WO2013121026A2 - Intermittent treatment with oxidizing and reducing agents - Google Patents

Intermittent treatment with oxidizing and reducing agents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013121026A2
WO2013121026A2 PCT/EP2013/053136 EP2013053136W WO2013121026A2 WO 2013121026 A2 WO2013121026 A2 WO 2013121026A2 EP 2013053136 W EP2013053136 W EP 2013053136W WO 2013121026 A2 WO2013121026 A2 WO 2013121026A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxidizing
treatment
reducing agent
agent
water
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Application number
PCT/EP2013/053136
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013121026A3 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Eckhoff
Original Assignee
Lohas Products Gmbh
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Publication of WO2013121026A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013121026A2/en
Publication of WO2013121026A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013121026A3/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K31/00—Housing birds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/22—Peroxides; Oxygen; Ozone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/347—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/67—Vitamins
    • A61K8/673—Vitamin B group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9755—Gymnosperms [Coniferophyta]
    • A61K8/9767—Pinaceae [Pine family], e.g. pine or cedar
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9794—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
    • A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/88—Two- or multipart kits
    • A61K2800/884—Sequential application

Definitions

  • compositions comprising oxidizing agents have been used as anti-microbial agents in numerous applications, including hor ⁇ ticultural production as well as treatment of humans.
  • anolyte solutions obtained by passing aqueous liquids comprising one or more alkaline earth or alkali metal chloride salts through the anode chamber of an electrolysis cell is known to contain oxidizing agents and has been suggested as an anti-microbial compound for the treatment of ani ⁇ mals as well as animal farms.
  • anolyte solutions have been suggested as a composi ⁇ tion for treating plants to induce oxidative stress which in turn induces the production of secondary plant metabolites in the plant.
  • the treatment of plants with anolyte solutions has further been suggested to reduce microorganisms on the plant.
  • the present invention therefore provides advantageous uses of oxidizing and reducing agents that are characterized by an in ⁇ termittent treatment or intermittent administration of the agents . Accordingly, the present invention provides methods for treat ⁇ ing a plant, comprising intermittent treatment of the plant with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
  • the present invention provides methods for re ⁇ ducing the microbial load in animal farms comprising intermit ⁇ tent treatment of air, of the surfaces, of the feeding and/or drinking trough, of the pipes for distributing food and water and/or of the food and water with an oxidizing and a reducing agent .
  • the present invention also provides methods for the cosmetic treatment of human skin comprising intermittent treatment of the skin with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
  • oxidizing agent is used in the context of the pre ⁇ sent application to refer broadly to compositions comprising substances capable of accepting electrons from other sub ⁇ stances in a chemical reduction-oxidation or redox reaction and includes cations. Consequently, anolytes, protonated wa ⁇ ter, ozonated water, persulfates, cationic polymers, represent oxidizing agents in the context of the present invention. In its most preferred embodiment, the present invention makes use of oxidizing agents comprising an anolyte obtainable by dia- phragmalysis .
  • anolyte is used in the present application to refer to an aqueous liquid comprising one or more alkaline earth or alkali metal chloride salts, which liquid has been passed through the anode chamber of an electrolysis cell.
  • the anolyte will contain oxidizing agents, such as ozone, hypochlorous acid and the like.
  • the anolyte is advantageously obtainable by diaphragmalysis using an electrolysis method, wherein the anolyte solution is serially passed through at least two anode chambers, prefera ⁇ bly through two to six anode chambers. Connecting anode cham ⁇ bers in series increases the stability and the oxidation re ⁇ duction potential (ORP) of the anolyte solution.
  • the cathode chambers may be connected in series or in parallel.
  • an oxidizing agent comprises an anolyte solution, wherein the anolyte solution is characterized by a neutral pH and an ORP of about 650 mV to about 1,200 mV.
  • the anolyte may be obtainable by a process comprising the filtration of an anolyte to reduce the concentration of undesired oxidizing agents, such as chlorite and/or hypochlorite.
  • oxidizing agents such as chlorite and/or hypochlorite.
  • ozonated water is used to refer to an aqueous liq ⁇ uid having an enhanced ozone content, which liquid may be ob ⁇ tained by electrolysis or other means. Methods for preparing ozonated water are equally well known and include those dis ⁇ closed in EP-A-11184389.2.
  • cationic polymers is used in the context of the present invention to refer to polymers, preferably natural polymers that have a positive charge and are thus more likely to accept electrons than uncharged polymers.
  • chi- tosan is a well known natural cationic polymer with anti ⁇ microbial activity.
  • Chitosan and water soluble chitosan de ⁇ rivatives are known and can be used as oxidizing agents in the compositions, methods and uses of the present invention.
  • Water soluble chitosan derivatives are commercially available and include chitosan HC1, carboxymethylchitosan, chitosan lactate and/or chitosan acetate. Certain water soluble citosan derivatives are also listed in the European Pharmacopoeia as suit ⁇ able for medical use.
  • compositions, methods and uses of the present invention require a water soluble cationic polymer as part of the oxidizing agent and consequently chitosan and wa ⁇ ter insoluble chitosan derivatives, such as chitosan glutamate may be used in these embodiments.
  • the oxidizing agent may comprise more than one substance capa ⁇ ble of accepting electrons and the use of compositions com ⁇ prising a mixture of anolyte and water soluble chitosan de ⁇ rivatives for the methods and uses of the present invention is particularly preferred.
  • reducing agent is used in the present application to refer to compositions comprising substances that are capa ⁇ ble of donating electrons to other substances in a chemical redox reaction.
  • Preferred reducing agents are secondary plant metabolites, including flavonoids (for example obtainable by extraction from bitter oranges), honokiol and/or magnolol (for example obtainable by extraction from magnolia) , pycnogenol (for example obtainable by extraction from maritime pine bark) , lactoferrin or lactotransferrin (for example obtainable by extraction from whey), oregano oil and/or its component carvacrol also known as cymophenol (for example obtainable by extraction from oregano), cardamom extracts, vitamin B12, myrrh (for example obtainable by extraction from trees of the ge- nus Commiphora) , and chamomile (for example obtainable by ex ⁇ traction from plants of the family Asteraceae) .
  • flavonoids
  • Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds present in plants and many other organisms. The flavonoids fulfil many functions and primarily act as plant pigments. Flavonoids are known to have advantageous effects for human and animal health, including anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial , anti-cancer effects and inhibitory effects on cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids are also known for their anti-oxidant effects.
  • the reducing agents to be used in the compositions, methods and uses of the present invention comprise flavonoids, includ ⁇ ing bioflavonoids, such as hesperidin, quercitrin, rutin, tangeritin and/or epicatechin.
  • the selection of the proper oxidizing agent and reducing agent to be used in the methods of the present invention will depend on the intended use.
  • the use of anolyte as an oxidizing agent and the use of catholyte as a reducing agent represents a pre ⁇ ferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the use of anolyte as an oxidizing agent is com ⁇ bined with the use of secondary plant metabolites, in particu ⁇ lar flavonoids, as a reducing agent.
  • the oxidizing and reducing agents used in the context of the present invention may comprise any number of further compo ⁇ nents.
  • the oxidizing agent may contain magnesium chloride and/or magnesium bromide. These compounds are known to be advantageous for improving skin ap ⁇ pearance and would healing. It is particularly preferred that the oxidizing agent contains magnesium chloride and magnesium bromide in a relative concentration of 29:1.
  • the reducing agent used in the context of the pre ⁇ sent invention may comprise further components, such as compo ⁇ nents used for the treatment of skin, for example dexpan- thenol.
  • Dexpanthenol is used as a drug for the treatment of skin and skin wounds, but per se is not anti-microbial .
  • the activity of dexpanthenol is improved by the uses of the pre ⁇ sent invention, wherein the dexpanthenol is administered to ⁇ gether with the reducing agent.
  • the methods of the present invention comprise the use of an oxidizing agent further comprising charged or uncharged clay particles.
  • the clay parti ⁇ cles may enhance or soften the activity of the oxidizing agent .
  • the methods of the present invention are characterized by an intermittent treatment which comprises a first treatment with one of the agents followed by a second treatment with the sec ⁇ ond agent.
  • the first treatment may comprise ad ⁇ ministration of the oxidizing agent followed by a second treatment with the reducing agent and optionally further treatments with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
  • the first treatment may comprise administration of the reducing agent followed by a second treatment with the oxidiz ⁇ ing agent and optionally further treatments with a reducing and an oxidizing agent. The best order of the treatment can be easily determined.
  • the intermittent period is the period of time between a first and a second, or a second and a third treatment. Depending on the circumstances, the intermittent period may be widely var ⁇ ied. For some embodiments, for example in animal farming, the administration of the reducing agent may immediately be fol ⁇ lowed by the administration of the oxidizing agent (and so on in the potential subsequent treatments) . In other words, in this case there is no time interval between the first and sec ⁇ ond treatment. In other embodiments, for example in the meth ⁇ ods for treating plants, the intermittent period may comprise 20 minutes to 2 months. Preferred intermittent periods of time are between 1 hour and 1 month, between 2 hours and 2 weeks and between 8 hours and 1 week.
  • the methods of the present invention may comprise the intermittent administration of oxidizing and reducing agent over extended periods of time.
  • the best results will be achieved by a regular intermittent administration of oxidizing and reducing agents over several months.
  • the agents could be administered over a total period of months while the intermittent period could be several hours or days .
  • the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent are part of a liquid composition and the treatment comprises administering the liquid composition to the plant, to the air in an animal farm, to the surfaces, to the feeding and/or drinking trough, to the pipes for distributing food and water, to the food and water and/or to the skin.
  • the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent may be administered or distributed in any form.
  • the oxidizing agent and/or the reducing agent may be sprayed into the air for breathing to reduce mi ⁇ crobial load in animal farms.
  • the oxidizing agent and/or the reducing agent may alternatively be administered to the sur ⁇ faces of the feeding and/or drinking trough, into the pipes for distributing food and water, as well as onto the food, into the water and/or onto the skin.
  • the oxidizing agent and the re ⁇ ducing agent are part of an ointment, a cream or a gel and the treatment comprises administering the respective composition.
  • the present invention provides a com ⁇ position comprising an oxidizing or a reducing agent for use in treating human or animal infection, wherein the treatment comprises the intermittent administration of an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
  • compositions for use in treating human or animal infection may comprise an oxidizing and a reducing agent as defined above .
  • compositions for use in treating human or animal infection are characterized by an intermittent treatment, for example a dosage regime comprising a first treatment with an oxidizing agent followed by a second treatment with a reducing agent and optionally further treatments with an oxidizing and a reducing agent .
  • compositions for use in treating human or animal infection of the present invention can be present in the form of a liq ⁇ uid, an ointment, a cream, a gel, a lotion, a mask, for example a face mask.
  • the use for treating infection is characterized by the administration of the respective composition.
  • the intermittent period depends on the intended use and may vary widely, for example between 20 minutes to 2 months, preferably between 1 hour and 1 month, between 2 hours and 2 weeks and between 8 hours and 1 week.
  • the present invention also provides cosmetic composi ⁇ tions comprising an oxidizing or a reducing agent for use in the cosmetic treatment of human skin, wherein the treatment comprises the intermittent administration of an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
  • the cosmetic compositions of the present in ⁇ vention are characterized by the same features as the medical compositions characterized above.

Abstract

The present invention provides methods for treating a plant, comprising intermittent treatment of the plant with an oxidizing and a reducing agent. The present invention also provides methods for reducing the microbial load in animal farms comprising intermittent treatment of air, of the surfaces, of the feeding and/or drinking trough, of the pipes for distributing food and water and/or of the food and water with an oxidizing and a reducing agent. The present invention further provides methods for the cosmetic treatment of human skin comprising intermittent treatment of the skin with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.

Description

Intermittent Treatment with Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
Compositions comprising oxidizing agents have been used as anti-microbial agents in numerous applications, including hor¬ ticultural production as well as treatment of humans.
For example, anolyte solutions obtained by passing aqueous liquids comprising one or more alkaline earth or alkali metal chloride salts through the anode chamber of an electrolysis cell is known to contain oxidizing agents and has been suggested as an anti-microbial compound for the treatment of ani¬ mals as well as animal farms.
Similarly, anolyte solutions have been suggested as a composi¬ tion for treating plants to induce oxidative stress which in turn induces the production of secondary plant metabolites in the plant. The treatment of plants with anolyte solutions has further been suggested to reduce microorganisms on the plant.
However, the problem observed with continuous application of oxidizing agents to organisms is that a benefit will be achieved for the organism only for a short period of time. As soon as the microbial infection is cured or microbial growth is inhibited, the stress caused by oxidizing agents for the organism will compensate any benefit that can be achieved by administration of further oxidizing agents.
The present invention therefore provides advantageous uses of oxidizing and reducing agents that are characterized by an in¬ termittent treatment or intermittent administration of the agents . Accordingly, the present invention provides methods for treat¬ ing a plant, comprising intermittent treatment of the plant with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
Alternatively, the present invention provides methods for re¬ ducing the microbial load in animal farms comprising intermit¬ tent treatment of air, of the surfaces, of the feeding and/or drinking trough, of the pipes for distributing food and water and/or of the food and water with an oxidizing and a reducing agent .
The present invention also provides methods for the cosmetic treatment of human skin comprising intermittent treatment of the skin with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
The term "oxidizing agent" is used in the context of the pre¬ sent application to refer broadly to compositions comprising substances capable of accepting electrons from other sub¬ stances in a chemical reduction-oxidation or redox reaction and includes cations. Consequently, anolytes, protonated wa¬ ter, ozonated water, persulfates, cationic polymers, represent oxidizing agents in the context of the present invention. In its most preferred embodiment, the present invention makes use of oxidizing agents comprising an anolyte obtainable by dia- phragmalysis .
The term "anolyte" is used in the present application to refer to an aqueous liquid comprising one or more alkaline earth or alkali metal chloride salts, which liquid has been passed through the anode chamber of an electrolysis cell. As a conse¬ quence of the electrolysis, the anolyte will contain oxidizing agents, such as ozone, hypochlorous acid and the like. Methods for producing anolytes in particular by diaphragmalysis , are well known in the art and for example described in EP 1 007 478, WO 2011/1620699, WO 2011/20701, WO 2011/20702, WO 2011/20703, EP-A-11187988.8, EP-A- 11188139.7 ; EP-A- 11188906.9.
Any one of these known methods for producing an anolyte can be used for the purposes of producing the anolyte to be used for the present invention.
The anolyte is advantageously obtainable by diaphragmalysis using an electrolysis method, wherein the anolyte solution is serially passed through at least two anode chambers, prefera¬ bly through two to six anode chambers. Connecting anode cham¬ bers in series increases the stability and the oxidation re¬ duction potential (ORP) of the anolyte solution. The cathode chambers may be connected in series or in parallel.
For the compositions, methods and uses of the present inven¬ tion it is preferred that an oxidizing agent comprises an anolyte solution, wherein the anolyte solution is characterized by a neutral pH and an ORP of about 650 mV to about 1,200 mV.
In a related embodiment of the present invention, the anolyte may be obtainable by a process comprising the filtration of an anolyte to reduce the concentration of undesired oxidizing agents, such as chlorite and/or hypochlorite. Methods for pro¬ ducing a filtered anolyte are described in EP-A- 11188906.9.
The term "ozonated water" is used to refer to an aqueous liq¬ uid having an enhanced ozone content, which liquid may be ob¬ tained by electrolysis or other means. Methods for preparing ozonated water are equally well known and include those dis¬ closed in EP-A-11184389.2.
The term "cationic polymers" is used in the context of the present invention to refer to polymers, preferably natural polymers that have a positive charge and are thus more likely to accept electrons than uncharged polymers. For example, chi- tosan is a well known natural cationic polymer with anti¬ microbial activity. Chitosan and water soluble chitosan de¬ rivatives are known and can be used as oxidizing agents in the compositions, methods and uses of the present invention. Water soluble chitosan derivatives are commercially available and include chitosan HC1, carboxymethylchitosan, chitosan lactate and/or chitosan acetate. Certain water soluble citosan derivatives are also listed in the European Pharmacopoeia as suit¬ able for medical use.
However, not all of the compositions, methods and uses of the present invention require a water soluble cationic polymer as part of the oxidizing agent and consequently chitosan and wa¬ ter insoluble chitosan derivatives, such as chitosan glutamate may be used in these embodiments.
The oxidizing agent may comprise more than one substance capa¬ ble of accepting electrons and the use of compositions com¬ prising a mixture of anolyte and water soluble chitosan de¬ rivatives for the methods and uses of the present invention is particularly preferred.
The term "reducing agent" is used in the present application to refer to compositions comprising substances that are capa¬ ble of donating electrons to other substances in a chemical redox reaction. Preferred reducing agents are secondary plant metabolites, including flavonoids (for example obtainable by extraction from bitter oranges), honokiol and/or magnolol (for example obtainable by extraction from magnolia) , pycnogenol (for example obtainable by extraction from maritime pine bark) , lactoferrin or lactotransferrin (for example obtainable by extraction from whey), oregano oil and/or its component carvacrol also known as cymophenol (for example obtainable by extraction from oregano), cardamom extracts, vitamin B12, myrrh (for example obtainable by extraction from trees of the ge- nus Commiphora) , and chamomile (for example obtainable by ex¬ traction from plants of the family Asteraceae) .
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds present in plants and many other organisms. The flavonoids fulfil many functions and primarily act as plant pigments. Flavonoids are known to have advantageous effects for human and animal health, including anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial , anti-cancer effects and inhibitory effects on cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids are also known for their anti-oxidant effects.
The reducing agents to be used in the compositions, methods and uses of the present invention comprise flavonoids, includ¬ ing bioflavonoids, such as hesperidin, quercitrin, rutin, tangeritin and/or epicatechin.
These and other secondary plant metabolites are obtainably by extraction from plants, including extraction from Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) , extraction from Petroselinum hortense (parsley) , extraction from Azadirachta indica and extraction from Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) . Using mixtures of fla¬ vonoids obtainable by extraction from the pith of the fruit of bitter oranges as part of the reducing agent for the composi¬ tions, methods and uses of the present invention is particu¬ larly preferred.
The selection of the proper oxidizing agent and reducing agent to be used in the methods of the present invention will depend on the intended use. The use of anolyte as an oxidizing agent and the use of catholyte as a reducing agent represents a pre¬ ferred embodiment of the present invention. In an alternative embodiment, the use of anolyte as an oxidizing agent is com¬ bined with the use of secondary plant metabolites, in particu¬ lar flavonoids, as a reducing agent. The oxidizing and reducing agents used in the context of the present invention may comprise any number of further compo¬ nents. Particular advantages can be obtained by combining the oxidizing agent and/or the reducing agent with compounds that are already used for the purposes of reducing bacterial growth or healing wounds, etc. For example, the oxidizing agent may contain magnesium chloride and/or magnesium bromide. These compounds are known to be advantageous for improving skin ap¬ pearance and would healing. It is particularly preferred that the oxidizing agent contains magnesium chloride and magnesium bromide in a relative concentration of 29:1.
Similarly, the reducing agent used in the context of the pre¬ sent invention may comprise further components, such as compo¬ nents used for the treatment of skin, for example dexpan- thenol. Dexpanthenol is used as a drug for the treatment of skin and skin wounds, but per se is not anti-microbial . The activity of dexpanthenol is improved by the uses of the pre¬ sent invention, wherein the dexpanthenol is administered to¬ gether with the reducing agent.
In a further preferred embodiment, the methods of the present invention comprise the use of an oxidizing agent further comprising charged or uncharged clay particles. The clay parti¬ cles may enhance or soften the activity of the oxidizing agent .
The methods of the present invention are characterized by an intermittent treatment which comprises a first treatment with one of the agents followed by a second treatment with the sec¬ ond agent. For example, the first treatment may comprise ad¬ ministration of the oxidizing agent followed by a second treatment with the reducing agent and optionally further treatments with an oxidizing and a reducing agent. Alterna¬ tively, the first treatment may comprise administration of the reducing agent followed by a second treatment with the oxidiz¬ ing agent and optionally further treatments with a reducing and an oxidizing agent. The best order of the treatment can be easily determined.
The intermittent period is the period of time between a first and a second, or a second and a third treatment. Depending on the circumstances, the intermittent period may be widely var¬ ied. For some embodiments, for example in animal farming, the administration of the reducing agent may immediately be fol¬ lowed by the administration of the oxidizing agent (and so on in the potential subsequent treatments) . In other words, in this case there is no time interval between the first and sec¬ ond treatment. In other embodiments, for example in the meth¬ ods for treating plants, the intermittent period may comprise 20 minutes to 2 months. Preferred intermittent periods of time are between 1 hour and 1 month, between 2 hours and 2 weeks and between 8 hours and 1 week.
Overall, the methods of the present invention may comprise the intermittent administration of oxidizing and reducing agent over extended periods of time. For example in animal farming, it is expected that the best results will be achieved by a regular intermittent administration of oxidizing and reducing agents over several months. The agents could be administered over a total period of months while the intermittent period could be several hours or days .
In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent are part of a liquid composition and the treatment comprises administering the liquid composition to the plant, to the air in an animal farm, to the surfaces, to the feeding and/or drinking trough, to the pipes for distributing food and water, to the food and water and/or to the skin. The oxidizing agent and the reducing agent may be administered or distributed in any form. For example, the oxidizing agent and/or the reducing agent may be sprayed into the air for breathing to reduce mi¬ crobial load in animal farms. The oxidizing agent and/or the reducing agent may alternatively be administered to the sur¬ faces of the feeding and/or drinking trough, into the pipes for distributing food and water, as well as onto the food, into the water and/or onto the skin.
In an alternative embodiment, the oxidizing agent and the re¬ ducing agent are part of an ointment, a cream or a gel and the treatment comprises administering the respective composition.
In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a com¬ position comprising an oxidizing or a reducing agent for use in treating human or animal infection, wherein the treatment comprises the intermittent administration of an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
The compositions for use in treating human or animal infection may comprise an oxidizing and a reducing agent as defined above .
The compositions for use in treating human or animal infection are characterized by an intermittent treatment, for example a dosage regime comprising a first treatment with an oxidizing agent followed by a second treatment with a reducing agent and optionally further treatments with an oxidizing and a reducing agent .
The compositions for use in treating human or animal infection of the present invention can be present in the form of a liq¬ uid, an ointment, a cream, a gel, a lotion, a mask, for example a face mask. The use for treating infection is characterized by the administration of the respective composition. Again, the intermittent period depends on the intended use and may vary widely, for example between 20 minutes to 2 months, preferably between 1 hour and 1 month, between 2 hours and 2 weeks and between 8 hours and 1 week.
Finally, the present invention also provides cosmetic composi¬ tions comprising an oxidizing or a reducing agent for use in the cosmetic treatment of human skin, wherein the treatment comprises the intermittent administration of an oxidizing and a reducing agent. The cosmetic compositions of the present in¬ vention are characterized by the same features as the medical compositions characterized above.

Claims

Claims
1. Method for treating a plant, comprising intermittent treatment of the plant with an oxidizing and a reducing agent .
2. Method for reducing the microbial load in animal farms comprising intermittent treatment of air, of the surfaces, of the feeding and/or drinking trough, of the pipes for distributing food and water and/or of the food and water with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
3. Method for the cosmetic treatment of human skin comprising intermittent treatment of the skin with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxi¬ dizing agent is a composition comprising an anolyte, pro- tonated water, ozonated water, a persulfate, and/or a cationic polymer, for example water a soluble chitosan de¬ rivative .
5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the re¬ ducing agent is a composition comprising secondary plant metabolites, preferably flavonoids (for example obtainable by extraction from bitter oranges), honokiol and/or mag- nolol (for example obtainable by extraction from magno¬ lia) , pycnogenol (for example obtainable by extraction from maritime pine bark) , lactoferrin or lactotransferrin (for example obtainable by extraction from whey) , oregano oil and/or its component carvacrol also known as cymophe- nol (for example obtainable by extraction from oregano) , cardamom extracts, vitamin B12, myrrh (for example obtainable by extraction from trees of the genus Commiphora) , and/or chamomile (for example obtainable by extraction from plants of the family Asteraceae) , preferably biofla¬ vonoids, such as hesperidin, quercitrin, rutin, tangeritin and/or epicatechin.
6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the in¬ termittent treatment comprises a first treatment with an oxidizing agent followed by a second treatment with a re¬ ducing agent and optionally further treatments with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the in¬ termittent treatment comprises a first treatment with a reducing agent followed by a second treatment with an oxi¬ dizing agent and optionally further treatments with a re¬ ducing and an oxidizing agent.
8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the in¬ termittent period is 20 minutes to 2 months.
9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the oxi¬ dizing agent and the reducing agent are part of a liquid composition and the treatment comprises administering the liquid composition to the plant, to the air in an animal farm, to the surfaces, to the feeding and/or drinking trough, to the pipes for distributing food and water, to the food and water and/or to the skin.
10. Composition comprising an oxidizing or a reducing agent for use in treating human or animal infection, wherein the treatment comprises the intermittent administration of an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
11. Composition according to claim 10, wherein the oxidizing agent is a composition comprising an anolyte, protonated water, ozonated water, a persulfate, and/or a cationic polymer, for example water a soluble chitosan derivative, and wherein the reducing agent is a composition comprising secondary plant metabolites, preferably anti-microbial plant metabolites.
12. Composition according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the oxidizing agent further comprises charged or uncharged clay particles .
13. Composition according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the intermittent treatment comprises a first treatment with an oxidizing agent followed by a second treatment with a reducing agent and optionally further treatments with an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
14. Composition according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the intermittent treatment comprises a first treatment with a reducing agent followed by a second treatment with an oxidizing agent and optionally further treatments with a reducing and an oxidizing agent.
15. Composition according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the intermittent period is 20 minutes to 2 months.
16. Cosmetic composition comprising an oxidizing or a reducing agent for use in the cosmetic treatment of human skin, wherein the treatment comprises the intermittent admini¬ stration of an oxidizing and a reducing agent.
PCT/EP2013/053136 2012-02-16 2013-02-15 Intermittent treatment with oxidizing and reducing agents WO2013121026A2 (en)

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