WO2013111683A1 - 望遠鏡光学系及び光学機器 - Google Patents
望遠鏡光学系及び光学機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013111683A1 WO2013111683A1 PCT/JP2013/050940 JP2013050940W WO2013111683A1 WO 2013111683 A1 WO2013111683 A1 WO 2013111683A1 JP 2013050940 W JP2013050940 W JP 2013050940W WO 2013111683 A1 WO2013111683 A1 WO 2013111683A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical system
- reflecting
- reflecting member
- optical axis
- telescope
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/026—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system having static image erecting or reversing properties only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/64—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image
- G02B27/646—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image compensating for small deviations, e.g. due to vibration or shake
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a telescope optical system and an optical apparatus.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a telescope optical system that can be reduced in size and weight and an optical apparatus having the telescope optical system.
- a telescope optical system has an objective optical system and an erecting optical system that erects an image formed by the objective optical system in order from the object side
- the erecting optical system includes a first reflecting member having a reflecting surface that reflects light from the objective optical system, a second reflecting member having a reflecting surface that reflects light reflected by the first reflecting member, and at least one It has three or more surfaces including a roof surface, and any one of these surfaces is an incident surface, and one of the other surfaces is an emission surface, and the light reflected by the second reflecting member is And a third reflecting member that is incident from the incident surface and reflected by the surface, and then is emitted from the exit surface.
- the effective diameter in the longitudinal direction is ⁇ 1
- the effective diameter of the incident surface of the third reflecting member is ⁇ 2
- the reflecting surface of the first reflecting member When the angle formed by the optical axis is ⁇ and the distance from the end surface on the objective optical system side of the reflecting surface of the first reflecting member to the exit surface of the third reflecting member is L, It is preferable to satisfy the following conditions.
- the focal length of the objective optical system is f o
- the distance on the optical axis from the reflecting surface of the first reflecting member to the reflecting surface of the second reflecting member is d 1
- the second When the distance on the optical axis from the reflecting surface of the reflecting member to the incident surface of the third reflecting member is d 2 , It is preferable to satisfy the following conditions.
- such a telescope optical system has an objective optical system with an aperture of D, a maximum angle of view of 2 ⁇ and a focal length of f o , on the optical axis from the main plane of the objective optical system to the reflecting surface of the first reflecting member.
- d 2 It is preferable to satisfy the following conditions.
- z 0 is assumed to be expressed by the following equation.
- either one of the first reflecting member and the second reflecting member rotate around the rotation center including the optical axis.
- such a telescope optical system has an eyepiece optical system for observing an image formed by the objective optical system, and an image formed by the objective optical system from the rotation center of the first reflecting member or the second reflecting member.
- such a telescope optical system can be configured such that the optical axis of the objective optical system and the optical axis of the eyepiece optical system are not on the same straight line.
- an optical apparatus is characterized by having any of the above-described telescope optical systems.
- the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to provide a telescope optical system that can be reduced in size and weight, and an optical apparatus having the telescope optical system.
- the telescope optical system 10 includes an objective optical system 1 that collects light from an object to form an image of the object along an optical axis in order from the object side, and an inverted object formed by the objective optical system 1.
- An erecting optical system 2 that inverts the image vertically and horizontally to convert it into an erect image
- an eyepiece optical system 3 that magnifies the image of the object formed by the objective optical system 1 and observes it with the observation eye located at the eye point EP And is composed of.
- the erecting optical system 2 used in the telescope optical system 10 according to the present embodiment is a first reflecting mirror that is a first reflecting member having a first diaphragm 21 and a reflecting surface 22a along the optical axis in order from the object side. 22, a second reflecting mirror 23 which is a second reflecting member having a reflecting surface 23a, a second diaphragm 24, a roof prism 25 which is a third reflecting member having three or more surfaces including at least one roof surface, It is comprised.
- the roof prism 25 is assumed to be a glass member, but a resin may be used. Further, in the telescope optical system 10 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- the optical axis of the eyepiece optical system 3 is offset (eccentric) with respect to the optical axis of the objective optical system 1, and these optical axes.
- the direction in which the optical axis of the objective optical system 1 (or the eyepiece optical system 3) of the telescope optical system 10 extends is defined as the z-axis, and the directions orthogonal to each other within a plane orthogonal to the z-axis.
- the y axis and the x axis are assumed. As shown in FIG. 1, it is assumed that the first and second reflecting mirrors 22 and 23 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to the yz plane when viewed from the x-axis direction.
- an angle formed with the z axis of the reflecting surface 22a of the first reflecting mirror 22 in the yz plane is defined as ⁇ , and an angle formed with the z axis of the reflecting surface 23a of the second reflecting mirror 23. If ⁇ is ⁇ and the apex angle (the angle formed by the roof surface) of the roof prism 25 is ⁇ , the following relationships (a) and (b) are established (the unit is °).
- the weight is approximately 72 g.
- the number of reflection mirrors 22 and 23 is several grams. For example, since the product weight of binoculars is about 0.5 to 1 kg, the use of the two reflecting mirrors 22 and 23 as in this embodiment can reduce the overall weight of the optical device by about 10%. it can.
- the cross-sectional shape of the light beam collected by the objective optical system 1 is substantially circular, as shown in FIG.
- the shape of the light beam projected onto the reflecting surface 22a of the one reflecting mirror 22 is an ellipse.
- the telescope optical system 10 satisfies the following conditional expression (1).
- the above-mentioned distance L indicates the distance in the z-axis direction from the end closest to the object side of the first reflecting mirror 22 to the exit surface 25b of the roof prism 25, that is, the overall length of the erecting optical system 2. ing.
- the lower limit of L corresponding to the length of the erecting optical system 2 in the z-axis direction is limited as in conditional expression (1).
- the light beam reflected by the second reflecting mirror 23 is configured not to enter the first reflecting mirror 22 as shown in FIG. be able to.
- the telescope optical system 10 according to this embodiment, the reflecting surface 22a of the first reflecting mirror 22 a distance on the optical axis to the reflecting surface 23a of the second reflecting mirror 23 and d 1, the second reflecting mirror 23 when the distance on the optical axis from the reflective surface 23a to the incident surface 25a of the roof prism 25 and the d 2, it is desirable to satisfy the following condition (2).
- Conditional expression (2) is a condition for suppressing the generation of stray light in the erecting optical system 2.
- the point on the optical axis of the reflecting surface 22a of the first reflecting mirror 22 is O
- the point on the optical axis of the reflecting surface 23a of the second reflecting mirror 23 is P
- the roof prism 25 If the point on the optical axis of the incident surface 25a is W, the triangle OPW has a similar shape if d 1 / d 2 is constant. Therefore, if the point O is fixed, the slope of the line segment OW with respect to the z-axis Is constant.
- conditional expression (2) if the upper limit value of conditional expression (2) is exceeded, the position of the roof prism 25 becomes lower than the first reflecting mirror 22 as shown in FIG. 4C, and the light reflected by the second reflecting mirror 23 is reduced. The optical axis approaches the first reflecting mirror 22. For this reason, part of the light reflected by the second reflecting mirror 23 enters the first reflecting mirror 22 and cannot satisfy the conditional expression (1), which is not preferable.
- the conditional expression (1) can be satisfied by reducing the diameter of the light beam passing through the erecting optical system 2, but this is not preferable because the F value of the objective optical system 1 becomes dark.
- the point W is closest to the point O, and the arrangement of the first and second reflecting mirrors 22 and 23 is the most compact in the z-axis direction. If the diameters of the openings of the first diaphragm 21 and the second diaphragm 24 are too large, light that is directly incident on the roof prism 25 without being reflected by the first reflecting mirror 22 or the second reflecting mirror 23 is generated. Since the light becomes a stray light component, it is not preferable. Therefore, it is desirable that the diameters of the openings of the first and second diaphragms 21 and 24 be as small as possible.
- the telescope optical system 10 satisfies the conditional expression (1), and in order to reduce the size, when the focal length of the objective optical system 1 is f o , the following conditional expression (3 ) Is desirable.
- conditional expression (3) If the lower limit value of the conditional expression (3) is not reached, the light flux that can be captured by the incident surface 25a of the roof prism 25 becomes small, and the brightness cannot be secured. Also, conditional expression (1) cannot be satisfied. On the other hand, if the upper limit value of conditional expression (3) is exceeded, the erecting optical system 2 becomes larger in the y-axis direction, and the telescope optical system 10 cannot be downsized. From the above, the distance d 1 on the optical axis between the reflecting surface 22a of the first reflecting mirror 22 and the reflecting surface 23a of the second reflecting mirror 23 of the erecting optical system 2, and the reflecting surface 23a of the second reflecting mirror 23 and the roof prism 25. The distance d 2 on the optical axis with respect to the incident surface 25a is preferably determined so as to satisfy the conditional expressions (2) and (3) described above.
- the distance d on the optical axis from the main plane of the objective optical system 1 to the reflecting surface 22a of the first reflecting mirror 22 satisfies the following conditional expression (4). It is desirable.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the optical axis of the telescope optical system 10 is expanded on the yz plane.
- the aperture of the objective optical system 1 is D, and the field of view or maximum field angle of the telescope optical system 10 is 2 ⁇ .
- the positional relationship between the main plane of the objective optical system 1 and the image plane formed by the objective optical system 1 is shown.
- the position of the light beam having the maximum numerical aperture on the principal ray of the objective optical system 1 (the light beam that determines the pupil shape and enters the objective optical system 1 in a state substantially parallel to the optical axis) is (D / 2, 0), the position on the optical axis of the image plane of the objective optical system 1 is (0, f o ), and the position of the maximum image height is (f o tan ⁇ , f o ).
- z o in the above-mentioned conditional expression (4) corresponds to the z-axis coordinate of the intersection of the light beam having the maximum field angle passing through the center of the objective optical system 1 and the light beam determining the above-described pupil shape. It is represented by (c).
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration in which the second reflecting mirror 23 is rotated around the intersection P between the optical axis and the second reflecting mirror 23 to add an anti-vibration function.
- the anti-vibration function is a method in which the lens is decentered.
- the telescope optical system 10 according to the present embodiment uses reflection, the anti-vibration function is performed using the second reflecting mirror 23 that is a reflecting member. Yes.
- the second reflecting mirror 23 is tilted by the angle ⁇ , the declination becomes 2 ⁇ , which has a larger influence on the light beam than when a lens is used. That is, a sufficient anti-vibration function can be realized with a small amount of fluctuation.
- the second reflecting mirror 23 preferably has a rotation function in two directions, ie, rotation about the point P and the x axis as a reference, and rotation about the same point P and the z axis as a reference. Since the optical device supported by a simple hand has a high importance of vibration isolation in the vertical direction, only the above-described x-axis rotation may be performed. Further, the anti-vibration function can be realized by rotating the first reflecting mirror 22 instead of rotating the second reflecting mirror 23.
- FIG. 7 shows a state where the telescope optical system 10 according to the present embodiment is tilted, and shows a state in which the erecting optical system 2 is linearly expanded (the erecting optical system 2 in FIG. Only the reflecting mirror 23 is shown).
- the optical axis is at the position F ′ on the image plane of the objective optical system 1 in a reference state (before the telescope optical system 10 is tilted).
- the objective optical system 1 is also tilted by the angle ⁇ , so that the object-side optical axis on the image plane is from F ′. Shift to F o ′.
- the total optical axis deviation amount N to be corrected is the sum of the length F′F o ′ and the length F′F e ′ on the image plane.
- the focal length of the eyepiece optical system 3 is fe
- the total optical axis deviation amount N is expressed by the following equation (d).
- conditional expression (5) If the lower limit of conditional expression (5) is not reached, correction is insufficient, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of conditional expression (5), it will be overcorrected, which is not preferable.
- the telescope optical system 10 includes an objective optical system 1, an erecting optical system 2, and an eyepiece optical system 3 in order from the object side.
- the objective optical system 1 is composed of a cemented lens in which, in order from the object side, a biconvex lens L1 and a negative meniscus lens L2 having a concave surface facing the object side are cemented.
- the erecting optical system 2 includes a first diaphragm 21, a first reflecting mirror 22, a second reflecting mirror 23, a second diaphragm 24, and a roof prism 25 in order from the object side.
- a cemented lens in which a positive meniscus lens L3 and a biconcave lens L4 having a concave surface facing the object side are cemented, a biconvex lens L5, a biconcave lens L6, and a biconvex lens L7 are cemented. It is composed of a cemented lens and a positive meniscus lens L8 having a convex surface facing the object side.
- the image plane IM of the objective optical system 1 is formed between the biconcave lens L4 and the biconvex lens L5 of the eyepiece optical system 3.
- the optical axis of the eyepiece optical system 3 is offset in the y-axis direction with respect to the optical axis of the objective optical system 1, and the offset amount is apparent from Table 1 below. It is 8.779 mm.
- the specifications of the telescope optical system 10 according to the present example are shown in Table 1 below.
- the f o is the focal length of the objective optical system 1 in the General Data
- f e is the focal length of the eyepiece optical system
- ER lens surface on the most image side of the eye relief (eyepiece optical system 3 ⁇ represents the magnification of the telephoto optical system 10 (the distance on the optical axis from the twentieth surface in FIG. 1) to the eye point EP.
- the first column m is the number (surface number) of each optical surface from the object side
- the second column r is the radius of curvature of each optical surface
- the third column d is the next optical surface from each optical surface.
- the seventh column y represents the y-coordinate of the point where each optical surface intersects the optical axis
- the eighth column z represents the light on each optical surface.
- the z-coordinates of the points that intersect the axis are shown.
- the y coordinate and the z coordinate have the first surface as the origin. Note that the refractive index of air of 1.000 000 is omitted.
- the values of the y coordinate and the z coordinate are shown only for the objective optical system 1 and the erecting optical system 2.
- the aspherical surface has a height in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis as y, and the distance (sag amount) along the optical axis from the tangential plane at the lens apex to the position on the surface at the height y is S (y).
- R radius of curvature of the reference sphere
- ⁇ the conic coefficient
- n-th order aspheric coefficient is An
- * is shown on the right side of the surface number of an aspheric optical surface. Since the aspherical surface of the telescope optical system 10 according to the present embodiment has all aspherical coefficients of 0, the aspherical data shows the surface number and the value of the cone coefficient ⁇ .
- Table 1 below also shows the condition corresponding values that are the values of the conditional expressions (1) to (5) described above. The description of each symbol in the condition corresponding value is as described above.
- the focal length f, the radius of curvature r, the surface interval d, and other length units listed in all the following specification values are generally “mm”, but the optical system is proportionally enlarged or reduced. However, the same optical performance can be obtained, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the telescope optical system 10 according to the present example satisfies all the conditional expressions (1) to (5).
- the distance d of the reflecting surface 22a of the first reflecting mirror 22 from the main plane of the objective optical system 1 is reflected by the reflection of the first reflecting mirror 22 from the vertex of the surface closest to the image side of the objective optical system 1.
- the telescope optical system 10 according to the present example satisfies the conditional expression (4).
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Abstract
Description
[全体諸元]
fo=190.00
fe=12.65
ER=15.281
β=15x
[レンズデータ]
m r d nC nd nF y z
1 108.000 10.0 1.514319 1.516789 1.522369 0.000 0.000
2 -80.000 3.5 1.615023 1.620040 1.632103 0.000 10.000
3 -344.799 94.5 0.000 13.500
4 ∞ 30.4 0.000 107.967
5 ∞ 24.0 30.254 111.147
6 ∞ 5.9 1.514319 1.516789 1.522369 12.433 127.192
7 ∞ 13.7 1.514319 1.516789 1.522369 8.059 131.131
8 ∞ 10.9 1.514319 1.516789 1.522369 -2.091 121.992
9 ∞ 8.0 1.514319 1.516789 1.522369 8.779 123.134
10 ∞ 3.5 8.779 139.456
11 -41.000 2.5 1.615023 1.620040 1.632103
12 -17.000 1.2 1.514319 1.516789 1.522369
13 26.000 3.0
14 ∞ 5.2
15 106.761 5.5 1.489204 1.491755 1.497760
16* -19.800 0.2
17 -200.000 1.5 1.796110 1.805184 1.827729
18 17.000 9.2 1.708979 1.713000 1.722197
19 -28.167 0.2
20 19.456 5.0 1.708979 1.713000 1.722197
21 300.000 ER
[非球面データ]
第16面 κ=-1
[条件対応値]
Φ1=35.8
Φ2=8.96
α=42°
L=34
d1=30.420
d2=23.980
z0=147.063
D=50.0
θ=2.2°
M=57.668
N=1.548
ε=0.5°
(1)(Φ1+Φ2)・cosα = 33.26
(2)d1/d2 = 1.269
(3)d1+d2 = 54.400 f/4=47.5 3f/4=142.5
(4)d=94.467(d3=101.9) 下限値=92.663 上限値=147.063
(5)δ=0.769 上限値=0.823 下限値=0.714
22 第1反射鏡(第1反射部材) 23 第2反射鏡(第2反射部材)
25 ダハプリズム(第3反射部材) 25a 入射面 25b 射出面
Claims (8)
- 物体側から順に、
対物光学系と、
前記対物光学系によって形成される像を正立させる正立光学系と、を有し、
前記正立光学系は、
前記対物光学系からの光を反射する反射面を有する第1反射部材と、
前記第1反射部材で反射された光を反射する反射面を有する第2反射部材と、
少なくとも1つのダハ面を含む3以上の面を有し、前記面の何れか1つを入射面とし、前記面のその他の面の1つを射出面とし、前記第2反射部材で反射された光を前記入射面から入射させて前記面で反射させた後、前記射出面から射出させる第3反射部材と、を有することを特徴とする望遠鏡光学系。 - 前記第1反射部材及び前記第2反射部材のいずれか一方が光軸を含む回転中心を中心に回転することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の望遠鏡光学系。
- 前記対物光学系の光軸と前記接眼光学系の光軸とが同一直線上にないことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の望遠鏡光学系。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の望遠鏡光学系を有することを特徴とする光学機器。
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US14/373,898 US10222606B2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-01-18 | Telescopic optical system and optical apparatus |
JP2013555243A JP5796793B2 (ja) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-01-18 | 望遠鏡光学系及び光学機器 |
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CN106415358B (zh) * | 2014-07-07 | 2019-03-22 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 防振光学系统、望远光学系统、双筒望远镜及防振单元 |
CN208351219U (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2019-01-08 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 防振装置及双筒望远镜 |
WO2017110341A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 防振装置及び双眼鏡 |
CN113126271B (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2023-07-28 | 清华大学 | 自由曲面光学望远系统 |
CN117075324B (zh) * | 2023-10-13 | 2023-12-15 | 昆明明汇光学有限公司 | 一种望远镜光学系统 |
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JPH07325256A (ja) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-12-12 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | プリズム望遠鏡光学系 |
JPH1020211A (ja) | 1996-07-01 | 1998-01-23 | Minolta Co Ltd | 反転光学系 |
US6188516B1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2001-02-13 | Kamakura Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Wide-view telescopic optical system |
IL175596A0 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-07-04 | Rafael Advanced Defense Sys | Low orbit missile-shaped satellite for electro-optical earth surveillance and other missions |
US20090091821A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-09 | Regan Rick R | Optical sighting device with selective laser wavelength removal |
JP5277178B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2013-08-28 | 株式会社 ニコンビジョン | 望遠鏡光学系 |
US8503097B2 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2013-08-06 | Nikon Corporation | Lens system, optical apparatus and manufacturing method |
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2013
- 2013-01-18 US US14/373,898 patent/US10222606B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-18 WO PCT/JP2013/050940 patent/WO2013111683A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-01-18 JP JP2013555243A patent/JP5796793B2/ja active Active
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JP3050933U (ja) * | 1998-01-27 | 1998-08-07 | 鎌倉光機株式会社 | 広視界単眼鏡 |
JP2003222802A (ja) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-08-08 | Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd | 観察用光学機器 |
JP2003228003A (ja) * | 2002-02-04 | 2003-08-15 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 観察光学系 |
JP2009002991A (ja) * | 2007-06-19 | 2009-01-08 | Canon Inc | 変倍ファインダーおよびそれを用いた撮像装置 |
JP2010039339A (ja) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | Canon Inc | 変倍ファインダーおよびこれを用いた撮像装置 |
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US20140368905A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
US10222606B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
JPWO2013111683A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
JP5796793B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
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