WO2013109132A1 - Self-contained, mechatronic dry compost toilet - Google Patents

Self-contained, mechatronic dry compost toilet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013109132A1
WO2013109132A1 PCT/MX2012/000131 MX2012000131W WO2013109132A1 WO 2013109132 A1 WO2013109132 A1 WO 2013109132A1 MX 2012000131 W MX2012000131 W MX 2012000131W WO 2013109132 A1 WO2013109132 A1 WO 2013109132A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dry
composting
mechatronic
self
sanitary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2012/000131
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2013109132A8 (en
Inventor
Enrique de jesús VIGNAU ESTEVA
Alejandro Cuauhtémoc RAMÍREZ REIVICH
Vicente BORJA RAMÍREZ
Marcelo LOPEZ PARRA
Andés DEL OLMO GIL
Original Assignee
Espacios De Innovación Tecnológica, S.C.
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Publication date
Application filed by Espacios De Innovación Tecnológica, S.C. filed Critical Espacios De Innovación Tecnológica, S.C.
Publication of WO2013109132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013109132A1/en
Publication of WO2013109132A8 publication Critical patent/WO2013109132A8/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
    • A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
    • A47K11/03—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets having means for adding powder, e.g. earth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to a new dry sanitary equipment and more particularly refers to a sanitary furniture that separates the excreta from the urine, and more especially to a novel alternative system for the management of human organic waste in the urban environment, which handles the excreta dry and separated from the urine, and is installed inside the homes. It can also be installed in rural and suburban homes.
  • This system avoids the use of clean water for the management of human feces, as well as the creation of sources of environmental pollution associated with its mismanagement, which are vehicles for the spread of gastrointestinal diseases, and allows human excreta to be reintegrated to the cycles of nature or be used as organic fertilizer free of pathogens.
  • the invention relates to a sanitary toilet installation for the management of human organic waste that does not use water, such an important element in these times, where these residues are transformed into organic fertilizer free of pathogens, which can be used for crops or reintegrated into the soil to contribute to its organic richness, and that also prevents the spread of gastrointestinal diseases.
  • a new system is presented, which uses a piece of furniture that separates the excreta from the urine, which allows to give a differentiated and specific treatment to each of these compounds.
  • This sanitary can be installed in any house, be it urban, semi-urban or rural, which reduces the consumption of drinking water even in cities;
  • This toilet prevents the generation of sewage in any home where it is installed;
  • the system does not require additional special facilities to operate correctly, and its installation is simpler than those currently used for conventional water toilets.
  • Another object of the invention is to return human fecal matter to the cycle of nature, since it is a compound rich in organic substances that enrich the soil and favor the growth of plants, for which this invention allows to obtain organic fertilizer from of the mixture of excreta and pathogen-free soil, which can be used as fertilizer or reintegrated into the soil, where it contributes to its richness and helps its conservation.
  • a further object of the invention is to achieve the complete management of excreta, which includes its capture, storage, transformation into organic fertilizer and elimination of pathogens, in the same place where the toilet is installed, without the need to move any of the components, but only remove the organic fertilizer from the furniture when it is ready to be applied to the soil or plants. You also have the option of deciding between disposing of the urine to the common drainage, or also taking advantage of it for soil enrichment and crop fertilization.
  • this toilet decreases the consumption of domestic drinking water, and does not require additional special facilities to operate correctly, but uses simpler facilities than those currently used by a conventional water toilet. Thanks to this, this invention facilitates the treatment of domestic wastewater, since they are no longer sewage, but only gray, which makes this process easier and cheaper.
  • Another object of the invention is to have an autonomous dry toilet in its functions, which avoids user errors to the greatest extent possible, so that it performs these functions with the least polluting effect on the environment and with a low electrical consumption, for which It has an autonomous source of electricity generation.
  • the device can be connected to the mains, so that it does not stop working even when its own generator does not provide enough electricity for it.
  • Another object of the invention is to have a dry toilet that is available for use at all times, so that its design allows its availability not to be interrupted even when the processes of excreta transformation into organic fertilizer and destruction of pathogenic organisms.
  • a sanitary installation comprising: on the front a folding sanitary cup, which acts as a urine collector and sanitary seat, and can be turned upwards; a false wall located behind the cup, where it is embedded and behind which are the sanitary ware device; a mobile stool receiver, which leaves a space to receive urine in its anterior part and lead it to the urine collector; a stool-ground shredder-mixer, placed inside the stool receiver, which consists of two rotating blade sets that mix the soil with the excreta before dropping them into the compost bin; a tank for dry and screened earth, placed behind the false wall, above the cup, which has in its lower part a doser of earth and another of non-stick natural substance; a deposit for composting the mixture of soil and excreta, located at the back and bottom, behind the false wall, this deposit includes a cartridge where the mature compost accumulates, into which the resulting fertilizer can be sterilized, to end all the pathogenic organisms present in the excreta, as well as a device to rotate the
  • the sanitary has a ventilation system that guarantees that the transformation of feces into fertilizer is carried out by aerobic processes, to avoid the generation of the gases of anaerobic decomposition. It also has two small floodgates to regulate the flow of visible light, which can remain closed, open or in an intermediate position, according to the need for light inside the composting tank.
  • Sensors of the sanitary monitor the conditions of the composting process of the feces and of the sanitary in general, and its electronic micro-controller receives the information of the sensors, analyzes it, and organizes the tasks that the sanitary must perform to optimize its operation. Thanks to the sensors and actuators provided, the toilet automatically performs previously programmed routines without the user intervening in them.
  • the toilet also includes an interface that offers all the information about its status, as well as the necessary instructions for cleaning and maintenance.
  • Figures 1A and 1 B show in conventional perspectives, from the front and behind, respectively, a self-contained dry composting toilet, made in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side vertical sectional view, in its resting position (not used), of the toilet of Figures 1A and 1 B above, with the seat cover closed.
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, but with the toilet at the time of use to defecate, with the lid open and the crusher-mixer in position to receive feces.
  • Figure 4 shows the exploded waste crusher-mixer used in the dry self-contained mechatronic composter toilet.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the maintenance system with its elements and cup turned partially upwards.
  • Figure 6 shows the parts that make up the land storage tank.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the placement of the toilet in a false wall, the cup in front and behind the enclosed actuation device.
  • Figure 8 shows in perspective from the front, the control panel for the user.
  • Figure 9 shows in detail, the user control panel shown in Figure 8; and Figure 10 shows the toilet with its cup folded, that is turned up against the false wall.
  • the complete sanitary furniture with its hidden actuating parts comprises: a cup (1) with its seat (2) with lid (3) in the front part, in the upper rear part a tank (4) for dry land, and a second tank (5) for composting the mixture of excreta and soil in the lower back; It also shows a control panel (6), the door of the dry land tank (7) and a ventilation pipe (8) that guarantees the aerobic process of the transformation of feces into fertilizer.
  • a presence sensor (9) is also shown (fig 3) placed on the lid (3), the shredder-mixer (10) of the waste, the separator (1) of urine, and the blades (12).
  • the crusher-mixer (10) of Figure 4 consists of the following elements: on both ends, a frame (13) for supporting the cylinders (14) of the crusher, on one end a frame (15) of mobile closure , the blades (16) supported by an axis (not shown), and the membranes (17) for cleaning the blades. Also included are a wedge (18) cylinder cleaner, a guide bearing (19), and a spindle (20) for closing the tray that is formed with this system.
  • the urine separator (11) is shown in detail, which completes the crusher-mixer (10)
  • Figure 7 shows, in a side view, the placement of the sanitary in the false wall (27), and in figure 10 the cup is shown in perspective, turned up against the false wall (27), by means of an articulated mechanism, with which you have access to the output cartridge, to remove the compost from the toilet.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 show the advanced control system with display (“display”) and communication of the operation of the toilet, which consists of an electronic microprocessor (not shown), with a front cover (28) with sensors ( 29) and operating buttons (30), as required.
  • the false wall placed at the back of the toilet bowl will have the dimensions and finish that the owner decides and that allow his accommodation in the bathroom, and leave a space with the wall of the room with the thickness necessary to house the Different devices and systems.
  • the dry land deposit door will be part of the false wall; also, the electronic control system is embedded in the false wall.
  • the user passes his hand in front of, or presses the selected sensor, to give the corresponding instruction according to his next action. For more sophisticated functions, the cover is lowered and the control programming panel is accessed.
  • two control modules are provided such that, in the first module, a sensor prepares the device for urine mode, from any state of the system, sensor two prepares it for stool mode, to from any state of the system, and sensor three prepares it for mixing mode, from any state of the system;
  • the second module consists of several selection controls and a screen to verify the sensors and functions of the device, diagnose their status, perform partial or total cleaning tasks, and perform the routine of sterilization of the compost and emptying of the compost output cartridge mature
  • the toilet bowl is made of an easy-to-clean material, its measurements meet the standards for a sanitary piece of furniture, and it has the ability to support the weight of a robust person; It has in its lower part small holes (not shown) through which the urine collected in the liquid separator passes, which can be led to the drain of the bathroom through a conventional connection, or be recovered in a container to be used as a natural fertilizer.
  • the excreta receiver At the rear of the false wall, in the space that forms with the bathroom wall, the excreta receiver is in the rest position, as part of the crusher-mixer; in this position, the two sets of blades of the crusher-mixer are inside the cylinders, behind the blade cleaning membrane; in the same hole behind the false wall, above, is the dry earth tank, the tank with a spray for the non-stick natural liquid, and below the compost tank and its outlet cartridge.
  • the front part of the toilet has an oval shape at its upper edge, similar to the conventional toilet bowl, is adapted to receive a commercial seat with a lid, and has sufficient strength so that a robust person sits on it. Its finish is smooth and uniform, for easy cleaning.
  • the user should lift only the lid and use the toilet to urinate.
  • an automatic mechanism sprays the internal surface of the stool receiver and the semi-cylindrical tray with non-stick natural liquid, moves it forward, and it is placed just below the user, open at the top and prepared to receive the feces.
  • the system that finished defecating is indicated and it is time to perform the routine to remove the newly received excreta, for which the receiver moves backwards, where it receives a load of land of the upper tank and closes, and in doing so, attaches the crusher-mixer, which consists of several blades that, when closing the stool receiver cylinder, cross the cleaning membrane and remain at the center of the cylinder, where they spin quickly to crush the excreta and stir them with the earth that has just been added, the toilet paper, and the natural non-stick substance.
  • the crusher-mixer which consists of several blades that, when closing the stool receiver cylinder, cross the cleaning membrane and remain at the center of the cylinder, where they spin quickly to crush the excreta and stir them with the earth that has just been added, the toilet paper, and the natural non-stick substance.
  • a position sensor placed in the cup detects this movement and starts the routine just described to remove the excreta.
  • a load sensor placed in the stool receiver verifies the weight of the excreta deposited and sends the information to the microcontroller, which determines the amount of soil that must be added to make the optimal mixture with the feces.
  • the function of the shredder-mixer consists in maximizing the contact surface between the excreta and the soil which, together with the continuous ventilation and the timely movement of the compost pile, produces the effect of increasing the rate of feces transformation in organic soil.
  • it has a cleaning wedge, which separates the mixture of excreted earth from the inner walls of the cylinder and the tray, to prevent it from permanently adhering.
  • the stool receiver and the crusher-mixer open, the blades return to their original position through the grooves of the cleaning membrane, so that any adhesion falls, the mixture formed by The crusher-mixer falls into the waste-excreta tank, where the composting process takes place, and the soil deposit drops a little more of this compound on the newly fallen feces, to mitigate odors.
  • the mobile excreta receiver and the shredder-mixer return to their position and resting place, waiting for the next user to defecate in the toilet.
  • Compost formation takes place in the excreta-composting tank, which occurs quickly due to the large contact surface between these two components, since the optimal conditions for this are maintained inside.
  • the ventilation system ends on the roof of the house, and also has a small electric fan that is operated manually, in case of lack of natural ventilation, or automatically when determined by the sanitary control system.
  • the monitoring system consists of determining the temperature, humidity, lighting, the amount of compost inside this deposit, and the partial composition of the atmosphere inside the composting tank, thanks to which this system detects when the conditions move away from the optimal situation inside the tank for composting of earth-excreta, and determines the appropriate activation and modulation of the active ventilation, the movement of the compost pile, and the increase of the illumination, with the purpose to promote aerobic digestion and avoid any anaerobic process.
  • This tank contains an exit cartridge to sterilize and remove the compost, which is filled with the oldest mixture in the tank and, therefore, with the most advanced in the transformation process.
  • the exit cartridge is automatically closed once full, and a process is initiated by which the compost is heated to the temperature and for the time necessary to eliminate the pathogens present in the excreta, so that the resulting compost can be used immediately without risk to health.
  • This sterilization routine is performed automatically in terms of the microcontroller, based on the information of the output cartridge contents sensor, which determines it, that is, when there is an adequate amount of compost inside, or alternatively, when the user so decides and activates the control indicated for it.
  • the monitoring and control system updates in real time the information on the amount of compost in the tank and in the output cartridge, and at the end of the sterilization, the toilet emits a light, sound and text signal, so that the person responsible for maintaining the toilet removes the cartridge, for which this person folds up the toilet bowl, so that access to the cartridge in the false wall is free, where he takes it out.
  • the cartridge has a combination of gates to prevent its contents, or that of the composting tank, from leaving its site; the contents are emptied in a garden, ridge or where there is dirt, without risk of contaminating and then the cartridge is put back in its place.
  • the power supply of this sanitary is carried out by means of a photovoltaic generator or any other alternative and non-polluting means of generating electricity, so that the supply of energy necessary for its operation does not represent a source of contamination.
  • This source of energy has the necessary devices to send to the network the surplus of electricity that cannot be stored in the battery, so that the generated electrical fluid is not wasted.
  • the toilet is connected to the power grid, which functions as a backup for times when the autonomous generator does not produce enough electricity to operate it.
  • the excreta receiver In addition to emptying the output cartridge with compost, there are two other cleaning alternatives; to make a partial cleaning, the excreta receiver is sprayed with a layer of non-stick natural substance and performs the mixing routine, to remove any adhesion of its internal walls; For complete cleaning, the excreta receiver remains in its active position, where it can be washed manually.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a new industrial product in the form of a novel self-contained dry compost toilet, consisting of: a front-end hinged toilet bowl to be built into a false wall, which collects urine and which can be rotated upwards; a movable feces collector consisting of a cylinder divided into two halves; a crusher/mixer consisting of two sets of blades which mix earth with the feces before it falls into the compost container; a false wall behind the toilet bowl; a dry earth container behind the false wall, including a dispenser; a dispenser for a natural non-stick substance; a rear-end composting container; and an electronic control system. The invention includes an outlet case in which the mature compost is deposited and in which the compost is sterilised in order to kill off all pathogenic organisms present in the feces.

Description

SANITARIO SECO COMPOSTERO ECATRÓNICO AUTOCONTENIDO  SELF-CONTAINED ECATRONIC COMPOSTER DRY SANITARY
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se relaciona en general con un nuevo equipo sanitario seco y más particularmente se refiere a un mueble sanitario que separa las excretas de la orina, y más especialmente a un novedoso sistema alternativo para el manejo de residuos orgánicos humanos en el medio urbano, el cual maneja las excretas en seco y separadas de la orina, y se instala en el interior de las viviendas. Puede ser también instalado en viviendas rurales y suburbanas. Este sistema evita el uso de agua limpia para la gestión de las heces humanas, así como la creación de focos de contaminación ambiental asociados con su mal manejo, los cuales son vehículos para la propagación de enfermedades gastrointestinales, y permite que las excretas humanas se reintegren a los ciclos de la naturaleza o sean aprovechadas como abono orgánico libre de patógenos.  The present invention relates in general to a new dry sanitary equipment and more particularly refers to a sanitary furniture that separates the excreta from the urine, and more especially to a novel alternative system for the management of human organic waste in the urban environment, which handles the excreta dry and separated from the urine, and is installed inside the homes. It can also be installed in rural and suburban homes. This system avoids the use of clean water for the management of human feces, as well as the creation of sources of environmental pollution associated with its mismanagement, which are vehicles for the spread of gastrointestinal diseases, and allows human excreta to be reintegrated to the cycles of nature or be used as organic fertilizer free of pathogens.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Desde hace miles de años, el manejo adecuado de los desechos orgánicos de las personas ha sido uno de los temas esenciales para alcanzar el bienestar en las comunidades humanas, sobre todo a partir de la aparición de poblados y de concentraciones humanas de gran tamaño, en donde estos desechos se producen en grandes cantidades, en un espacio de terreno relativamente reducido.  For thousands of years, the proper management of people's organic wastes has been one of the essential issues to achieve well-being in human communities, especially since the emergence of settlements and large human concentrations, in where these wastes are produced in large quantities, in a relatively small area of land.
Ante esta situación, una de las soluciones más utilizadas por las civilizaciones occidentales ha sido el empleo de agua para alejar estos desechos de la vivienda y transportarlos a sitios donde no molesten a las personas. Fue a partir del siglo XIX cuando esta forma de manejar las excretas se difundió ampliamente, gracias al diseño del inodoro de agua, el cual hace muy sencilla la descarga de las excretas al drenaje urbano para su acarreo. Given this situation, one of the solutions most used by Western civilizations has been the use of water to remove these wastes from the home and transport them to places where they do not disturb people. It was from the nineteenth century when this way of handling excreta was widely disseminated, thanks to the design of the water toilet, which makes the discharge of excreta into the urban drainage very easy for hauling.
Para apreciar la importancia que este sistema reviste en una ciudad occidental moderna, basta reconocer que el drenaje es considerado uno de los principales servicios urbanos actuales, probablemente tanto como la distribución domiciliaria de agua. En una primera impresión esta parece ser una forma higiénica de deshacerse de estos residuos, pues desaparecen de inmediato de la vista y gracias al sello de agua del inodoro convencional, la vivienda se mantiene libre de olores desagradables. Además, los desechos se desplazan a kilómetros de donde son producidos, lo cual aleja aún más cualquier molestia que pudieran causar al habitante del medio urbano. To appreciate the importance that this system has in a modern western city, it is enough to recognize that drainage is considered one of the main Current urban services, probably as much as the household water distribution. In a first impression this seems to be a hygienic way to get rid of this waste, as they disappear immediately from view and thanks to the water seal of the conventional toilet, the house is kept free of unpleasant odors. In addition, the waste travels kilometers from where they are produced, which further away any discomfort that could cause the inhabitant of the urban environment.
Sin embargo, con frecuencia, las consecuencias negativas de los modelos de urbanización no se presentan de inmediato, sino de manera paulatina y creciente y en ocasiones alcanzan dimensiones que van más allá de lo previsible, e implican daños ambientales y humanos incalculables y difíciles de reparar; en el caso del drenaje, estas consecuencias se presentaron primero en los ríos a donde eran conducidas (y en muchas ocasiones aún lo son) las aguas residuales negras producidas en las ciudades, así como en las poblaciones cercanas a los sitios de descarga, en donde los olores son insoportables para sus habitantes. Estos malos olores, por cierto, aún están presentes en muchas colonias urbanas en donde el drenaje no funciona adecuadamente y deja escapar los gases que se generan en las aguas negras que acarrean. However, frequently, the negative consequences of urbanization models do not occur immediately, but in a gradual and increasing manner and sometimes reach dimensions that go beyond the predictable, and imply incalculable environmental and human damages that are difficult to repair. ; in the case of drainage, these consequences first appeared in the rivers to which the black wastewater produced in the cities, as well as in the towns near the discharge sites, where Smells are unbearable for its inhabitants. These bad smells, by the way, are still present in many urban colonies where the drainage does not work properly and lets out the gases that are generated in the sewage they carry.
Ante esta situación la alternativa fue la instalación de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, para quitar al agua las sustancias contaminantes y devolverle las condiciones de su estado silvestre. Estas plantas, sin embargo, tienen costos enormes, tanto de construcción como operación y mantenimiento, y están expuestas a una gran corrosión, causada por los residuos que acarrea el agua del drenaje urbano, por lo que con frecuencia no funcionan correctamente. Por otro lado, el acelerado incremento de la población hace que su capacidad sea rápidamente rebasada y como consecuencia en muchos casos la calidad de las aguas tratadas no reúnen los requisitos para el consumo humano, ni siquiera para el riego de cultivos. En el sistema convencional de tratamiento de aguas negras, se deja de lado una de las principales características de los residuos orgánicos humanos, los cuales son ricos en compuestos orgánicos que pueden reportar gran utilidad para muchos cultivos, igual que los de todos los animales. Con un tratamiento adecuado que acabe con los gérmenes patógenos presentes en ellos, se transforman en un magnífico abono que puede ayudar a la producción de muchas plantas y árboles, beneficiosos tanto para el ambiente como para el hombre. Given this situation, the alternative was the installation of wastewater treatment plants, to remove contaminant substances from the water and restore the conditions of their wild state. These plants, however, have enormous costs, both in construction, operation and maintenance, and are exposed to great corrosion, caused by the waste that water carries from urban drainage, so they often do not work properly. On the other hand, the rapid increase of the population means that its capacity is quickly exceeded and as a consequence in many cases the quality of the treated waters does not meet the requirements for human consumption, even for the irrigation of crops. In the conventional sewage treatment system, one of the main characteristics of human organic waste is neglected, which are rich in organic compounds that can be very useful for many crops, just like those of all animals. With an appropriate treatment that ends the pathogenic germs present in them, they become a magnificent fertilizer that can help the production of many plants and trees, beneficial for both the environment and man.
Como antecedentes más notables se menciona que en Suecia, en la década de 1930, se creó el primer sistema moderno que no utiliza agua para el tratamiento de estos residuos, al que le siguieron otros similares en otras partes del mundo, como E. U. A. o India. Sin embargo, la innovación más importante la introdujo un médico vietnamita en la década de 1950, cuando diseño un sistema seco para el manejo de residuos orgánicos destinado al medio rural de su país. Este dispositivo fue conocido en todo el mundo bajo el nombre de letrina vietnamita. As a more remarkable background, it is mentioned that in Sweden, in the 1930s, the first modern system was created that does not use water for the treatment of this waste, which was followed by similar ones in other parts of the world, such as E.U.A or India. However, the most important innovation was introduced by a Vietnamese doctor in the 1950s, when he designed a dry system for the management of organic waste destined for the rural environment of his country. This device was known worldwide under the name of Vietnamese latrine.
Finalmente, se menciona una taza separadora de orina con forma similar al inodoro de agua, diseñada en México a principios de 1990, para ser usada en el sanitario ecológico seco, nombre con el que se conoce a un baño que utiliza los mismos principios que la letrina vietnamita y esta taza, para hacer evidente que se trata de un sistema más limpio y cómodo que la letrina rural. Finally, a urine separator cup with a similar shape to the water toilet is mentioned, designed in Mexico in the early 1990s, to be used in the dry ecological toilet, name with which a bath is used that uses the same principles as the Vietnamese latrine and this cup, to make it clear that it is a cleaner and more comfortable system than the rural latrine.
Actualmente existe una gran variedad de sanitarios que no usan agua, los cuales son utilizados en muchos países del mundo y sus diseños responden a las condiciones locales o a la idiosincrasia prevaleciente en cada lugar, sin embargo, NINGUNO de estos sistema conocidos ha sido planteado con el propósito de sustituir el sistema convencional WC-drenaje en un ambiente completamente urbanizado, con el fin de llevar al mínimo, o incluso suprimir del todo el uso de agua para el acarreo de excretas en las ciudades. USOS, OBJETOS Y VENTAJAS DE LA INVENCIÓN Currently there is a wide variety of toilets that do not use water, which are used in many countries of the world and their designs respond to local conditions or to the prevailing idiosyncrasy in each place, however, NONE of these known systems has been raised with the purpose of replacing the conventional WC-drainage system in a completely urbanized environment, in order to minimize, or even completely suppress the use of water for the transport of excreta in cities. USES, OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
Básicamente la invención se refiere a una instalación sanitaria de inodoro para la gestión de residuos orgánicos humanos que no utiliza agua, un elemento tan importante en estos tiempos, en donde estos residuos se transforman en abono orgánico libre de patógenos, el cual puede ser aprovechado para cultivos o reintegrado al suelo para contribuir a su riqueza orgánica, y que además evita la propagación de enfermedades gastrointestinales. Dentro de la invención se presenta un nuevo sistema, el cual utiliza un mueble que separa las excretas de la orina, lo que permite darle un tratamiento diferenciado y específico a cada uno de estos compuestos. Este sanitario puede ser instalado en cualquier casa, ya sea urbana, semiurbana o rural, por lo cual disminuye el consumo de agua potable incluso en las ciudades; este sanitario evita la generación de aguas negras en cualquier vivienda donde se instale; el sistema no requiere instalaciones adicionales especiales para operar correctamente, y su instalación es más simple que las utilizadas actualmente para el sanitario convencional de agua.  Basically, the invention relates to a sanitary toilet installation for the management of human organic waste that does not use water, such an important element in these times, where these residues are transformed into organic fertilizer free of pathogens, which can be used for crops or reintegrated into the soil to contribute to its organic richness, and that also prevents the spread of gastrointestinal diseases. Within the invention a new system is presented, which uses a piece of furniture that separates the excreta from the urine, which allows to give a differentiated and specific treatment to each of these compounds. This sanitary can be installed in any house, be it urban, semi-urban or rural, which reduces the consumption of drinking water even in cities; This toilet prevents the generation of sewage in any home where it is installed; The system does not require additional special facilities to operate correctly, and its installation is simpler than those currently used for conventional water toilets.
Otro objeto de la invención es regresar la materia fecal humana al ciclo de la naturaleza, pues se trata de un compuesto rico en substancias orgánicas que enriquecen el suelo y favorecen el crecimiento de las plantas, para lo cual esta invención permite obtener abono orgánico a partir de la mezcla de excretas y tierra libre de patógenos, la cual puede ser usada como abono o reintegrada al suelo, en donde contribuye a su riqueza y ayuda a su conservación. Another object of the invention is to return human fecal matter to the cycle of nature, since it is a compound rich in organic substances that enrich the soil and favor the growth of plants, for which this invention allows to obtain organic fertilizer from of the mixture of excreta and pathogen-free soil, which can be used as fertilizer or reintegrated into the soil, where it contributes to its richness and helps its conservation.
Un objeto más de la invención es lograr la gestión completa de las excretas, la cual incluye su captación, almacenamiento, transformación en abono orgánico y eliminación de patógenos, en el mismo sitio donde está instalado el sanitario, sin que haya necesidad de mover alguno de los componentes, sino únicamente retirar del mueble el abono orgánico cuando está listo para ser aplicado a la tierra o a las plantas. Además se tiene la opción de decidir entre desechar la orina al drenaje común, o aprovecharla también para el enriquecimiento del suelo y la fertilización de cultivos. Todo lo anterior, sin modificar los hábitos del usuario y sin que entre en contacto visual u olfativo con las heces de usuarios anteriores, sino facilitando las acciones que realiza normalmente al ir al baño a defecar y orinar, pues se trata de un dispositivo automático, moderno de diseño atractivo, el cual puede ser instalado en un cuarto de baño en donde se encuentre actualmente un inodoro de agua convencional. A further object of the invention is to achieve the complete management of excreta, which includes its capture, storage, transformation into organic fertilizer and elimination of pathogens, in the same place where the toilet is installed, without the need to move any of the components, but only remove the organic fertilizer from the furniture when it is ready to be applied to the soil or plants. You also have the option of deciding between disposing of the urine to the common drainage, or also taking advantage of it for soil enrichment and crop fertilization. All of the above, without modifying the user's habits and without entering into visual or olfactory contact with the feces of previous users, but by facilitating the actions that he normally performs when going to the bathroom to defecate and urinate, since it is an automatic device, Attractive modern design, which can be installed in a bathroom where a conventional water toilet is currently located.
Por lo tanto, este sanitario disminuye el consumo de agua potable doméstica, y no requiere instalaciones adicionales especiales para operar correctamente, sino que usa instalaciones más simples que las utilizadas actualmente por un inodoro convencional de agua. Gracias a esto, esta invención facilita el tratamiento de las aguas residuales domésticas, pues ya no son aguas negras, sino únicamente grises, lo cual hace más sencillo y barato este proceso. Therefore, this toilet decreases the consumption of domestic drinking water, and does not require additional special facilities to operate correctly, but uses simpler facilities than those currently used by a conventional water toilet. Thanks to this, this invention facilitates the treatment of domestic wastewater, since they are no longer sewage, but only gray, which makes this process easier and cheaper.
Otro objeto de la invención es contar con un sanitario seco autónomo en sus funciones, que evite en la mayor medida posible errores del usuario, para que realice estas funciones con el mínimo efecto contaminante sobre el ambiente y con un bajo consumo eléctrico, para lo cual cuenta con una fuente autónoma de generación de electricidad. Sin embargo, el dispositivo puede conectarse a la red eléctrica, para que no deje de funcionar aún cuando su propio generador no aporte la electricidad suficiente para ello. Another object of the invention is to have an autonomous dry toilet in its functions, which avoids user errors to the greatest extent possible, so that it performs these functions with the least polluting effect on the environment and with a low electrical consumption, for which It has an autonomous source of electricity generation. However, the device can be connected to the mains, so that it does not stop working even when its own generator does not provide enough electricity for it.
Otro objeto más de la invención es contar con un sanitario seco que esté disponible para ser usado en todo momento, por lo cual su diseño permite que no se interrumpa su disponibilidad aún cuando estén en marcha los procesos de transformación de excretas en abono orgánico y de destrucción de los organismos patógenos. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN: Another object of the invention is to have a dry toilet that is available for use at all times, so that its design allows its availability not to be interrupted even when the processes of excreta transformation into organic fertilizer and destruction of pathogenic organisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
En su realización preferida se trata de una instalación sanitaria que comprende: por el frente una taza sanitaria abatible, la cual actúa como captador de orina y asiento del sanitario, y puede ser girada hacia arriba; un muro falso localizado a espaldas de la taza, donde esta va empotrada y detrás del cual están los dispositivo del sanitario; un receptor móvil de heces, el cual deja en su parte anterior un espacio para recibir la orina y conducirla al captador de orina; una trituradora-mezcladora de heces-tierra, colocada adentro del receptor de heces, la cual consiste de dos juegos de cuchilla giratorias que mezclan la tierra con las excretas antes de dejarlas caer al depósito de composta; un depósito para tierra seca y cribada, colocado atrás del muro falso, arriba de la taza, el cual cuenta en su parte inferior con un dosificador de tierra y otro de sustancia natural antiadherente; un depósito para compostaje de la mezcla de tierra y excretas, localizado en la parte posterior e inferior, atrás del muro falso, este depósito incluye un cartucho en donde se acumula la composta madura, dentro del cual puede esterilizarse el abono resultante, para acabar con todos los organismos patógenos presentes en las excretas, así como un dispositivo para girar el cartucho y de esta manera mover la pila de composta para incrementar la circulación de aire en su interior.  In its preferred embodiment it is a sanitary installation comprising: on the front a folding sanitary cup, which acts as a urine collector and sanitary seat, and can be turned upwards; a false wall located behind the cup, where it is embedded and behind which are the sanitary ware device; a mobile stool receiver, which leaves a space to receive urine in its anterior part and lead it to the urine collector; a stool-ground shredder-mixer, placed inside the stool receiver, which consists of two rotating blade sets that mix the soil with the excreta before dropping them into the compost bin; a tank for dry and screened earth, placed behind the false wall, above the cup, which has in its lower part a doser of earth and another of non-stick natural substance; a deposit for composting the mixture of soil and excreta, located at the back and bottom, behind the false wall, this deposit includes a cartridge where the mature compost accumulates, into which the resulting fertilizer can be sterilized, to end all the pathogenic organisms present in the excreta, as well as a device to rotate the cartridge and thus move the compost pile to increase the circulation of air inside.
El sanitario cuenta con un sistema de ventilación que garantiza que la transformación de las heces en abono se realice por procesos aeróbicos, para evitar la generación de los gases propios de la descomposición anaeróbica. Cuenta además con dos pequeñas compuertas para regular el flujo de luz visible, las cuales pueden permanecer cerradas, abiertas o en una posición intermedia, de acuerdo con la necesidad de luz en el interior del depósito para compostaje. The sanitary has a ventilation system that guarantees that the transformation of feces into fertilizer is carried out by aerobic processes, to avoid the generation of the gases of anaerobic decomposition. It also has two small floodgates to regulate the flow of visible light, which can remain closed, open or in an intermediate position, according to the need for light inside the composting tank.
Sensores del sanitario monitorean las condiciones del proceso de compostaje de las heces y del sanitario en general, y su micro-controlador electrónico recibe la información de los sensores, la analiza, y organiza las tareas que el sanitario debe realizar para optimizar su funcionamiento. Gracias a los sensores y actuadores que se proporcionan, el sanitario realiza de manera automática las rutinas previamente programadas sin que el usuario intervenga en las mismas. Asimismo el sanitario incluye una interfaz que ofrece toda la información sobre su estado, así como las instrucciones necesarias para las tareas de limpieza y mantenimiento. Sensors of the sanitary monitor the conditions of the composting process of the feces and of the sanitary in general, and its electronic micro-controller receives the information of the sensors, analyzes it, and organizes the tasks that the sanitary must perform to optimize its operation. Thanks to the sensors and actuators provided, the toilet automatically performs previously programmed routines without the user intervening in them. The toilet also includes an interface that offers all the information about its status, as well as the necessary instructions for cleaning and maintenance.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION Y MEJOR MANERA DE LLEVARLA A CABO. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND BETTER WAY TO CARRY IT OUT.
En seguida se pasara hacer una descripción detallada de la invención dada solamente a titulo de ejemplo no limitativo, ya que a la vista de los dibujos y descripción que se acompañan se pueden ocurrir diferentes modalidades sin por ello contemplar otra invención, ya que esta se debe contemplar en su sentido más amplio y no limitativo, como por ejemplo se pueden utilizar diferentes materiales utilitariamente análogos, diferentes dimensiones y eventualmente colores.  Next, a detailed description of the invention will be given, given only by way of non-limiting example, since in view of the accompanying drawings and description different modalities can occur without thereby contemplating another invention, since this must be contemplate in its broadest and non-limiting sense, as for example different utilitarian analog materials, different dimensions and eventually colors can be used.
La descripción se hará en relación con las figuras que se acompañan, en las cuales se utilizan iguales números de referencia para señalar las partes que correspondan. En los dibujos. The description will be made in relation to the accompanying figures, in which the same reference numbers are used to indicate the corresponding parts. In the drawings.
Las figuras 1A y 1 B, muestra en perspectivas convencionales, por el frente y por detrás, respectivamente, un sanitario seco compostero auto-contenido, realizado de conformidad con la presente invención. Figures 1A and 1 B, show in conventional perspectives, from the front and behind, respectively, a self-contained dry composting toilet, made in accordance with the present invention.
La figura 2, es una vista en corte vertical lateral, en su posición de reposo (no uso), del sanitario de las figuras 1A y 1 B anteriores, con la tapa del asiento cerrada. La figura 3, es una vista similar a la figura 2, pero con el sanitario en el momento de uso para defecar, con la tapa abierta y la trituradora-mezcladora en posición de recibir las heces. La figura 4, muestra despiezada la trituradora-mezcladora de los desechos utilizada en el sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido. La figura 5, ilustra el sistema de mantenimiento con sus elementos y taza girada parcialmente hacia arriba. Figure 2 is a side vertical sectional view, in its resting position (not used), of the toilet of Figures 1A and 1 B above, with the seat cover closed. Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, but with the toilet at the time of use to defecate, with the lid open and the crusher-mixer in position to receive feces. Figure 4 shows the exploded waste crusher-mixer used in the dry self-contained mechatronic composter toilet. Figure 5 illustrates the maintenance system with its elements and cup turned partially upwards.
La figura 6, muestra las partes que forman el depósito de almacenamiento de tierra. Figure 6 shows the parts that make up the land storage tank.
La figura 7, ilustra la colocación del sanitario en un muro falso, por el frente la taza y por atrás los dispositivo de accionamiento encerrados. Figure 7 illustrates the placement of the toilet in a false wall, the cup in front and behind the enclosed actuation device.
La figura 8, muestra en perspectiva por el frente, el panel de control para el usuario. Figure 8, shows in perspective from the front, the control panel for the user.
La figura 9, muestra en detalle, el panel de control para el usuario mostrado en la figura 8; y La figura 10, muestra el sanitario con su taza abatida, es decir girada hacia arriba contra el muro falso. Figure 9, shows in detail, the user control panel shown in Figure 8; and Figure 10 shows the toilet with its cup folded, that is turned up against the false wall.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras, y en especial a las figuras 1A y 1 B, se muestra el mueble sanitario completo con sus partes de accionamiento ocultas, y comprende: una taza (1) con su asiento (2) con tapa (3) en la parte del frente, en la parte posterior superior un depósito (4) para tierra seca, y un segundo depósito (5) para el compostaje de la mezcla de excretas y tierra en la parte posterior inferior; se muestra también un panel (6) de control, la puerta del depósito de tierra seca (7) y un tubo (8) de ventilación que garantiza el proceso aeróbico de la transformación de las heces en abono. Ahora, con referencia a las figuras 2 y 3, se muestra además un sensor (9) de presencia (fig 3) colocado sobre la tapa (3), la trituradora-mezcladora (10) de los desechos, el separador (1 ) de orina, y las cuchillas (12). La trituradora-mezcladora (10) de la figura 4, consta de los siguientes elementos: por ambos extremos, un marco (13) de soporte de los cilindros (14) de la trituradora, por un extremo un marco (15) de cierre móvil, las cuchillas (16) soportadas por un eje (no ilustrado), y las membranas (17) para limpiar las cuchillas. Se incluyen además una cuña (18) limpiadora del cilindro, un cojinete (19) guía, y un husillo (20) para el cierre de la bandeja que se forma con este sistema. Además se muestra en detalle el separador (11) de orina, con lo cual se completa la trituradora-mezcladora (10) Referring to the figures, and especially to figures 1A and 1 B, the complete sanitary furniture with its hidden actuating parts is shown, and comprises: a cup (1) with its seat (2) with lid (3) in the front part, in the upper rear part a tank (4) for dry land, and a second tank (5) for composting the mixture of excreta and soil in the lower back; It also shows a control panel (6), the door of the dry land tank (7) and a ventilation pipe (8) that guarantees the aerobic process of the transformation of feces into fertilizer. Now, with reference to figures 2 and 3, a presence sensor (9) is also shown (fig 3) placed on the lid (3), the shredder-mixer (10) of the waste, the separator (1) of urine, and the blades (12). The crusher-mixer (10) of Figure 4, consists of the following elements: on both ends, a frame (13) for supporting the cylinders (14) of the crusher, on one end a frame (15) of mobile closure , the blades (16) supported by an axis (not shown), and the membranes (17) for cleaning the blades. Also included are a wedge (18) cylinder cleaner, a guide bearing (19), and a spindle (20) for closing the tray that is formed with this system. In addition, the urine separator (11) is shown in detail, which completes the crusher-mixer (10)
Debajo del depósito (5) para compostaje se encuentra el cartucho (21) de salida (fig 5), que lleva hacia el frente con sus asas de maniobra (22) y el mueble lleva un soporte (23) en su parte intermedia; estos elementos sirven para dar el mantenimiento al sanitario. Under the container (5) for composting is the output cartridge (21) (fig 5), which leads to the front with its maneuvering handles (22) and the furniture has a support (23) in its intermediate part; These elements serve to maintain the toilet.
En la figura 6, se muestra el depósito (4) de tierra seca con su puerta (7), un despachador (24) de tierra, el depósito (5) para compostaje con su dosificador (25) de sustancia natural antiadherente, y los sujetadores (26) de la puerta (7) del depósito de tierra seca. In figure 6, the tank (4) of dry land with its door (7), a land dispenser (24), the tank (5) for composting with its dispenser (25) of non-stick natural substance, and the fasteners (26) of the door (7) of the dry earth tank.
La figura 7, muestra en una vista lateral, la colocación del sanitario en el muro (27) falso, y en la figura 10 se muestra la taza en perspectiva, girada hacia arriba contra el muro (27) falso, mediante un mecanismo articulado, con lo cual se tiene acceso al cartucho de salida, para retirar la composta del sanitario. Figure 7 shows, in a side view, the placement of the sanitary in the false wall (27), and in figure 10 the cup is shown in perspective, turned up against the false wall (27), by means of an articulated mechanism, with which you have access to the output cartridge, to remove the compost from the toilet.
Finalmente, las figuras 8 y 9 muestran el sistema de control avanzado con pantalla ("display") y comunicación del funcionamiento del sanitario, que consiste de un micro-procesador electrónico (no ilustrado), con una carátula (28) frontal con sensores (29) y botones (30) de accionamiento, según se requiera. El muro falso colocado a espaldas de la taza del inodoro, tendrá las dimensiones y el acabado que el dueño decida y que permitan su acomodo en el cuarto de baño, y dejar un espacio con la pared de la habitación con el grosor necesario para albergar los distintos dispositivos y sistemas. La puerta de depósito de la tierra seca será parte del muro falso; también, en el muro falso se encuentra empotrado el sistema de control electrónico. El usuario pasa la mano por enfrente de, u oprime el sensor seleccionado, para dar la instrucción correspondiente de acuerdo con su próxima acción. Para funciones más sofisticadas, se abate la carátula y se tiene acceso al panel de programación de control. Finally, Figures 8 and 9 show the advanced control system with display ("display") and communication of the operation of the toilet, which consists of an electronic microprocessor (not shown), with a front cover (28) with sensors ( 29) and operating buttons (30), as required. The false wall placed at the back of the toilet bowl, will have the dimensions and finish that the owner decides and that allow his accommodation in the bathroom, and leave a space with the wall of the room with the thickness necessary to house the Different devices and systems. The dry land deposit door will be part of the false wall; also, the electronic control system is embedded in the false wall. The user passes his hand in front of, or presses the selected sensor, to give the corresponding instruction according to his next action. For more sophisticated functions, the cover is lowered and the control programming panel is accessed.
En la realización preferida, se proporcionan dos módulos de control de tal manera que, en el primer módulo, un sensor prepara el dispositivo para el modo orina, a partir de cualquier estado del sistema, el sensor dos lo prepara para el modo heces, a partir de cualquier estado del sistema, y el sensor tres lo prepara para el modo mezcla, a partir de cualquier estado del sistema; el segundo módulo consiste en varios mandos de selección y una pantalla para verificar los sensores y funciones del dispositivo, diagnosticar su estado, realizar labores de limpieza parcial o total, y realizar la rutina de esterilización de la composta y vaciado del cartucho de salida de composta madura. In the preferred embodiment, two control modules are provided such that, in the first module, a sensor prepares the device for urine mode, from any state of the system, sensor two prepares it for stool mode, to from any state of the system, and sensor three prepares it for mixing mode, from any state of the system; The second module consists of several selection controls and a screen to verify the sensors and functions of the device, diagnose their status, perform partial or total cleaning tasks, and perform the routine of sterilization of the compost and emptying of the compost output cartridge mature
La taza del inodoro es de un material de fácil limpieza, sus medidas cumplen con las normas para un mueble sanitario, y tiene la capacidad de soportar el peso de una persona robusta; tiene en su parte inferior pequeños orificios (no mostrados) a través de los cuales pasa la orina recolectada en el separador de líquidos, la cual puede ser conducida al drenaje del cuarto de baño mediante una conexión convencional, o ser recuperada en un recipiente para ser aprovechada como fertilizante natural. En la parte trasera del muro falso, en el espacio que forma con el muro del cuarto de baño, se encuentra el receptor de excretas en posición de reposo, como parte de la trituradora-mezcladora; en esta posición, los dos juegos de cuchillas de la trituradora-mezcladora están adentro de los cilindros, detrás de la membrana limpiadora de las cuchillas; en el mismo hueco detrás del muro falso, más arriba, está el depósito de tierra seca, el tanque con rociador para el líquido natural antiadherente, y más abajo el depósito de composta y su cartucho de salida. The toilet bowl is made of an easy-to-clean material, its measurements meet the standards for a sanitary piece of furniture, and it has the ability to support the weight of a robust person; It has in its lower part small holes (not shown) through which the urine collected in the liquid separator passes, which can be led to the drain of the bathroom through a conventional connection, or be recovered in a container to be used as a natural fertilizer. At the rear of the false wall, in the space that forms with the bathroom wall, the excreta receiver is in the rest position, as part of the crusher-mixer; in this position, the two sets of blades of the crusher-mixer are inside the cylinders, behind the blade cleaning membrane; in the same hole behind the false wall, above, is the dry earth tank, the tank with a spray for the non-stick natural liquid, and below the compost tank and its outlet cartridge.
Funcionamiento Functioning
La parte anterior del sanitario tiene forma ovalada en su borde superior, similar a la taza de los inodoros convencionales, está adaptada para recibir un asiento comercial con tapa, y tiene la resistencia suficiente para que se siente sobre el mismo una persona robusta. Su acabado es liso y uniforme, para facilitar su limpieza.  The front part of the toilet has an oval shape at its upper edge, similar to the conventional toilet bowl, is adapted to receive a commercial seat with a lid, and has sufficient strength so that a robust person sits on it. Its finish is smooth and uniform, for easy cleaning.
Cuando un usuario va a orinar, pasa la mano cerca de u oprime el sensor uno, el cual indica esta función al sanitario, de manera que el receptor de heces ocupa su posición de reposo y la totalidad de la taza-inodoro actúa como receptor de orina, la cual resbala hasta los orificios inferiores y abandona la taza. When a user is going to urinate, he passes his hand near or presses sensor one, which indicates this function to the toilet, so that the stool receiver occupies its resting position and the entire toilet bowl acts as a receiver of urine, which slides to the lower holes and leaves the cup.
De manera alternativa, si el receptor de heces está en su posición de reposo antes de que llegue el usuario, éste debe levantar sólo la tapa y usar el sanitario para orinar. Alternatively, if the stool receiver is in its resting position before the user arrives, the user should lift only the lid and use the toilet to urinate.
Cuando un usuario pasa la mano frente o toca el sensor dos para avisar que va a usar el sanitario para defecar, un mecanismo automático rocía la superficie interna del receptor de heces y de la bandeja semicilíndrica con líquido natural antiadherente, lo mueve hacia delante, y lo coloca justo debajo del usuario, abierto por arriba y preparado para recibir las heces. When a user passes his hand in front or touches sensor two to warn that he will use the toilet to defecate, an automatic mechanism sprays the internal surface of the stool receiver and the semi-cylindrical tray with non-stick natural liquid, moves it forward, and it is placed just below the user, open at the top and prepared to receive the feces.
Cuando el usuario termina de defecar y acciona el sensor tres, se indica al sistema que terminó de defecar y es tiempo de realizar la rutina para retirar las excretas recién recibidas, para lo cual el receptor se mueve hacia atrás, en donde recibe una carga de tierra del depósito superior y se cierra, y al hacerlo, acopla la trituradora-mezcladora, la cual consta de varias cuchillas que, al cerrarse el cilindro del receptor de heces, atraviesan la membrana limpiadora y quedan al centro del cilindro, donde giran velozmente para triturar las excretas y revolverlas con la tierra que acaba de agregarse, el papel higiénico, y la substancia natural antiadherente. De manera alternativa, si antes de activar el sensor tres el usuario se levanta de la taza, un sensor de posición colocado en la taza detecta este movimiento e inicia la rutina que acaba de describirse para retirar las excretas. When the user finishes defecating and activates sensor three, the system that finished defecating is indicated and it is time to perform the routine to remove the newly received excreta, for which the receiver moves backwards, where it receives a load of land of the upper tank and closes, and in doing so, attaches the crusher-mixer, which consists of several blades that, when closing the stool receiver cylinder, cross the cleaning membrane and remain at the center of the cylinder, where they spin quickly to crush the excreta and stir them with the earth that has just been added, the toilet paper, and the natural non-stick substance. Alternatively, if before activating sensor three the user gets up from the cup, a position sensor placed in the cup detects this movement and starts the routine just described to remove the excreta.
Un sensor de carga colocado en el receptor de heces verifica el peso de las excretas depositadas y envía la información al micro-controlador, el cual determina la cantidad de tierra que deberá agregarse para hacer la mezcla óptima con las heces. A load sensor placed in the stool receiver verifies the weight of the excreta deposited and sends the information to the microcontroller, which determines the amount of soil that must be added to make the optimal mixture with the feces.
La función de la trituradora-mezcladora consiste en maximizar la superficie de contacto entre las excretas y la tierra lo cual, junto con la ventilación continua y el movimiento oportuno de la pila de composta, produce el efecto de incrementar la velocidad de transformación de las heces en tierra orgánica. Además de las cuchillas cuenta con una cuña limpiadora, la cual separa la mezcla de tierra- excretas de las paredes internas del cilindro y la bandeja, para evitar que se adhiera de manera definitiva. The function of the shredder-mixer consists in maximizing the contact surface between the excreta and the soil which, together with the continuous ventilation and the timely movement of the compost pile, produces the effect of increasing the rate of feces transformation in organic soil. In addition to the blades, it has a cleaning wedge, which separates the mixture of excreted earth from the inner walls of the cylinder and the tray, to prevent it from permanently adhering.
Una vez revueltas las excretas con la tierra, el receptor de heces y la trituradora- mezcladora se abren, las cuchillas regresan a su posición original a través de las ranuras de la membrana limpiadora, para que se les caiga cualquier adherencia, la mezcla formada por la trituradora-mezcladora cae en el depósito de tierra- excretas, en donde tiene lugar el proceso de compostaje, y el depósito de tierra deja caer un poco más de este compuesto sobre las heces recién caídas, para mitigar los olores. Once the excreta is scrambled with the earth, the stool receiver and the crusher-mixer open, the blades return to their original position through the grooves of the cleaning membrane, so that any adhesion falls, the mixture formed by The crusher-mixer falls into the waste-excreta tank, where the composting process takes place, and the soil deposit drops a little more of this compound on the newly fallen feces, to mitigate odors.
El receptor de excretas móvil y la trituradora-mezcladora vuelven a su posición y lugar de reposo, en espera del siguiente usuario que vaya a defecar en el sanitario. La formación de composta tiene lugar en el depósito de compostaje de tierra- excretas, la cual ocurre rápidamente debido a la gran superficie de contacto entre estos dos componentes, ya que en su interior se mantienen las condiciones óptimas para ello. El sistema de ventilación termina sobre el techo de la vivienda, y cuenta además con un pequeño ventilador eléctrico que se acciona manualmente, en caso de que escasee la ventilación natural, o automáticamente cuando así lo determine el sistema de control del sanitario. The mobile excreta receiver and the shredder-mixer return to their position and resting place, waiting for the next user to defecate in the toilet. Compost formation takes place in the excreta-composting tank, which occurs quickly due to the large contact surface between these two components, since the optimal conditions for this are maintained inside. The ventilation system ends on the roof of the house, and also has a small electric fan that is operated manually, in case of lack of natural ventilation, or automatically when determined by the sanitary control system.
El sistema de monitoreo consiste en la determinación de la temperatura, la humedad, la iluminación, la cantidad de composta adentro de este depósito, y la composición parcial de la atmósfera en el interior del depósito para compostaje, gracias a lo cual este sistema detecta cuando las condiciones se alejan de la situación óptima en el interior del depósito para compostaje de tierra-excretas, y determina la activación y modulación oportunas de la ventilación activa, el movimiento de la pila de composta, y el incremento de la iluminación, con el propósito de propiciar la digestión aeróbica y evitar cualquier proceso anaeróbico. The monitoring system consists of determining the temperature, humidity, lighting, the amount of compost inside this deposit, and the partial composition of the atmosphere inside the composting tank, thanks to which this system detects when the conditions move away from the optimal situation inside the tank for composting of earth-excreta, and determines the appropriate activation and modulation of the active ventilation, the movement of the compost pile, and the increase of the illumination, with the purpose to promote aerobic digestion and avoid any anaerobic process.
Este depósito contiene un cartucho de salida para esterilizar y retirar la composta, el cual se llena con la mezcla más antigua del depósito y, por lo tanto, con la más avanzada en el proceso de transformación. El cartucho de salida se cierra de manera automática una vez lleno, y se inicia un proceso mediante el cual la composta se calienta a la temperatura y durante el tiempo necesario para eliminar los patógenos presentes en las excretas, de forma que la composta resultante pueda ser utilizada de inmediato sin riesgo para la salud. Esta rutina de esterilización se realiza de manera automática en cuanto al micro-controlador, con base en la información del sensor del contenido del cartucho de salida, que así lo determina, es decir, cuando en su interior hay la cantidad de composta adecuada, o alternativamente, cuando el usuario así lo decide y acciona el control indicado para ello. This tank contains an exit cartridge to sterilize and remove the compost, which is filled with the oldest mixture in the tank and, therefore, with the most advanced in the transformation process. The exit cartridge is automatically closed once full, and a process is initiated by which the compost is heated to the temperature and for the time necessary to eliminate the pathogens present in the excreta, so that the resulting compost can be used immediately without risk to health. This sterilization routine is performed automatically in terms of the microcontroller, based on the information of the output cartridge contents sensor, which determines it, that is, when there is an adequate amount of compost inside, or alternatively, when the user so decides and activates the control indicated for it.
El sistema de monitoreo y control actualiza en tiempo real la información sobre la cantidad de composta en el depósito y en el cartucho de salida, y al terminar la esterilización, el sanitario emite una señal luminosa, sonora y en forma de texto, para que la persona responsable de dar mantenimiento al sanitario extraiga el cartucho, para lo cual esta persona abate hacia arriba la taza inodoro, de manera que queda libre el acceso al cartucho en el muro falso, por donde lo saca. El cartucho tiene una combinación de compuertas para evitar que su contenido, o el del depósito para compostaje, salga de su sitio; el contenido se vacía en un jardín, camellón o donde haya tierra, sin riesgo de contaminar y luego el cartucho vuelva a colocarse en su lugar. The monitoring and control system updates in real time the information on the amount of compost in the tank and in the output cartridge, and at the end of the sterilization, the toilet emits a light, sound and text signal, so that the person responsible for maintaining the toilet removes the cartridge, for which this person folds up the toilet bowl, so that access to the cartridge in the false wall is free, where he takes it out. The cartridge has a combination of gates to prevent its contents, or that of the composting tank, from leaving its site; the contents are emptied in a garden, ridge or where there is dirt, without risk of contaminating and then the cartridge is put back in its place.
El abastecimiento de energía de este sanitario se realiza mediante un generador fotovoltaico o cualquier otro medio alternativo y no contaminante de generación de electricidad, de manera que el suministro de energía necesaria para su funcionamiento no representa una fuente de contaminación. Esta fuente de energía cuenta con los dispositivos necesarios para enviar a la red el excedente de electricidad que no puede almacenarse en la batería, de manera que no se desperdicie el fluido eléctrico generado. El sanitario, sin embargo, se encuentra conectado a la red eléctrica, que funciona como respaldo para los momentos en que el generador autónomo no produzca suficiente electricidad para operarlo. The power supply of this sanitary is carried out by means of a photovoltaic generator or any other alternative and non-polluting means of generating electricity, so that the supply of energy necessary for its operation does not represent a source of contamination. This source of energy has the necessary devices to send to the network the surplus of electricity that cannot be stored in the battery, so that the generated electrical fluid is not wasted. The toilet, however, is connected to the power grid, which functions as a backup for times when the autonomous generator does not produce enough electricity to operate it.
Además del vaciado del cartucho de salida con composta, hay otras dos alternativas de limpieza; para hacer una limpieza parcial, el receptor de excretas es rociado con una capa de sustancia natural antiadherente y realiza la rutina de mezclado, para retirar cualquier adherencia de sus paredes internas; para una completa limpieza, el receptor de excretas queda en su posición activa, en donde puede ser lavado manualmente. In addition to emptying the output cartridge with compost, there are two other cleaning alternatives; to make a partial cleaning, the excreta receiver is sprayed with a layer of non-stick natural substance and performs the mixing routine, to remove any adhesion of its internal walls; For complete cleaning, the excreta receiver remains in its active position, where it can be washed manually.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido para el manejo de residuos orgánicos humanos, que puede ser instalado en un medio urbano o en cualquier tipo de vivienda, el cual comprende básicamente la combinación técnica funcional de los siguientes componentes: una taza sanitaria abatible hacia arriba y empotrada en un muro falso, que actúa también como un captador de orina; un receptor de heces; una trituradora-mezcladora que incluye dos juegos de cuchillas complementarias y que giran independientemente para mezclar tierra con las excretas, maximizar la superficie de contacto entre ambas, e incrementar la velocidad de transformación en abono, antes de dejarlas caer a un depósito para compostaje; dos membranas que aislan y limpian las cuchillas después de cada uso; un muro falso, de dimensiones adecuadas para contener los componentes del sanitario; un depósito para tierra seca con despachador; un tanque con dosificador de una substancia natural antiadherente; un depósito para compostaje, el cual recibe la mezcla de tierra y excretas para que se realice la transformación de ambas en abono; un micro-procesador electrónico; y un sistema de sensores, accionadores y motores, los cuales hacen que su operación sea automática y que la intervención del usuario en las decisiones de su funcionamiento sea mínima, para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento del sanitario. 1. - Self-contained dry mechatronic composter sanitary ware for the management of human organic waste, which can be installed in an urban environment or in any type of housing, which basically comprises the functional technical combination of the following components: an upward folding sanitary cup and embedded in a false wall, which also acts as a urine collector; a stool receptor; a crusher-mixer that includes two sets of complementary blades and that rotate independently to mix soil with excreta, maximize the contact surface between the two, and increase the speed of transformation into fertilizer, before dropping them to a composting tank; two membranes that insulate and clean the blades after each use; a false wall, of adequate dimensions to contain the components of the toilet; a dry land tank with dispenser; a tank with dispenser of a non-stick natural substance; a deposit for composting, which receives the mixture of soil and excreta for the transformation of both into fertilizer; an electronic microprocessor; and a system of sensors, actuators and motors, which make its operation automatic and that the intervention of the user in the decisions of its operation is minimal, to ensure the proper functioning of the toilet.
2. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido, de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1 , caracterizado en que el receptor de heces, junto con la trituradora-mezcladora, se mueve de acuerdo con las instrucciones recibidas del sistema de control, a su posición activa cuando el usuario va a defecar, y a su posición de reposo original cuando el usuario se levanta del asiento del inodoro. 2. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting toilet, in accordance with what has been claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the stool receiver, together with the crusher-mixer, moves according to the instructions received from the control system, to its active position when the user is going to defecate, and to its original resting position when the user gets up from the toilet seat.
3. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula I, caracterizado porque incluye uno o dos motores que mueven las cuchillas de la trituradora-mezcladora, y otro motor que abre y cierra la trituradora-mezcladora, y permite que su contenido caiga al depósito de compostaje. 3. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting sanitary in accordance with what has been claimed in clause I, characterized in that it includes one or two motors that move the blades of the crusher-mixer, and another motor that opens and closes the crusher-mixer, and allows its content to fall into the composting tank.
4. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1 , en donde el depósito de tierra tiene un dosificador, con el que se deposita un poco de tierra adentro del receptor de heces, para mezclarla con las excretas. 4. - Self-contained dry mechatronic composting sanitary ware in accordance with what has been claimed in clause 1, where the earth deposit has a dispenser, with which a little earth is deposited inside the stool receiver, to mix it with the excreta
5. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula I, caracterizado en que incluye un sistema para llevar a cabo un proceso de esterilización de la composta en el cartucho de salida, el cual está localizado dentro del depósito para compostaje; en este cartucho se deposita la composta madura y, cuando está lleno, durante unos minutos eleva su temperatura lo suficiente, y/o dosifica ozono u otra alternativa de desinfección, para destruir todos los organismos patógenos presentes en las excretas, permitiendo que el sanitario esté disponible para su uso en todo momento. 5. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting sanitary ware in accordance with what has been claimed in clause I, characterized in that it includes a system to carry out a sterilization process of the compost in the output cartridge, which is located within the composting tank; In this cartridge the mature compost is deposited and, when it is full, for a few minutes it raises its temperature sufficiently, and / or it dispenses ozone or another disinfection alternative, to destroy all the pathogenic organisms present in the excreta, allowing the toilet to be available for use at all times.
6. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula I, caracterizado en que el cartucho de salida de composta consta de un sistema de compuertas para evitar que su contenido o el del depósito para compostaje caiga hacia afuera. 6. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting sanitary in accordance with what has been claimed in clause I, characterized in that the compost output cartridge consists of a system of gates to prevent its contents or that of the composting tank from falling out .
7. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1, caracterizado en que comprende una fuente de energía autónoma, con panel fotovoltaico u otro medio de generación alternativa de energía para el funcionamiento del sistema, así como la posibilidad de conectarse a la red eléctrica del servicio público para cuando falle su fuente autónoma. 7. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting sanitary in accordance with what has been claimed in clause 1, characterized in that it comprises an autonomous energy source, with photovoltaic panel or other means of alternative energy generation for the operation of the system, as well as the possibility of connecting to the public service electricity network when its autonomous source fails.
8. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad 5 con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1 , caracterizado en que el sistema de control tiene dos módulos; el módulo uno con tres sensores principales para el usuario, y el módulo dos con un teclado oculto para dar instrucciones más específicas para la esterilización y vaciado de la composta, la limpieza del sanitario y otras labores de mantenimiento. 8. - Self-contained mechatronic composter dry sanitary in accordance with what has been claimed in clause 1, characterized in that the control system has two modules; module one with three main sensors for the user, and module two with a hidden keyboard to give more specific instructions for sterilization and emptying of the compost, sanitary cleaning and other maintenance work.
I0  I0
9. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula I, caracterizado en que tiene un sistema de monitoreo y control de las condiciones generales del sanitario, el cual mide la humedad, temperatura, iluminación, cantidad de composta y la presencia 9. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting sanitary in accordance with what has been claimed in clause I, characterized in that it has a monitoring and control system of the general conditions of the sanitary, which measures the humidity, temperature, lighting, quantity of compost and presence
15 de gases producto de procesos orgánicos anaeróbicos en el interior del depósito para compostaje, y un micro-controlador electrónico que recibe esta información, la analiza, y determina las acciones a realizar relacionadas con el control de la ventilación, la iluminación y el movimiento de la composta, necesarias para favorecer la descomposición aeróbica y evitar procesos anaeróbicos durante la 0 transformación de las excretas en abono. 15 of gases produced by anaerobic organic processes inside the composting tank, and an electronic microcontroller that receives this information, analyzes it, and determines the actions to be taken related to the control of ventilation, lighting and movement of the compost, necessary to favor aerobic decomposition and avoid anaerobic processes during the transformation of excreta into fertilizer.
10. - sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula I, caracterizado en que el micro- controlador, con base en la información proporcionada por los sensores sobre el10. - self-contained dry mechatronic composter sanitary in accordance with what has been claimed in clause I, characterized in that the microcontroller, based on the information provided by the sensors on the
25 estado general del sanitario, decide y determina la realización de las acciones necesarias para la correcta operación de este último. 25 general state of the sanitary, decides and determines the performance of the necessary actions for the correct operation of the latter.
11. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1 , caracterizado en que cuenta con11. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting sanitary ware in accordance with what has been claimed in clause 1, characterized in that it has
30 un sensor que indica la cantidad de mezcla tierra seca en el interior del depósito correspondiente. 30 a sensor that indicates the amount of dry earth mixture inside the corresponding tank.
12. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad 0 con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula I, caracterizado en que cuenta con dispositivos para emitir señales visuales, sonoras y en formato de texto, las cuales indican el estado general que guarda el sanitario, así como las tareas de mantenimiento que deben llevarse a cabo, de acuerdo con las condiciones prevalecientes en su interior. 12. - Health mechatronic dry compost self - 0 in accordance with what has been claimed in clause I, characterized in that it has devices for outputting visual, sound and text format signals, which indicate the general state of health , as well as maintenance tasks that must be carried out, in accordance with the prevailing conditions inside.
13. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1 , caracterizado en que tiene dos modos de limpieza, una limpieza parcial y una limpieza completa. 13. - Self-contained mechatronic dry composting toilet according to what has been claimed in clause 1, characterized in that it has two cleaning modes, a partial cleaning and a complete cleaning.
14. - Sanitario seco compostero mecatrónico autocontenido de conformidad con lo que se ha reivindicado en la cláusula 1 , caracterizado en que tiene un sensor de posición en la tapa de la taza, que indica la presencia del usuario, y cuando se retira de la taza. 14. - Self-contained dry mechatronic composting sanitary ware in accordance with what has been claimed in clause 1, characterized in that it has a position sensor in the cup lid, which indicates the presence of the user, and when removed from the cup .
PCT/MX2012/000131 2012-01-16 2012-12-17 Self-contained, mechatronic dry compost toilet WO2013109132A1 (en)

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WO2013109132A8 (en) 2014-03-06
MX2012000727A (en) 2013-07-16

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