Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
  • C12P5/023—Methane
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L25/30—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, pastes, meal, powders; Products made therefrom, e.g. blocks, flakes, snacks; Liquid or semi-liquid products
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L25/40—Fermented products; Products treated with microorganisms or enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
  • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
  • A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
  • A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
  • A23L7/104—Fermentation of farinaceous cereal or cereal material; Addition of enzymes or microorganisms
  • A23L7/107—Addition or treatment with enzymes not combined with fermentation with microorganisms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
  • A23L7/115—Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
  • A23L7/152—Cereal germ products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
  • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
  • C12M45/06—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by chemical means or hydrolysis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a plant for the processing of vegetable residues, in particular of shells of seeds and nuts, more particularly of shells of cocoa beans, husks of cereal seeds and rice residues.
• dietary fiber from cocoa peel and other plant components such as cereal husks, residues of rice grains, germs and / or nuts were, for. B. because of their cellulose content, recognized as a possible food ingredient.
• cocoa shell As a cocoa shell, the outer coating of cocoa beans be ⁇ draws, also called Testa. After harvesting the cocoa fruits are fermented ⁇ six days on average, which is
• the beans are then dried, cleaned and roasted.
• the fire ⁇ len the beans are broken and separated from the beans.
• the cocoa peels are usually considered as a waste product.
• the cocoa shells also contain valuable ingredients such.
• polyphenols (1 to 2%) alkaloids such as theobromine (1 to 2%), vitamins such as vitamin D, minerals, amino acids ⁇ and soluble and insoluble dietary fibers.
• the cocoa shells still contain up to 6% fat.
• the use of cocoa peels in food is legally restricted in many places.
• cocoa husk fibers also have mostly swelling or gelifying properties. You can bind fat and water and thus the viscosity of the mixture beeinflus ⁇ sen to which they are added. The cacao husk fibers are therefore so far only suitable for use in a few specific foods.
• cacao cups in aromatic beverages, cocoa products, mulch, fertilizer and pet food.
• the mechanical comminution of cocoa bean shells is known from EP 1 733 624.
• the document shows a method for grinding cocoa shells, wherein the cocoa shells in a vortex processing device, also called “jet-mill", in the inserted led air to be carried away and mowed.
• Other methods such as milling in a Windsichtermühle are also mög ⁇ lich but lead to higher wear.
• cacao cup extracts The use of cacao cup extracts is also known.
• a food colorant may, for example, according to
• US 4,156,030 can be obtained by extraction with an acidic ethanol solution.
• pigments can also be extracted with the aid of an aqueous alcohol.
• a chocolate flavor may be provided by the treatment of Ka ⁇ kaoschalen with an alkalizing agent is available, as is shown in EP 2,174,557.
• the known treatment methods of chocolate shells for providing food additives modify, in particular, the environment of the cocoa husk fibers, but leave the composition essentially unchanged. A targeted separation of undesirable components does not take place.
• the slimes responsible for swelling and gelation properties include proteins and sugars that are not removed by conventional technologies such as alkalization and or water treatment.
• EP 0 328 019 discloses a process with which dietary cocoa feed fibers for the production of chocolate fiber-rich products are made available from high-quality starting materials.
• the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
• the method is used for the processing of vegetable residues, in particular peels of seeds and nuts, more particularly of cocoa beans, husks of corn seeds and rice residues, residues of oily germs and nuts.
• the vegetable residues are refined by the process according to the invention. In particular di decisivi ⁇ rule fibers and / or starting materials for a biogas plant will he witnesses ⁇ with the method.
• Dietary fibers are here understood to mean indigestible dietary fiber.
• the process according to the invention comprises the process steps (i) providing plant residues having a shell content of at least 5% by weight, in particular 20% by weight. ⁇ 6, white ter particular at least 50 wt .-%, more in particular min ⁇ least wt. 90%, (ii) at least partial hydrolysis, insbeson ⁇ particular at least partially fermentation of components of plant residues, in particular at least partially hydro ⁇ analysis from a carbohydrate, a fat and / or a protein and (iii) in particular separation of liquid phase with dissolved components and solid phase.
• hydrolysis fermentation accompanied in which, in a particular anaerobic process CO 2, CH 4, NH 3 and / or another gas (eg. N 2, 0 2, H 2 S, H 2) is ent ⁇ / arise. Therefore, in the present application always hydrolysis or hydrolysis and simultaneous Fer ⁇ mentation is meant by hydrolysis.
• the object is achieved by a method in which (i) plant residues with a shell portion of at least 5 wt .-%, in particular 20 wt .-%, more particularly at least 50 wt .- min ⁇ %, more particularly at least wt. - 90% be ⁇ provided, and (ii) at least partial fermentation, of constituents of the vegetable residues, in particular at least partial hydrolysis of a carbohydrate, a fat and / or a protein takes place. Subsequently, a separation of liquid phase with dissolved components and solid phase can take place.
• the method according to the invention comprises a method step in which it is checked whether a fermentation has actually taken place. For example, it is determined whether gas has formed, in particular whether CO 2 , CH 4 and / or NH 3 has arisen. For this purpose, it can be measured, for example, whether the gas pressure rises during the process, whether certain gases / gas quantities arise, for example CO 2 , CH 4 , NH 3 and / or how the O 2 partial pressure changes in the liquid phase. Additionally or alternatively, the optical density (OD 600 ) of the liquid phase can be measured. This is a measure of the presence of microorganisms.
• a detection reaction for the gases to be detected can be carried out.
• hydrolysis is understood in particular to mean a process in which at least 3% by weight, preferably 5% by weight, more preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight of the proteins, fats and / or or carbohydrates of plant residues are degraded.
• Starting materials for the process are vegetable residues, which as a rule are produced as waste in a conventional production process, such as seed shells separated from cocoa beans before or after roasting, also called cocoa shells, residues of rice grains, corn kernels, coffee beans, wheat grains. or other cereal grains. Since can not be completely separated in the conventional manufacturing process, the hydric Be ⁇ constituents of the residues, and the amount of waste always contains a certain percentage of the hydric content, so the core of the pulp, the seed or bean. This proportion can also be greater, for example, at the beginning or end of a production batch. According to the invention, the vegetable residues contain a shell content of at least 20% by weight, in particular at least 50% by weight, more particularly at least 90% by weight.
• step (ii) the fat content of the solid phase is reduced by at least 70% compared to the fat content of the vegetable residues provided in step (i).
• the ratio of terrorismunlös ⁇ union is increased to water-soluble constituents of the solid phase at least 20%, as compared to the ratio in the vegetable residues provided in step (i).
• the components which have gone into solution are preferably separated from the residue during the subsequent separation of the liquid and solid phases.
• the separation is preferably carried out by filtration, by centrifuging, by decantation and / or by drying.
• the suspension is passed through a perforated plate with a screw conveyor, an extruder or an expeller, wherein a large part of the liquid runs off. Subsequently, the mass is compacted under pressure, with a residual moisture content of about 12 wt .-% is achieved.
• the mass can be dried under heating and / ornicure Kunststoff ⁇ supply, so that a residual moisture content of 3-4 wt .-% is left over.
• the resulting mass can be further verar ⁇ beitet, it is for example easily be ground.
• the solid phase has significantly lower proportions of water-soluble salts ⁇ , less protein, less fat and less cellulose as the vegetable residues starting material for the hydrolysis were. In addition, the proportion of slime is reduced.
• the solid phase consists essentially of wasserun ⁇ soluble, so largely indigestible fibers.
• the relatively tasteless, in the case of cocoa shells brown solid phase can be used as dietary fiber.
• the solid phase is practically no longer gelififugd and shows improved Vermah ⁇ development properties. Product shelf life is increased as the basic elements responsible for spontaneous decomposition and oxidation Substances are already degraded in the inventive process.
• pollutants such as pesticides and myotoxins can be significantly reduced by fermentation. Since at step (ii) is produced, an acidic medium, also heavy metals can better ge ⁇ dissolve and are washed out.
• a ratio of macronutrients (C: N: P: S, that is, the Mengenver ⁇ ratio of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) of 500: 15: 5: 3 produced, the C: N ratio is preferably Zvi ⁇ rule 10 and 45th
• a Sus ⁇ board plant residues in a solvent, in particular produced water, in particular with a proportion of up to 40 wt .-% dry weight is preferred for the hydrolysis and / or fermentation.
• the hydrolysis and / or fermentation is preferably carried out in a lockable, temperature-controlled and pressurizable tank. Typically, 100-300 m are proces ⁇ tet 3 suspension in a tank.
• the suspension is preferably mixed at medium stirring speed, so that the most homogeneous possible mixing is effected.
• the stirring ensures a sufficient mass transfer and prevents sedimentation.
• the longer time is given to the hydrolysis and / or fermentation process the lower the stirring speed can be.
• the faster the process should he follow ⁇ the higher the stirring speed must be.
• the hydrolysis and / or fermentation is promoted by suitable Tempe ⁇ temperature and pressure conditions.
• fin ⁇ det the hydrolysis and / or fermentation in a tank at a temperature between 25 and 40 ° C, in particular between 30 and 38 ° C, and at ambient pressure instead.
• the hydrolysis in particular the fermentation, takes place at a temperature between 45 and 60 ° C, in particular between 50 and 55 ° C, and at ambient pressure.
• the hydrolysis and / or fermentation typically requires ei ⁇ ne period of up to 7 days, preferably of up to 5 days, white ⁇ ter preferably of up to 1-2 days, in particular of at least 3 hours.
• hydrolysis and / or fermentation is further favored by the addition of enzymes, in particular hydrolases such as lipases, amylases and proteases.
• hydrolases such as lipases, amylases and proteases.
• Enzymes provide in particular for the catalytic hydrolysis of biomolecules, ie saccharides, proteins and fats, which are broken down into their building blocks.
• the hydrolysis and / or fermentation therefore preferably takes place enzymatically.
• the hydrolysis and / or fermentation by the addition of an acid is, in particular an organic acid such ⁇ It sigklare or formic acid or a base, especially a Phosphate buffer, a carbonate buffer, NaOH or KOH.
• the pH drops from about 7 to about 3.5 during hydrolysis and / or fermentation.
• the hydrolysis and / or fermentation can also take place under the action of microorganisms.
• the existing flora of the material to be hydrolyzed can be used on the one hand, or it is added deliberately puts ⁇ for hydrolysis viable microorganisms.
• a Impfbakterium for compost added preferably in the amount 1/10000, 1/1000 be ⁇ vorzugt (bacterium solution to suspension) are preferred for the hydrolysis in the process erfindungsge- MAESSEN microorganisms.
• a part of the process product in particular a part of the FLÜS ⁇ sigen phase can be used as inoculum for the processing of other starting materials.
• the solids content is advantageously washed, sterilized and / or dried in a subsequent step.
• the debacterization can take place in a roaster, in which the thermal treatment simultaneously ensures sterilization and drying.
• the solids content is additionally ground. This can be done before washing, drying and debacterizing, before drying or even before washing.
• the solids content can additionally be dyed, for example by alkalization.
• Solid phase which is obtained from the hydrolysis and / or fermentation of Ka ⁇ kaoschalen, so food fiber-rich cocoa material is suitable for supplementing in the production of chocolates, compounds and / or fillings (eg., Dark chocolate and especially for shaped chocolate and ») Kakaogeträn ⁇ ken, candy bars, chocolate spread and baked goods.
• the liquid phase which is formed in the process according to the invention is already deprived of most of the non-degradable fibers, in particular cellulose.
• the liquid phase predominantly contains ingredients in a form convertible to the methane-forming bacteria. It can therefore be used directly for biogas production.
• the process according to the invention therefore comprises, as a further process step, that the liquid phase is transferred as a high-energy liquid into a biogas plant.
• the object is also achieved by using the fes ⁇ th share of the process product of the method as described above as a dietary fiber.
• the object is also achieved by using the liquid portion of the process product of the method as described above as a feed for a biogas plant, in particular for power generation.
• Biogas production In biogas development, microorganisms use the chemical energy stored in carbohydrates, sugars, fats and proteins for their metabolism under anaerobic conditions (with exclusion of air). Biogas production is divided into four stages:
• fermentative bacteria break down polymeric compounds such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates into simpler components (monomers) with the aid of enzymes.
• fermentation and acidification takes place.
• the solutes are degraded by fermentative bacteria organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid), which never ⁇ alcohols, aldehydes, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and walls ⁇ ren gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. This process takes place until the bacteria are inhibited by their own degradation products in their degradation process (low pH).
• the third, so-called acetogenic phase forms the link between fermentation (acidification) and methane formation.
• the components by acetogenic bacteria are so aufberei ⁇ tet that methanogenic bacteria, these can be converted into methane.
• the reaction is endothermic, so it must be heat ⁇ leads.
• acetic acid is split into methane-type bacteria which are extremely sensitive to oxygen, to methane , carbon dioxide and water. The water is removed during the condensation of the biogas mixture.
• the resulting gas is used after an intermediate buffering in a gas storage usually in a combined heat and power plant for the production of electricity and / or heat.
• the resulting gas can be used directly for combustion in a thermal process, for example in the heating of a Roös ⁇ ters.
• the expected gas yield in the biogas plant is per tone ⁇ ne cocoa shells 460 to 500 standard cubic meters (460-500 Nm 3 / t) having a methane concentration up to 60% ⁇ 5%.
• the object underlying the invention is also ge ⁇ dissolves as described above as a base or additive for a food product, in particular a gydrink energy by use of the liquid portion from the process product of the process.
• the liquid phase contains easily digestible ingredients. It can be used immediately as a raw material or supplement after sterilization. be used for a food, in particular a concentrated feed for animals or an energy drink.
• the object underlying the invention is also ge ⁇ triggers by a method, in particular as described above, for the processing of vegetable residues, especially peel of seeds and nuts, in particular husks of cocoa beans, trays of cereal grains and rice residues, residues of oily germs and Nuts wherein biogas is produced from at least a portion of the vegetable residues in a biogas plant and at least part of the biogas is used to provide energy in the production and / or processing of a product which leaves vegetable residues which in turn remain in the plant Procedures are processed.
• the biogas is preferably used directly in a thermal combustion process, preferably in a roaster.
• the method is in the manufacture and / or processing of the product, for. B. in the roasting of cocoa beans or in the production of Kakaonibs, except the crampes ⁇ by the biogas plant residues ⁇ energy supplied no further energy.
• the process is thus an autonomous process for processing a vegetable product, especially cocoa beans.
• the inventive method takes place in a plant
• a production device in particular a roaster or a roaster and a hydrolysis tank or a roaster and a fermentation reactor,
• a biogas tank a supply device, via which at least a part of vegetable residues from the production device can be transferred into the biogas tank, and
• a return device for a part of the vegetable residues brought into the biogas tank is provided in the production device.
• the production device and the biogas tank are preferably spatially close to each other, so that a feeder as a
• Piping or a band can be used.
• the biogas utilization device can be, for example, a power generation device or a burner, depending on the form in which the energy is required during production.
• the biogas utilization device can be integrated into the production device, for example in the form of a burner as part of a roaster.
• the plant residues for example, occur in the roaster can initially, especially as above ⁇ be written, are subjected to a hydrolysis tank hydrolysis, or in a fermentation reactor, to a fermentation. Subsequently, biogas is obtained from the liquid phase in the biogas tank .
• the biogas can occur already during the hydrolysis or the Fermenta ⁇ tion, which is preferably recycled in the recycling biogas ⁇ device.
• the hydrolysis tank or the fermentation reactor and the biogas tank can form a spatial unit, or the hydrolysis tank ⁇ or the fermentation reactor is simultaneously formed as a biogas tank.
• the object is also achieved by a dietary fiber obtained from vegetable residues, in particular peelings of seeds and nuts, more particularly husks of cocoa beans, husks of cereal seeds and rice residues, residues of oily germs and nuts, in particular in a method as described above, wherein the fiber has a fat content of less than 5% by weight, in particular less than 2.5% by weight and / or has a weight ratio of water-insoluble to water-soluble dietary fibers of greater than 6.5.
• cocoa shells containing about 1.5 ⁇ 1% by weight of fat, 4.5 ⁇ 2.5% by weight of water, 11 ⁇ 6% by weight of proteins, 23 ⁇ 7% by weight of cellulose and pentosans and 8 ⁇ 3% by weight % Ash is suspended in 500 liters of rainwater in a hydrolysis tank of 3 m 3 volume.
• the fat content can also be much higher, for example up to 7 wt .-%.
• the suspension is maintained at a temperature of about 25 ° C or at 42 ° C.
• the mixture is stirred vigorously every four hours for one minute.
• the solid fraction is up to a halt dried in the sun Restfeuchtege ⁇ of 12 wt .-%. Thereafter, the solid is pasteu ⁇ ized and thermally dried until it has a residual moisture content of less than 5 wt .-%.
• the solid end product is a dietary fiber-rich cocoa material.
• This food fiber-rich cocoa material is particularly suitable for supplementing in the production of chocolate com- pounds and so-called fillings (eg chocolates, confectionery and / or bread fillings), cocoa drinks, candy bars, chocolate spread and baked goods.
• the ratio of water-insoluble to water-soluble dietary fibers is about 5.5 for the starting material and greater than 19 for the final product.
• the liquid phase is directed to a third biogas tank, which holds 40 m 3 of volume and contains 30 m 3 of liquid. Excess liquid is then returned to the first tank, into which fresh cocoa shells are added and hydrolysis begins. In this way, a closed fluid circuit purchase, which is particularly advantageous for Anla ⁇ gen in countries with little rain water is formed. Alternatively, always fresh for hydrolysis rainwater can use the ⁇ .
• the temperature in the biogas tank is approx. 38-40 ° C or 38-42 ° C. The result is a biogas pressure of 2-5 bar.
• the biogas yield per tonne of cocoa husk (o DM, "organic dry matter") is 485 standard cubic meters (485 Nm 3 / to DM ⁇ 10%) with a methane concentration of 60% ( ⁇ 5%).
• the biogas yield is sufficient to operate a roaster for cocoa beans, which produces the initial amount of cocoa peel.

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• 2012
  • 2012-02-02 EP EP12153570.2A patent/EP2622967B8/de not_active Not-in-force
• 2013
  • 2013-02-04 EP EP13705937.4A patent/EP2809172A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-02-04 CN CN201380007106.8A patent/CN104114031A/zh active Pending
  • 2013-02-04 AP AP2014007879A patent/AP2014007879A0/xx unknown
  • 2013-02-04 BR BR112014019037A patent/BR112014019037A8/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-02-04 MX MX2014009371A patent/MX2014009371A/es unknown
  • 2013-02-04 US US14/375,974 patent/US20150044748A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-02-04 KR KR1020147024016A patent/KR20140123548A/ko not_active Ceased
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  • 2013-02-04 CA CA2862918A patent/CA2862918A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-02-04 RU RU2014135545A patent/RU2623238C2/ru active
  • 2013-02-04 WO PCT/EP2013/052137 patent/WO2013113922A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2014
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