WO2013110981A1 - Grille tournante pour gazéifieurs - Google Patents
Grille tournante pour gazéifieurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013110981A1 WO2013110981A1 PCT/IB2012/056798 IB2012056798W WO2013110981A1 WO 2013110981 A1 WO2013110981 A1 WO 2013110981A1 IB 2012056798 W IB2012056798 W IB 2012056798W WO 2013110981 A1 WO2013110981 A1 WO 2013110981A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotary
- plough
- rotation
- ash
- component
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
- C10J3/40—Movable grates
- C10J3/42—Rotary grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
- F23G5/26—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having rotating bottom
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
- F23G5/28—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having raking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates
- F23H9/02—Revolving cylindrical grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to gasifiers.
- the invention relates to a solids handling equipment rotary plough, to a rotatable grate assembly for a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous material producing ash and to a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous material.
- particulate carbonaceous material such as particulate carbonaceous material (e.g. coal) and ash.
- particulate carbonaceous material e.g. coal
- a pressurized gasifier e.g. a fixed bed dry bottom gasifier
- particulate carbonaceous feedstock e.g. coal
- a bed in the case of a fixed bed gasifier
- gasified at elevated temperatures and pressures and after gasification any remaining ungasified material is removed from the gasifier as ash via a rotatable grate assembly and an ash lock.
- the rotatable grate assembly has two main mechanical functions. Primarily it is used to extract ash from the bottom of the gasification chamber, but it is also used to crush and remove any ash agglomerates (clinkers) that may be formed in the gasification process.
- the rotatable grate assembly is also used to distribute gasification agent (typically a mixture of steam and oxygen) into the bed of carbonaceous material.
- a conventional rotatable grate assembly comprises of a number of components, principally an upper roughly conical-shaped rotatable grate component, a lower rotatable support structure rigidly connected to the upper rotatable grate component at an upper periphery of the rotatable support structure so that the rotatable grate component and the rotatable support structure rotate together about a common axis of rotation and a ring gear connected at a lower periphery of the rotatable support structure.
- a lowermost stationary support structure is provided on which the rotatable components are supported. In use, the rotatable grate assembly is rotated when the ring gear which is drivingly connected to the lower rotatable support structure is driven via a motor and gearbox assembly which turns the rotatable components of the rotatable grate assembly.
- one or more symmetrically circumferentially spaced ploughs which are rigidly connected to an outer periphery of the upper rotatable grate component act to remove the ash from the bottom of the gasifier.
- Ash consists of dry coarse ash and clinkers, which are by-products of the gasification process.
- Clinkers are solid agglomerates of particles of melted ash. Clinkers need to be crushed in order efficiently to be removed from the gasifier.
- the ploughs continuously scrape the ash through an ash discharge passageway which is defined between the upper rotatable grate component of the rotatable grate assembly and a wall of the gasifier.
- the clinkers are crushed between shield plates mounted on the upper rotatable grate component and wear bricks mounted on the wall of the gasifier.
- the ash and clinkers fall under force of gravity from the ash discharge passageway into an ash lock which is in communication with the ash discharge passageway, to exit the gasifier.
- the operation of and the removal of ash from a fixed bed gasifier are well known in the art and described in detail in WO 2006/061738.
- the inventor has experience with two existing plough designs. The first is a conventional "short straight plough" and the second is the Sasol® Banana PloughTM which is currently in commercial use in South Africa in the Sasol® FBDBTM gasifier.
- the major differences between the short straight plough and the Sasol® Banana PloughTM is that the short straight plough has planar leading and trailing faces, whereas the Sasol® Banana PloughTM has curved leading and trailing faces, with the leading and trailing faces curving in the same direction, resembling to some extent a banana.
- Both the short straight plough and the Sasol® Banana PloughTM are mounted on the upper rotatable grate component of the rotatable grate assembly at an angle to the direction of rotation, such that the leading face of the plough functions to scrape ash particles from an ash bed in a gasification chamber radially inwardly via a central ash discharge passageway or annulus into an ash chamber disposed below the rotatable grate assembly.
- a number of ploughs e.g. four ploughs, are symmetrically mounted on the rotatable grate assembly.
- each plough remove ash and crushed clinker particles from the gasifier by a scraping and cutting motion which causes the ash particles to follow a radially inward pathway from the wall of the gasifier to the central ash discharge annulus and into the ash chamber.
- Discrete element modelling has shown surprisingly that the forward rotation of a rotatable grate assembly on which the Sasol® Banana PloughTM is mounted causes the leading face of a trailing plough to force ash particles onto the trailing face of a preceding plough.
- ash particles become compressed between the trailing face of a leading plough, the gasifier wall and the leading face of a trailing plough.
- This causes an accumulation and compression of ash particles between the two ploughs, which leads to outward forces on the gasifier walls.
- Ash particles wedged between the ploughs and the gasifier wall cause erosion patterns on the gasifier walls and on the components of the grate assembly.
- a grate may temporarily be operated in the reverse mode. This action however induces high torque loads on the drive systems which may eventually lead to mechanical equipment failure. Furthermore, erosion is increased during periods of reverse operation and ash extraction rates are also vastly reduced. Erosion leads to increased maintenance costs, equipment downtime and production loss. These are major operational inefficiencies caused by the inability of the ploughs of the prior art to remove ash in both the forward and the reverse operational modes of a rotatable grate assembly.
- WO 2006/061738 describes the components and the operation of a fixed bed coal gasifier. It discloses the use of the Sasol® Banana PloughTM in a fixed bed gasifier and its reverse mode of operation.
- the state of the art Sasol® Banana PloughTM is attached to a rotatable grate component such that the Sasol® Banana PloughTM passes with limited clearance over an ash collection surface. Ash is continuously withdrawn from the bottom of a gasification zone by rotation of the rotatable grate component and the Sasol® Banana PloughTM continuously discharges ash through an ash discharge passageway.
- WO 2006/061738 discloses the location and use of the Sasol® Banana PloughTM but is silent on the functional design of the Sasol® Banana PloughTM. WO 2006/061738 also does not disclose any operational problems associated with the Sasol® Banana PloughTM or methods to solve them.
- WO 1999/10094 specifically focuses on the grate component of a fixed bed coal gasifier and discloses information on the operation of the ash extraction assembly. It also discloses the use of the Sasol® Banana PloughTM which is operational in the reverse mode but does not disclose any information on its method of functioning.
- US 4,014,664 describes the components and operation of a rotary grate component assembly for a fixed bed coal gasifier, and the assembly appears to be similar to the grate assembly described in WO 2006/061738 and WO 1999/10094.
- US 4,014,664 discloses that the scrapers are located on the periphery of the grate component and that the scrapers are operational in the reverse mode.
- GB 389251 describes improvements in the mechanism of ash discharge in a Kerpely gas producer (Kerpely gas producers were often used for under firing coke ovens).
- GB 389251 discloses that scrapers are located at the periphery of a grate component and are arranged at an angle to the radius so that their rotation sweeps ash towards the centre of the grate component and into an ash discharge hopper.
- US 5,230,716 describes the components and operation of a reversible rotary grate component for a fixed bed coal gasifier.
- US 5,230,71 6 discloses that scoops (ploughs) are located on an upper surface and near an apex of a conical grate component.
- each scoop is positioned at an angle to the radius of the gasification chamber and discharges ash from the central region of a gasification zone in the gasification chamber towards the peripheral region of the grate component to the ash discharge passageway.
- the location and operation of the scoop is therefore different to the state of the art Sasol® Banana PloughTM hereinbefore described.
- US 5,138,957 describes a bottom feed biomass gasification system that does not recirculate gases through a fixed bed. The gases are directed to a secondary heating chamber to maintain the desired operating temperature in a primary heating chamber.
- US 5,138,957 discloses that the ash discharge system has four symmetrically spaced paddles that are mounted on the periphery of a rotary band which rotates in a clockwise direction. The paddles comprise "generally radial front walls" which appear to be vertical. The paddle surface (radial front walls) sweeps the ash forwardly to an ash discharge passageway located between the chamber wall and ash discharge system. When clinkers are formed, they are broken down between the rear walls of the paddles and the walls of the reaction chamber. There is no mention of ash being lodged between the ploughs or erosion of the paddles or chamber walls in US 5,138,957.
- JP 201 1083773 describes a process for the removal of melted ash produced in a biomass gasification process.
- a rotary scraper spans the horizontal surface of a floor of a reaction chamber.
- a "scratching finger” is connected to ends of the rotary scraper. Slag is directed forwardly by the "scratching finger” and after a single revolution of the rotary scraper; the slag is discharged through a discharge outlet located between the wall of the reaction chamber and the rotary scraper.
- the design of the "scratching finger” is undisclosed, however, a top view of the "scratching finger” leads to the conclusion that it is rectangular in shape with vertical faces.
- GB 548082 describes a mechanism for keeping a rotating plough in a rotatable gas generator stationary.
- the plough rotates with an ash pan and gas producer and does not turn out ash.
- the mechanism is engaged and the plough is held stationary, ash will be removed from the producer.
- the ash plough itself is not shown nor is its design or specific functioning described.
- CN 2518061 describes the extraction of block-shaped lime from a vertical lime kiln.
- the extraction device is rotatable and reversible and has six scrapers that are symmetrically located around its circumference.
- CN 2518061 discloses that the scrapers are "triangle” in shape and “scrapes the ash inwardly to an ash discharge tube”. The reverse mode of operation is required to "break the furnace conditions”.
- CA 2188736 describes a fixed bed biomass gasification system, of which a primary chamber has a raised table for supporting the bed of biomass.
- the waste removal system consists of four ploughs that are symmetrically located at the periphery of a ring member on a rotating table and removes ash and waste from the chamber to accumulate in a channel that spans the chamber wall. The ash and waste material are then pushed to a waste aperture located in the floor of the chamber.
- Two of the ploughs are formed with scraping members that extend inwardly towards an apex of the table to scrape ash from the annular zone to the waste aperture. The scraping members also break up clinkers that form on the edge of the table.
- GB 141056 relates to improvements to rotary grates employed in gas producers.
- the ash grates disclosed are conical in shape and attached to a top surface of the grate are radial projections with the leading surface of the projection rising rearwards from the leading edge.
- the front surfaces of the projections are convex and when the grate rotates will raise the combustible material and ash above the grate to prevent clinkering. These projections do not remove ash from the ash bed.
- the conical shape of the grate also causes ash to move to the sides where an annulus is provided with stationary scrapers attached to the inside of vessel wall of the gas producer for ash removal.
- GB 141056 serve for clinker breaking and mixing above the grate.
- GB 141056 is silent on the functional design of the scraper itself. As ash is removed toward the periphery in GB 141056, no surface is provided for displacing ash radially inward.
- EP 0159420 describes the gasification of solid fuel in a fixed bed system.
- the oscillating rotary motion of the grate component and the "vertically reciprocable scrapers” is controlled to be slightly more or less than the circumferential angle of 30°.
- the "vertically reciprocable scrapers” sweep ash over the periphery of the grate component to the ash discharge tube.
- the design aspects of the scrapers are undisclosed in EP 0159420.
- a plough that at least ameliorates the problems associated with the ploughs of the prior art and is preferably able effectively to remove ash in both the forward and reverse operational modes of a rotatable grate assembly would be desirable.
- a solids handling equipment rotary plough including
- an elongate metal body having a leading face and a trailing face and being configured to be mounted to a rotary component for rotation about an axis of rotation at least in one direction which is an operative forward direction such that the leading face leads the trailing face, at least the leading face having at least two major operatively upwardly and outwardly extending surfaces which are not coplanar, a first major surface being angled operatively rearwardly and upwardly relative to the forward direction of rotation at an angle of at least 1 ° to the vertical and a second major surface being angled operatively forwardly and outwardly at an angle of at least 1 ° relative to a radius of a circle described in use by the rotary plough when rotating in the operative forward direction.
- major surfaces of a face is meant that there are no other surfaces on the face which are larger than the major surfaces. Each major surface is typically planar.
- the term “radius” or “radially” is used to describe a direction or position relative to or coinciding with the radius of a circle in use described by the rotary plough when rotating in a plane through which said axis of rotation extends.
- a radially outer or radially outward object or part is further away from said axis of rotation of the metal body of the rotary plough than a radially inner or radially inward object or part.
- “outwardly” means outwardly away from said axis of rotation, although not necessarily along a radius of said circle, unless so specified, with the term “inwardly” having an opposite meaning.
- said plane through which said axis of rotation extends is a horizontal plane.
- the metal body may be of hardened steel.
- the metal body may be of casting steel, e.g. a specially modified heat resistant iron-chromium-nickel alloy of ASTM A297 Grade HF.
- the major surfaces may be clad in a specially hardened material, e.g. a hardfacing such as PRO 100 (trade name) hardfacing.
- the trailing face may have at least two major surfaces which are not coplanar, a first major surface being angled forwardly and upwardly relative to the forward direction of rotation at an angle of at least 1 ° to the vertical and a second major surface being angled rearwardly and outwardly at an angle of at least 1 ° relative to a radius of a circle described in use by the rotary plough when rotating in the forward direction.
- the first and second major surfaces of the leading face may share a common periphery or edge between them. In other words, the first and second major surfaces may be adjacent to and bordering each other.
- the common periphery or edge of the first and second major surfaces of the leading surface may be linear and may extend downwardly in an outward direction.
- the common periphery or edge of the first and second major surfaces of the leading surface may be angled forwardly relative to a radius of a circle described in use by the rotary plough when rotating in the forward direction.
- the common periphery or edge of the first and second major surfaces of the leading surface may define at least a portion of a top periphery of the second major surface.
- the common periphery or edge of the first and second major surfaces of the leading surface may define at least a portion of a bottom periphery of the first major surface.
- the first and second major surfaces of the trailing surface may share a common periphery or edge between them.
- the common periphery or edge of the first and second major surfaces of the trailing surface may be linear and may extend downwardly in an outward direction, and may be angled rearwardly relative to a radius of a circle described in use by the rotary plough when rotating in the forward direction.
- the angle of the first surface to the vertical may be in the range of from about 1 ° to about 35°, e.g. about 15°.
- the angle of the second surface relative to said radius of said circle described in use by the rotary plough when rotating in the forward direction may be in the range of from about 1 ° to about 18°, e.g. about 6°.
- the second surface may extend operatively vertically.
- the trailing face of the body of the rotary plough may be a mirror image of the leading face of the body of the rotary plough.
- the trailing face and the leading face may be mirrored about a radius plane defined by the rotary plough in use.
- the body may have a linear centre line, or may be configured to be mounted such that it extends radially outwardly from where it is mounted to a rotary component.
- a spine may be defined between the leading and trailing faces.
- the spine may be planar and the spine may coincide in use with a radius of said circle described by the rotary plough when rotating in the operative forward direction.
- the spine may have a curved upper periphery over at least a portion of the length of the spine. In one embodiment of the invention, a radially outer portion of the upper periphery of the spine is flat and a radially inner portion of the upper periphery of the spine is convexly curved.
- a radially outward portion of the body may have an increased height compared to a radially inward portion of the body.
- a bottom surface of the body drops down radially outwardly to end in a rounded upwardly curved toe.
- a rotary component configured for rotation about an upwardly extending axis of rotation, the rotary component being configured for rotation at least in one direction which is an operative forward direction;
- rotary ploughs as hereinbefore described, the rotary ploughs being mounted to the rotary component for rotation together with the rotary component about said axis of rotation and the rotary ploughs extending outwardly away from said axis of rotation.
- the rotary component may be an upper rotatable grate component, the rotatable grate assembly further including a lower rotatable support structure fastened to the upper rotatable grate component for rotation together with the upper rotatable grate component, the lower rotatable support structure being configured to be drivingly rotated about an axis of rotation which coincides with said axis of rotation of the upper rotatable grate component.
- said axis of rotation of the upper rotatable grate component is vertical.
- the rotary component may be configured for rotation in both said operative forward direction and an operative reverse direction.
- the grate assembly may be operable in both said forward direction and said reverse direction.
- the rotary ploughs may extend radially away from said axis of rotation.
- an end of a rotary plough where the rotary plough is mounted to the rotary component may be radially in line with a free end of said rotary plough.
- component is intended to include an assembled component including more than one part, such as a rotatable grate component comprising a number of parts assembled to form the grate component.
- the rotatable grate component may have an upwardly inwardly tapering outer surface.
- the upwardly inwardly tapering outer surface may be staggered or stepped when seen in vertical cross-section, defining vertically and radially spaced terraces.
- the terraces may be covered by shield plates to protect the rotatable grate component from abrasive material, e.g. ash.
- the rotary ploughs may be equiangularly spaced.
- rotary ploughs when only two rotary ploughs are present, they may be about 180° apart, when three rotary ploughs are present, they may be about 120° apart, when four rotary ploughs are present, they may be about 90° apart, and when six rotary ploughs are present, they may be about 60° apart. It may however be that the arrangement of the rotary ploughs is not symmetrical due to construction constraints (other components in the way, etc.), particularly when the rotary plough of the invention is retrofitted to an existing rotatable grate assembly. Large variations in spacing between rotary ploughs, e.g. up to 60° variation, may be employed. It is expected that up to six rotary ploughs may be mounted to the rotary component.
- a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous material including a rotatable grate assembly as hereinbefore described, the rotatable grate assembly being mounted within a gasification chamber defined by a gasification vessel with the lower rotatable support structure of the grate assembly being connected to drive means.
- the gasifier may be a fixed bed gasifier, in particular a fixed bed dry bottom gasifier.
- the gasifier may be a coal, waste or biomass gasifier, or a gasifier configured to gasify a combination of two or more of coal, waste and biomass.
- the gasifier is a coal gasifier operating at a pressure of between 5 bar(g) and 100 bar(g) and a temperature of between 400 °C and 1 600 °C.
- the rotatable grate component typically has a vertical dimension and a radial direction and is rotatable about a vertical axis of an ash discharge outlet of the gasification chamber, with a lower periphery of the rotatable grate component being below an apex or upper end of the rotatable grate component.
- Figure 1 shows a vertically sectioned view of a rotatable grate assembly, installed in a fixed bed dry bottom coal gasifier
- Figure 2 shows a three dimensional view of a rotary plough in accordance with the invention
- Figure 3 shows a plan view of the rotary plough of Figure 2
- Figure 4 shows a side view of the rotary plough of Figure 2;
- Figure 5 shows an end view of the rotary plough of Figure 2;
- Figure 6 shows a vertical section through the rotary plough of Figure 2, taken at
- Figure 7 shows a vertical section through the rotary plough of Figure 2, taken at
- Figure 8 shows a vertical section through the rotary plough of Figure 2, taken at
- Figure 9 shows the velocity of ash particles displaced by a short straight plough in (A) the forward and (B) the reverse direction;
- Figure 10 shows the velocity of ash particles displaced by a Sasol® Banana PloughTM in (A) the forward and (B) the reverse direction;
- Figure 1 1 shows the velocity of ash particles displaced by a rotary ash plough in accordance with the invention having mirror image leading and trailing faces, in both the forward and reverse directions.
- reference numeral 10 generally refers to a grate assembly installed in a gasification vessel 100 of a fixed bed dry bottom coal gasifier.
- the gasification vessel 100 defines a gasification chamber 102 (a pressure vessel) within which the grate assembly 10 is located.
- the gasification chamber 102 has a wall 18.
- the grate assembly 10 comprises an upper rotatable grate component 1 1 , connected to a lower rotatable support structure 12 by a plurality of connecting bolts 15.
- the lower rotatable support structure 12 is drivingly connected to a ring gear 13 which is in turn connected through a gearbox to an electric motor (not shown).
- the electric motor and gearbox are used to rotate the rotatable components 1 1 , 12 and 13 of the grate assembly 10.
- the rotatable components 1 1 , 12 and 13 are supported by a stationary support structure 14 above an ash discharge outlet or passageway 20 of the gasification vessel 100.
- One or more rotary metal ash ploughs 17 are connected to a radially outermost periphery of the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 .
- the ploughs 17 are used to scrape ash from an ash bed within the gasification chamber 102 through an ash discharge annulus 19 which is defined between the outer periphery of the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 and the wall 18 of the gasification chamber 102.
- the ploughs 17 may be of the short straight type or the Sasol® Banana PloughTM as hereinbefore described, or an improved rotary ash plough according to the present invention.
- the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 is configured to allow the ploughs 17 to be readily interchangeable.
- the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 is provided with shield plates 22, arranged in terrace fashion.
- the grate assembly 10 is rotated about a vertical axis of rotation 21 , which corresponds with the centre line of the ash discharge passageway 20 which is also the centre line of the grate assembly 10.
- Coal is fed batch-wise into the top of the gasifier (not shown) and gasification agent is fed into a lower portion of the gasification chamber 102 through gasification agent outlets 23 underneath lower edges of outer shield plates 22, thereby to gasify coal located in a slow moving bed within the gasification chamber 102.
- Ash is continuously withdrawn from the bottom of the gasification chamber 102 through the ash discharge annulus 19 provided between the wall 18 of the gasification chamber 102 on the one hand and the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 on the other hand, and through the ash discharge passageway 20.
- the ploughs 17 rotate with the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 thereby discharging ash by scraping it through the ash discharge annulus 19.
- clinker crushing is performed between the shield plates 22 of the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 and the wall 18 of the gasifier chamber 102.
- reference numeral 200 generally indicates a rotary ash plough in accordance with the present invention.
- the plough 200 has an elongate hardened, wedge-shaped in plan view, steel body 201 defining an operative leading face 210 and an operative trailing face 212.
- the trailing face 212 is a mirror image of the leading face 210.
- the plough 200 typically includes mounting formations, e.g. bolt receiving apertures, towards the right hand end of the body 201 as shown in Figure 4, to allow mounting of the plough 200 to the rotatable grate component 1 1 .
- mounting formations e.g. bolt receiving apertures
- Each of the leading face 210 and the trailing face 212 defines two angled or sloped major planar surfaces 202.1 , 202.2 and 204.1 , 204.2.
- the surfaces 202.1 , 202.2 are constructed at an angle to the vertical, such that a bottom leading edge 206 of the leading face 210 is radially in front of a top leading edge 208 in an operative forward direction of rotation 203, which in this embodiment is counter-clockwise.
- the surface 202.1 is thus angled rearwardly relative to the forward direction of rotation 203, and upwardly away from a horizontal plane in which the plough 200 in use rotates.
- the opposite is true in respect of the surface 202.2 when the plough 200 is rotated counter-clockwise as indicated by the arrow 203.
- the faces 202.1 , 202.2 are typically formed by a 30° angled cut 220 (see Figure 6), i.e. a 15° cut to the vertical each (when the plough 200 is viewed in an operative condition).
- the angle 220 may be anywhere in the range of from about 2° to about 70°. The angle 220 can thus be decreased to approach about 2° or increased to approach about 70°; however, ash extraction efficiency may be negatively impacted by a too narrow or a too wide angle 220.
- the second surface 204.1 is in use a vertical planar surface which is angled forwardly and outwardly at an angle relative to a radius 222 (see Figure 3) of a circle (not shown) described in use by the rotary plough 200 when rotating in the forward direction 203. Being a mirror image of the surface 204.1 , the opposite is thus true for the surface 204.2 when the plough is rotated in the forward direction 203.
- the surfaces 204.1 , 204.2 are typically cut by a 12° radial cut, indicated by an angle 224 (see Figure 3), such that the body 201 of the plough 200 widens in a direction away from a radially inner edge 214 of the body 201 .
- the radial cut or angle 224 of the surfaces 204.1 , 204.2 may be anywhere in the range of from about 2° to about 36°.
- the angle 224 can thus be decreased to approach about 2° or increased to approach about 36° but the ash extraction efficiency may also be negatively impacted by a too wide or a too narrow angle 224.
- the body 201 has a centre plane coinciding with the radius 222, defining a spine 226 between the leading and trailing faces 210, 212.
- the spine 226 is planar and has a curved upper periphery 228 in a radially inner portion of the body 201 and a flat periphery 230 in a radially outer portion of the body 201 .
- a radially outer portion of the body 201 has an increased height compared to a radially inner portion of the body 201 , with a bottom surface 232 of the body 201 dropping radially outwardly before curving upwardly again to define a rounded or curved toe 234.
- one or more ploughs 200 are bolted to the upper rotatable grate component 1 1 of the grate assembly 10 by fastening means (not shown) near said radially inner edge 214 of the body 201 .
- fastening means not shown
- the angled surfaces 202.1 and 204.1 result in forces on the ash particles of which the contact vectors are axially upward and inwards towards the axis of rotation.
- a compression of particles between two successive ploughs occurs, resulting in erosion of the components of the grate assembly and the gasifier walls.
- the inclusion of two angled surfaces 202.1 and 204.1 on the leading face 210 of the plough 200 surprisingly overcomes this problem and reduces the compressive effect discovered in the operation of the short straight plough or the Sasol® Banana PloughTM of the prior art.
- the angled surface 202.1 lifts ash particles vertically upwards to fill void spaces in the ash bed which are caused by variable ash particle sizes.
- the surface 204.1 induces an inward displacement of the ash particles towards the axis of rotation relative to the normal (i.e. 90°) contact vector, thus ensuring removal of the particles via the ash discharge annulus 19.
- the angled surfaces 202.1 and 204.1 enable ash particles to have particle-to-particle contact surfaces, thus minimizing wear on the plough 200 and on other surfaces, e.g. the shield plates 22 or the gasifier wall 18.
- the number of ploughs 200 employed will be determined by the required ash extraction rate. Typically, up to six ploughs 200 would be utilized.
- Modelling has also shown that extraction efficiency of the plough 200 is increased over ploughs of the prior art, in both the forward direction 203 and in a reverse direction of operation.
- the plough 200 is designed such that the leading face 210 (comprising both angled surfaces 202.1 and 204.1 ) and the trailing face 212 (also comprising angled surfaces 202.2 and 204.2) are mirror images of each other. This enables the plough 200 effectively to remove ash when rotated in the forward direction 203 or in a reverse direction, without a reduction in the ash extraction efficiency or a change in the erosion characteristics. This extends the working life of the plough 200 greatly and prevents high wear and loss of extraction when operating the grate assembly 10 and plough 200 in a reverse mode.
- FIG. 1 1 the velocity of ash particles is shown when displaced by a plough 200 in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 1 1 represents operation of the plough in either the forward or the reverse direction.
- the contrasting factor in the operation of the plough 200 when compared to the Sasol® Banana PloughTM ( Figure 10) and the straight short plough ( Figure 9) is that the plough 200 has a constant moving layer of ash on the leading face. This is because the plough 200 creates a stagnant layer of ash particles ahead of it, as it is mounted on the grate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation, i.e. radially extending. With a constant stagnant layer built up ahead of the plough 200, ash-on-ash friction ahead of the plough improves and promotes solid flow and thus prevents erosion on the plough 200.
- Similar torque and extraction rates are achieved in the forward or reverse operational modes of the plough 200, which is a notable improvement over those achieved by the Sasol® Banana PloughTM and the short straight plough.
- the major distinguishing factor in the operation of the plough 200 when compared to the Sasol ® Banana PloughTM and the short straight plough is that the plough 200 has a constant moving layer of ash on the plough face. This is because the plough 200 creates a stagnant layer of particles ahead of it as it is mounted normal to the contact direction. Solids flow is thereby promoted and improved.
- a grate assembly 10, as illustrated, incorporating one of more ploughs 200, as illustrated, will yield benefits in respect of reduced erosion on the ploughs, wear plates, grate components and gasifier walls, which will improve the life of the mechanical equipment. Furthermore, ash and clinker particles are more efficiently extracted from the gasifier as the plough 200 can operate in both the forward and reverse directions without a reduction in the extraction efficiencies or any noticeable increase in equipment wear. The reduced torque associated with operation in both the forward and reverse operating modes is beneficial in that equipment failure is mitigated.
Abstract
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ628393A NZ628393B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2012-11-28 | Rotary plough for gasifiers |
US14/374,495 US20150041716A1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2012-11-28 | Rotary plough for gasifiers |
AU2012367827A AU2012367827A1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2012-11-28 | Rotary plough for gasifiers |
ZA2014/05369A ZA201405369B (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2014-07-21 | Rotary plough for gasifiers |
IN1505MUN2014 IN2014MN01505A (fr) | 2012-01-24 | 2014-07-25 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA2012/00591 | 2012-01-24 | ||
ZA201200591 | 2012-01-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013110981A1 true WO2013110981A1 (fr) | 2013-08-01 |
Family
ID=47557413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2012/056798 WO2013110981A1 (fr) | 2012-01-24 | 2012-11-28 | Grille tournante pour gazéifieurs |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150041716A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103215076A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2012367827A1 (fr) |
IN (1) | IN2014MN01505A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013110981A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA201405369B (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104087343A (zh) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-08 | 浙江松盛金属制品有限公司 | 煤气发生炉卸渣装置 |
US20150300639A1 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2015-10-22 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Rotary ploughs for gasifiers |
WO2016001676A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Dps Bristol (Holdings) Limited | Gazéifieur |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109321278A (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-12 | 山西潞安煤基合成油有限公司 | 鲁奇气化炉齿轮夹套护板 |
CN113528187B (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-04-22 | 赣州市怡辰宏焰能源科技有限公司 | 一种犁状清灰出料的生物质气化炉 |
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- 2012-11-28 US US14/374,495 patent/US20150041716A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2013
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US2074472A (en) * | 1931-12-22 | 1937-03-23 | Semet Solvay Eng Corp | Mechanical generator for water gas machines |
GB389251A (en) | 1932-02-11 | 1933-03-16 | John James Cannon | Improvements in or relating to expanding pulleys |
GB548082A (en) | 1940-04-26 | 1942-09-24 | Morgan Construction Co | Improvements in and relating to ash removal mechanism for gas producers |
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DD267550A1 (de) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-05-03 | Leipzig Chemieanlagen | Schlackebrecher fuer kohledruckvergaser |
DD267780A1 (de) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-05-10 | Schwarze Pumpe Gas Veb | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur schlackebrechung im kohledruckvergaser |
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CA2188736A1 (fr) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-11-04 | Kenneth G. Gardner | Systeme de gazeification |
WO1999010094A1 (fr) | 1997-08-21 | 1999-03-04 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Evacuation de matieres particulaires solides contenues dans une cuve a pulverulents |
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WO2006061738A2 (fr) | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-15 | Sasol-Lurgi Technology Company (Proprietary) Limited | Gazeifieur de charbon a lit fixe |
JP2011083773A (ja) | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-28 | Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd | 廃棄物ガス化溶融処理設備の集じん灰加熱装置 |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20150300639A1 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2015-10-22 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Rotary ploughs for gasifiers |
CN104087343A (zh) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-08 | 浙江松盛金属制品有限公司 | 煤气发生炉卸渣装置 |
WO2016001676A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Dps Bristol (Holdings) Limited | Gazéifieur |
US10421919B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2019-09-24 | Pyrocore S.A. | Gasifier |
AU2015282414B2 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2020-04-09 | Dps Bristol (Holdings) Limited | A gasifier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA201405369B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
IN2014MN01505A (fr) | 2015-05-01 |
US20150041716A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
NZ628393A (en) | 2015-08-28 |
AU2012367827A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
CN103215076A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
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