WO2013122116A1 - 血液脳関門障害改善剤 - Google Patents
血液脳関門障害改善剤 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
- C07K14/57581—Thymosin; Related peptides
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
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- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
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- A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a peptide derived from prothymosin ⁇ and a blood organ barrier disorder ameliorating agent containing the peptide as an active ingredient.
- Stroke is the fourth most important illness of Japanese mortality and the number one bedridden etiology. It is caused by cerebral ischemia. It is said that acute treatment is important for cerebral ischemic diseases such as stroke in order to improve the prognosis.
- the main therapeutic methods currently attracting attention are thrombolytic agents including plasminogen activator (hereinafter referred to as “tPA”), but its use is limited to within 4.5 hours, Only about a dozen percent of patients can be received (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- tPA plasminogen activator
- prothymosin ⁇ is a substance having a neuronal cell death-protecting action, and that this neuronal cell death inhibitory effect can alleviate stroke disorders (see Patent Document 1).
- the inventors have also found that prothymosin ⁇ has an effect of suppressing stroke and ischemic glaucoma in mice and rats (see Non-Patent Documents 2 to 4).
- prothymosin ⁇ has an action of protecting the blood brain barrier from the weakening of the blood brain barrier, and has an active body consisting of 30 amino acids in rat prothymosin ⁇ and is important for the expression of the activity.
- Nine amino acids in the sequence were clarified (see Patent Document 2).
- the present inventor has found that a peptide consisting of 6 amino acids from 51 to 56 of prothymosin ⁇ (ProT ⁇ 6, P6 peptide: SEQ ID NO: 1) and a peptide related to this peptide It has been found that it has properties such as blood brain barrier disorder improving activity. The present inventor has further intensively studied and has completed the present invention.
- the above invention is basically based on the following knowledge.
- a polypeptide consisting of amino acids 52 to 60 of rat prothymosin ⁇ expressed as ProT ⁇ 9 disclosed in International Publication 2011/019023 Patent Document 2
- one or two amino acids from the amino acid sequence A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence deleted, added, substituted or inserted, or a salt peptide thereof (particularly the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 30 or 31) exhibits a higher protective effect on retinal ischemic injury than ProT ⁇ 9.
- these peptides are partial peptides obtained by shifting one to several N-terminal and C-terminal residues based on the above ProT ⁇ 9.
- NEVDEEEEE SEQ ID NO: 30
- D NEVDEEEE SEQ ID NO: 31
- ProT ⁇ 6 P6 peptide
- the peptide consisting of 7 amino acids from the 51st to the 57th amino acids of Prothymosin ⁇ P6 peptide
- the P6 peptide was confirmed to have cerebral infarction ischemic injury by intravenous administration.
- those with systemic (intravenous) administration that have particularly high brain protective effects include the A and B peptides, the A peptide that suppresses the bleeding action during cerebral infarction with tPA, and the effective time to suppress cerebral infarction with tPA. Prolonged A and F peptides showed particularly good utility.
- a first aspect of the present invention is an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amino acid sequence in which one or two amino acids are deleted, added, substituted, or inserted from the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. Or a salt peptide thereof.
- This peptide is preferably a peptide having substantially the same function as the peptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- a preferred peptide of this aspect or a salt thereof comprises the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO: 13. It is a peptide or a salt thereof. Particularly preferred is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a salt thereof.
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for a disease associated with a blood organ barrier disorder comprising any of the above-described peptides or salts thereof as an active ingredient.
- the therapeutic agent containing the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof as an active ingredient is also referred to as the therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- This therapeutic agent contains one of the above-described peptides or a salt thereof in an effective amount that can exert its function.
- this therapeutic agent can be said to be a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with blood-brain barrier disorders.
- this treatment is caused by secondary vascular disorders due to atherosclerosis or hypertension, transient blood flow disorders, hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial and arterial embolism, and thrombosis.
- Infarction aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, cerebral artery stenotic lesion, dural arteriovenous fistula, vascular trauma, vascular tumor, viral infectious encephalitis, edema due to fragile angiogenesis after cerebral infarction, or after cerebral infarction
- It is a therapeutic agent for bleeding disorders caused by fragile angiogenesis.
- a preferred embodiment of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is an ischemic disease therapeutic agent.
- a preferred embodiment of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is a therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction.
- a preferred embodiment of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is a therapeutic or preventive agent for movement disorders or cerebral hemorrhage caused by a thrombolytic agent.
- a preferred embodiment of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is a neuronal cell death inhibitor.
- the third aspect of the present invention is a therapeutic agent for cerebral ischemic disease comprising the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof and a thrombolytic agent as active ingredients. Since the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof can treat or prevent a movement disorder or cerebral hemorrhage caused by a thrombolytic agent, a combination with a thrombolytic agent is effective.
- the preferred thrombolytic agent is a plasminogen activator.
- the preferred indication is cerebral infarction.
- the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof and the thrombolytic agent may be simultaneously administered to the subject patient.
- thrombolytic agents can cause various side effects. For example, by administering the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof to a patient suspected of having cerebral infarction, the time margin for administering the thrombolytic agent can be increased. Therefore, thrombolytic agents can be administered after a close examination reveals a cerebral infarction.
- the blood organ barrier disorder-improving agent of the present invention can suppress the weakening of the blood organ barrier that may be caused by ischemia and can improve the blood organ barrier disorder.
- it is useful for suppressing the weakening of the blood-brain barrier that can be caused by cerebral ischemia (stroke, etc.) and for improving the blood-retinal barrier disorder that can be caused by retinal ischemia. Therefore, the agent of the present invention can be a therapeutic agent for diseases caused by blood organ barrier disorders.
- the conventionally known thrombolytic agent and the agent of the present invention Can be used to treat ischemic diseases without worrying about side effects such as bleeding from the blood organ barrier caused by the thrombolytic agent.
- the active ingredient of the blood organ barrier disorder ameliorating agent of the present invention is a peptide consisting of 6 amino acids from 51 to 56 of prothymosin ⁇ (in this specification, it may be referred to as “ProT ⁇ 6” or “P6”; SEQ ID NO: 1) and the like, and is easier to manufacture and process than the conventionally known prothymosin ⁇ full-length and peptides derived from prothymosin ⁇ , and has an equivalent or better ischemic improvement effect. Therefore, the peptide is more useful as an active ingredient such as an agent for improving blood organ barrier disorders, a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with blood organ barrier disorders, and a therapeutic agent for ischemic diseases.
- FIG. 1A shows the amino acid sequences of prothymosin ⁇ derived from human, rat, and mouse.
- FIG. 1B is a figure which shows the peptide relevant to this invention.
- FIG. 2 is an evaluation by ERG of the effect of the peptide 9 sequence transferred or deleted on the rat prothymosin ⁇ sequence on dysfunction one week after retinal ischemia.
- FIG. 3 shows the effects of P30, P9, P6 and mP6 (N-acetyl-P6-amide or F peptide) on dysfunction caused by retinal ischemia.
- the left and right figures show a-wave and b-wave at the indicated peptide concentrations, respectively.
- FIG. 4 shows the effect of P6 and P6 derivatives on the increase in MMP activity 12 hours after ischemia in a retinal ischemia model.
- * indicates P ⁇ 0.05 vs control in student's t test
- # indicates P ⁇ 0.05 v Vehicle.
- FIG. 5 shows the effect of ProT ⁇ peptides (P30 and P6) on the clinical score in the tMCAO ischemia model.
- * and ** indicate P ⁇ 0.05 and P ⁇ 0.01 in the RepeatedMeasure ANOVA test, respectively.
- the upper part of FIG. 6 shows the result of the seventh day after ischemia in FIG. 5 as a bar graph, and the lower left part is a graph showing the cumulative clinical score for 14 days in AUC.
- FIG. 7 is a tomato lectin staining diagram showing the blood brain barrier disorder inhibitory effect of P6 peptide.
- contra indicates the non-infarcted side
- ipsi indicates the infarcted side.
- the lower numbers 1 to 3 correspond to 1 to 3 in the upper left figure, and refer to the cerebral cortex (ischemic center: core), cerebral cortex (peri-ischemic: penumbra) and striatum, respectively.
- FIG. 8 is the figure which showed the combined effect with tPA of P6 with respect to the clinical score one day after MCAO for 4 hours.
- Vehicle, tPA 10 mg / kg, and tPA + P6 1 mg / kg were administered via the tail vein immediately before reperfusion.
- * indicates P ⁇ 0.05 in the student's test.
- the right figure of FIG. 8 is the figure which showed the combined use effect of P6 with tPA with respect to the mortality 1 day after performing MCAO for 4 hours.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a stained retina for showing the protective effect of the basic peptide P6 on retinal ischemic injury.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a stained retina for showing the protective effect of the basic peptide P6 on retinal ischemic injury.
- FIG. 10 shows retina thickness and electroretinogram when control, DMSO administration, and P6 were administered at 1 pmol, 3 pmol, and 10 pmol per eye.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the thickness of the retina.
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the value of the retinal potential using the a-wave.
- FIG. 10C is a graph showing values of retinal potential using b-wave.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing retinal potential values of various peptides.
- FIG. 11A is a graph showing values of retinal potential using a-wave.
- FIG. 11B is a graph showing values of retinal potential using b-wave.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing retinal potential values of various peptides.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the thickness of the retina.
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the value of the retinal potential using the a-wave.
- FIG. 10C is a graph showing values of retinal potential using b
- FIG. 12A is a graph showing the value of retinal potential using a-wave.
- FIG. 12B is a graph showing the value of the retinal potential using the b-wave.
- FIG. 13A shows an evaluation process in the tMCAO model.
- FIG. 13B shows the evaluation score.
- FIG. 13C shows the transition of the evaluation score after 60 minutes of tMCAO.
- FIG. 13D shows the scores obtained by administering 1 mg / kg P6 after 1, 2 and 3 hours after control and 1 hour tMCAO, respectively, and evaluating motor impairment during 1-14 days.
- FIG. 14A shows an evaluation process in the tMCAO model.
- FIG. 14B shows the transition of the movement disorder evaluation score in the tMCAO model when A peptide was administered intravenously.
- FIG. 14C shows the transition of the movement disorder evaluation score in the tMCAO model when the B peptide was administered intravenously.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of ERG function analysis.
- FIG. 15A is a graph showing the value of retinal potential using a-wave when A peptide or B peptide was intravenously administered at 10 mg / kg 24 hours after retinal ischemia.
- FIG. 15B is a graph showing retinal potential values using b-wave when A peptide or B peptide was intravenously administered at 10 mg / kg 24 hours after retinal ischemia.
- FIG. 16A is a photograph showing bleeding action in the cerebral cortex and striatum when P6 alone or in combination of P6 and tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 16B is a quantitative analysis of a movement disorder evaluation score (Clinical Score) at 24 hours after ischemia when P6 alone or P6 and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 16B shows the scores when the control (vehicle), P6 was administered at 1,3,10 mg / kg, the tPA alone control, and tPA and P6 were simultaneously administered at 1,3,10 mg / kg.
- FIG. 16C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when P6 alone or in combination of P6 and tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 16C shows the scores when the control, P6 was administered at 1,3,10 mg / kg, the tPA single control, and tPA and P6 were administered simultaneously at 1,3,10 mg / kg.
- FIG. 17A is a photograph showing bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when A, B, C, D, E peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 17B is a quantitative analysis of the movement impairment evaluation score 24 hours after ischemia when the A, B, C, D, E peptide and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 17A is a photograph showing bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when A, B, C, D, E peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 17B is a quantitative analysis of the movement impairment evaluation score 24 hours after ischemia when the A, B, C, D, E peptide and tPA
- FIG. 17B shows the scores when the control, A, B, C, D, and E peptides were administered intravenously at 10 mg / kg and tPA.
- FIG. 17C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when the A, B, C, D, E peptide and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 17C shows the score when 10 mg / kg of the control, tPA alone control, and tPA and A, B, C, D, and E peptides were co-administered.
- FIG. 18A is a photograph showing bleeding action in the cerebral cortex and striatum when 1,3,10 mg / kg A peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 18B is a quantitative analysis of the movement disorder evaluation score 24 (Clinical Score) at 24 hours after ischemia at the time of intravenous administration of 1,3, 10 mg / kg A peptide alone or each and tPA intravenously 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia. Analyzed.
- FIG. 18C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when 1,3,10 mg / kg A peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 18A is a photograph showing bleeding action in the cerebral cortex and striatum when 1,3,10 mg / kg A peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 18B is a quantitative analysis of the movement disorder evaluation score 24 (
- FIG. 19 shows the administration schedule of A peptide and tPA in the PIT model.
- FIG. 20A shows light irradiation immediately after administration of rose bengal to cause thrombosis in the middle cerebral artery, followed by intravenous administration of control or A peptide 10,30 mg / kg for 5 hours, and then administration of tPA for 1 hour thereafter. The photograph which showed the cerebral infarction of the cerebral cortex and the striatum area
- FIG. 20A shows the results of the control, the tPA single control, 10, 10 mg / kg A peptide combined, and 30 mg / kg A peptide alone.
- FIG. 20B quantifies the infarct region of FIG. 20A.
- FIG. 20C shows light irradiation immediately after administration of rose bengal to cause thrombus in the middle cerebral artery, followed by intravenous administration of control or A peptide 10,30 mg / kg for 5 hours, and then tPA for 1 hour. Finally, the movement disorder evaluation score found 24 hours after the formation of photochemical thrombus is obtained.
- FIG. 20C shows the results with the control, the tPA single control, 110, 30 mg / kg A peptide combined, and 30 mg / kg A peptide alone.
- FIG. 21 is a line graph showing the time until acceleration becomes impossible, indicating the result of the accelerated rotarod test (Accelerated Rota rod test).
- FIG. 22 is a bar graph showing the average value of the training period and the average value after 7 days.
- FIG. 23 is a reference diagram showing the sequences of P6, A peptide to E peptide, and the contents are the same as those in Table 1.
- FIG. 24 is a reference diagram showing the sequences of P6, A peptide to U peptide.
- FIG. 25 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a striatum when a peptide and tPA are appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 26A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 26B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- FIG. 27 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a striatum when a peptide and tPA are appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 28A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 28B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- FIG. 29 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a striatum when a peptide and tPA are appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 30A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 30B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- FIG. 31 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a striatum when a peptide and tPA are appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 32A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 32B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- Prothymosin ⁇ (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ProT ⁇ ”) has a function of protecting against neuronal cell death and a function of inhibiting neuronal cell death, and “remarkably suppresses blood-brain barrier weakening due to cerebral ischemia” It is a known protein that is also known to have a function of improving the blood-brain barrier disorder.
- the above invention is basically based on the following knowledge.
- a polypeptide consisting of amino acids 52 to 60 of rat prothymosin ⁇ expressed as ProT ⁇ 9 disclosed in International Publication 2011/019023 Patent Document 2
- one or two amino acids from the amino acid sequence A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence deleted, added, substituted or inserted, or a salt peptide thereof (particularly the peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 30 or 31) exhibits a higher protective effect on retinal ischemic injury than ProT ⁇ 9.
- these peptides are partial peptides obtained by shifting one to several N-terminal and C-terminal residues based on the above ProT ⁇ 9.
- NEVDEEEEE SEQ ID NO: 30
- D NEVDEEEE SEQ ID NO: 31
- ProT ⁇ 6 P6 peptide
- the peptide consisting of 7 amino acids from the 51st to the 57th amino acids of Prothymosin ⁇ P6 peptide
- the P6 peptide was confirmed to have cerebral infarction ischemic injury by intravenous administration.
- those with systemic (intravenous) administration that have particularly high brain protective effects include the A and B peptides, the A peptide that suppresses the bleeding action during cerebral infarction with tPA, and the effective time to suppress cerebral infarction with tPA. Prolonged A and F peptides showed particularly good utility.
- the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof (sometimes simply referred to as the peptide of the present invention) is a peptide or salt thereof containing the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, It has the same or higher activity as the peptide having the amino acid sequence represented by No. 1.
- the activity of the peptide having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 may be any one of the activities evaluated in Examples described later.
- the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof is thus an isolated peptide, or an isolated and purified peptide.
- the peptide of the present invention may be a peptide derived from a human or mammal (eg, guinea pig, rat, mouse, rabbit, pig, sheep, cow or monkey).
- the peptide of the present invention may be prothymosin ⁇ or a partial peptide derived therefrom.
- the peptide of the present invention may be a synthetic peptide.
- An example of the peptide of the present invention is the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or an amino acid in which one or two amino acids have been deleted, added, substituted, or inserted from the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the peptide of the present invention has two or more deletions, additions, substitutions, and insertions such as a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one amino acid is deleted and one amino acid is substituted or a salt thereof. May be present.
- substitution includes, for example, amino acid residues and those whose ends are modified. Examples of such substitutions are those in which the amino acid residue or peptide end is acetylated or amidated.
- a preferred example of the peptide of the present invention is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, or SEQ ID NO: 6, or a salt thereof.
- a preferred example of the peptide of the present invention is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a salt thereof.
- the peptide in the present specification has the N-terminus (amino terminus) at the left end and the C-terminus (carboxyl terminus) at the right end according to the convention of peptide designation.
- the C-terminus may be any of a carboxyl group (—COOH), a carboxylate (—COO ⁇ ), an amide (—CONH 2 ), or an ester (—COOR).
- R in the ester are a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group, a C 6-12 aryl group, a C 7-14 aralkyl group, and a pivaloyloxymethyl group.
- Examples of C 1-6 alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl.
- Examples of C 3-8 cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups.
- Examples of C 6-12 aryl groups are phenyl and ⁇ -naphthyl groups.
- Examples of C 7-14 aralkyl groups are phenyl-C 1-2 alkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl; and ⁇ -naphthyl-C 1-2 alkyl groups such as ⁇ -naphthylmethyl group.
- the peptide of the present invention has a carboxyl group (or carboxylate) other than the C-terminus
- the peptide of the present invention includes those in which the carboxyl group is amidated or esterified.
- An example of the ester in this case is the above-mentioned C-terminal ester.
- the amino group of the N-terminal methionine residue is protected with a protecting group
- the N-terminal side is cleaved in vivo and the glutamyl group produced by pyroglutamine oxidation
- substituents on the side chains of amino acids in the molecule are protected with appropriate protecting groups, or so-called glycopeptides / glycoproteins such as glycopeptides / glycoproteins to which sugar chains are bound.
- Examples of protecting groups for the amino group of the N-terminal methionine residue is a C 1-6 acyl group
- examples of C 1-6 acyl group is a formyl group
- C 2-6 alkanoyl group such as acetyl group
- substituents on the side chains of amino acids in the molecule are —OH, —SH, amino groups, imidazole groups, indole groups, and guanidino groups.
- Examples of protecting groups for the substituent on the side chain of an amino acid in the molecule is a C 1-6 acyl group
- examples of C 1-6 acyl groups are formyl, C 2-6 alkanoyl group such as acetyl group It is.
- the salt of the peptide of the present invention is preferably a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt.
- examples of such salts are salts with inorganic acids (eg hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid) and organic acids (eg acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid). , Tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and benzenesulfonic acid).
- the salt of the peptide of the present invention has substantially the same action as the peptide of the present invention. For this reason, even in the examples of the present specification, there are cases where a salt of a peptide is used or a case where a peptide salt is included. Even in such a case, it is described as using only a peptide for convenience.
- the peptide of the present invention can be produced by cleaving prothymosin ⁇ or a polypeptide derived from prothymosin ⁇ disclosed in Patent Document 1 or 2 with an appropriate peptidase.
- the blood-brain barrier disorder improving agent of the present invention contains the peptide of the present invention as an active ingredient. Therefore, the blood brain barrier disorder-improving agent of the present invention can protect the blood brain barrier vulnerability caused by cerebral ischemia, and can improve the blood brain barrier disorder. Therefore, the agent for improving blood-brain barrier disorder according to the present invention protects the blood-brain barrier by its neuroprotective action and can also improve the blood-brain barrier weakened by cerebrovascular disorder. It is useful for the prevention or treatment of all diseases, particularly those with blood-brain barrier disorders.
- disease associated with blood-brain barrier disorder refers to all diseases known to cause abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier (for example, diseases in which the tight junction structure of the blood-brain barrier becomes physically weak, blood-brain Diseases that cause abnormalities in the transport of substances at the barrier), and diseases caused by abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier. Most of these diseases involve cerebral ischemia.
- secondary vascular disorders due to atherosclerosis or hypertension, transient blood flow disorders, hypertensive brain disorders, intracranial and external Arterial embolism, infarction due to thrombosis, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, stenosis of cerebral artery, dural arteriovenous fistula, vascular trauma, vascular tumor, viral infectious encephalitis, or vulnerability after cerebral infarction
- treatment includes not only the case where the disease is completely cured, but also the case where the disease state is reduced or the deterioration of the disease state is prevented.
- a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent is not particularly limited, and a known carrier or diluent can be applied, and examples include those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and the like.
- the “blood organ barrier” refers to a mechanism for controlling substance exchange between blood in a blood vessel and tissue fluid of the organ.
- the mechanism of substance exchange control by the blood organ barrier is the mechanism that incorporates essential endogenous substances such as amino acids and glucose into the organ, which are energy sources of nerve activity, and toxic and unnecessary foreign substances in the organ. Supported by a discharging mechanism.
- These mechanisms can be controlled by a number of transporter transport systems expressed in the capillary endothelial cells of each organ.
- the blood-brain barrier which is a typical blood organ barrier, anatomically, the brain capillary endothelial cells that make up the blood-brain barrier form tight junctions that limit substance permeability to the cell gap. Can understand.
- the presence of the blood-brain barrier prevents components in the blood vessels from flowing into the central nervous system including brain tissue, so that the biochemical homeostasis of the central nervous system is highly maintained.
- abnormalities occur in the blood-brain barrier, abnormalities occur in selective substance permeability in the cerebral blood vessels and in the brain, and these abnormalities eventually affect the central nervous system.
- blood organ barriers include blood brain barrier, blood retina barrier, blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier, blood bile barrier, blood thymus barrier, blood testis barrier and the like.
- it is a blood organ barrier in a cranial nervous system organ such as a blood brain barrier and a blood retinal barrier.
- ischemic symptoms occur not only at the infarct site but also at the blood organ barrier. Since the blood vessel in the part where the ischemic symptom has occurred is weakened rapidly, there is a high possibility of bleeding from the blood organ barrier when the blood flow is resumed. Particularly in the case of cerebral ischemia such as cerebral infarction, the blood vessel wall of the blood-brain barrier becomes sharply weak, and the risk of bleeding due to resumption of blood flow is very high. Therefore, a thrombolytic agent such as tPA to be examined for application to vascular infarction is used only when the pathological condition can be confirmed within 6 hours (preferably 3 hours) after infarction, for example, in the case of cerebral infarction.
- tPA thrombolytic agent
- ProT ⁇ can be used for the treatment of diseases such as cerebral infarction that require urgent elimination of blood clots but must avoid bleeding. That is, not only is it possible to suppress neuronal cell death around the infarcted region to maintain organ homeostasis and improve infarcted site damage, but also use a thrombolytic agent such as tPA in combination as described later. It can also be used for the purpose of improving the vulnerability of blood organ barriers such as the blood brain barrier.
- blood organ barrier disorder means that some abnormality occurs in the blood organ barrier.
- abnormalities include abnormal selective permeability of substances at the blood organ barrier, collapse of tight junctions of capillary endothelial cells (expansion of cell gaps), reduction of capillary endothelial cells, and blood organ barriers.
- Disorders resulting from functional deterioration such as edema and jaundice can be mentioned.
- the “blood organ barrier disorder” in the present invention includes not only the symptoms generally caused by the blood organ barrier disorder described above, but also the reduction of brain capillary endothelial cells caused by the blood brain barrier disorder and the like.
- cerebral inflammatory symptoms such as cerebral edema, memory / learning, appetite, all sorts of higher brain dysfunction such as sleep disorders and emotional pain, autonomic neuropathy with blood pressure, breathing, digestive symptoms, and increased intracranial pressure symptoms Headache, vomiting, brain hernia, etc. are also included.
- the organ is the retina, for example, central serous chorioretinopathy can be mentioned.
- the blood organ barrier disorder-improving agent of the present invention improves such a blood organ barrier disorder and protects the blood organ barrier.
- Abnormalities in the blood organ barrier can be detected by checking the number and length of capillaries around the blood organ barrier. For example, when confirming an abnormality in the blood-brain barrier, the number and length of capillaries in the cerebral cortex perception area are compared with a normal state. In other words, if there are few capillaries in the cerebral cortex perception area, it can be judged that an abnormality in the blood brain barrier has occurred due to cerebral infarction, and if there are adequate capillaries in the cerebral cortex perception area, the blood brain barrier It can be determined that there is no abnormality.
- the length and amount of capillaries can be determined by a method known per se.
- Examples of such methods include “Science of Living Body; 55 (3), 266-272 (written by Shunichi Morikawa and Taichi Ezaki), And staining of vascular endothelial cells with a lectin described in “2004” (eg, tomato lectin).
- the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (NEVDEE) represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is effective as a blood organ barrier disorder-improving agent, a therapeutic agent for a blood organ barrier disorder or ischemic disease, a neuronal cell death inhibitor, etc. It can be used as an ingredient.
- the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is a peptide consisting of 6 amino acids from the 51st to the 56th amino acid of rat prothymosin ⁇ (referred to as ProT ⁇ 6).
- the peptide includes not only rat-derived prothymosin ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 8) but also a corresponding peptide in human-derived prothymosin ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 6), a corresponding peptide in mouse-derived prothymosin ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 7), etc. These animal species also have the same sequence (FIG. 1).
- the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is a function that prothymosin ⁇ has, for example, a function that protects and improves a blood organ barrier disorder (eg, GLUT4 promotes cell membrane superficialization), a neuronal cell death It is a peptide having a protective function / nerve cell death inhibitory function (eg, neuronal necrosis inhibitory function, neuronal cell apoptosis promoting function, nerve cell indirect apoptosis inhibitory function, etc.).
- the peptide is a peptide that is further shortened than a conventionally known prothymosin ⁇ -derived peptide while maintaining its function.
- peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 it is the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or one from the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- “Peptides” can also be used.
- “a peptide having substantially the same function” means the same function as the above “peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1” (here, “equivalent function” means that the function is quality).
- a function to protect and improve blood organ barrier disorder eg, GLUT4 promotes cell membrane superficialization, etc.
- nerve It has a protective function against cell death, a neuronal cell death inhibitory function (eg, a neuronal necrosis inhibitory function, a neuronal cell apoptosis promoting function, a neuronal cell indirect apoptosis inhibitory function, etc.).
- a neuronal cell death inhibitory function eg, a neuronal necrosis inhibitory function, a neuronal cell apoptosis promoting function, a neuronal cell indirect apoptosis inhibitory function, etc.
- Examples thereof include peptides in which one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the “peptide consisting of the represented amino acid sequence” have been deleted, added, substituted or rearranged.
- the number of amino acids to be deleted, added, substituted or rearranged is not particularly limited as long as it has a function similar to that of prothymosin ⁇ , but is preferably within 2 and more preferably 1.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately determine which amino acids can be deleted, added, substituted, or rearranged depending on the desired function and the peptide modification described below.
- the present inventor has also found that the 7 amino acid peptide consisting of the 50th to 56th amino acids and the 7 amino acid peptide consisting of the 51st to 57th amino acids of rat prothymosin ⁇ are also represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. It has the same activity as the peptide consisting of the sequence, but it has been found that the activity is reduced in the 5-amino acid peptide consisting of the 51st to 55th amino acids and the 8 amino acid peptide consisting of the 49th to 56th amino acids. (Data not shown).
- a peptide having substantially the same function as the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 a peptide to which 1 amino acid is added, specifically, SEQ ID NO: 12 (50th to 56th). No.), SEQ ID NO: 13 (51st to 57th).
- peptides do not have to be naturally derived peptides, and can be produced by peptide synthesis methods known per se. Amino acid deletion, addition, substitution or rearrangement can also be carried out by a method known per se.
- the peptide of the present invention has a function of prothymosin ⁇ , for example, a function to protect and improve a blood organ barrier disorder (eg, GLUT4 cell membrane surface promoting effect), a function to protect against neuronal cell death, and a function to suppress neuronal cell death
- a function eg, necrosis-suppressing function, apoptosis-promoting function, indirect apoptosis-suppressing function).
- Peptide modifications include fluorescent labels (eg, FITC, Dns, Nma), other labels (eg, biotin), fatty acid modifications (eg, DHA), phosphorylation, sulfonation, Hydroxylation, methylation, acetylation, prenylation, palmitoylation, carboxylation, amino group modification (eg, acetylation, formylation, pyroglutamine oxidation, amidation, succinylation, biotinylation, Zation, Dnpation, Dns conversion, myristoylation, etc.), thiol group modification (eg, farnesylation, geranylation, etc.), sugar modification (eg, Asn (GlcNAc) containing peptide), glycosylphosphatidylinositol addition, ubiquitination, peptide bond modification (Eg, reduced type, statin type, etc.). In order to adjust a desired function, those skilled in the art can appropriately select this modification mode.
- the modification position in the peptide is not particularly limited, but is preferably modified at the end of the peptide.
- the method for modifying the terminal of the peptide is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the function of the peptide of the present invention described above, but the viewpoint of improving the function or suppressing degradation of the peptide of the present invention in the body. Therefore, acetylation or amidation is desirable. By acetylating or amidating the peptide of the present invention at the terminal of the peptide, the function of the peptide of the present invention can be improved, or degradation in the body can be suppressed.
- the peptide of the present invention is a peptide in which the N-terminus is acetylated and / or the C-terminus is amidated.
- the most preferred polypeptide of the present invention has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a peptide in which the N-terminus is acetylated and the C-terminus is amidated (N-acetyl-P6-amide; also referred to as mP6 or F peptide) ).
- the “blood-brain barrier ameliorating agent” of the present invention comprises the peptide of the present invention as an active ingredient, so that it suppresses neuronal cell death around the infarcted region, maintains organ homeostasis, and damages the infarcted site
- the blood organ barrier can be protected. That is, the blood organ barrier disorder ameliorating agent of the present invention protects nerve tissue around the blood organ barrier by the cytoprotective action of the peptide of the present invention, and also improves the blood organ barrier weakened by vascular disorder, It can protect the organ barrier. Therefore, it is useful for the prevention or treatment of all ischemic diseases, diseases associated with blood organ barrier disorders, particularly ischemic diseases in cranial nervous system tissues, and diseases associated with blood organ barrier disorders in cranial nervous system organs.
- Examples of the “disease associated with blood organ barrier disorder” in the present invention include all diseases known to cause abnormalities in the blood organ barrier and diseases caused by abnormalities in the blood organ barrier. Examples of such diseases include diseases caused by a physically weak tight junction structure at the blood organ barrier, and diseases caused by abnormal substance transport at the blood organ barrier.
- the organ is preferably a cranial nervous system organ. Since the “peptide of the present invention” included in the “therapeutic agent for diseases associated with blood organ barrier disorders” of the present invention functions effectively particularly for disorders of the blood organ barrier of the cranial nervous system, the agent is used in the cranial nervous system. It is useful for the treatment of diseases associated with blood organ barrier disorders.
- the blood organ barrier disorder is a blood brain barrier disorder
- diseases associated with cerebral ischemia include atherosclerosis or hypertension.
- arteriovenous fistula vascular trauma, vascular tumor, viral infectious encephalitis, edema due to fragile angiogenesis after cerebral infarction, jaundice or hemorrhagic disease, as well as stroke, traumatic brain injury and the like.
- the blood organ barrier disorder is a blood-retinal barrier disorder
- specific examples of the disease associated with the blood-retinal barrier disorder include glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or pressure disorder during retinal detachment treatment.
- the “treatment” of a disease here includes not only the case where the disease is completely cured, but also the case where the disease state is reduced or the deterioration of the disease state is prevented.
- the “ischemic disease” in the present invention refers to various diseases caused by ischemia.
- Ischemia is caused by various causes such as infarction of an artery due to a thrombus and stenosis of the artery itself.
- Ischemic diseases include ischemic diseases (stroke, cerebral infarction, cerebral thrombus, transient cerebral ischemic attack, etc.) caused by ischemia of the cranial nervous system tissue, ischemic diseases (ischemic heart disease) caused by ischemia of the heart tissue ;
- ischemic diseases ischemic heart disease
- ischemic bowel disease ischemic bowel disease; such as acute mesenteric artery occlusion, ischemic colitis, abdominal angina, etc.
- it is an ischemic disease caused by ischemia of the cranial nervous system tissue.
- the “therapeutic agent for ischemic disease” of the present invention can be used in combination with a thrombolytic agent to expand the application range of the thrombolytic agent.
- the “therapeutic agent for ischemic disease” of the present invention in combination with a thrombolytic agent, it is possible to more effectively treat the ischemic disease caused by vascular infarction.
- thrombolytic agents can be used only in patients who are in the acute phase of vascular infarction and within the period in which the conventional vascular structure is maintained (for example, within 3 hours after onset in the case of cerebral infarction) Therefore, it is required to use after confirming that there is no bleeding by CT or MRI. This is because the blood organ barrier is weakened by ischemia, so that the risk of side effects such as bleeding increases due to the effect of the thrombolytic agent unless the structure of the blood organ barrier at the initial stage of the onset is relatively maintained. It is.
- the peptide of the present invention contained in the “therapeutic agent for ischemic disease” of the present invention only suppresses neuronal cell death around the infarcted site, maintains organ homeostasis, and improves the disorder at the infarcted site. Furthermore, the weakening of the blood organ barrier caused by ischemia can be improved and the blood organ barrier can be protected.
- the peptide of the present invention does not cause bleeding, it can be administered early in the treatment of ischemic diseases and the like without confirming the presence or absence of bleeding. Therefore, by using the peptide of the present invention or the “therapeutic agent for ischemic disease” of the present invention, the structure of the blood organ barrier is maintained, and the risk of bleeding from vulnerable blood vessels considered as a side effect of the thrombolytic agent is extremely low. Become.
- the thrombolytic agent when used in combination with the “therapeutic agent for ischemic disease” of the present invention, the thrombolytic agent can be used regardless of the onset time of vascular infarction. This makes it possible to effectively treat various ischemic diseases.
- cerebral ischemic diseases for example, cerebral infarction, stroke, etc.
- thrombolytic agents could only be used for 3 hours after the onset, but 3 hours had elapsed due to the combined use with the ischemic disease therapeutic agent of the present invention.
- it becomes possible to use thrombolytic agents and the selection range of treatment routes for cerebral ischemic diseases in the acute phase will be greatly expanded.
- the present invention provides an ischemic disease therapeutic agent containing the peptide of the present invention as an active ingredient, and also provides a combination of the ischemic disease therapeutic agent and a thrombolytic component.
- the said thrombolytic component may be contained in the ischemic disease therapeutic agent of this invention, and may be used as a thrombolytic agent different from an ischemic disease therapeutic agent.
- Peptides derived from these thrombolytic components are included, but are not limited thereto. TPA is preferred.
- the peptide derived from these thrombolytic components means the amino acid sequence having the activity of the thrombolytic component and the same as part or all of the amino acid sequence of the full length of each thrombolytic component (protein).
- tPA a commercially available one may be used, or one synthesized by a known method may be used.
- the ischemic disease therapeutic agent of the present invention can be used in combination with other known vascular disorder therapeutic agents (vascular disorder therapeutic components). Although it does not specifically limit as another known vascular disorder therapeutic agent, In addition to the said thrombolytic agent, a radical scavenger (edaravone) is mentioned, for example.
- a radical scavenger edaravone
- the combination of the therapeutic agent for ischemic disease and the thrombolytic agent (thrombolytic component) according to the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) Formulating the therapeutic agent for ischemic disease and the thrombolytic component according to the present invention together; (2) A method of separately formulating and treating the ischemic disease therapeutic agent of the present invention and a thrombolytic component separately, and (3) A method of administering the ischemic disease therapeutic agent of the present invention and a thrombolytic component separately. And administration by time lag (eg, by first administering the therapeutic agent for ischemic disease of the present invention and then administering the thrombolytic component), etc. be able to.
- the dose of other known vascular disorder therapeutic agent to be used in combination can be appropriately changed according to the usage, requirements of age, weight, sex, degree of disease, etc. of the subject of administration.
- ischemic disease The amount commonly used in the treatment of can be used, usually about 10 mg / kg for rodents and about 0.6 mg / kg for humans.
- tPA is about 0.1 mg / kg to 1.0 mg / kg, preferably about 0.3 mg / kg to about 0.9 mg / kg, most preferably about 0.6 mg / kg.
- the peptides of the present invention can be administered in an amount of about 0.1 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg, preferably about 0.3 mg / kg to 3.0 mg / kg, most preferably about 1 mg / kg.
- the peptide of the present invention is about 0.1 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg against tPA of about 1 mg / kg to 30 mg / kg, preferably about 3 mg / kg to about 20 mg / kg, most preferably about 10 mg / kg. And preferably about 0.3 mg / kg to 3.0 mg / kg, most preferably about 1 mg / kg.
- the peptide of the present invention has a protective function against neuronal cell death and a neuronal cell death inhibitory function (eg, neuronal necrosis inhibitory function, neuronal cell apoptosis promoting function, neuronal cell indirect apoptosis inhibitory function, etc.). Therefore, the agent containing the peptide of the present invention can be used as a neuronal cell death inhibitor. Therefore, the present invention provides a neuronal cell death inhibitor containing the peptide of the present invention as an active ingredient.
- a neuronal cell death inhibitory function eg, neuronal necrosis inhibitory function, neuronal cell apoptosis promoting function, neuronal cell indirect apoptosis inhibitory function, etc.
- “Blood organ barrier ameliorating agent”, “therapeutic agent for blood organ barrier disorder”, “therapeutic agent for ischemic disease” and “nerve cell death inhibitor” (hereinafter collectively referred to as “this” May be described as “the agent of the invention”) by mixing the peptide of the present invention with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and, if necessary, the above-mentioned combination component according to a known method.
- a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent is not particularly limited, and a carrier or diluent known per se can be applied. Examples include those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and the like. It is done.
- the dosage form of the agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and administration forms known per se can be applied. However, it is preferably prepared as an injection for blood vessel administration, as in the case of known medicaments for treating organ vascular disorders, and in particular in the case of an agent for blood-brain barrier disorders, it is prepared as an injection for intraventricular administration. It is preferable. More specifically, the peptide of the present invention is made into an injection by dissolving it in an appropriate solvent such as water, physiological saline or isotonic buffer. In that case, it is possible to prepare by adding polyethylene glycol, glucose, various amino acids, collagen, albumin and the like as a protective agent. It is also possible to administer the peptide by embedding it in an inclusion body such as ribosome.
- the dose of the peptide of the present invention as an active ingredient is not particularly limited and varies depending on the subject's age, weight, medical condition, route of administration, and other factors. A doctor or the like can easily determine appropriately.
- the administration method of the peptide of the present invention or the agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and various administration methods currently practiced can be employed.
- An example of such an administration method is intracisternal administration.
- Administration in the cisterna is advantageous in that it does not damage the brain parenchyma.
- you may administer by parenteral administration for example, intravascular administration (for example, intravenous administration), intraventricular administration etc.), oral administration, etc.
- the daily dose is, for example, about 0.1 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg, preferably about 0.3 mg / kg to 3.0 mg / kg, Most preferably about 1 mg / kg.
- the dose is about 0.1 pmol to 20 pmol, preferably about 1 pmol to 10 pmol.
- a preferred embodiment of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is a therapeutic agent or preventive agent for movement disorders or cerebral hemorrhage caused by a thrombolytic agent.
- the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof can prevent movement disorder and cerebral hemorrhage caused by a thrombolytic agent. Therefore, for example, by using the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof in combination with the thrombolytic agent, it is possible to prevent movement disorders and cerebral hemorrhage caused by the thrombolytic agent.
- a preferred embodiment of the therapeutic agent of the present invention is a therapeutic agent for cerebral ischemic disease comprising the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof and a thrombolytic agent as active ingredients. Since the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof can treat or prevent a movement disorder or cerebral hemorrhage caused by a thrombolytic agent, a combination with a thrombolytic agent is effective.
- the preferred thrombolytic agent is a plasminogen activator.
- the preferred indication is cerebral infarction.
- the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof and the thrombolytic agent may be simultaneously administered to the subject patient.
- the thrombolytic agent may be administered within 30 minutes to 5 hours (or within 1 hour to 3 hours) after the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof is administered to the subject.
- Thrombolytic agents can cause various side effects. For example, by administering the peptide of the present invention or a salt thereof to a patient suspected of having cerebral infarction, the time margin for administering the thrombolytic agent can be increased. Therefore, thrombolytic agents can be administered after a close examination reveals a cerebral infarction.
- the present invention relates to a subject (for example, human) a peptide of the present invention (amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or one or two amino acids from the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, deletion, addition, substitution, Or a method for treating a disease associated with blood-brain barrier disorder, comprising administering an effective amount of a peptide comprising an inserted amino acid sequence or a salt thereof to treat a disease associated with blood-brain barrier disorder. .
- diseases with blood-brain barrier disorders are due to secondary vascular disorders due to atherosclerosis or hypertension, transient blood flow disorders, hypertensive brain disorders, intracranial and external arterial emboli, thrombosis Infarction, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, cerebral artery stenotic lesion, dural arteriovenous fistula, vascular trauma, vascular tumor, viral infectious encephalitis, edema due to fragile angiogenesis after cerebral infarction, and fragility after cerebral infarction It is a bleeding disorder caused by sexual angiogenesis.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating cerebral infarction comprising the step of administering to a subject (for example, human) an effective amount of the peptide of the present invention for the treatment of cerebral infarction.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating cerebral ischemic disease, comprising the step of administering to a subject (for example, human) an effective amount of the peptide of the present invention and a thrombolytic agent for treating cerebral ischemic disease.
- a thrombolytic agent is plasminogen activator.
- This method is particularly effective for the treatment of cerebral infarction. That is, by using the thrombolytic agent and the peptide of the present invention in combination, the treatment time of the thrombolytic agent can be extended, and further, the motor function can be prevented from being lowered by the thrombolytic agent.
- the peptide of the present invention and the thrombolytic agent may be administered to the subject simultaneously.
- the peptide of the present invention is administered immediately, and within 30 minutes to 5 hours (or within 1 hour to 3 hours), a thrombolytic agent is administered to the subject based on the test results. May be.
- a 9 amino acid peptide (P + 2N / -2C) consisting of amino acids 50 to 58 of rat prothymosin ⁇ and a 7 amino acid peptide (P + 1N / -3C) consisting of amino acids 51 to 57 are also available.
- the activity decreased with the 9 amino acid peptide (P + 3N / -3C) consisting of amino acids 57 to 57. Therefore, the peptide P6 (P + 1N / -4C; ie, ProT ⁇ 6) having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 was found as the peptide sequence having the shortest and maintaining activity.
- FIG. 1B is a figure which shows the peptide relevant to this invention.
- Rat prothymosin ⁇ (1-112) described in FIG. 1B is a full-length rat prothymosin ⁇ having the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
- C-terminal rat prosimonsin ⁇ is a peptide having the amino acid sequence from the 102nd to the 112th in full-length rat prosimonsin ⁇ having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9.
- P30 is ProT ⁇ 30 represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 (a peptide having a 49th to 78th amino acid sequence in full-length rat promonsin ⁇ having the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9).
- P1-9 is a peptide having the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 11 (P9 peptide, ProT ⁇ 9).
- ProT ⁇ 9 is a peptide having the amino acid sequence from the 52nd position to the 60th amino acid sequence in the full-length rat promonsin ⁇ having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9.
- P2-9 is a peptide having the second to ninth amino acid sequences of ProT ⁇ 9.
- P3-9 is a peptide having the third to ninth amino acid sequences of ProT ⁇ 9.
- P3-9 is a peptide having the third to ninth amino acid sequences of ProT ⁇ 9.
- P1-8 is a peptide having the first to eighth amino acid sequences of ProT ⁇ 9.
- P1-7 is a peptide having the first to seventh amino acid sequences of ProT ⁇ 9.
- P1-6 is a peptide having the first to sixth amino acid sequences of ProT ⁇ 9.
- P + 1N / -1C is a sequence that is one back toward the N-terminal and one back at the C-terminal compared to ProT ⁇ 9 (from the 51st position in the full-length rat prosimonsin ⁇ having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9).
- Peptide having the 59th amino acid sequence (peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 30).
- P + 2N / -2C is a peptide (peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 31) having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and a 50th to 58th amino acid sequence in the full-length rat promonsin ⁇ .
- P + 3N / -3C is a peptide (a peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 13) having an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and a 49th to 57th amino acid sequence in full-length rat promonsin ⁇ .
- P + 1N / -3C is a peptide (the P7 peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 32) having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and the 51st to 57th amino acid sequence in full-length rat promonsin ⁇ .
- P + 1N / -4C is a peptide (P6 peptide: peptide represented by SEQ ID NO: 1) having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and the 51st to 56th amino acid sequence in full-length rat promonsin ⁇ .
- P + 1N / -5C is a peptide having the amino acid sequence from the 51st to the 55th amino acid sequence in the full-length rat prosimonsin ⁇ having the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9.
- P + 1N / -1C SEQ ID NO: 30
- P + 2N / -2C SEQ ID NO: 31
- P + 1N / -3C SEQ ID NO: 32
- P + 1N / -4C SEQ ID NO: 1
- Example 2 Inhibitory effect of prothymosin ⁇ -derived peptide on retinal ischemia-induced retinal dysfunction
- ERG the activity from light irradiation to the optic nerve (ganglion cell) can be evaluated.
- the potential difference with respect to the posterior pole of the cornea is +2 to 17 mV (retinal resting potential).
- a-wave a wave
- b-wave b wave
- the a wave reflects the function of the outer granule layer (photocell)
- the b wave reflects the function from the inner granule layer to the ganglion cell layer.
- a and b waves disappear almost completely at one week after the ischemic treatment, and the potential becomes flat.
- the disappearance of a-wave and b-wave indicates that the retinal function has been reduced by retinal ischemic injury. It is known that the inward and outward currents are almost completely recovered when prothymosin ⁇ 1 pmol (in PBS solution), which is a neuroprotective protein, is injected into the vitreous 24 hours after ischemia (non-patent document). 4 (Fujita et al., Cell Death and Differ, 2009)).
- each prothymosin ⁇ -derived peptide against retinal ischemic injury after ischemic treatment ie, ProT ⁇ 30 (peptide consisting of amino acids 49 to 78 of rat prothymosin ⁇ ; sequence) No.
- ProT ⁇ 9 peptide consisting of amino acids 52 to 60 of rat prothymosin ⁇ ; SEQ ID NO: 11
- the ischemic treatment was performed by applying a water pressure of 130 mmHg to the anterior chamber of the mouse for 45 minutes, and the retinal potential was measured for one week after the ischemic treatment.
- the mice were dark-adapted for 3 hours, after which the light was shortened.
- the change in the static potential was measured using an electrode that was irradiated for a period of time and installed on the cornea.
- partial peptides P30 and P9 of prothymosin ⁇ (Patent Document 2), and mP6 (N-acetyl-P6-amide), which is a derivative of P6 and P6, were administered into the vitreous 24 hours after ischemia. .
- the results are shown in FIG. 3 (left figure: a wave; right figure: b wave).
- the vertical axis represents the change in voltage, and the horizontal axis represents the dose (pmol) of each peptide.
- P30 and P6 showed almost the same excellent retinal ischemic injury inhibitory effect in the concentration range of 1 to 10 pmol.
- the activity of P9 was weaker than P30 and P6, and a concentration about 6 times higher was required to obtain the same effect. Furthermore, the terminal modified derivative mP6 of the P6 peptide had a higher effect than P30 and P6, and showed the same inhibitory effect on retinal ischemic injury even at a concentration 4 times lower than that of P6.
- Example 3 Inhibitory effect of P6 and P6 derivatives on retinal ischemia-induced increase in MMP activity It is known that tight junction protein occludin is degraded by metalloprotease (MMP) whose expression is increased by ischemia (J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2007. 27 (4): p. 697-709). In particular, MMP-9 is thought to play a central role in the breakdown of blood organ barriers due to ischemia (J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2000. 20 (12): p. 1681-9). Although the expression level of MMP-9 is usually low, the expression is induced by various stimuli due to ischemia.
- MMP metalloprotease
- the black circles and black diamonds in the upper graph show the results of intravenous (iv) administration of 1 mg / kg and 3 mg / kg of P30, respectively, and the black circles in the lower graph show 1 mg / kg of P6 intravenous
- the result of internal (iv) administration is shown. As is clear from FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of the seventh day after ischemia in FIG. 5 as a bar graph, and the lower left part is a graph showing the accumulation of clinical scores for 14 days as AUC (Area Under Curve).
- the lower right of FIG. 6 shows the cumulative clinical scores as AUC for 14 days when the administration timing of P6 (1 mg / kg) is changed (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after 1 h tMCAO). It is a graph.
- P6 was administered 2 hours later, although the protective effect was slightly lower than that administered 1 hour later, it showed almost the same protective effect as P30 at the same concentration (compare with the lower left).
- 1 hour tMCAO, 2 hours after reperfusion corresponds to 3 hours after the actual stroke. That is, it can be said that P6 exerts a sufficient protective effect against stroke even when administered 3 hours after the collapse of the stroke.
- Example 5 Effect of P6 peptide on improving blood-brain barrier damage
- the left middle cerebral artery of C57BL / J6 mice male, body weight 21-26 g was maintained for 1 hour in cerebral ischemia due to infarction, and then reperfused.
- Vehicle or P6 0.1 mg / kg was administered intravenously (iv) 0.5 and 3 hours after reperfusion, and pentobarbital 50 24 hours after reperfusion.
- General anesthesia was performed by intraperitoneal administration of mg / kg, and the treated mice were placed on a bed kept at 37 ° C. and 1 mg / mL biotinylated tomato lectin (SIGMA, Lot No. 048K3786) dissolved in PBS.
- SIGMA biotinylated tomato lectin
- tomato lectin was fluorescently stained with streptavidin labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 (diluted 300 times with 2% BSA / PBST solution), and then fixed with Fluoromount (Nihon Turner Co., Ltd.), a fluorescent fading inhibitor.
- the sample was allowed to stand in the dark overnight, and later observed with a confocal laser microscope LSM5 PASCAL (Carl Zeiss).
- LSM5 PASCAL Carl Zeiss
- the tissue damage was less in the P6 administration group than in the control group (Vehicle) (upper left and right in FIG. 7).
- the parts indicated by the numbers 1 to 3 on the contra side ie, the non-arterial infarction side
- the corresponding parts 1 to 3 on the ipsi side ie, the arterial infarction side
- An enlarged view is shown below.
- the control group mice the blood vessel density decreased by ipsi in contrast to the contrast in the ischemic central core (core) and striatum in the cerebral cortex, whereas in the P6 administration group, the core and stratum were decreased.
- the blood vessel density was improved, and the same staining result was obtained with ipsi as with contrast.
- the vascular protective action with striatum was particularly prominent.
- Example 6 Inhibitory effect of P6 on tPA-induced dyskinesia Four-hour tMCAO was performed, and the clinical score and mortality after 1 day were evaluated (FIG. 8). Vehicle, tPA 10 mg / kg, and tPA + P6 1 mg / kg were administered via the tail vein immediately before reperfusion. 4-hour tMCAO corresponds to 3 hours after the onset of ischemic disease. Although tPA treatment worsened movement disorders compared to the Vehicle group, it was significantly suppressed when tPA and P6 were used in combination (left figure). In addition, as a result of evaluating the mortality 1 day after ischemia, only 8.3% died in the vehicle administration group, whereas 35.7% mice died in the tPA administration group. However, all mice survived when tPA and P6 were combined.
- a therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction SEQ ID NO: 1 or a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or two amino acids have been deleted, added, substituted, or inserted from the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a salt thereof was synthesized by a known method.
- the obtained peptides were 22 types.
- the 22 types of peptides included peptides consisting of amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 and salts thereof.
- tPA was purchased from Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
- Peptides having the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 and salts thereof were designated as P6, A peptide, B peptide, C peptide, D peptide and E peptide, respectively.
- mice 6-9 weeks old (19-28 g) used in this experiment were bred under natural control every 12 hours in a constant temperature (22 ⁇ 2 ° C) room, with tap water and General animal chow (MF, Oriental yeast, Tokyo, Japan) was freely consumed. All the experiments shown below were conducted according to the method defined in the Nagasaki University Animal Experiment Guidelines.
- Retinal ischemia model Pentobarbital 75 mg / kg was administered intraperitoneally to mice and anesthetized. Place the mouse on a 37 ° C constant temperature table to maintain body temperature. The vitreous body is dilated with 1% atropine sulfate, and a container of sterile intraocular perfusion solution (BSS PLUS dilution buffer; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) is previously placed at a water surface of 135.5 cm (100 mmHg) from the mouse eye. The 33G injection needle with the perfusion solution connected to the pediatric infusion set was inserted into the anterior chamber and dropped into the anterior chamber.
- BSS PLUS dilution buffer Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- the model is a general glaucoma model using the ischemia-reperfusion method, and it is known that the systemic administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which is an existing therapeutic agent for glaucoma, shows a neuroprotective effect.
- HE staining Stain the cell nuclei of the specimen with gilhematoxylin solution, and after washing, fractionate with 0.2% hydrochloric acid and 70% ethanol. Wash the aliquot and allow the sample to affinity with 95% ethanol. The tissue is counterstained with eosin-phloxin solution. After separation and dehydration with ethanol, it was clarified with xylene. After enclosing the specimen, it was observed with a BIOZERO microscope (KEYENCE, Osaka, Japan).
- ERG retinal function by electroretinogram
- the mice were dark-adapted in the dark for 3 hours, and then pentobarbital 50 mg / kg was administered intraperitoneally to the mice and anesthetized.
- a contact electrode (KE-S; Kyoto contact lenses, Kyoto, Japan) was placed at the tip of the cornea, and an iron electrode was placed near the eye.
- a subcutaneous platinum needle electrode was placed in the abdomen.
- ERG was induced by SLS-3100 (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan) with a flash of 20J, MEB-9104 (Nihon Kohden) measured every 2 minutes for 30 minutes.
- the background correction used was a measurement of the response at normal light during 20 minutes every 2 minutes.
- the amplification of the measured a wave and b wave was quantified with Neuropack (Nihon Kohden).
- Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model mice were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane (Escaine (registered trademark), Mylan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) (Small animal anesthetizer MK-A100, Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd.) Tokyo Japan). Cut the skin at the pharyngeal site about 2 cm vertically with a scissors on a thermostatic table (Ikemoto RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan) at 37 degrees Celsius. The skin was pulled to the right with hard silk thread (Hard No. 8, Natsume Seisakusho) to secure a field of view.
- the common carotid artery is traced upward, it is divided into an internal carotid artery and an external carotid artery, so the external carotid artery on the left front side is tied tightly with soft silk thread and cut between them.
- Secure thin blood vessels extending upward from the internal carotid artery with soft silk thread Pull soft silk and hard silk tightly to stop blood flow, and scissor the internal carotid artery with scissors. From there, an embolus is inserted 1 to 1.5 cm to occlude the middle cerebral artery.
- the internal carotid artery was tied together with the embolus with soft silk thread, and the embolus was fixed. Pass the soft silk thread under the pulling hard silk thread, tie the common carotid artery before the hard silk thread, and then remove the hard silk thread. Suture the chest with two soft silk threads.
- tMCAO transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model
- the soft silk thread that tied the internal carotid artery was loosened, the embolus was removed, and the internal carotid artery was immediately reconnected.
- Photochemically-induced thrombosis (PIT) model mice were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane (Escaine (registered trademark), Mylan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) (Small animal anesthetizer MK-A100, Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). During the operation, the anesthetic effect was maintained with 2.5% isoflurane. A 5-6 mm incision was made in the skin between the left ear and the left eye on a constant temperature table (Ikemoto RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan) at 37 degrees Celsius.
- Ikemoto RIKEN Tokyo, Japan
- Ophthalmic scissors were inserted along the margin of the temporal muscle, the incision was made between the skull and the temporal muscle, and the skull in the middle cerebral artery region under the temporal muscle was exposed. After visual field was secured by pulling the skin and temporal muscles in four directions with soft silk thread, a small hole with a diameter of about 1.5 mm was drilled in the skull in the middle cerebral artery region under a stereomicroscope.
- Neurological scoring To assess the degree of motor dysfunction associated with cerebral ischemia, a neurological score (Clinical Scores) was used. In addition, each numerical value from 1 to 4 was rated on a two-point scale (1.5 if score 1 and 2 are shown).
- TTC staining Dissolve PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) in a beaker to the extent that the whole brain is immersed, and dispense 500 ⁇ L each into a 24-well plate and cool with ice. Make a 2% TTC (2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) solution. Remove the brain tissue and wash with ice-cold PBS in a beaker. A brain tissue is placed on a brain slicer (Muromachi Kikai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) that has been ice-cooled in advance, and 6 slices of coronal sections with a thickness of 1 mm are prepared using a razor.
- a brain slicer Meromachi Kikai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- the range of the created brain slice is 2mm forward from Bregma and 3mm backward.
- Evaluation in retinal ischemia model and active peptide screening is based on histochemical analysis, retinal electrogram (ERG) to measure retina thickness because it is a closed system in the eye Functional analysis has high reproducibility and high sensitivity. Based on this, the investigators positioned this model, which is actually an in vivo analysis, as an in vitro similar analysis, and searched for the active domain based on the prothymosin ⁇ -amino acid sequence, narrowing down to 6 amino acids (basic peptide P6). succeeded in.
- FIG. 9 is a photograph replacing a drawing showing a stained retina for showing the protective effect of basic peptide P6 on retinal ischemic injury.
- FIG. 10 shows retina thickness and electroretinogram when control, DMSO administration, and P6 were administered at 1 pmol, 3 pmol, and 10 pmol per eye.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the thickness of the retina.
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the value of the retinal potential using the a-wave.
- FIG. 10C is a graph showing values of retinal potential using b-wave.
- FIG. 9 shows that, for example, when P6 is administered at 3 pmol / eye or more, tissue damage is suppressed in the retinal ischemia model, and P6 has a tissue protective action.
- the basic peptide P6 (NEVDEE) has a dose-dependent protective effect from 3 pmol / eye in the functional analysis by ERG that suppressed almost complete tissue damage by intravitreal administration of 10 pmol / eye. (FIGS. 9 and 10).
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing retinal potential values of various peptides.
- FIG. 11A is a graph showing values of retinal potential using a-wave.
- FIG. 11B is a graph showing values of retinal potential using b-wave.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing retinal potential values of various peptides.
- 1-14 represent basic peptide P6 derivatives (C, M, A, N, O, B, P, Q, E, G, U, D, T, S) corresponds to peptide.
- FIG. 12A is a graph showing the value of retinal potential using a-wave.
- FIG. 12B is a graph showing the value of the retinal potential using the b-wave.
- FIG. 12 shows that 5 samples out of 14 samples have almost complete protective activity when administered at 0.1 pmol per eye.
- the protective effect at this dose is significantly higher than that of prothymosin ⁇ .
- A-D peptide in FIG. 12 The sequence and modification of the A-D peptide in FIG. 12 are simple compared to P6. These sequences are shown in Table 1. B peptide and D peptide are phosphorylated at the N-terminus, and E peptide is amidated at the C-terminus.
- FIG. 13A shows an evaluation process in the tMCAO model.
- FIG. 13B shows the evaluation score.
- FIG. 13C shows the transition of the evaluation score after 60 minutes of tMCAO.
- FIG. 13D shows the scores obtained by administering 1 mg / kg P6 after 1, 2 and 3 hours after control and 1 hour tMCAO, respectively, and evaluating motor impairment during 1-14 days. It has been confirmed that, for example, when P6 is administered at 1 mg / kg, intravenous administration after 1 hour of ischemia has a protective effect against movement disorders (FIG. 13).
- FIG. 14A shows an evaluation process in the tMCAO model.
- FIG. 14B shows the transition of the movement disorder evaluation score in the tMCAO model when A peptide was administered intravenously.
- FIG. 14C shows the transition of the movement disorder evaluation score in the tMCAO model when the B peptide was administered intravenously.
- a peptide and B peptide showed a concentration-dependent protective effect on movement disorders after treatment for 1 hour after ischemia (1-10 mg / kg).
- FIG. 14B shows that A peptide exhibits the maximum protective effect at 3 mg / kg.
- the B peptide had the maximum protective effect at 10 mg / kg.
- the C peptide, D peptide, and E peptide were also examined for the protective effect on movement disorders. As a result, it was found that these peptides do not show the movement disorder protective action as the A peptide and B peptide.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of ERG function analysis.
- FIG. 15A is a graph showing the value of retinal potential using a-wave when A peptide or B peptide was intravenously administered at 10 mg / kg 24 hours after retinal ischemia.
- FIG. 15A is a graph showing the value of retinal potential using a-wave when A peptide or B peptide was intravenously administered at 10 mg / kg 24 hours after retinal ischemia.
- 15B is a graph showing retinal potential values using b-wave when A peptide or B peptide was intravenously administered at 10 mg / kg 24 hours after retinal ischemia. 15A and 15B, when evaluated by ERG function analysis, it was revealed that the A peptide has high activity as expected.
- tPA side effects inhibitory effect of active peptide on cerebral hemorrhage
- the thrombolytic agent tPA used as a therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction is useful because it can eliminate the infarction itself during treatment in the acute phase.
- cerebral hemorrhage is caused as a side effect
- imaging diagnosis is necessary when administering tPA, and it is necessary to administer it within 3 hours after ischemia. Therefore, we analyzed the presence or absence of tPA-induced side-effect suppression effect of P6 and peptide 5 samples (AE).
- AE tPA-induced side-effect suppression effect of P6 and peptide 5 samples
- FIG. 16A is a photograph showing the bleeding action in the cerebral cortex and striatum when P6 alone or in combination with P6 and tPA 4 hours after MCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 16A shows control, P6 administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg administered, tPA alone (control), tPA and P6 administered at 1 mg / kg, administered at 3 mg / kg, administered at 10 mg / kg. Photos are shown.
- 16B and 16c are graphs showing various activities of 5 prototype peptide samples in combination with tPA.
- FIG. 16B is a quantitative analysis of a movement disorder evaluation score (Clinical Score) at 24 hours after ischemia when P6 alone or P6 and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 16B shows the scores when the control (vehicle), P6 was administered at 1,3,10 mg / kg, the tPA alone control, and tPA and P6 were simultaneously administered at 1,3,10 mg / kg.
- FIG. 16C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when P6 alone or in combination of P6 and tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- 16C shows the scores when the control, P6 was administered at 1,3,10 mg / kg, the tPA single control, and tPA and P6 were administered simultaneously at 1,3,10 mg / kg. From FIG. 16C, the exacerbation of tPA-induced movement disorder and cerebral hemorrhage were suppressed by the combined use of 1 mg / kg of P6, but the inhibitory effect decreased in a concentration-dependent manner as the dose was increased.
- FIG. 17A is a photograph showing bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when A, B, C, D, E peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- D peptide and E peptide were administered, the mouse died. This is considered to be due to the fact that the appropriate amounts of D peptide and E peptide were smaller than 10 mg / kg.
- FIG. 17B is a quantitative analysis of the movement disorder evaluation score 24 hours after ischemia when the A, B, C, D, E peptide and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 17B shows the scores when the control, A, B, C, D, and E peptides were administered intravenously at 10 mg / kg and tPA.
- FIG. 17C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when the A, B, C, D, E peptide and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 17B shows the scores when the control, A, B, C, D, and E peptides were administered intravenously at 10 mg / kg and tPA.
- FIG. 17C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when the A, B, C, D, E peptide and tPA are used together 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- 17C shows the score when 10 mg / kg of the control, tPA alone control, and tPA and A, B, C, D, and E peptides were co-administered. .
- the A peptide significantly inhibited both tPA-induced side effects of movement impairment and cerebral hemorrhage.
- B peptide tended to suppress movement disorders but had no effect on cerebral hemorrhage.
- C peptide had no effect on any side effects.
- D and E peptides killed all mice. Since P6 has an effect on the vasculature, it was shown that the D peptide and E peptide may have some effect on the vasculature.
- Example 11 The dose dependence of this inhibitory effect was examined for the A peptide that suppressed all side effects of tPA.
- 24 hours after ischemia treatment blood was removed by freezing or refluxing with PBS, and blood in the brain tissue that could not be removed by perfusion was regarded as bleeding due to cerebral vascular failure, and cerebral hemorrhage evaluation was performed.
- FIG. 18A is a photograph showing the bleeding action in the cerebral cortex and striatum when 1,3,10 mg / kg A peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- 18A shows control, A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg administered, tPA alone (control), tPA and A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, administered at 3 mg / kg, administered at 10 mg / kg.
- the photograph is shown.
- FIG. 18B is a quantitative analysis of the movement disorder evaluation score 24 (Clinical Score) at 24 hours after ischemia at the time of intravenous administration of 1,3, 10 mg / kg A peptide alone or each and tPA intravenously 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia. Analyzed.
- FIG. 18B shows control, A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg administered, tPA alone (control), tPA and A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg. The evaluation score is shown.
- FIG. 18B shows control, A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg. The evaluation score is shown.
- FIG. 18B shows control, A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg. The evaluation score is shown.
- FIG. 18B shows control, A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3
- FIG. 18C is a quantitative analysis of bleeding effects in the cerebral cortex and striatum when 1,3,10 mg / kg A peptide alone or in combination with tPA 4 hours after tMCAO ischemia.
- FIG. 18C shows control, A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, 10 mg / kg administered, tPA alone (control), tPA and A peptide administered at 1 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg administered, and 10 mg / kg administered.
- the bleeding area is shown.
- FIG. 18B the administration of A peptide alone does not show a significant protective effect at any dose (1 to 10 mg / kg intravenous administration) against ischemic 4 hours which is a strong treatment. It was. However, as shown in FIG. 18C, it was confirmed that the A peptide suppressed the exacerbation of movement disorders and cerebral hemorrhage induced by tPA treatment in a dose-dependent manner.
- PBS which is a solvent of modified P6: A
- modified P6 A administered 1,3,10 mg / kg
- modified P6 A alone administration group (1 mg / kg: 0.09 ⁇ 0.01 mm 2 , 3 mg / kg: 0.06 ⁇ 0.01 mm 2 , 10 mg / kg: 0.08 ⁇ 0.01 mm 2 ).
- modifiedP6 was used in combination with tPA in a dose-dependent clinical manner. Since the score was improved and the bleeding area was reduced (tPA + modifiedP6: A 1 mg / kg: 0.7 ⁇ 0.2 mm 2 , tPA + modifiedP6: A 3 mg / kg: 0.4 ⁇ 0.1 mm 2 , tPA + modifiedP6: A10 mg / kg: 0.2 ⁇ 0.1 mm 2 ), modified P6: A was suggested to suppress tPA-induced cerebral hemorrhage.
- Example 12 Evaluation in PIT model Attenuation of protective effect by delay of tPA treatment time Evaluation was performed in a thrombotic cerebral infarction PIT model that approximated the principle of cerebral infarction in vivo. First, the protection of tPA against the PIT model was examined, and a significant reduction in the infarct area was confirmed after 1 hour post-treatment corresponding to the hyperacute phase after thrombus formation (infarction). This protective effect was attenuated by delaying the tPA treatment time (2-4 hours). Moreover, the protective effect was not recognized about the thing which administered tPA 6 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 19 shows the administration schedule of A peptide and tPA in the PIT model.
- FIG. 20A shows light irradiation immediately after administration of rose bengal to cause thrombosis in the middle cerebral artery, followed by intravenous administration of control or A peptide 10,30 mg / kg for 5 hours, and then administration of tPA for 1 hour thereafter.
- FIG. 20A shows the results of the control, the tPA alone control, the 10, 30 mg / kg A peptide combination, and the 30 mg / kg A peptide alone.
- FIG. 20B quantifies the infarct region of FIG. 20A.
- FIG. 20C shows light irradiation immediately after administration of rose bengal to cause thrombus in the middle cerebral artery, followed by intravenous administration of control or A peptide 10,30 mg / kg for 5 hours, and then tPA for 1 hour. Finally, the movement disorder evaluation score found 24 hours after the formation of photochemical thrombus is obtained.
- FIG. 20C shows the results of the control, the tPA alone control, the 10, 30 mg / kg A peptide combination, and the 30 mg / kg A peptide alone.
- FIG. 20B quantifies the infarct region of FIG. 20A.
- FIG. 20C shows light irradiation immediately after administration of rose bengal to cause thrombus in the middle cerebral artery, followed
- FIG. 20C shows the results with the control, the tPA alone control, the 110, 30 mg / kg A peptide combination, and the 30 mg / kg A peptide alone. From FIG. 20A, FIG. 20B and FIG. 20C, when the A peptide was administered 1 hour before tPA administration (after 5 hours of ischemia), a protective effect was observed in the histochemical analysis. The effect of the A peptide was dose-dependent (10 mg / kg and 30 mg / kg). On the other hand, the protective effect was not recognized by single administration of A peptide. This protective effect is considered to be a synergistic effect of tPA and A peptide.
- the brain area damaged by TTC staining was 40 ⁇ 4.8%, and the clinical score was 1.3 ⁇ 0.4, so there was no change compared to the PIT treatment alone. I could't.
- the 10 mg / kg and 30 mg / kg groups showed a dose-dependent improvement in the brain damage area (10 mg / kg: 37 ⁇ 2.7%, 30 mg / kg: 29 ⁇ 2.1%), A peptide 30 mg / kg administration group was found to show a significant decrease in the brain damage area.
- no improvement effect was observed in the group administered with the combination of tPA and A peptide (10 mg / kgg: 1 ⁇ 0, 30 mg / kg: 1 ⁇ 0).
- the basic peptide P6 showed the maximum protective effect by vitreous administration with 10 pmol / eye. Therefore, for the prototype peptide including A peptide to E peptide, 1 pmol / eye, which is 1/10 of this dose, was set as the target value. Of the 21 samples produced, 14 samples were highly active at 1 pmol / eye compared to P6. Furthermore, 5 samples (A peptide to E peptide) were found to be 0.1 pmol / eye, ie 100 times higher activity than P6.
- the protective effect against cerebral hemorrhage which is the main side effect of the thrombolytic agent tPA, was examined.
- tMCAO model (4 hours ischemia) was treated with 10 mg / kg tPA and reperfusion was performed, the movement disorder after 1 day worsened (from score 2 to 3.5) and cerebral hemorrhage was induced. It was clarified that this exacerbation effect can be protected by treating A peptide simultaneously with tPA.
- the basic P6 peptide was also examined, it was found that P6 tends to worsen cerebral hemorrhage. Based on the above, the A peptide was made the highest priority sample as a prototype for treating cerebral infarction.
- tPA tissue plasminogen activator
- tMCAO tissue plasminogen activator
- Accelerated Rotarod test is a method specialized in the analysis of motor coordination and motor learning functions. It is known that motor coordination is reduced mainly by dysfunction of neurons existing in the striatum region. In addition, motor learning is mainly controlled by the cerebellum, and motor learning functions decline due to dysfunction of cerebellar neurons.
- the PIT model which is a cerebral infarction animal model, is a method capable of generating reactive oxygen species specific to a site irradiated with green light by administering rose bengal, a photosensitizing dye, by tail vein administration.
- the produced reactive oxygen species damages vascular endothelial cells and causes vascular occlusion by forming a thrombus. Irradiation with green light in the middle cerebral artery can cause ischemic injury in the cerebral cortex and striatum under blood flow control. For this reason, the motor dysfunction seen in the PIT model is thought to be primarily responsible for the pathophysiology of the striatum that controls motor coordination.
- Accelerated Rota rod ⁇ ⁇ test was conducted for the purpose of examining whether the A peptide found as a neuroprotective peptide can contribute to the extension of tPA treatment effective time in the PIT model from the viewpoint of motor coordination.
- Accelerated Rotarod test was performed using ROTA-ROD TREADMILL FORRATS & MICE (MK-610A, Amuromachi Machine). In this experiment, the rod rotation was accelerated from 4.5 mm to 45 mm in 5 minutes. A male mouse (C57BL / J6) weighing 20 to 25 g was placed on the rod, and the time until the mouse dropped from the rod (falling latency) was measured. This trial was conducted for 4 consecutive days, 3 consecutive days with 1 hour interval per trial, and was designated as “Training”.
- a peptide was administered at 3, 10, 30 mg / kg tail vein (iv) 5 hours after the end of PIT ischemia, followed by 6 hours after ischemia. was administered 10 mg / kg (iv) tPA.
- the effect test was performed one week later.
- the group treated with iv rose bengal and not irradiated with green light was referred to as the Sham group.
- the administration of rose bengal iv and irradiation with green light were performed, 5 hours later the solvent PBS (100 ⁇ L / 10 g, iv), 6 hours later
- the vehicle group was treated with physiological saline (iv 100 ⁇ L / 10 g).
- Solvent PBS 100L / 10g, iv) after 5 hours, tPA (10mg / kg, after 6 hours) iv) Treated with tPA alone group, and after 5 hours, solvent A peptide (100 ⁇ L / 10 g, iv) After 6 hours, those treated with tPA (10 mg / kg, iv) were treated with the A peptide + tPA treatment group.
- FIG. 21 is a line graph showing the time until the vehicle becomes unable to run, showing the result of the accelerated rotarod test.
- A represents the A peptide.
- FIG. 22 is a bar graph showing the average value of the training period and the average value after 7 days.
- FIG. 23 is a reference diagram showing sequences of P6, A peptide to E peptide.
- the A peptide has an action of suppressing side effects caused by tPA.
- FIG. 24 is a reference diagram showing the sequences of P6, A peptide to U peptide.
- PE stands for pyroglutamic acid
- Ac-N represents acetyl asparagine
- E-NH 2 represents glutamic acid amide (isoglutamine)
- Nva represents norvaline
- Nle represents norleucine.
- FIG. 25 is a photograph replacing a drawing which shows the results of TTC staining of the striatum when peptide and tPA were appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 26A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 26B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- the clinical score was 1.5 ⁇ 0.1 for the PIT treatment alone, and 1.4 ⁇ 0.1 for the group administered tPA alone 6 hours after the PIT treatment.
- modified P6 was used in combination with tPA (tPA + B: 1 ⁇ 0, tPA + C: 1.5 ⁇ 0.4, tPA + D: 1 ⁇ 0, tPA + E: 1.2 ⁇ 0.2 , tPA + F: 1.2 ⁇ 0.2, tPA + G: 1.2 ⁇ 0.2).
- FIG. 27 is a photograph replacing a drawing which shows the results of TTC staining of the striatum when peptide and tPA were appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 28A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 28B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- FIG. 29 is a photograph replacing a drawing which shows the results of TTC staining of the striatum when peptide and tPA were appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 30A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 30B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- FIG. 31 is a photograph replacing a drawing which shows the results of TTC staining of the striatum when peptide and tPA were appropriately administered 5 hours after ischemia.
- FIG. 32A is a graph showing infarct volume (%).
- FIG. 32B is a graph showing an evaluation score.
- the blood-brain barrier ameliorating agent of the present invention can improve the weakening of the blood-brain barrier that may occur due to cerebral ischemia. Therefore, the agent of the present invention can be a therapeutic agent for diseases caused by blood-brain barrier disorders.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 ProT ⁇ 6 (P6)
- SEQ ID NO: 2 P6 derivative peptide (A peptide)
- SEQ ID NO: 3 P6 derivative peptide (B peptide)
- SEQ ID NO: 4 P6 derivative peptide (C peptide)
- SEQ ID NO: 5 P6 derivative peptide (D peptide)
- SEQ ID NO: 6 P6 derivative peptide (E peptide)
- SEQ ID NO: 8 Full length mouse prothymosin ⁇
- SEQ ID NO: 9 Full length rat prothymosin ⁇
- SEQ ID NO: 10 ProT ⁇ 30
- SEQ ID NO: 13 Peptide consisting of 7 amino acids from rat 51 and mouse prothymosin ⁇ SEQ
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Abstract
Description
NEVDEEEEE(配列番号30)
P+2N/-2C:
D NEVDEEEE(配列番号31)
あるいは、各臓器の虚血により血液臓器関門が脆弱化した場合であって、血栓溶解剤の適用対象外と判断されるような場合であっても、従来公知の血栓溶解剤と本発明の剤とを併用することによって、血栓溶解剤による血液臓器関門からの出血といった副作用を心配することなく虚血性疾患を治療することができる。
本発明の血液臓器関門障害改善剤の有効成分は、プロサイモシンαの51番目から56番目の6アミノ酸からなるペプチド(本明細書中、「ProTα6」や「P6」と記載する場合がある;配列番号1)等であり、従来知られているプロサイモシンα全長やプロサイモシンα由来のペプチドに比べて、製造・加工が容易であって、かつ同等以上の虚血改善効果を有している。したがって当該ペプチドは、血液臓器関門障害の改善剤や、血液臓器関門障害を伴う疾患の治療剤、また虚血性疾患の治療剤等の有効成分として、より有用である。
プロサイモシンα(以下、「ProTα」と記載する場合がある)とは、神経細胞死からの保護機能・神経細胞死抑制機能を有し、また「脳虚血性の血液脳関門脆弱化を顕著に抑制し、血液脳関門障害を改善する機能」をも有することが知られている公知のタンパク質である。
NEVDEEEEE(配列番号30)
P+2N/-2C:
D NEVDEEEE(配列番号31)
本発明の血液脳関門障害改善剤は,本発明のペプチドを有効成分として含有する。このため本発明の血液脳関門障害改善剤は,脳虚血により生じる血液脳関門の脆弱性を保護し,血液脳関門障害を改善することができる。従って本発明の血液脳関門障害改善剤は,それが有する神経保護作用によって血液脳関門を保護すると共に,脳血管障害により脆弱化した血液脳関門をも改善することができるので,脳虚血性の疾患全般,特に血液脳関門障害を伴う疾患の予防または治療に有用である。
代表的な血液臓器関門である血液脳関門を解剖学的に見ると、血液脳関門を構成する脳毛細血管内皮細胞がタイトジャンクションを形成し、細胞間隙への物質透過性を制限していることが理解できる。つまり血液脳関門の存在により、脳組織をはじめとする中枢神経系へ血管内の成分が流れ込まなくなるため、中枢神経系の生化学的恒常性が高度に維持されている。血液脳関門に異常を生じた場合、脳血管内と脳内の選択的な物質透過性に異常が生じ、これらの異常が結果的に中枢神経系に影響を及ぼすこととなる。
したがって血管梗塞治療に適用するか否か検討されるべきtPAなどの血栓溶解剤は、例えば脳梗塞の場合、梗塞後6時間(好ましくは3時間)以内にその病態が確認できた場合でしか使用できないために、ほとんどが適用外となってしまう。
それに対しProTαは、脳梗塞のような血栓の排除に急を要する一方で必ず出血を避けなければならないような疾患に対する治療に用いることができる。すなわち、梗塞部位周囲の神経細胞死を抑制して臓器の恒常性を維持し、梗塞部位の障害を改善することが可能であるだけでなく、後述するように、tPAなどの血栓溶解剤を併用することができるよう、血液脳関門などの血液臓器関門の脆弱性を改善する目的でも用いることが可能なものである。
本発明の血液臓器関門障害改善剤は、このような血液臓器関門障害を改善し、血液臓器関門を保護するものである。
例えば血液脳関門の異常を確認する場合、大脳皮質知覚領域における毛細血管の数量や長さを通常の状態と比較する。すなわち大脳皮質知覚領域における毛細血管が少なければ、脳梗塞に伴い血液脳関門の異常が発生していると判断することができるし、大脳皮質知覚領域における毛細血管が適量であれば、血液脳関門の異常は無いものと判断することができる。毛細血管の長さや量は自体公知の方法によって判別することができるが、そのような方法としては、「生体の科学;55(3)巻、266-272頁(森川俊一、江崎太一著)、2004年」に記載のレクチン(例、トマトレクチン)による血管内皮細胞の染色が挙げられる。
ペプチド末端の修飾方法としては、上述した本発明のペプチドが有する機能を阻害しないものであれば特に限定されないが、当該機能を向上させる、あるいは本発明のペプチドの体内での分解を抑制するといった観点から、アセチル化またはアミド化であることが望ましい。本発明のペプチドをペプチド末端でアセチル化またはアミド化することによって、本発明のペプチドの機能を向上させ、あるいは体内での分解を抑制することができる。
ペプチド末端におけるアセチル化またはアミド化は、当業者であれば適切な手法を適宜選択して行うことが可能である。例えば、本発明のペプチドは、N末端がアセチル化され、かつ/又はC末端がアミド化されたペプチドである。最も好ましい本発明のポリペ
プチドは、配列番号1のアミノ酸配列を有し、そのN末端がアセチル化され、C末端がアミド化されたペプチド(N-アセチル-P6-アミド;mP6やFペプチドともいう)である。
すなわち本発明の血液臓器関門障害改善剤は、本発明のペプチドが有する細胞保護作用によって、血液臓器関門周囲の神経組織を保護すると共に、血管障害により脆弱化した血液臓器関門をも改善し、血液臓器関門を保護することができる。したがって虚血性の疾患全般、血液臓器関門障害を伴う疾患、特に脳神経系組織における虚血性疾患、脳神経系臓器における血液臓器関門障害を伴う疾患の予防または治療に有用である。
臓器としては、脳神経系の臓器であることが好ましい。本発明の「血液臓器関門障害を伴う疾患の治療剤」に含まれる「本発明のペプチド」は、特に脳神経系の血液臓器関門の障害に対し有効に機能するので、当該剤は、脳神経系の血液臓器関門障害を伴う疾患の治療に有用である。
また血液臓器関門障害が、血液網膜関門障害である場合、血液網膜関門障害を伴う疾患として具体的には、緑内障、糖尿病性網膜症又は網膜剥離治療時の圧迫性障害などが挙げられる。
なおここでいう疾患の「治療」には、疾患を完治させる場合のみならず、病状を軽減させる場合や病状の悪化を阻止する場合なども含まれる。
虚血性疾患としては、脳神経系組織の虚血により生じる虚血性疾患(脳卒中、脳梗塞、脳血栓、一過性脳虚血発作など)、心臓組織の虚血により生じる虚血性疾患(虚血性心疾患;例えば心筋梗塞、狭心症など)、腸組織の虚血により生じる虚血性腸疾患(虚血性腸疾患;例えば急性腸間膜動脈閉塞症、虚血性大腸炎、腹部アンギナなど)が挙げられるが、好ましくは、脳神経系組織の虚血により生じる虚血性疾患である。
しかしながら、本発明の「虚血性疾患の治療剤」に含まれる本発明のペプチドは、梗塞部位周囲の神経細胞死を抑制して臓器の恒常性を維持し、梗塞部位の障害を改善するだけでなく、さらに虚血により生じる血液臓器関門の脆弱化を改善し、血液臓器関門を保護することができる。本発明のペプチドは出血を引き起こさないので、虚血性疾患等の治療において、出血の有無を確認することなく早期に投与することが可能である。したがって、本発明のペプチド、あるいは本発明の「虚血性疾患の治療剤」を用いることにより、血液臓器関門の構造が維持され、血栓溶解剤の副作用として考えられる脆弱血管から出血するリスクが極めて低くなる。
tPAは、市販されているものを用いてもよいし、また公知の方法で合成したものを用いてもよい。
併用される他の公知の血管障害治療剤の投与量は、用途や投与対象の年齢、体重、性別、疾患の程度等の要件によって適宜変更可能であるが、例えば、tPAの場合、虚血性疾患の治療に一般に使用される量を用いることができ、通常げっ歯類では約10mg/kg、ヒトでは約0.6mg/kgである。
よって本発明は、本発明のペプチドを有効成分として含有する、神経細胞死抑制剤を提供する。
適切な薬学的に許容される担体あるいは希釈剤としては特に限定されず、自体公知の担体あるいは希釈剤を適用することが可能であるが、例えばRemington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences等に記載されたものが挙げられる。
より具体的には、本発明のペプチドを、水、生理食塩水、等張化した緩衝液等の適当な溶媒に溶解することで注射剤とする。その際、ポリエチレングリコール、グルコース、各種アミノ酸、コラーゲン、アルブミン等を保護剤として添加して調製することが可能である。また、リボソーム等の封入体にペプチドを包埋させて投与することも可能である。
特許文献2で既に特定したペプチド9(=ProTα9)の誘導化を目指し、アミノ酸配列を前後させる、あるいはN末端およびC末端を欠損するなどした11種類のペプチドの効果を評価した。活性評価は網膜虚血モデルにおける一週間後のERGを指標とした。結果を図2に示す。図中のP1-9はペプチド9を示し、+1N/-1Cはペプチド9の配列のN末端側に1アミノ酸付加、C末端側を1アミノ酸削除したことを示す。
ラットプロサイモシンαの50番目~58番目のアミノ酸からなる9アミノ酸のペプチド(P+2N/-2C)及び51番目~57番目のアミノ酸からなる7アミノ酸のペプチド(P+1N/-3C)も、51番目~56番目のアミノ酸からなるペプチド(P+1N/-4C)と同等の活性を有するが、51番目~55番目のアミノ酸からなる5アミノ酸のペプチド(P+1N/-5C)及び49番目~57番目のアミノ酸からなる9アミノ酸のペプチド(P+3N/-3C)では活性が低下した。従って、最短でかつ活性を維持しているペプチド配列として配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドP6(P+1N/-4C;即ちProTα6)を見出した。
P+2N/-2Cは,配列番号9で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する全長ラットプロサイモンシンαにおいて50番目から58番目のアミノ酸配列)を有するペプチド(配列番号31で示されるペプチド)である。P+3N/-3Cは,配列番号9で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する全長ラットプロサイモンシンαにおいて49番目から57番目のアミノ酸配列)を有するペプチド(配列番号13で示されるペプチド)である。P+1N/-3Cは,配列番号9で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する全長ラットプロサイモンシンαにおいて51番目から57番目のアミノ酸配列)を有するペプチド(配列番号32で示されるP7ペプチド)である。P+1N/-4Cは,配列番号9で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する全長ラットプロサイモンシンαにおいて51番目から56番目のアミノ酸配列)を有するペプチド(P6ペプチド:配列番号1で示されるペプチド)である。P+1N/-5Cは,配列番号9で示されるアミノ酸配列を有する全長ラットプロサイモンシンαにおいて51番目から55番目のアミノ酸配列)を有するペプチドである。
ERGでは、光照射から視神経(神経節細胞)に至る活動を評価することができる。角膜の後極に対する電位差は+2~17mVであるが(網膜の静止電位)、光刺激後、15msecの潜時で内向きの電圧変化a-wave(a波)が生じ、その後外向きの電圧変化b-wave(b波)が生じる。a波は外顆粒層(視細胞)の働きを反映し、b波は内顆粒層から神経節細胞層までの機能を反映している。a波及びb波は、虚血処理の1週間後の時点ではほぼ完全に消失し、電位は平坦なものになる。a波及びb波の消失は、網膜虚血障害により網膜機能が低下したことを示す。神経保護タンパク質であるプロサイモシンα 1pmol(PBS溶液中)を虚血の24時間後に硝子体内に注入すると、その内向き、外向きの電流がほぼ完全に回復することが知られている(非特許文献4(Fujita et al.、Cell Death and Differ,2009))。
ERG(Electroretinogram;網膜電位図)を用いて、虚血処理後の網膜虚血障害に対する各プロサイモシンα由来ペプチド(即ち、ProTα30(ラットプロサイモシンαの49番目~78番目のアミノ酸からなるペプチド;配列番号10)、ProTα9(ラットプロサイモシンαの52番目~60番目のアミノ酸からなるペプチド;配列番号11)、ProTα6、及びProTα6のN末端をアセチル化しC末端をアミド化したペプチド(それぞれ、P30、P9、P6およびmP6と略記する)の効果を測定した。虚血処理は、マウス前眼房に130mmHgの水圧を45分間適用することにより行った。網膜電位の測定は、虚血処理の1週間後に行った。虚血処理の1週間後、マウスを3時間暗順応させた。その後光を短時間照射し、角膜に装置した電極を用いて静止電位の変化を測定した。
本実施例では、プロサイモシンαの部分ペプチドP30及びP9(特許文献2)、並びにP6及びP6の誘導体であるmP6(N-acetyl-P6-amide)を、虚血の24時間後に硝子体内に投与した。
結果を図3に示す(左図:a波;右図:b波)。縦軸は電圧の変化分を示し、横軸は各ペプチドの投与量(pmol)を示す。図3から明らかなように、P30とP6は、1~10pmolの濃度範囲ではほぼ同等の優れた網膜虚血障害抑制効果を示した。P9の活性はP30及びP6よりむしろ弱く、同等の効果を得るのに6倍程度高い濃度が必要であった。さらに、P6ペプチドの末端修飾誘導体mP6は、P30やP6よりも高い効果を有しており、P6よりも4倍低い濃度でも同等の網膜虚血障害抑制効果を示した。
タイトジャンクションタンパク質オクルディンは、虚血により発現が上昇するメタロプロテアーゼ(MMP)によって分解されることが知られている(J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2007. 27(4): p. 697-709)。特にMMP-9は、虚血による血液臓器関門破綻において中心的な役割を担うと考えられている(J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2000. 20(12): p. 1681-9)。
MMP-9の発現レベルは通常低いが、虚血による様々な刺激により発現が誘導される。MMP-9の活性をゼラチンザイモグラフィーで評価したところ、網膜虚血により12時間後のproMMP-9の活性は著しく上昇するが、網膜虚血3時間後にP6 10 pmolを硝子体内投与した場合、虚血によるproMMP-9活性上昇を半分程度抑制した。
P6のC末端をアミド化したP6-NH2も同様に10 pmolでproMMP-9活性を半分以下に抑制した。また、P6のN末端をアセチル化、C末端をアミド化したmP6は1 pmolでP6と同等の効果を示した。
MMP-2は恒常的に発現しているが、網膜虚血により著しく活性が上昇した。MMP-2に関してもproMMP-9と同様にP6誘導体ペプチドを投与した場合、活性は抑制された(図4)。
C57BL/J6マウスの左中大脳動脈を梗塞して作成した脳虚血モデルマウスを1時間維持し、次いで再灌流した。再灌流の1時間後にP30(1mg/kg又は3mg/kg)又はP6(1mg/kg)を尾静脈内投与し、その後24時間毎にマウスの経過を観察して運動機能及び生存を評価した。運動障害を表す臨床スコアは以下の5段階で評価した:1:右前肢を完全に伸長することができない、2:右方向への旋回行動、3:体勢を保てず右方向に傾く、4:自発運動の消失、5:死。
図5から明らかなように、3mg/kgのP30投与では、有意な保護効果が観察され、臨床スコアは平均2程度に低下したが、1mg/kgでは保護効果が低く、8日目以降にはスコアが平均して4程度であった。これに対し、P6は1mg/kgでも臨床スコアが平均2程度に低下し、有意な保護効果を有することがわかる。1mg/kgのP6は、3mg/kgのP30とほぼ同等の有効性であった。
1時間のtMCAO、再灌流の2時間後は、実際の脳卒中発生の3時間後に相当する。つまりP6は、脳卒中で倒れてから3時間後に投与しても、脳卒中に対する十分な保護効果を奏すると言える。
C57BL/J6マウス(雄性、体重21~26g)の左中大脳動脈を梗塞による脳虚血を1時間維持し、次いで再灌流した。再灌流の0.5時間後及び3時間後の2回、vehicleまたはP6(0.1mg/kg)を静脈内投与(i.v.)し、さらに再灌流24時間後にペントバルビタール50
mg/kgを腹腔内投与することにより全身麻酔を施し、処置マウスを37℃に保温したベッドの上に静置し、PBSに溶解した1 mg/mLのビオチン化トマトレクチン(SIGMA、Lot番号048K3786)100μLを2~3分かけてゆっくりと静脈内投与した。5分後パラホルムアルデヒド(PFA)により全身を灌流固定し、脳を取り出し、室温にてさらに3時間4%PFA処置した。その後25%蔗糖液に入れ4℃で一晩なじませた。脳はOCTコンパウンドにより凍結包埋し、大脳皮質知覚領S1(CS1)やS2(CS2)を含む面で50μmの厚さの切片を作製し、シランコーティングされたスライドガラス上で貼付し、一晩ヒーター上で乾燥させた。その後、Alexa Fluor488でラベルされたストレプトアビジン(2%BSA/PBST液にて300倍希釈)を用いてトマトレクチンの蛍光染色を行い、その後蛍光退色防止剤であるFluoromount(日本ターナー株式会社)で固定し、一晩暗所静置し、後に共焦点レーザー顕微鏡LSM5 PASCAL(Carl Zeiss)で観察した。蛍光シグナルはデコンボリューション法により、およそ30μmの範囲の蛍光全量を積算解析した。
対照群マウスでは、大脳皮質の虚血中心部コア(core)と線条体(striatum)の領域では、contraに比べipsiで血管密度が減少していたが、P6投与群では、core及びstriatumで血管密度の改善が見られ、ipsiでもcontraと同程度の染色結果が得られた。striatumでの血管保護作用が特に顕著であった。
4時間のtMCAOを行い、1日後の臨床スコアと死亡率を評価した(図8)。Vehicle、tPA 10 mg/kg、tPA+P6 1 mg/kgは再灌流直前に尾静脈投与した。4時間のtMCAOは、虚血性疾患の発症後3時間以降に相当する。tPA処置によりVehicle群と比較して運動障害は悪化したが、tPAとP6を併用すると有意に抑制された(左図)。
また、虚血1日後の死亡率を評価した結果、Vehicle投与群では8.3%しか死亡しないのに対し、tPA投与群では35.7%のマウスが死亡した。しかしながら、tPAとP6を併用すると全てのマウスが生存した。
脳梗塞治療薬
配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列,又は配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列から1個又は2個のアミノ酸が欠失,付加,置換,又は挿入されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドまたはその塩を公知の方法により合成した。得られたペプチドは,22種類であった。22種類のペプチドには,配列番号1~6で表わされるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及びその塩が含まれていた。tPAは,協和発酵キリン株式会社(東京,日本)より購入した。配列番号1~6で表わされるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド及びその塩を,それぞれP6,Aペプチド,Bペプチド,Cペプチド,Dペプチド及びEペプチドとした。
本実験で使用したC57/BL6J系雄性マウス6~9週齢(19~28g)は,恒温(22±2℃)の部屋で12時間毎の昼夜自然管理下において飼育し,水道水及び一般動物用固形飼料(MF, オリエンタル酵母,東京,日本)を自由に摂取させた。以下に示す全ての実験は,長崎大学動物実験指針で定める方法に準じて行った。
ペントバルビタール75mg/kgをマウス腹腔内に投与し麻酔をかけた。37℃Cの恒温台の上にマウスを置き,体温を維持する。硝子体を1%の硫酸アトロピンで散瞳させ,無菌眼内潅流溶液(BSS PLUS dilution buffer; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA)の容器を予め水面がマウスの眼より135.5 cm(100 mmHg)の高さになるようにつり上げておき,灌流溶液を小児用輸液セットに接続した33Gの注射針を針先から少し垂らしながら前眼房に刺入し固定した。前房に針を刺入した後,灌流系を解放することにより前眼房内に圧力(100 mmHg)を45分間負荷した(マウス正常眼圧は15 mmHg程度)。これらの操作は実体顕微鏡下で行い,眼圧の上昇により網膜虚血が惹起されていることを網膜内血流の遮断を指標に目視にて確認した。虚血負荷終了後に注射針を抜き,眼圧を低下させることにより網膜を再灌流させた。モデルは虚血-再灌流法を用いた一般的緑内障モデルであり,既存の緑内障治療薬であるアンジオテンシン変換酵素阻害薬の全身投与により神経保護効果を示すこと等が知られている。
標本作製:ペントバルビタール50 mg/kgをマウス腹腔内に投与し麻酔をかけた。心臓からK+ free PBS 40 mlを灌流して脱血し,4% PFA 30 mlを灌流して固定した。マウスから眼球を取り出し,室温で3時間,4% PFAで浸漬固定した。25%
スクロースに置換し,8時間以上組織が沈むまで4度Cでインキュベーションした。その後,組織表面の水分を拭き取った後,OCTコンパウンドで包埋した。凍結ミクロトームCM1900で10μM厚切り切片を作成し,シランコーティングしたスライドガラスに張り付けた。ヒーターの中で一晩乾燥させた。
マウスを暗室にて3時間暗順応させた後,ペントバルビタール50 mg/kgをマウス腹腔内に投与し麻酔をかけた。1% アトロピン点眼にて瞳孔を開かせた後,コンタクト電極(KE-S; Kyoto contact lenses, 京都,日本)を角膜先端に設置し,鉄電極を眼近傍に設置した。皮下プラチナ針電極は,腹部に設置した。ERGはSLS-3100 (日本光電,東京,日本)にて20Jの閃光にて誘発させ,MEB-9104
(日本光電) にて2分ごとに30分間計測した。バックグラウンド補正は,通常時の明時における反応を2分ごとに20分間計測したものを使用した。計測されるa波,b波の増幅は,Neuropack(日本光電)にて定量した。
マウスを3% イソフルラン(エスカイン(登録商標),マイラン製薬株式会社,東京,日本)で麻酔をかけた(Small animal anesthetizer MK-A100,室町機械株式会社,東京,日本)。摂氏37度の恒温台(池本理化学株式会社,東京,日本)の上で咽頭部位の皮膚を鋏で2 cmほど縦に切る。硬質絹糸(硬質8号,夏目製作所)で皮を右側に引っ張り,視野を確保した。実体顕微鏡を使い,結合組織,神経などを剥離しながら気管左に位置する左総頸動脈を硬質絹糸で確保する。総頸動脈を上方へ辿ると内頸動脈と外頸動脈に分かれるので,左手前側の外頸動脈を二か所,軟質絹糸で硬く結び,間を切る。内頸動脈から上部に伸びる細い血管を軟質絹糸で確保する。軟質絹糸と硬質絹糸を強く引っ張り血流を止めて,内頸動脈に鋏で切りこみを入れる。そこから塞栓子を1から1.5 cm挿入し,中大脳動脈を閉塞する。内頸動脈を塞栓子ごと軟質絹糸で結び,塞栓子を固定した。引っ張っている硬質絹糸の下に軟質絹糸を通し,硬質絹糸の手前で総頸動脈を結んでから硬質絹糸を外す。軟質絹糸で胸を2か所縫合する。本課題の一過性中大脳動脈閉塞モデル(tMCAO)の場合,1時間,または4時間後に再び摂氏37度の恒温台の上でマウスに3% イソフルランで麻酔をかけ,胸を縫合した軟質絹糸をほどき,胸を開ける。内頸動脈を結んでいた軟質絹糸を緩め,塞栓子を抜去し,すぐに再び内頸動脈を結んだ。
PIT)モデル
マウスを3% イソフルラン(エスカイン(登録商標),マイラン製薬株式会社,東京,日本)で麻酔をかけた(Small animal anesthetizer MK-A100,室町機械株式会社,東京,日本)。術中は、2.5% イソフルランで麻酔効果の維持を行った。摂氏37度の恒温台(池本理化学株式会社,東京,日本)の上で左耳と左眼の間の皮膚を5-6 mm切開した。側頭筋縁に沿って眼科用ハサミを入れ、頭蓋骨と側頭筋の付着部を切開し、側頭筋下の中大脳動脈領域の頭蓋骨を露出した。軟質絹糸で四方向に皮膚および側頭筋を引っ張ることで視野を確保した後,実体顕微鏡下にて中大脳動脈領域の頭蓋骨にドリルで約1.5 mm径の小孔を開けた。ローズベンガル(Wako)30 mg/kgを尾静脈内投与し,直後にUVスポット光源(L-4887-13;浜松ホトニクス,静岡,日本)に接続したライトガイド(A4888;浜松ホトニクス,静岡,日本)の先端部を,硬膜下に確認される遠位中大脳動脈に垂直に充て緑色光を10分間照射した。その後,中大脳動脈が変化(細くなる or 血赤色が薄くなる)していることを確認した後,側頭筋を戻し,皮膚を軟質絹糸にて縫合した。
脳虚血に伴う運動機能障害の程度を評価するため,以下の定義による神経学的スコア(Clinical
Scores)を用いた。また,1~4の各数値は2段階評価とした(スコア1と2を示すなら,1.5とした)。
1:右前肢の運動機能障害,2:一方向性の行動をとる,3:体勢を保てず傾く,4:自発運動の消失,5:死亡
PBS(phosphate-bufferd saline)をビーカーに全脳が浸かる程度,また24穴プレートに500 μLずつ分注し氷冷する。2% TTC(2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)溶液を作成する。脳組織を摘出し,ビーカー内で氷冷しておいたPBSで洗浄する。予め氷冷しておいたブレインスライサー(室町機械株式会社,東京,日本)上に脳組織を設置し,剃刀を用いて厚さ1mmの冠状断面の脳切片を6枚作成する。作成した脳切片の範囲はBregmaから前方に2mmから後方に3mmの位置までとする。脳切片は速やかに24穴プレートに氷冷したPBS内に1枚ずつ浸し,2% TTC溶液に置換する。その後遮光して室温で15~20分間インキュベートした後,4% PFAで固定し観察を行った。
独立した2群間については,F-testによる分散分析後にStudent’s t-testを用いて有意差検定を行った。多群間解析については,One-factor ANOVA,repeated measure ANOVAによる分散分析後にDunnett’s testを用いて有意差検定を行った。
網膜虚血モデルにおける硝子体内投与処置における評価は,眼内という閉鎖系であることから網膜の厚みを測定する組織化学的解析,網膜電位図 (ERG)による機能解析は,高い再現性と高感度性を有する。このことから,研究責任者らは,実際in vivo解析である本モデルをin vitro類似解析と位置づけ,プロサイモシンαアミノ酸配列を基に活性ドメインの探索を行い,6アミノ酸(基本ペプチドP6)までの絞り込みに成功した。
図9は,基本ペプチドP6の網膜虚血障害保護効果を示すための染色された網膜を示す図面に替わる写真である。図10は,対照,DMSO投与,P6を1眼当たり1pmol,3pmol,及び10pmol投与した場合の網膜の厚さ及び網膜電位図である。図10Aは,網膜の厚さを示すグラフである。図10Bは,a-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図10Cは,b-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図9から,例えば,P6を3pmol/目以上投与した場合網膜虚血モデルにおいて組織障害を抑制し,P6に組織保護作用があることがわかる。なお,網膜虚血モデルにおいて,基本ペプチドP6(NEVDEE)は,10 pmol/eyeの硝子体内投与でほぼ完全な組織障害を抑制したERGによる機能解析においては3 pmol/eyeから用量依存的な保護効果を示すことが明らかとなった(図9,図10)。
P6のアミノ酸配列を基に,アミノ酸改変体,N末端のアセチル化,C末端のアミド化等の修飾体スクリーニングペプチドを21サンプル作製し,網膜虚血モデルにおけるERG解析にて評価を行った。P6の10倍活性の高い1
pmol/eyeを目標値と設定しており,本用量でスクリーニングを行ったところ,14サンプルがP6と比較して高活性を示しポジティブとした(図11)。図11は,様々なペプチドの網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図11Aは,a-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図中のアンダーラインを付けたペプチドは左からそれぞれ、基本ペプチドP6誘導体F,H,I, J, L, K, C, M, A, N, O, D, B, P,
Q, R, S, T, U, E, Gペプチドである。図11Bは,b-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。
ポジティブペプチドから,より高活性のペプチドを抽出するため,用量0.1
pmol/eyeにおける保護効果をERG機能解析にて評価した(図12)。図12は,様々なペプチドの網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図中1-14はそれぞれ基本ペプチドP6誘導体(C, M, A, N, O, B, P, Q, E, G, U, D, T,
S)ペプチドに相当する。図12Aは,a-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図12Bは,b-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。
tMCAOモデルにおける評価
基本ペプチドP6活性の運動障害保護効果
P6はtMCAOモデル(60 min虚血)において長急性期に相当する虚血1時間後静脈内投与で運動障害に対し保護効果を有することを評価した。図13Aは,tMCAOモデルにおける評価工程を示す。図13Bは,評価スコアを示す。図13Cは,60分のtMCAOを行った後の評価スコアの変遷を示す。図13Dは,対照,1時間のtMCAO後、それぞれさらに1,2,3時間後に1mg/kgのP6を投与し、1‐14日後の間の運動障害を評価したスコアを示す。虚血1時間後静脈内投与で運動障害に対し保護効果を有することは,例えばP6を1mg/kgで投与した場合について確認できた(図13)。
高活性プロトタイプペプチドの評価については,有効用量の低下,もしくは有効濃度域の拡大(用量依存性)について評価を行った。図14Aは,tMCAOモデルにおける評価工程を示す。図14Bは,Aペプチドを静脈内投与した場合のtMCAOモデルでの運動障害評価スコアの変遷を示す。図14Cは,Bペプチドを静脈内投与した場合のtMCAOモデルでの運動障害評価スコアの変遷を示す。Aペプチド及びBペプチドは,虚血後1時間後処置にて,濃度依存的な運動障害保護効果を示した(1-10 mg/kg)。
図15Aは,Aペプチド又はBペプチドを網膜虚血後24時間に10mg/kg静脈内したときのa-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。
図15Bは,Aペプチド又はBペプチドを網膜虚血後24時間に10mg/kg静脈内したときのb-波を用いた網膜電位の値を示すグラフである。図15A及び図15Bから,ERG機能解析にて評価したところ,予想通りAペプチドが高活性を有することが明らかとなった。
tPA副作用:脳出血に対する活性ペプチドの抑制効果
次に,P6の血管系に対する効果について着目した。脳梗塞治療薬として使用される血栓溶解剤tPAは,急性期における処置では梗塞自体を消失させることから有用である。しかし,副作用として脳出血を惹起することから,tPAを投与する際に画像診断が必要であり,更に虚血後3時間以内に投与する必要がある。そこで,P6,及びペプチド5サンプル(A-E)のtPA誘発性の副作用抑制効果の有無について解析を行った。tPAによる脳出血を有意に誘発させることを目的として,虚血4時間処置後に10 mg/kg tPAを処置し,再還流を行う系を用いた。
P6の結果を基に10mg/kg投与において,tPAの副作用を抑制するか否かをプロトタイプペプチド5サンプル(A~Eペプチド)について解析を行った。図17Aは,tMCAO虚血4時間後にA,B,C,D,Eペプチド単独あるいはそれぞれとtPAの併用時の大脳皮質および線条体における出血作用を示す写真である。Dペプチド及びEペプチドを投与した場合はマウスが死亡した。これは,Dペプチド及びEペプチドの適正量が10mg/kgより小さな値であったことによると考えられる。
tPAのいずれの副作用も抑制したAペプチドについて,本抑制効果の用量依存性について検討を行った。4時間の中大脳動脈閉塞によるtMCAOモデルを作成し,再灌流直後にmodified
P6: A(Aペプチド)の溶媒であるPBSをi.v.投与したVehicle投与群、Aペプチドを1, 3, 10 mg/kg (i.v.)投与したAペプチド単独投与群、10 mg/kgのtPAをi.v.投与したtPA単独投与群、10 mg/kgのtPAとともにAペプチドを1, 3, 10 mg/kg (i.v.)投与した併用投与群の計8群におけるtMCAO処置24時間後の運動障害、ならびに虚血処置24時間後に凍り非やPBSを用いた還流により血液を序去し、灌流により除去できなかった脳組織内の血液を脳血管の破綻による出血とし、脳出血評価を実施した。
scoreの改善ならびに出血領域の縮小を示したことから(tPA + modifiedP6:A
1mg/kg:0.7±0.2mm2,tPA +
modifiedP6:A 3mg/kg:0.4±0.1mm2, tPA + modifiedP6:A10 mg/kg:
0.2±0.1mm2)、modifiedP6: AがtPA誘発性の脳出血を抑制することが示唆された。
PITモデルにおける評価
tPA治療時間の遅延による保護効果の減弱
生体内での脳梗塞発症原理に近似した血栓性脳梗塞PITモデルにおける評価を行った。第一にPITモデルに対するtPAの保護について検討したところ,血栓形成(梗塞)後,超急性期に相当する1時間後処置では,有意な梗塞領域の減少が確認された。この保護効果はtPA処置時間を遅延(2~4時間)させることで減弱した。また,虚血6時間後にtPAを投与したものについては,保護効果が認められなかった。しかしながら,虚血6時間後にtPAを投与したものであっても,副作用といえる障害の増悪を認められなかったことから,より処置時間を遅延させた系で検討する必要もあると考えられる。運動障害を評価するクリニカルスコアについては,PITモデルは適さないことが明らかとなり,ローターロッド法等の行動学的手法で評価することとした。
tMCAOモデルにおいて,tPA副作用抑制効果を有したAペプチドを虚血後4時間後にtPAのPITモデルにおけるtPAとの併用効果について解析を行った。図19は,PITモデルにおけるAペプチド及びtPAの投与計画を示す。図20Aは,ローズベンガル投与後すぐに光照射し、中大脳動脈に血栓を生じさせ、その後5時間に対照あるいはAペプチド10,30mg/kgを静脈内投与、さらにその後1時間にtPAを投与し、最終的に光化学的血栓形成後24時間に認められる大脳皮質と線条体領域の脳梗塞を示した写真を示す。図20Aでは対照、tPA単独対照、10, 30mg/kg Aペプチド併用、30mg/kg Aペプチド単独による結果を示す。図20Bは,図20Aの梗塞領域を定量化したものである。図20Cは,ローズベンガル投与後すぐに光照射し、中大脳動脈に血栓を生じさせ、その後5時間に対照あるいはAペプチド10,30mg/kgを静脈内投与、さらにその後1時間にtPAを投与し、最終的に光化学的血栓形成後24時間に認められる運動障害評価スコアをもとめたものである。図20Cでは対照、tPA単独対照、110,30mg/kg Aペプチド併用、30mg/kg Aペプチド単独による結果を示す。図20A,図20B及び図20Cから,AペプチドをtPA投与の1時間前(虚血5hr後)に投与したところ,組織化学的解析において保護効果が認められた。また,そのAペプチドの効果は用量依存的であった(10mg/kg及び30mg/kg)。一方,Aペプチドの単独投与では保護効果が認められなかった。本保護効果はtPAとAペプチドの相乗効果であると考えられる。
以上の結果より,虚血後期でのtPA単独投与は運動機能障害の増悪,ならびに出血を誘導するものの脳障害領域の拡大には影響しないことが明らかになった。
tMCAOモデル(60分虚血-再還流)において,P6は虚血1時間後の1回1mg/kgの尾静脈投与で運動障害を抑制した。しかしながら,本保護効果は3mg/kg,10mg/kg投与といった高用量では,1回1mg/kgの投与ほどの抑制効果が認められなかった。本実施例では,目標値として用量0.1mg/kgと用量依存的な保護効果を示す活性ペプチドを見出すことを目的とした。高活性5ペプチドについて検討したところ,2種のペプチドがそれぞれ3mg/kg(Aペプチド) と10mg/kg(Bペプチド) で保護効果を示すと共に,用量依存性を有していることを明らかとした。活性差とその他3種のペプチドにおいて活性が認められなかったのは,静脈内投与による生体内安定性と脳移行性の問題であると考えられる。
プロトタイプペプチドの処置時間・濃度変更によるtPAとの相乗的保護効果解析(運動機能解析については,ローターロッド試験適用)
i.v.)処置したものをtPA単独群とし,5時間後に溶媒Aペプチド (100 μL/10g,
i.v.),6時間後にtPA (10 mg/kg, i.v.)処置したものをAペプチド+tPA処置群とした。
mg/kg) (n=6), Aペプチド (10 mg/kg) (n=6), Aペプチド (30 mg/kg) (n=6)の各群間をone-way ANOVA post hoc
Tukey-Kramer methodを用いて解析した。
cerebral ischemia in a mouse model.Surgical Neurology
67 (2007) 620~625
P6: Aの併用投与した群では,modified P6: A 3 mg/kg投与では有意な改善傾向は認められなかったものの(132±15秒),10 mg/kgおよび30
mg/kg投与群では用量依存的な運動機能の改善効果を見出すことができた(10 mg/kg: 192±21秒, 30 mg/kg: 246±16秒)。以上の結果より,PIT処置6時間後にtPAを投与することで誘発される運動機能障害増悪が,modified P6: Aを前処置することで改善することから,modified P6:
AがtPA誘発性の運動障害抑制に有効であることが示唆された。
PEは,ピログルタミン酸を示し,
Ac-Nは,アセチルアスパラギンを示し,
E-NH2は,グルタミン酸アミド(イソグルタミン)を示し,
Nvaは,ノルバリンを示し,
Nleは,ノルロイシンを示す。
PITモデルにおけるAペプチド以外のペプチド効果の検討(Clinical scoreとTTC染色による脳障害領域の評価)
また、Clinical scoreについては、PIT処置単独では1.5±0.1、PIT処置6時間後にtPAを単独投与した群で1.4±0.1を示した。また、modified P6をtPAと併用した場合においても変化は見られなかった(tPA + B: 1±0, tPA + C: 1.5±0.4, tPA + D: 1±0, tPA + E: 1.2±0.2, tPA + F: 1.2±0.2, tPA + G: 1.2±0.2)。
P6をtPAと併用した場合においてもClinical
scoreの変化は見られなかった(tPA + H: 1.3±0.2,
tPA + I: 1.3±0.3, tPA + J: 1.3±0.3,
tPA + K: 1.1±0.2, tPA + L: 1.3±0.2)。
配列番号2:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Aペプチド)
配列番号3:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Bペプチド)
配列番号4:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Cペプチド)
配列番号5:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Dペプチド)
配列番号6:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Eペプチド)
配列番号7:全長ヒトプロサイモシンα
配列番号8:全長マウスプロサイモシンα
配列番号9:全長ラットプロサイモシンα
配列番号10:ProTα30
配列番号11:ProTα9
配列番号12:ラット及びマウスプロサイモシンαの50番目~56番目の7アミノ酸からなるペプチド
配列番号13:ラット及びマウスプロサイモシンαの51番目~57番目の7アミノ酸からなるペプチド
配列番号14:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Fペプチド)
配列番号15:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Gペプチド)
配列番号16:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Hペプチド)
配列番号17:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Iペプチド)
配列番号18:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Jペプチド)
配列番号19:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Kペプチド)
配列番号20:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Lペプチド)
配列番号21:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Mペプチド)
配列番号22:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Nペプチド)
配列番号23:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Oペプチド)
配列番号24:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Pペプチド)
配列番号25:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Qペプチド)
配列番号26:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Rペプチド)
配列番号27:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Sペプチド)
配列番号28:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Tペプチド)
配列番号29:P6の誘導体ペプチド(Uペプチド)
配列番号30:P+1N/-1C
配列番号31:P+2N/-2C
配列番号32:ProTα7
Claims (15)
- 配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列,又は配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列から1個又は2個のアミノ酸が欠失,付加,置換,又は挿入されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド又はその塩ペプチド。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩であって,
前記「配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列,又は配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列から1個又は2個のアミノ酸が欠失,付加,置換,又は挿入されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド」が,
配列番号1,配列番号2,配列番号3,配列番号4,配列番号5,配列番号6,配列番号12又は配列番号13で表わされるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドまたはその塩。 - 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩であって,
前記「配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列,又は配列番号1で表わされるアミノ酸配列から1個又は2個のアミノ酸が欠失,付加,置換,又は挿入されたアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド」が,
配列番号2で表わされるアミノ酸配列からなる,ペプチドまたはその塩。 - 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分として含む血液臓器関門障害を伴う疾患の治療剤。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分として含む血液脳関門障害を伴う疾患の治療剤。
- 請求項5に記載の血液脳関門障害を伴う疾患の治療剤であって,
前記血液脳関門障害を伴う疾患が,アテローム性動脈硬化または高血圧による二次性の血管障害,一過性血流障害,高血圧性脳障害,頭蓋内外の動脈の塞栓症,血栓症に起因する梗塞,動脈瘤,動静脈奇形,脳動脈狭窄性病変,硬膜動静脈瘻,血管外傷,血管性腫瘍,ウィルス感染性脳炎,脳梗塞後の脆弱性血管新生による浮腫,又は脳梗塞後の脆弱性血管新生による出血疾患である,
血液脳関門障害を伴う疾患の治療剤。 - 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分として含む虚血性疾患の治療剤。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分として含む脳梗塞の治療剤。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分として含む,
血栓溶解剤により惹起される運動障害又は脳出血の治療剤又は予防剤。 - 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩を有効成分として含む神経細胞死抑制剤。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩,及び血栓溶解剤を有効成分として含む,
脳虚血性疾患用治療剤。 - 請求項11に記載の脳虚血性疾患用治療剤であって,前記血栓溶解剤が,プラスミノーゲンアクチベータである,治療剤。
- 請求項11に記載の脳虚血性疾患用治療剤であって,
脳虚血性疾患が脳梗塞である,治療剤。 - 請求項11に記載の脳虚血性疾患用治療剤であって,
前記請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩が対象に投与された後,30分から5時間以内に前記血栓溶解剤が投与される,治療剤。 - 請求項11に記載の脳虚血性疾患用治療剤であって,
前記請求項1に記載のペプチドまたはその塩が対象に投与された後,1時間から3時間以内に前記血栓溶解剤が投与される,治療剤。
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