回路利用率判断基準175には、電気回路3の利用率rに基づく判断基準が設定される。
 図14に図11の判断基準情報送信処理S1400の詳細を示している。以下、同図とともに判断基準情報送信処理S1400について説明する。
 同図に示すように、まず給電装置10は、要求電力Pと、S1028で求めた伝送効率ηとに基づき、要求電力P/(η-α)(但しαは余裕量)が予め設定された閾値を超えているかを判断する(S1431)。
 要求電力P/(η-α)が予め設定された閾値(例えば、給電装置10の給電能力に応じて設定される最大許容値)以下である場合(S1431:YES)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の要求電力判断基準172に「オン」を設定する(S1432)。その後はS1435に進む。
 一方、要求電力P/(η-α)が上記閾値を超えている場合(S1431:NO)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の要求電力判断基準172に「オフ」を設定する(S1433)。その後はS1435に進む。
 S1435では、給電装置10は、S1028で求めた伝送効率ηが許容範囲内にあるか否かを判断する。具体的には、給電装置10は、S1028で求めた伝送効率ηに、所定の比率(例えば、給電装置10と受電装置20の間の距離を算出する際に生じる誤差、消費電力計測回路24の測定精度、気圧、又は気温等に基づき決定される比率)を乗算した値を予め設定された閾値と比較することにより、伝送効率ηが許容範囲内にあるか否かを判断する。
 伝送効率ηが許容範囲内にある場合(S1435:YES)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の伝送効率判断基準173に「オン」を設定する(S1436)。その後はS1439に進む。
 一方、伝送効率ηが許容範囲内にない場合(S1435:NO)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の伝送効率判断基準173に「オフ」を設定する(S1437)。その後はS1439に進む。
 S1439では、給電装置10は、受電装置20が移動する可能性があるか否かを判断する。具体的には、例えば、給電装置10は、所定期間における受電装置20の移動履歴を参照し、当該所定期間におけるその受電装置20の移動距離が所定の閾値以下であるか否かにより、受電装置20が移動する可能性があるか否かを判断する。
 給電装置10が、受電装置20が移動する可能性があると判断した場合は(S1439:YES)S1440に進む。一方、給電装置10は、受電装置20が移動する可能性がないと判断した場合(S1439:NO)、判断基準情報170の移動履歴判断基準174に「オン」を設定する(S1441)。その後はS1443に進む。
 S1440では、給電装置10は、自身が受電装置20に給電を行った際、その給電期間中、受電装置20が常に自身の給電エリア内にあるか否かを判断する。例えば給電装置10は、受電装置20の移動履歴に基づき、現在から所定時間後までに受電装置20が存在する範囲を予測し(例えば、この予測はカルマンフィルタ等のフィルタ処理を用いて行う。)、予測した存在範囲が、自身の給電エリア内であるか否かを調べることにより、給電期間中、受電装置20が常に自身の給電エリア内にあるか否かを判断する。
 給電期間中、受電装置20が常に自身の給電エリア内にあると判断した場合(S1440:YES)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の移動履歴判断基準174に「オン」を設定する(S1441)。その後はS1443に進む。
 一方、給電期間中、受電装置20が自身の給電エリア内にない場合があると判断した場合(S1440:NO)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の移動履歴判断基準174に「オフ」を設定する(S1442)。その後はS1443に進む。
 S1443では、給電装置10は、自身が分電盤2から電力供給を受けている電気回路3の利用率rに基づき、自身が受電装置20に給電を行うことができるか否かを判断する。具体的には、給電装置10は、要求電力Pに対応する給電を行った場合に、電気回路3を流れる電流値が最大供給可能電流値を超えるか否か、即ち、電気回路3が過負荷となるか否かを調べることにより、自身が受電装置20に給電を行うことができるか否かを判断する。尚、上記判断に際し用いる、要求電力Pに対応する給電に必要とされる電流値としては、例えば、伝送効率ηや余裕量αを考慮した値を用いる。
 自身が受電装置20に給電を行うことができると判断した場合(S1443:YES)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の回路利用率判断基準175に「オン」を設定する(S1444)。その後はS1446に進む。
 一方、自身が受電装置20に給電を行うことができないと判断した場合(S1443:NO)、給電装置10は、判断基準情報170の回路利用率判断基準175に「オフ」を設定する(S1445)。その後はS1446に進む。
 S1446では、給電装置10は、以上のようにして内容が設定された判断基準情報170を、受電装置20に送信する。
 図11に戻り、S1015では、受電装置20は、受信待機中に受信した判断基準情報170を判断基準情報管理テーブル250に登録(追記)する。
 図15に判断基準情報管理テーブル250の一例を示している。同図に示すように、受電装置20は、給電装置10から判断基準情報170を受信する度に、受信した判断基準情報170を判断基準情報管理テーブル250に登録(追記)していく。
 続いて受電装置20は、判断基準情報管理テーブル250に基づき自身が給電を受ける給電装置10を選択する(S1016)。具体的には、受電装置20は、判断基準情報管理テーブル250に登録されている判断基準情報170(レコード)のうち、回路利用率判断基準175に「オン」が設定されているものの中から、「オン」が最も多く設定されているレコードを選択し、そのレコードの給電装置IDに対応する給電装置10を、自身が給電を受ける給電装置10として選択する。
 受電装置20は、自身が給電を受ける給電装置10を選択すると、給電開始要求160を送信する(S1017)。
 図16に受電装置20が送信する給電開始要求160のデータ構造を示している。同図に示すように、給電開始要求160は、受電装置ID161、給電装置ID162の各項目に対応する情報を含む。このうち受電装置ID161には、当該給電開始要求160を送信した受電装置20の受電装置IDが設定される。また給電装置ID162には、S1016で選択した給電装置10の給電装置IDが設定される。
 給電装置10は、受電装置20から給電開始要求160を受信すると、給電開始要求160の給電装置ID162に自身に給電装置IDが設定されているか否かを調べる(S1032)。給電装置ID162に自身に給電装置IDが設定されている場合(S1032:YES)、給電装置10は、受電装置20に給電を開始する。その後はS1021に戻る。一方、給電装置ID162に自身以外の給電装置IDが設定されている場合は(S1232:NO)S1021の処理に戻る。
 給電装置10は、給電を開始した後、受電装置20からの給電終了要求の受信をリアルタイムに監視し(S1034)、給電終了要求を受信すると(S1034:YES)、受電装置20への給電を終了する。尚、受電装置20は、例えば、受電装置20の入力装置28に対して給電を終了させる操作入力が行われた場合に給電終了要求を送信する。
 以上に説明したように、本実施形態の非接触給電システム1にあっては、受電装置20が、給電装置10の夫々によって生成された判断基準情報170に基づき給電を受ける給電装置10を選択するので、受電装置20は、判断基準情報170に基づき自身が給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置10を選択することができる。
 また、給電装置10は、伝送効率ηに基づき判断基準情報170を生成するので、受電装置20は、判断基準情報170に基づき自身が給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置10を選択することができる。尚、給電装置10は、位置標定機能に基づき受電装置20の正確な現在位置を取得し、これに基づき伝送効率ηを求めるので、受電装置20は自身が給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置10を選択することができる。
 また、給電装置10は、自身の移動履歴に基づき給電装置10が生成した判断基準によって判断基準情報170を生成するので、受電装置20は、判断基準情報170に基づき自身が給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置10を選択することができる。
 また、給電装置10は、自身が駆動電力の供給を受けている電気回路の利用率rによって判断基準情報170を生成するので、受電装置20は、判断基準情報170に基づき自身が給電を受けるのに適切な給電装置10を選択することができる。
 以上、本発明の実施の形態について説明したが、以上の説明は、本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定するものではない。本発明は、その趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に、本発明にはその等価物が含まれることは勿論である。
 例えば、以上の説明では、受電装置20から位置標定信号600を送信し、給電装置10がこれを受信して、給電装置10側で受電装置20の位置標定を行うようにしているが、これとは逆に、給電装置10から位置標定信号600を送信し、受電装置20がこれを受信して、受電装置20側で位置標定を行うようにしてもよい。
1 非接触給電システム
10 給電装置
14 位置情報提供装置
20 受電装置
170 判断基準情報
171 給電装置ID
172 要求電力判断基準
173 伝送効率判断基準
174 移動履歴判断基準
175 回路利用率判断基準
181 受電装置位置標定部
182 移動履歴記憶部
183 伝送効率算出部
184 電気回路利用率取得部
234 給電装置選択部
250 判断基準情報管理テーブル

Claims (8)

  1.  受電装置と、
     前記受電装置に対して給電を行う複数の給電装置と
     を含んで構成される非接触給電システムであって、
     前記受電装置は、前記給電装置に自身が給電を要求する電力である要求電力を送信し、
     前記給電装置は、
     前記受電装置から前記要求電力を受信すると、受信した前記要求電力に基づき、前記受電装置が前記給電装置を選択する際の判断基準として用いる情報である判断基準情報を生成し、
     生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信し、
     前記受電装置は、
     前記判断基準情報を受信し、
     前記判断基準情報に基づき自身が給電を受ける前記給電装置を選択し、
     選択した前記給電装置に給電開始要求を送信し、
     前記給電装置は、前記給電開始要求を受信すると前記受電装置への給電を開始する
     ことを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
  2.  請求項1に記載の非接触給電システムであって、
     前記受電装置の現在位置を取得する位置情報提供装置と通信可能に接続し、
     前記給電装置は、
     前記位置情報提供装置から前記受電装置の現在位置を取得し、
     取得した前記現在位置に基づき、自身から前記受電装置までの間の距離を求め、
     求めた距離に対応する、前記受電装置に電力を送信する際の伝送効率を求め、
     受信した前記要求電力と求めた前記伝送効率とに基づき前記判断基準情報を生成し、
     生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信する
     ことを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
  3.  請求項2に記載の非接触給電システムであって、
     前記位置情報提供装置は、
     前記受電装置から送信されてくる無線信号である位置標定信号を受信する、互いに隣接して配置された複数のアンテナを有し、
     受信した前記位置標定信号の位相差に基づき、自身からみた前記受電装置が存在する方向αを求め、
     求めた前記方向αに基づき当該受電装置の現在位置を求める
     ことを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
  4.  請求項2又は3のいずれかに記載の非接触給電システムであって、
     前記給電装置は、
     前記伝送効率が予め設定された閾値を超えているか否かを判断し、
     前記判断の結果に基づき前記判断基準情報を生成し、
     前記受電装置は、前記生成した判断基準情報に基づき前記給電装置の選択を行う
     ことを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
  5.  請求項2乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の非接触給電システムであって、
     前記給電装置は、
     前記位置情報提供装置から取得した前記受電装置の現在位置に基づく前記受電装置の移動履歴を記憶し、
     前記移動履歴に基づき前記判断基準情報を生成し、
     前記受電装置は、前記生成した判断基準情報に基づき前記給電装置の選択を行う
     ことを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
  6.  請求項1に記載の非接触給電システムに用いる前記給電装置であって、 
     前記受電装置から前記要求電力を受信すると、受信した前記要求電力に基づき、前記受電装置が前記給電装置を選択する際の判断基準として用いる情報である判断基準情報を生成する機能と、
     生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信する機能と、
     前記給電開始要求を受信すると前記受電装置への給電を開始する機能と
     を備えることを特徴とする給電装置。
  7.  請求項2に記載の非接触給電システムに用いる前記給電装置であって、 
     前記位置情報提供装置から前記受電装置の現在位置を取得する機能と、
     取得した前記現在位置に基づき、自身から前記受電装置までの間の距離を求める機能と、
     求めた距離に対応する、前記受電装置に電力を送信する際の伝送効率を求める機能と、
     受信した前記要求電力と求めた前記伝送効率とに基づき前記判断基準情報を生成する機能と、
     生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信する機能と
     を備えることを特徴とする給電装置。
  8.  受電装置と、
     前記受電装置に対して給電を行う複数の給電装置と
     を含んで構成される非接触給電システムの制御方法であって、
     前記受電装置が、前記給電装置に自身が給電を要求する電力である要求電力を送信するステップと、
     前記給電装置が、
     前記受電装置から前記要求電力を受信すると、受信した前記要求電力に基づき、前記受電装置が前記給電装置を選択する際の判断基準として用いる情報である判断基準情報を生成するステップと、
     生成した前記判断基準情報を前記受電装置に送信するステップと、
     前記受電装置が、
     前記判断基準情報を受信するステップと、
     前記判断基準情報に基づき自身が給電を受ける前記給電装置を選択するステップと、
     選択した前記給電装置に給電開始要求を送信するステップと、
     前記給電装置が、前記給電開始要求を受信すると前記受電装置への給電を開始するステップと
     を含むことを特徴とする非接触給電システムの制御方法。
PCT/JP2012/055104 2012-02-29 2012-02-29 非接触給電システム、給電装置、受電装置、及び非接触給電システムの制御方法 WO2013128597A1 (ja)

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