WO2013127241A1 - 生产炸药的工艺流程 - Google Patents
生产炸药的工艺流程 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013127241A1 WO2013127241A1 PCT/CN2012/087543 CN2012087543W WO2013127241A1 WO 2013127241 A1 WO2013127241 A1 WO 2013127241A1 CN 2012087543 W CN2012087543 W CN 2012087543W WO 2013127241 A1 WO2013127241 A1 WO 2013127241A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
Definitions
- the invention belongs to a method for producing explosives, in particular to a process flow layout capable of producing both an emulsion explosive and a multi-explosive explosive to meet the specific conditions of different blasting sites.
- a very common method of controlling the rate of detonation is to control the density of explosives in the production process.
- a fixed explosive production line often only produced a single type of explosive, such as emulsion explosives, ammonium explosives, expanded ammonium nitrate explosives, or mobile ground stations could only produce emulsion explosives.
- the density value is fixed, the explosive detonation speed is fixed, and it is not possible to produce suitable explosives as the rock properties change.
- the water-containing blastholes dry blastholes, rock joints, rock unjoined, rock hard When the rock is soft, the explosive production capacity is extremely limited, and there is no suitable method and process to meet the needs of the blasting environment.
- the ammonium explosive when the ammonium explosive is not water-repellent, the mass consumption of the emulsion explosive is high, and the hardness coefficient of the rock changes, the production of the explosive type cannot be effectively replaced at any time. Due to the limitations of explosives, density, and unadjustable explosion speed, the blasting site cannot be met, the expected blasting effect can not be achieved, and the blasting cost can be increased. At the same time, it affects the safety of blasting, which in turn causes blasting accidents and secondary disasters, which seriously affects blasting efficiency and affects production capacity.
- the closest prior art is also a mobile ground station, which requires various equipment for producing emulsified substrates to be placed on a mobile ground station, and is melted and emulsified by steam heating by externally inputting the same raw materials of ammonium nitrate and oil.
- the milk process then transported to an on-site mixed truck and transported to the blasting site.
- the process has high energy consumption, low productivity, high cost, poor safety, unstable quality, high pollution, and extremely limited promotion.
- ammonium explosives are not waterproof and the density is not adjustable; such as emulsion explosives, high consumption, low production efficiency, very small density adjustment range, heavy ammonium sleeves Explosives have a limited proportion of porous ammonium nitrate, and the density is not adjustable. It is not suitable for variable blasting site rock conditions.
- the overall performance is in water holes, wet blastholes, dry holes, soft and hard rock, joint development, or filling explosives. In the case of different densities, the space selected is extremely limited, so the manufacturing cost is high and the blasting cost is high.
- the main raw material for the production of emulsion explosives is ammonium nitrate.
- ammonium nitrate For its transportation, it is dehydrated, granulated in the factory, produced in solid form, packaged and transported to the explosives manufacturer. The problem with this is:
- ammonium nitrate must consume energy from liquid to solid
- cerium nitrate When cerium nitrate is transported to the explosive production site, it changes from solid to liquid, and heating must consume energy;
- reference numeral 17 is a spacer
- reference numeral 15 is a material for the backfill section of the blasthole seal, such as slag.
- the existing spacer technology process is roughly as follows: Calculate the explosive consumption, select the fixed density explosive 16, and place the spacer 17 to separate the explosive 16 in the blasthole.
- the height of the blasthole is reduced, and the soft rock is used to raise the column. Or to overcome the blasting hazard caused by the high detonation speed, the section is detonated after the interval charge. Or in order to overcome the failure of the explosive at the bottom of the blasthole, or to make the charge difficult, it is often used to solve these difficulties.
- the air plug, the inner hanging bag, the PVC pipe, the bamboo plug, and the slag are used for spacing, although the forms are different, but the purpose is the same.
- the explosive unit consumption was usually a fixed value
- the explosive density was a fixed value
- the explosive detonation speed was a fixed value. Therefore, a spacer was used to increase the length of the syrup. Since the density of the explosive is fixed, in order to reduce the explosive consumption or improve the blasting effect, people usually change the explosive type.
- the range of explosives available for selection is very limited, and it is difficult to reduce the explosive consumption while ensuring the blasting effect.
- the range of use of the spacer is also limited. Many of the methods for filling the hole for reducing the consumption of explosives cannot use spacers for various reasons, such as the softness and hardness of the rock, the high water content, and the blasting purpose.
- the ammonium explosive is not waterproof.
- the spacer is used to separate the water and then the ammonium explosive is filled. Because the drilling operation has been carried out, the blasthole is formed, but the explosive is not actually filled, resulting in waste of perforation.
- the spacer is also used to separate water from the explosive by a spacer when the water content is below a certain height, such as 1-3 meters. Otherwise, when the ammonium explosive is filled, since the ammonium explosive is not waterproof, the wet hole or the hydrated hole may cause some explosives to fail, which affects the blasting efficiency and effect.
- the spacer is also used to separate the upper and lower medicines when the explosives in the blasthole are detonated. Therefore, under the premise of reducing the unit consumption of the explosive, the charging height is unchanged, and the explosive blasting range is unchanged. Since there are no multi-density explosives in the mine, only spacers can be selected to save the explosives. Reducing the consumption of explosives is the driving force of the enterprise, but the consumption of emulsion explosives is high and cannot be reduced. Therefore, spacers are used to increase the dosage of the explosives to reduce the consumption of explosives.
- the explosive energy of the explosive cannot uniformly act on the entire blasthole, which affects the bursting effect, and the construction process increases the process of placing the spacer, affecting the construction efficiency and increasing the cost.
- the role of the air spacer in the blasthole is to increase the blasting range of the charge cartridge, with no explosives at the spacer spacing. At the moment of explosive explosion, the explosion pressure is filled with the blasthole, which is equivalent to using the rest of the explosive to explode the rock in the interval part.
- spacers are used to space the explosives in the blastholes, resulting in higher costs, complicated processes, poor blasting efficiency, and low efficiency.
- the material sent to the substrate distribution station is an emulsified substrate maintained at a preset temperature, which is sent to the on-site filling station together with the sensitizer;
- the materials sent to the filling preparation station are emulsified matrix, porous ammonium nitrate, diesel, sensitizer, physical density modifier, which can be directly input from the outside or from the preparation station.
- the proportion of the components of the explosives production raw materials is matched according to the blasting design or according to the specific conditions of the blasting site.
- the emulsified substrate can be sent to the substrate distribution station in part, and a portion is sent to the field loading station along with the porous granule ammonium nitrate, diesel oil, sensitizer, and physical density adjuster.
- the substrate transported to the loading preparation station is divided into two parts because a portion can be supplemented to the substrate distribution station to cope with the blending required for the latter substrate.
- the loading preparation station accepts the materials input by the preparation workstation, only the substrate is maintained at a preset temperature, and the sensitizer, the physical density adjuster, the porous granular ammonium nitrate, and the diesel oil are temporarily stored and assembled at the station. To match the preparation of different types of explosives.
- the combination of all materials in the filling preparation station can meet the needs of any blasting environment; the substrate insulation can achieve low viscosity pumping and also ensure the filling quality; the combination of these materials, in dry holes, wet blastholes, rocks High hardness, When the hardness is low, the joints of the rock are developed and the joints are not joint, the corresponding supply of explosive materials is guaranteed.
- This overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art in which the variety of explosive materials is limited. While ensuring the blasting effect, the problem that the ammonium frying agent is not waterproof and the production cost of the emulsion explosive is high is overcome. Reduced blasting costs and increased production efficiency.
- the on-site filling station comprises a supervision unit, a filling unit, and a testing unit; when the substrate and the sensitizer are input to the on-site filling station, after being screened and recorded by the supervision unit, the unit is sent to the filling unit.
- the substrate is maintained at a preset temperature range, and is immersed in the blasthole together with the sensitizer to mix, complete the sensitization reaction, and generate an emulsion explosive. At this time, if a detonator and a detonating bomb are present, the detonation may occur.
- the perfusion unit injects the matrix and the sensitizer together into the blasthole, and may have a sampling procedure, that is, the mixed matrix and the sensitizer mixed sample are tested for density and detonation velocity, and tested by a preset value. If it is qualified, the mixture will continue to be filled into the blasthole. If it is not qualified, the amount of sensitizing liquid mixed or the concentration of the sensitizer will be adjusted, and then the input of the above material of the priming unit will be started.
- the on-site filling station comprises a supervision unit, a filling unit, and a test unit; when the substrate, the sensitizer, the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel oil, and the physical density adjuster are input to the field loading station, After being screened and recorded by the regulatory unit, it is sent to the filling unit to maintain the substrate within the preset temperature range, together with the sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel oil, physical density adjuster, according to the components set by the loading preparation station. Proportion, stir into a mixture, infuse into the blasthole, complete the sensitization reaction, and generate the explosive of the preset density value. At this time, if there is a detonator and a detonating bomb, it can be detonated.
- the blasting site needs to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art that the bulk explosives cannot be effectively supervised and the production of multi-explosive explosives cannot be effectively realized.
- the infusion unit mixes the matrix, the sensitizer, the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel, and the physical density adjuster
- a sampling procedure that is, extracting the mixture sample to detect its density and detonation velocity, and testing with the preset value. If it is qualified, the mixture is continuously filled into the blasthole. If it is unqualified, the filling preparation is adjusted.
- the proportion of the matrix, sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel, physical density adjuster in the station and then start to enter the above materials into the field loading station.
- the infusion unit is a perfusion unit, which is a perfusion tool with a thermal insulation device for blasting the site, and the emulsion matrix and the sensitizer are respectively dropped or squeezed into the blasthole through different feeding pipes. .
- the emulsion explosive is directly filled, and the explosive energy is high. It is suitable for any small-diameter blasthole charge and hard rock charge, and can effectively discharge the inside of the blasthole.
- the accumulated water is suitable for all underground mines and municipal engineering constructions. It overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art that only the detonator sensitivity package explosives can be selected, the danger level is lowered, the blasting effect is good, and the explosive cost is greatly reduced.
- the infusion unit is a perfusion unit 2, which is a perfusion tool for a blasting site with a substrate insulation device, which mixes the matrix, the sensitizer, the porous granular cerium nitrate, the diesel oil, and the physical density adjuster. , drip or squeeze into the blasthole.
- the delivery station comprises an emulsion matrix input unit, a storage unit, a heat preservation unit, a pumping unit, an output loading unit, a sensitizer unit; an emulsification matrix required for explosive production is described by
- the input unit is sent to the delivery station, temporarily stored in the storage unit, and the pumping unit is activated according to the progress of the explosive consumption, and the emulsified substrate is sent from the storage unit to the output loading unit, and the same
- the sensitizer produced by the chemical unit is transported to the blasting site for loading operation.
- the storage unit is heated or insulated by the thermal insulation unit.
- the solution can use the hot water circulation heating system to solve the problem of matrix insulation, keep the emulsion matrix within the preset temperature range, and the heat retained by the matrix directly enters the output filling unit to achieve stable shipping and filling, thereby ensuring the quality of the explosive. stable. It is embodied in seven aspects, namely:
- the emulsified substrate is sent from the input unit to the delivery station in any of the following three ways:
- the pump is connected to the storage unit to pump the emulsified substrate into the storage unit;
- the input unit has a heating or holding container in which the emulsification matrix is contained, and after the input unit enters the delivery station, the heating or The insulated container is completely unloaded, placed in the distribution station, converted into a storage unit, and then connected to the heat preservation unit and the pumping unit by pipes;
- the input unit enters the distribution station, and after stopping, it is converted into a storage unit, and is connected to the insulation unit and the pumping unit by pipes.
- the solution can realize the rapid and convenient transfer of the emulsified substrate, that is, solve the problem of the insulation of the substrate, and realize the quick filling in the blast hole.
- the substrate input unit is a transport vehicle with a heating or holding container that maintains the emulsified substrate contained therein at a preset temperature;
- the storage unit includes at least one container with a heat insulating device, The contained emulsified matrix is maintained at a preset temperature.
- the heat of the emulsified substrate is not lost, that is, the problem that the emulsified substrate increases the viscosity due to the temperature decrease, and the stable blasting field filling can be realized, and the low carbon environmental protection can be realized.
- the pumping unit is a suitable pumping device such as a screw pump, a plunger pump or a diaphragm pump, powered by an air compressor, an electric motor, or a hydraulic device.
- the solution solves the problem of substrate back-transport due to the stable realization of stable transmission and transfer of the emulsion matrix, and the power source is simple, convenient and adaptable.
- the thermal insulation unit comprises a heating device, a heat exchange conduit circulation system, and a heat insulating material, the circulation system and the heat insulating material being distributed around the periphery of the storage unit to maintain the emulsion matrix therein within a preset temperature range.
- the solution maintains a relatively high temperature by utilizing the heat in the matrix manufacturing process, and solves the problem of unstable pumping and pumping in a low temperature environment, so that the quality of the explosive is stable and reliable.
- the storage unit, all pumping devices, the circulation system, and the heat insulating material are disposed in the same closed space. Since the solution integrates multiple functional modules into one, it can try to reduce the impact of environmental factors, ensuring stable pumping and easy to use.
- the output loading unit is a transporting vehicle 2 with a heating or holding container, and the transporting vehicle 2 is loaded with an emulsified substrate holding the preset temperature, and together with the sensitizer, to the explosive loading site.
- the entire emulsion matrix delivery station is mobile and has a power device itself to move between different regions;
- the emulsification matrix delivery station only includes a storage unit, a thermal insulation unit, a pumping unit, and a sensitizer unit, wherein the storage unit also serves as an emulsification matrix input unit; or
- the entire emulsified matrix distribution station is assembled for each unit, without its own power device, and is dragged by the vehicle in whole or in part, and quickly assembled after moving between different regions;
- the emulsified matrix delivery station includes an emulsion matrix input unit, a storage unit, All of the thermal insulation unit, the pumping unit, the output charging unit, and the sensitizer unit; or,
- the entire emulsifying matrix distribution station which is a ground fixture, is established between different blasting sites or matrix production facilities according to the distance specified by the regulations, and supplies the matrix required for various explosives at the blasting site;
- the emulsified matrix distribution station includes emulsification The matrix input unit, the storage unit, the thermal insulation unit, the pumping unit, the output loading unit, and the sensitizer unit.
- the explosives factory of Class 1.1 dangerous goods grade will be converted into a 5.1-stage strong oxidant dangerous grade explosive preparation station, and all raw materials will be loaded into the gun. Kong became a finished product of explosives.
- the preparation workstation includes raw material storage and transportation unit, raw material storage and transportation unit, water phase preparation unit, oil phase preparation unit, matrix preparation and transportation unit, mixing Loading and conveying unit, additive unit;
- the raw material 1 and the raw material 2 are transported from the outside to the preparation station, wherein the raw material is sent to the raw material storage unit, and then the aqueous phase is formed by the aqueous phase preparation unit, together with the oil phase.
- the oil phase produced by the preparation unit is sent to the substrate preparation and transport unit to form a matrix, and the substrate is sent to the external substrate distribution station, and the other portion is sent to the mixing and conveying unit;
- the mixing and conveying unit After the mixing and conveying unit receives the substrate, the raw material 2 from the raw material storage and transportation unit is received, and the additive from the additive unit is received, and the three are separately stored, insulated, and mixed together.
- the loading and conveying unit is sent to the outside of the preparation station.
- the above scheme is mainly used for heavy emulsion explosives, density-adjustable heavy emulsion explosives, low-density emulsion explosives, ultra-low-density emulsion explosives, heavy ammonium explosives, density-adjustable heavy ammonium explosives, porous granular ammonium explosives, and density.
- the manufacture of any of the nine products, such as porous granular ammonium explosives and pure emulsion explosives, can be selected.
- This design compared with the traditional technology, simplifies many process links, reduces costs, improves manufacturing efficiency, saves energy and reduces emissions, and achieves low carbon environmental protection. Also, because there are fewer links, the probability of accidental burning and explosion is reduced, and Increased the level of safety.
- the raw material has at least a temperature of 100 130 ° C, a concentration of 70% 95% liquid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate, etc.
- the agents are respectively input to the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the raw materials one are set to avoid sunlight and shelter from rain;
- the raw material storage and transportation unit is an insulated transport vehicle or an insulated storage facility; or
- the raw material storage and transportation unit is an insulated transport vehicle and an insulated storage facility, and the raw material is sent to the thermal storage storage facility through the insulated transport vehicle, and is prepared for use in the water phase;
- the insulated transport vehicle or the thermal storage facility of the raw material 1 is provided with a device for heating the raw material and a steam cleaning device.
- the raw material is at least one of solid ammonium nitrate or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, and a flame-damping agent is added to the preparation station;
- the storage facility of the raw material one is arranged to avoid sunlight and shelter from rain;
- the raw material storage and storage unit comprises a storage facility and a crushing facility, and the solid ammonium nitrate and the other oxidant are broken into particles, and the water phase is prepared for use. .
- the reason for retaining a part of the solid raw material is to adjust the concentration of the oxidizing salt aqueous solution in the next step, and to prevent the liquid raw material from being introduced in an alternative manner. Insulation and protection from light are necessary to maintain the required temperature.
- the raw material has at least a temperature of 100 to 130 t; a concentration of 70% to 95% of liquid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, respectively Entering the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the raw material one are set to avoid sunlight and shelter from the rain;
- the raw material storage and transportation unit is an insulated transport vehicle or an insulated storage facility; or
- the raw material storage and transportation unit is an insulated transport vehicle and an insulated storage facility, and the raw material is sent to the thermal storage facility via the insulated transport vehicle, and is prepared for use in the water phase;
- the insulated transport vehicle or the insulated storage facility of the raw material 1 is provided with a device for heating the raw material and a steam cleaning device.
- the raw material is at least one of solid ammonium nitrate or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, and is separately input into the preparation station;
- the facility is arranged to avoid sunlight and shelter from rain;
- the raw material storage unit comprises a storage facility and a crushing facility, and the solid ammonium nitrate and the other oxidant are broken into particles, and are prepared for use in the aqueous phase.
- the aqueous phase preparation unit comprises the following steps:
- the oxidant salt aqueous solution is an aqueous phase, which is heated and stored by hot water or steam, and stored for use.
- the storage facility of the aqueous phase is set to avoid sunlight and rain.
- Residual liquid recovery is based on raw material conservation, energy saving and emission reduction.
- the explosive chemical production industry has long had the technical ability to recycle, filter and recycle, but this technology has not been introduced in the prior art process.
- Insulation storage the purpose is also to reduce the link, so as to directly enter the next process, avoiding the part that is cooled and reheated.
- the purpose of avoiding light, hot water or steam heating is to strengthen the control of temperature.
- the oil phase preparation unit comprises the following steps:
- the oil material is metered and controlled to prepare an oil phase
- the oil phase is sent to the storage and maintained at 55 ° C ⁇ 90 ° C with hot water or steam, and the storage facilities of the oil phase are set to avoid sunlight and rain.
- the purpose is also to reduce the link, so as to directly enter the next process, avoiding the part that is cooled and reheated.
- the substrate preparation and delivery unit comprises a matrix preparation unit and a substrate delivery unit, comprising the steps of: a. in the matrix preparation unit, the oil phase and the aqueous phase, through an insulated pipe and a pump, Metered control and preset The composition ratio is emulsified in an emulsifier at a set temperature and pressure to form a latex matrix; b. one of the latex matrix transport destinations:
- the latex matrix does not pass through Directly inputting the substrate to the substrate transport unit, and sending the unit to the substrate delivery station outside the preparation station;
- the latex matrix must also be sent to the second:
- the latex matrix is directly input into the mixing and conveying unit without passing through the memory;
- the memory of the substrate, the substrate transport unit, the substrate preparation unit, the mixing and transport unit are all set to protect against sunlight and rain.
- the substrate transport unit can be embodied as an insulated delivery vehicle, and the storage can be embodied as an insulated container.
- the purpose is to save the heat generated during the preparation and transportation, and to generate as little heat as possible, and also to make the fluid, or half.
- the fluid matrix goes directly to the next process, such as blasting site modulation from a few kilometers to hundreds of kilometers away, and the hole filling does not require energy and processes to change the shape. The remaining advantages are the same as above.
- the additive from the additive unit received by the mixing and conveying unit is a predetermined proportion of clavicle sleeves and sensitizers stored separately from each other, or a predetermined ratio and stored separately from each other. Diesel, sensitizer and physical density modifier; the containers of the additives are arranged to protect against sunlight and rain.
- a mixing and conveying unit such as a mixed truck, such as several kilometers to several In the blasting site 100 kilometers away
- the latex matrix belongs to the strong oxidant of 5.1 grade.
- the safety level of diesel, sensitizer and density regulator is not high. It belongs to general chemicals, far less than the general chemical. Any kind of finished explosives, which are stored separately in different containers in the car, are very suitable for transportation, so the safety factor will naturally be higher.
- the raw material 2 is porous granular ammonium nitrate; in the raw material storage and transportation unit, the porous granular ammonium nitrate is input from the outside of the preparation station, is stored, and is sent to the mixing and conveying unit; the container 2 of the raw material 2 is transported.
- the unit is set to protect against sunlight and rain.
- the raw material 2 is porous granular ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent in the finished explosive.
- the raw material storage and transportation unit, the aqueous phase preparation unit, the oil phase preparation unit, the substrate preparation and transportation unit, the mixing and conveying unit, and other preparation workstations And equipment for accommodating firewood The parts of the liquid (fluid or semi-fluid) other than the oil and the sensitizer are subjected to heat preservation and heat-reinforcing measures by heating the device uniformly or separately to the water, the liquid material, the water phase, the oil phase, and the substrate to the preset. Value, for pipes, pumps, vessels, or valves covered with hot water or steam circulation insulation, or, hot water or steam circulation ring sandwich/set.
- Warming and replenishment are carried out both inside and outside the workstation, with the aim of reducing the number of links and costs so that they can go directly to the next process and avoid being reheated after being cooled.
- the liquid ammonium nitrate input from the outside is 120 ° C, and the concentration is 88% to 94%. This value comes from the best range of trial and error.
- the temperature of liquid ammonium nitrate from the factory to the preparation station is about 120 °C; the concentration is also the above value, and this concentration is suitable for the preparation of the water phase. .
- the purpose of this design is to maintain the temperature required for the next explosive production step at the lowest cost.
- the liquid material of the liquid ammonium nitrate, the substrate, the diesel oil, the water phase, the oil phase, and the sensitizer is transferred by pumping, wherein the substrate is a screw pump, a diaphragm pump, or a column. Plug pump; the solid ammonium nitrate, physical density modifier, and porous granular ammonium nitrate are transferred by a screw feeder. This eliminates labor, automates loading, and improves efficiency. The efficiency of material transfer between units is increased, which in turn increases the capacity and efficiency of explosives.
- the entire preparation workstation is mobile, and has a power device for moving between different regions and quickly entering a working state; or
- the entire preparation workstation is assembled for the unit, without its own power device, dragged by the vehicle, quickly assembled and put into operation after moving between different regions; or,
- the entire preparation station is a fixed object, which is built between the detonation sites in different regions, and produces and distributes various explosive semi-finished products and/or raw materials for the detonation site.
- a preparation workstation for producing explosives comprising a raw material storage unit, an aqueous phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a matrix preparation and delivery unit, a mixing and conveying unit, and an additive unit;
- the raw material is transported from the outside to the preparation station, wherein the raw material is sent to the raw material storage unit, and then the aqueous phase preparation unit generates an aqueous phase, together with the oil phase preparation unit.
- the resulting oil phase is transported to the substrate preparation and transport unit to form a matrix, a portion of which is sent to an external substrate distribution station and another portion to the mixing and transport unit;
- the mixing and conveying unit After receiving the substrate, the mixing and conveying unit receives the additive from the additive unit, and the two are separately stored and stored in thermal storage, and are sent together by the mixing and conveying unit to the outside of the preparation station, such as blasting. Live, then mix Loading into the blast hole becomes explosive.
- a plurality of density explosives are loaded into the plurality of blastholes at the blasting site, for example, a predetermined density of explosives may be filled in the blasting holes, and the blasting guns may be filled. Hole space, cancel the spacer, reserve a certain length of the seal backfill at the outermost end of the blasthole.
- the blasthole is backfilled and sealed.
- the density of the explosives is pre-set differently, which leads to different detonation speeds, which in turn leads to the required and different blasting effects.
- Different presets for the density of the explosives are embodied in various explosives of different densities, which are generally referred to as multi-density explosives in the present invention.
- the explosive consumption of the explosive remains unchanged, and the length of the charge increases, so the explosive energy can be uniformly applied to the blasthole, thereby achieving the purpose of improving efficiency, simplifying the process, optimizing the blasting effect, and reducing the mining cost.
- multi-density explosives are used. Because they contain physical density modifiers, they do not participate in explosive chemical reactions, which is equivalent to differentiating the gaps in the prior art and evenly distributing them in explosives. In the middle, a continuous drug column is formed, that is, a multi-density explosive, and the detonation energy can uniformly act on the blasthole, and the blasting effect is obviously better.
- the charging efficiency is improved, the process is simpler, and the cost is lower.
- the density of explosives in the blasthole can be adjusted instantly, and the detonation velocity can be adjusted to achieve a fully coupled charge; this also results in the explosive energy fully acting on the rock, reducing the cost of perforation.
- multi-density explosives also eliminates the need for a spacer charging process, which saves costs and increases efficiency. Since the spacers are not necessary, they can be banned, which not only saves various forms of spacers, such as bamboo buckets, or PVC buckets, slag, gas plugs, and hanging bags, but also eliminates the existence of spacers in use. All kinds of drawbacks.
- the process of filling the blasthole with multi-density explosives allows the design of the lowest backfill height.
- the height of the hole backfill is 20-35
- the diameter of the blasthole is preferably 20-23 times, which can effectively overcome the large-scale gravel after the blasting of the backfill section of the orifice while ensuring the blasting effect.
- Explosive unit consumption refers to the explosive consumption per cubic meter of rock or per ton of rock, in units of kg/m3 or kg/t. Since there is no spacer, the multi-density explosive is uniformly filled in the blasthole, and the shock wave uniformly acts on the rock of the blasthole wall when the explosive is detonated. By then fully coupling the charge, the rock can be broken better. Since the height of the backfilling is reduced, the problem of large gravel in the orifice can be effectively overcome, the amount of secondary crushing can be reduced, and the optimization of the pore network parameters can further reduce the unit consumption of the explosive.
- FIG. 1 is a full view of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a full view of the substrate delivery station in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which the heating/insulation container can be completely removed and placed into a distribution station and converted into a storage unit;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the substrate input unit entering the distribution station after being stopped and converted into a storage unit; Preparing the workstation master map;
- FIG. 6 is an embodiment in which the raw material in the raw material storage unit is embodied as an oxidant such as liquid ammonium nitrate
- FIG. 7 is an embodiment in which the raw material in the raw material storage unit is embodied as an oxidant such as solid ammonium nitrate
- Figure 8 is an embodiment of an aqueous phase preparation unit
- Figure 9 is an embodiment of an oil phase preparation unit
- Figure 10 is an embodiment of a raw material storage and transportation unit
- Figure 11 is an embodiment of a combination of a substrate preparation and transport unit, a mixing and transport unit;
- Figure 11-2 is another embodiment of a matrix preparation unit in a matrix preparation and delivery unit
- Figure 12 is one of the preferred embodiments
- Figure B is a general view of a preparation workstation for producing only emulsion explosives according to the present invention.
- Figure 14 is a comparison diagram of the filling method of the blasthole of the present invention.
- the process for producing explosives includes on-site filling stations, loading preparation stations, preparation and distribution systems; the preparation and distribution system includes preparation stations and substrate distribution stations, as shown in Figure 1, in the dotted line, the on-site loading station, ie The site where the blasthole is filled with explosives.
- the details are as follows: Prepare the materials shipped from the workstation and send them to the loading preparation station and the substrate distribution station respectively;
- the material sent to the substrate distribution station is an emulsified substrate maintained at a preset temperature, which is sent to the on-site filling station together with the sensitizer;
- the materials sent to the filling preparation station are emulsified matrix, porous ammonium nitrate, diesel, sensitizer, physical density modifier, which can be directly input from the outside or from the preparation station.
- the proportion of the components of the explosives production raw materials is matched according to the blasting design or according to the specific conditions of the blasting site.
- the emulsified substrate may be sent to a substrate distribution station, and a portion thereof is supplied to the field loading with a porous material such as ammonium nitrate, diesel, sensitizer, and physical density adjuster through a transportation vehicle such as an on-site mixed vehicle. station.
- Embodiment 1 after the loading preparation station receives the materials input by the preparation workstation, only the substrate is maintained at a preset temperature, and the sensitizer, the physical density adjuster, the porous granular ammonium nitrate, and the diesel oil are temporarily stored and assembled in the station. To match the preparation of different types of explosives.
- the on-site filling station comprises a supervision unit, a perfusion unit, and a test unit; when the substrate and the sensitizer are input to the on-site filling station, after being screened and recorded by the supervision unit, sent to the perfusion unit, The substrate is maintained at a preset temperature range, and is immersed in the blasthole together with the sensitizer to mix, complete the sensitization reaction, and generate an emulsion explosive. At this time, if a detonator and a detonating bomb are present, the detonation may occur.
- the perfusion unit injects the matrix and the sensitizer together into the blasthole, and may have a sampling procedure, that is, the mixed matrix and the sensitizer mixed sample are tested for density and detonation velocity, and tested by a preset value. If it is qualified, the mixture will continue to be filled into the blasthole. If it is not qualified, the amount of sensitizing liquid mixed or the concentration of the sensitizer will be adjusted, and then the input of the above material of the priming unit will be started.
- the field loading station comprises a supervision unit, a filling unit, and a testing unit; when the substrate, the sensitizer, the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel oil, and the physical density adjuster are input to the field loading station, After being screened and recorded by the regulatory unit, it is sent to the filling unit to maintain the substrate within the preset temperature range, together with the sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel oil, physical density adjuster, according to the components set by the loading preparation station. Proportion, stir into a mixture, infuse into the blasthole, complete the sensitization reaction, and generate the explosive of the preset density value. At this time, if there is a detonator and a detonating bomb, it can be detonated.
- the filling unit mixes the matrix, the sensitizer, the porous granular ammonium nitrate, the diesel oil, the physical density adjuster, and before injecting into the blasthole, and may have a sampling procedure, that is, extracting the mixture sample to detect the density and the detonation velocity. Test with the preset value. If it is qualified, continue to fill the mixture with the blast hole. If it fails, adjust the proportion of the matrix, sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel oil, physical density adjuster in the loading preparation station. Then start to enter the site loading station The above materials.
- the pouring unit is a filling unit, which is a pouring tool with a heat insulating device for blasting the site, and the emulsified substrate and the sensitizer are respectively passed through different feeds.
- the tube is dripped or squeezed into the blasthole.
- It is a kind of on-site mixing equipment with the functions of heat preservation and filling. It can be expressed as open-pit mine on-site mixing equipment and special-purpose vehicles, tunnel engineering on-site mixed equipment and special vehicles, portable on-site mixed equipment, underground mine on-site mixing. Optional one or combination of equipment and special vehicles, or multiple detonation on-site mixed vehicles.
- the emulsion matrix and sensitizer are loaded into the blasthole through the drug delivery tube.
- the pouring unit is a filling unit 2, which is a perfusion tool for a blasting site with a substrate heat insulating device, a substrate, a sensitizer, and a porous granular ammonium nitrate.
- a filling unit 2 which is a perfusion tool for a blasting site with a substrate heat insulating device, a substrate, a sensitizer, and a porous granular ammonium nitrate.
- the diesel oil and the physical density adjuster drip or squeeze into the blasthole.
- it is also a kind of on-site mixing equipment, which has the functions of heat preservation and filling. It can be expressed as open-pit mine on-site mixing equipment and special vehicles, tunnel engineering on-site mixed equipment and special vehicles, portable on-site mixing equipment, underground mine site. Optional one or combination of mixed equipment and special vehicles, or multiple detonation on-site mixed vehicles.
- the mixing device or the mixing device in the vehicle is started.
- the matrix, sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel oil, and physical density adjuster are stirred according to the proportion of the components determined by the loading station to form a mixture and sent to the blasthole.
- the delivery station includes an emulsion matrix input unit, a storage unit, a heat retention unit, a pumping unit, an output loading unit, and a sensitizer unit; an emulsion matrix required for explosive production is sent to the delivery by the input unit Standing in the storage unit, the pumping unit is activated according to the progress of the explosive consumption, and the emulsification substrate is sent from the storage unit to the output loading unit, together with the sensitization generated by the sensitizer unit.
- the agent is transported to the blasting site to carry out the filling operation;
- the storage unit is heated or insulated by the thermal insulation unit.
- the emulsified substrate is sent from the input unit to the delivery station in any of the following three ways: 1. After the input unit enters the delivery station, the pump is connected to the storage unit to pump the emulsified substrate into the storage unit; The input unit has a heating or heat preservation container in which the emulsification substrate is placed. After the input unit enters the delivery station, the heating or heat preservation container is completely unloaded and placed in the distribution station, converted into a storage unit, and then connected by a pipe. Insulation unit and pumping unit.
- the input unit is represented by a tank truck 1 , as shown in Fig. 3, which has a heating/insulation container, that is, a tank 2, in which the emulsified substrate is contained, and after the input unit enters the delivery station, the tank 2 is completely removed, Lifting into the delivery station, as shown in the large arrow 3 in Figure 3, the tank can be moved to a storage unit, and then connected to the insulation by pipes.
- the input unit enters the distribution station. After stopping, it is converted into a storage unit and connected to the insulation unit and the pumping unit by pipes.
- the input unit such as the tank truck 1 enters the distribution station, is turned into a storage unit in the direction indicated by the large arrow 8, and is connected to the thermal insulation unit 4 and the pumping unit 5 through the pipeline.
- the substrate input unit is a transport vehicle with a heating or holding container, and the emulsified substrate contained therein is maintained at a preset temperature, such as a tank car 1, a tank 2 and a vehicle body thereon. It can be separated or integrated; the storage unit contains at least one container with a heat preservation device. The emulsified matrix it contains is maintained at a preset temperature.
- the pumping unit 5 is a suitable device such as a screw pump, a plunger pump or a diaphragm pump, and is powered by an air compressor, an electric motor, or a hydraulic device.
- the heat preservation unit 4 includes a water heating device 6, a heat exchange pipe circulation system 7, and a heat insulating material, the circulation system 7 and the heat insulating material are distributed around the periphery of the storage unit, and heated to maintain the emulsion matrix therein. Set within the temperature range.
- the storage unit, the entire pumping device, the circulation system, and the heat insulating material are all disposed in the same closed space, and the personnel are imported and exported, and are not open-air.
- Embodiment 6 The output loading unit is a transport vehicle 2 with a heating or heat preservation container, which can be represented as a trolley 8 as shown in FIG. 3, and the transport vehicle 2 is loaded with an emulsion matrix maintained at a preset temperature, together with the sensitizer. , drive to the explosive filling site.
- a heating or heat preservation container which can be represented as a trolley 8 as shown in FIG. 3, and the transport vehicle 2 is loaded with an emulsion matrix maintained at a preset temperature, together with the sensitizer. , drive to the explosive filling site.
- Embodiment 7 The entire emulsified substrate delivery station is mobile, and has a power device for moving between different regions; the emulsified substrate delivery station includes only a storage unit, a thermal insulation unit, a pumping unit, and a sensitizer unit.
- the storage unit also serves as an emulsion matrix input unit.
- the output of the emulsified matrix and sensitizer is delivered by a trolley from the blasting site or
- the entire emulsified matrix distribution station is assembled for each unit, without its own power device, and is dragged by the vehicle in whole or in part, and quickly assembled after moving between different regions;
- the emulsified matrix delivery station includes an emulsion matrix input unit, a storage unit, All of the insulation unit, pumping unit, output loading unit, and sensitizer unit.
- the entire emulsifying matrix distribution station which is a ground fixture, is established between different blasting sites or matrix production facilities according to the distance specified by the regulations, and supplies the matrix required for various explosives at the blasting site;
- the emulsified matrix distribution station includes emulsification The matrix input unit, the storage unit, the thermal insulation unit, the pumping unit, the output loading unit, and the sensitizer unit.
- the entire substrate distribution station can be equipped with air compressors, hydraulic stations, or explosion-proof motors for power supply, boilers for hot water heating, lightning protection grounding systems, fire protection systems, and information processing systems for input and output of substrates. Conduct information control.
- air compressors for power supply
- boilers for hot water heating
- lightning protection grounding systems for fire protection systems
- information processing systems for input and output of substrates.
- Conduct information control In terms of the above preparation workstations away from the blasting site:
- the preparation station includes a raw material storage and transportation unit 9, a raw material storage and transportation unit 13, a water phase preparation unit 10, and an oil phase preparation.
- Unit 11 matrix preparation and transport unit 12, mixing and transport unit, additive unit.
- the raw material 1 and the raw material 2 are transported from the outside to the preparation station, wherein the raw material is sent to the raw material storage and transportation unit 9, and then the aqueous phase is generated by the aqueous phase preparation unit 10, together with the oil phase generated by the oil phase preparation unit 11,
- the substrate is transported to the substrate preparation and transport unit 12 to form a substrate, a portion of which is sent to an external substrate dispensing station and the other portion to a mixing and transport unit.
- the mixing and conveying unit After the mixing and conveying unit receives the substrate, the raw material 2 from the raw material storage and transportation unit 13 is received, and the additive from the additive unit is received, and the three are separately stored and insulated, and are mixed and transported to the outside of the preparation station. .
- FIG. 5 is a general view of a preparation workstation for producing explosives according to the present invention.
- a preparation workstation for producing explosives There are two kinds of raw materials for the production of explosives.
- One is a mixture of oxides such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and sodium perchlorate, and the other is often porous granular ammonium nitrate. They are transported from the factory to the workstations and then enter the different units. Of course, there are other raw materials that are shipped in, as they are not the creative of this patent, so they are not mentioned.
- This design simplifies the process of unpacking, solid material crushing, dissolving, heating, cooling, and packaging compared to conventional technologies, saving energy and reducing costs. Also, due to the lack of many links, the product shipped out of the preparation station is not a finished product of explosives, only an oxidant of class 5.1; the sensitization process after being transported to the blasting site begins, and it is also convenient to load in the blasthole in the blasting site; Only in the blasthole of the construction blasting site, all the processes are completed, and the finished explosives that can be detonated by the detonator and the detonating bomb are completed. This reduces the probability of accidental burning and explosion in transportation, storage, and process flow, which greatly increases the level of intrinsic safety.
- each embodiment is embodied as follows:
- FIG. 6 is an example in which the raw material in the raw material-storage unit 9 is embodied as an oxidizing agent such as liquid ammonium nitrate.
- the raw material has at least a temperature of 100 to 130 ⁇ , a concentration of 70% to 95% of liquid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, and a flame-retardant agent, such as a coal mine.
- the medicinal anti-flame agent sodium chloride is separately input into the preparation station; the storage facilities of the raw materials are set to avoid sunlight and rain;
- the raw material storage and transportation unit 9 is an insulated transport vehicle or an insulated storage facility; or
- the raw material storage and transportation unit 9 is an insulated transport vehicle and an insulated storage facility.
- the raw materials are sent to the thermal storage facility after being transported to the thermal storage facility for use in the preparation of the aqueous phase;
- the raw material of the insulated transport vehicle or the insulated storage facility with a heating device and a steam cleaning device.
- Directly feeding the raw material such as hot liquid ammonium nitrate eliminates the step of dissolving the solid from the solid into a liquid, and also eliminates the packaging, unpacking, and handling of the solid raw material. Due to the fact that it has a certain amount of heat, it saves a considerable part of the energy and materials for the temperature increase required for the preparation of the next aqueous phase.
- the second example is an example in which the raw material in the raw material-storage unit 9 is embodied as an oxidant such as solid ammonium nitrate.
- the raw material has at least one solid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, and a flame-retardant agent, such as a coal mine-used explosive anti-flame agent sodium chloride, respectively Input preparation workstation;
- Raw material one storage facilities are set to avoid sunlight and shelter from rain;
- Raw material one storage and transportation unit 9 contains storage facilities and crushing facilities, solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are broken into particles, and then prepared for use in the aqueous phase.
- the reason for retaining a portion of the solid ammonium nitrate introduction preparation station is to consider the next step in the adjustment of the concentration of the oxidizer brine solution or when the supply of liquid material is interrupted.
- the raw material has at least a temperature of 100 ⁇ 130'C, a concentration of 70% ⁇ 95% liquid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of an oxidant such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, and is input separately.
- the raw material storage and transportation unit 9 is an insulated transport vehicle or an insulated storage facility; or
- the raw material storage and transportation unit 9 is an insulated transport vehicle and an insulated storage facility.
- the raw materials are sent to the thermal storage facility after being transported to the thermal storage facility for use in the preparation of the aqueous phase;
- the raw material of the insulated transport vehicle or the insulated storage facility with a heating device and a steam cleaning device.
- the raw material is at least one of solid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate, and is separately input into the preparation station; the storage facilities of the raw materials are all set to avoid the sunlight. And the rain-proof; the raw material-storage unit 9 includes a storage facility and a crushing facility. After the solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are broken into particles, the aqueous phase is prepared for use.
- an oxidizing agent such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate
- Example 5 is an embodiment of the aqueous phase preparation unit 10.
- the aqueous phase preparation unit 10 comprises the following steps: a. For ammonium nitrate, or other oxidizing agent, after metering control, adding water, heating with hot water or steam to a preset temperature, stirring, accompanied by concentration adjustment;
- the oxidant brine solution is the water phase. It is heat-preserved by hot water or steam, stored and used. The storage facility of the water phase is set to avoid sunlight and rain.
- the diatomaceous earth coarse filtration fine filtration technology and device can be used to filter and remove the impurities of the aqueous phase solution, and the waste water and the washed ammonium nitrate can be recovered by the oxidizing agent aqueous solution preparation technology to achieve zero discharge. Residual liquid recovery is based on raw material conservation, energy saving and emission reduction, and containment of environmental pollution. At the same time, the explosive chemical production industry has long had the technical ability to recycle, filter and recycle, but it has not been introduced in the existing technical field. . Insulation storage, the purpose is also to reduce the link, so as to directly enter the next process, without having to wait for cooling and then reheat.
- Example 6 is an embodiment of the oil phase preparation unit 11, comprising the following steps - a. Hydrogen, such as paraffin, paraffin oil, white oil, microcrystalline wax, composite wax, and the like, and an emulsifier Melting, heating, or measuring the emulsifier-containing composite oil phase by melting and heating to obtain an oil phase;
- Hydrogen such as paraffin, paraffin oil, white oil, microcrystalline wax, composite wax, and the like
- emulsifier Melting, heating, or measuring the emulsifier-containing composite oil phase by melting and heating to obtain an oil phase
- the oil phase is sent to the storage and maintained at 55 °C ⁇ 90'C with hot water or steam.
- the storage system of the oil phase is set to avoid sunlight and rain.
- Heating or storing in hot water or steam the purpose is also to reduce the link with low carbon and low emission, so as to go directly to the next process without having to cool and reheat.
- Example 7, Figure 11 is an embodiment of a combination of a matrix preparation and delivery unit 12, a mixing and delivery unit.
- the memory 14 entering the matrix preparation unit 12a is represented by the smallest two dashed boxes in FIG. 11, and is kept warm, waiting for input to the substrate conveying unit 12b with the heat insulating device, which can be expressed as a matrix delivery vehicle, and then through the delivery vehicle.
- the latex matrix is directly fed into the substrate delivery vehicle without the storage 14 and is sent to the outside of the preparation station via the delivery vehicle, such as a blasting site or a substrate delivery station, tens or hundreds of kilometers away;
- the latex matrix must also be sent to the second:
- the storage unit 14 entering the substrate preparation unit 12a is insulated, waiting for input to the mixing and conveying unit, and the unit can also be embodied as a mixed vehicle; or, the latex matrix can be directly input into the mixing vehicle without passing through the memory 14.
- the substrate storage 14, the substrate transport unit 12b, the substrate preparation unit 12a, the mixing and transport unit are all arranged to protect against sunlight and rain.
- the content of the largest dashed box in Figure 11 is the matrix preparation and transport unit 12, and the two small dashed lines are the matrix thermal storage memory 14.
- the presence or absence of these two memories 14 is not affected.
- the presence of this memory 14 buffers the temporary excess of production when it is too late to transport the substrate out of the matrix preparation unit 12a.
- the substrate delivery vehicle and the thermal storage 14 are also designed to dissipate the heat generated during the preparation process, and also to transport the fluid, or semi-fluid, substrate directly to subsequent processes, such as several kilometers to several hundred kilometers.
- the process of material modulation, blasthole filling and other processes in the blasting site eliminates the need to consume energy and processes to change the shape of many of the above materials.
- Figure 11-2 shows another embodiment of the matrix preparation unit 12a in the substrate preparation and delivery unit 12, with respect to the arrangement of Figure 11, a memory is reduced, the remaining structure and function are identical, i.e., after the latex matrix is formed, It leads to the left side of the substrate delivery vehicle and to the right side to the mixed vehicle.
- the only substrate insulation memory 14 here can also be omitted.
- Example 8 as shown in Figure 11, the mixing and conveying unit, can be expressed as a mixed vehicle, which accepts the additive from the additive unit in a predetermined proportion, separately stored diesel and sensitizer, or a preset ratio Diesel, sensitizer and physical density regulators, which are stored separately from each other, are designed to protect against sunlight and rain.
- a mixed vehicle which accepts the additive from the additive unit in a predetermined proportion, separately stored diesel and sensitizer, or a preset ratio Diesel, sensitizer and physical density regulators, which are stored separately from each other, are designed to protect against sunlight and rain.
- the concept of the upper mixing and conveying unit and the lower mixing vehicle can be equivalent to the same. That is to say, the mixing and conveying unit can be represented as a uniform external delivery vehicle with several sub-tank containers, screw conveyors, pumping devices and pipes and other necessary components, and can also be expressed as a combination of several.
- the car itself can be designed as a container with several bins, a screw conveyor, and an insulated conveyor with pumping devices to maintain the temperature of the material over a long few hundred or even thousands of kilometers.
- There are no finished explosives in the compartment only such as porous granular ammonium nitrate, matrix, diesel, sensitizer, physical density regulator, and each other are stored in a separate position, which is relatively safe in transit. After entering the blasting site, it directly enters the next process, saving time and improving efficiency and quality.
- Figure 12 is one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Taking liquid ammonium nitrate as an example, all the specific examples and specific examples of the present invention are integrated. Relatively inferior and best performing forms of materials, specific methods, etc.
- the dashed box in Figure 12 indicates the process by which the latex matrix is held in the reservoir 14, which may be omitted, i.e., after the matrix is produced in the emulsifier, it may be fed directly into the substrate holding cart or the mixing cart.
- the dotted line frame 9 in Fig. 12 is the raw material storage and transportation unit 9; the broken line frame 10 is the water phase preparation unit 10; the broken line frame 11 is the oil phase preparation unit 11; the broken line frame 12 is the matrix preparation and delivery unit 12; the dotted line frame 13 is the raw material storage and storage unit 13; the broken line frame 14 is the latex matrix thermal insulation memory 14. Therefore, Fig. 12 is actually the embodiment of Fig. 5, which is roughly the sum of Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, and Fig. 11.
- Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the raw material storage and transportation unit 13, in which the raw material 2 is porous granular ammonium nitrate, which is used for adjusting the oxygen balance in the explosive.
- the porous granular ammonium nitrate is input from the outside of the preparation station, stored, and sent to the mixing and conveying unit.
- the container and conveying device of the raw material 2 are all set to avoid sunlight and rain.
- Example 10 the raw material storage and transportation unit 9, the aqueous phase preparation unit 10, the oil phase preparation unit 11, the substrate preparation and delivery unit 12, the mixing and conveying unit, and other preparation stations are used in the entire process and equipment for accommodating diesel and
- the parts of the liquid other than the sensitizer such as liquid ammonium nitrate, aqueous phase preparation, oil phase preparation and storage, matrix preparation, substrate transportation and storage, pipeline and unit transportation, are all insulated, heat-retaining measures, methods Uniformly or separately heating water, liquid material, water phase, oil phase, substrate for the heating device, covering the pipeline, pump, storage facility or valve with insulation layer for hot water or steam circulation, or hot water or steam circulation interlayer/set . Insulation is applied to the storage, transportation, and on-site mixing of the substrate. Insulation and heat recovery are all aimed at reducing the number of steps so that they can go directly to the next step and avoid being reheated after being cooled.
- the liquid ammonium nitrate input from the outside is 120 ° C and the concentration is 88% to 94%. This value comes from the best range of trial and error.
- the temperature of liquid ammonium nitrate from the factory to the preparation station is about 120 °C; the concentration is also the above value, and this concentration is just right for the preparation of the water phase. .
- the purpose of this design is to maintain the temperature required for the next explosive production step at the lowest cost.
- the liquid material such as liquid ammonium nitrate, substrate, crust sleeve, water phase, sleeve phase, sensitizer is transferred by pumping, wherein the substrate is a screw pump, a diaphragm pump, or a plunger pump; Solid ammonium nitrate, physical density modifiers, and porous granular ammonium nitrate are transferred by a screw feeder.
- the substrate is a screw pump, a diaphragm pump, or a plunger pump
- Solid ammonium nitrate, physical density modifiers, and porous granular ammonium nitrate are transferred by a screw feeder.
- the physical density modifier may be a polystyrene or polyethylene granule, a suitable thermoplastic polymer foam granule, or a dried plant granule, expanded perlite granule. These substances work well as density modifiers.
- the physical density modifier is preferably a porous material in the particle, including an expanded polymeric material such as: polystyrene, polyethylene; expanded ore Products, such as perlite, are preferably polystyrene granules, which are used as density modifiers to achieve the different densities of multi-species explosives.
- Example 13 The entire preparation workstation is mobile, with its own power device, to move between different regions and quickly enter the working state; or
- the entire preparation station is assembled for the unit, without its own power device, dragged by the vehicle, quickly assembled and put into operation after moving between different regions; or,
- the entire preparation station is a fixed object, which is built between the detonation sites in different regions, and produces and distributes various explosive semi-finished products and/or raw materials for the detonation site.
- the fourteenth example is a preparation workstation for producing explosives. Unlike all the above technical solutions, it is only used for the production of emulsion explosives.
- the solution comprises a raw material storage and transportation unit 9, an aqueous phase preparation unit 10, an oil phase preparation unit 11, a substrate preparation and delivery unit 12, a mixing and conveying unit, and an additive unit;
- the raw material 1, such as ammonium nitrate, is transported from the outside to the preparation station, wherein an oxidant such as ammonium nitrate is sent to the raw material storage unit 9, and then the aqueous phase is produced by the aqueous phase preparation unit 10, together with the oil phase preparation unit 11
- the resulting oil phase is transported to the substrate preparation and transport unit 12 to form a matrix, a portion of which is sent to an external substrate distribution station and another portion to the mixing and transport unit;
- the mixing and conveying unit such as a mixed vehicle, receives the matrix, and then receives additives from the additive unit, such as sensitizers, which are stored separately and stored in thermal storage, and are sent together by the mixing vehicle to the outside of the preparation station, such as The blasting site is then loaded into the blasthole and mixed to become an emulsion explosive.
- additives such as sensitizers
- the first step is to calculate the explosive consumption per unit of blasthole or per unit blasting area according to the blasting environment and the preset blasting purpose.
- the second step is to blast according to the rock hardness, rock joint, water content around the blasthole, etc.
- the purpose is to preset the density of various explosives, such as matrix, sensitizer, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel oil, and physical density modifier, in a plurality of preset ratios, such as the diameter of the stone after blasting;
- a plurality of density preset in the second step a plurality of density explosives are loaded on the plurality of blastholes at the blasting site. For example, a blasting blasthole is filled with explosives of a predetermined density, the blasthole space is filled, the spacer 17 is eliminated, and a sealing backfill section 15 of a certain length is reserved at the outermost end of the blasthole.
- the left diagram of Fig. 14 shows a spacer spacer 17 at the bottom of the blasthole in the prior art.
- the middle figure shows a spacer spacer 17 at the top of the blasthole in the prior art, both of which use a spacer.
- What is used in the prior art is a fixed density explosive 16, as shown in the left and middle figures of Figure 14.
- the right picture of Fig. 14 is that the spacer 17 is no longer used when the multi-density explosive 19 is loaded while the unit consumption of the explosive is maintained. This is because the explosive contains a physical density adjuster, which can improve the efficiency, the cost is not increased, the process is simple, and the blasting effect is good while achieving continuous charging.
- the space of the spacer 17 used in the prior art is filled by the multi-density explosive 19 by not using the spacer 17 in the blasthole by filling the multi-density explosive 19. That is, by increasing or decreasing the charge density, the occupied blasthole space is adjusted.
- the physical density modifier added to the multi-density explosive 19 does not participate in the explosive chemical reaction and is in the form of a solid particle. This solid particle fills the blasthole, which is equivalent to mixing the portion of the prior art spacer 18 with the particulate material in the explosive to reduce the density of the explosive, and to differentiate a portion of the bulky segment 18.
- the tiny space occupied by the innumerable solid particles is distributed in the explosive, so that the density of the explosive is reduced, and the space interval of the spacer is not required, and the purpose of improving the blasting effect and reducing the unit consumption of the explosive can also be achieved.
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Abstract
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CN201210047375.4 | 2012-02-28 | ||
CN2012100473754A CN102584508A (zh) | 2012-02-28 | 2012-02-28 | 生产炸药的准备工作站 |
CN201210144397.2 | 2012-05-11 | ||
CN201210144397.2A CN102643151B (zh) | 2012-05-11 | 2012-05-11 | 乳化基质配送站 |
CN201210175526.4 | 2012-05-24 | ||
CN201210175526.4A CN102675012B (zh) | 2012-05-24 | 2012-05-24 | 生产炸药的工艺流程 |
CN2012102589736A CN102749001A (zh) | 2012-07-14 | 2012-07-14 | 装填炮孔的方法 |
CN201210258973.6 | 2012-07-14 |
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- 2012-12-26 EA EA201491594A patent/EA029243B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-12-26 WO PCT/CN2012/087543 patent/WO2013127241A1/zh active Application Filing
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EA201491594A1 (ru) | 2015-04-30 |
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