WO2013100035A1 - カラー撮像素子 - Google Patents
カラー撮像素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013100035A1 WO2013100035A1 PCT/JP2012/083840 JP2012083840W WO2013100035A1 WO 2013100035 A1 WO2013100035 A1 WO 2013100035A1 JP 2012083840 W JP2012083840 W JP 2012083840W WO 2013100035 A1 WO2013100035 A1 WO 2013100035A1
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 241000579895 Chlorostilbon Species 0.000 description 12
- 229910052876 emerald Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
- H04N23/843—Demosaicing, e.g. interpolating colour pixel values
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/12—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2209/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N2209/04—Picture signal generators
- H04N2209/041—Picture signal generators using solid-state devices
- H04N2209/042—Picture signal generators using solid-state devices having a single pick-up sensor
- H04N2209/045—Picture signal generators using solid-state devices having a single pick-up sensor using mosaic colour filter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a color image sensor, and more particularly to a color image sensor capable of suppressing the occurrence of color moire and increasing the resolution.
- the output image of the single-plate color image pickup device is a RAW image (mosaic image)
- a multi-channel image is obtained by a process (demosaic process) for interpolating missing color pixels from surrounding pixels.
- the problem in this case is the reproduction characteristics of high-frequency image signals, and color imaging devices are more likely to cause aliasing than color imaging devices, so color moire (false color). It is an important issue to increase the reproducibility band and to improve the resolution while suppressing the occurrence of noise.
- the demosaicing process is a process for calculating all color information for each pixel from a mosaic image corresponding to the color filter array of a single-plate color image sensor, and is also called a synchronization process. For example, in the case of an image sensor made up of three color filters of RGB, this is a process of calculating color information for all RGB for each pixel from a mosaic image made of RGB.
- an optical low-pass filter made of a birefringent material such as crystal is disposed in front of the color image pickup device, and this is avoided by optically dropping high frequencies.
- coloring due to folding of the high-frequency signal can be reduced, but there is a problem that the resolution is lowered due to its adverse effect.
- the color filter arrangement of the color image sensor is determined based on an arrangement restriction condition in which any target pixel is adjacent in any one of three colors including the color of the target pixel and four sides of the target pixel.
- Patent Document 1 A color image sensor having a three-color random array that satisfies the above has been proposed.
- R and B of the three primary colors of RGB are arranged every three pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions, and G is arranged between these R and B (patent). Reference 4).
- JP 2000-308080 A JP 2005-136766 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-285012 JP-A-8-23543
- the color imaging device described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that since the filter arrangement is random, it is necessary to optimize each random pattern when performing the demosaicing process in the subsequent stage, and the demosaicing process becomes complicated. is there.
- the random arrangement is effective for low-frequency color moire, but is not effective for false colors in the high-frequency part.
- the image sensor described in Patent Document 2 has a problem that the pixel reproduction accuracy in the limit resolution region (particularly in an oblique direction) is not good because G pixels (luminance pixels) are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the color solid-state imaging device described in Patent Document 3 has an advantage that the occurrence of false colors can be suppressed because filters of all colors exist on an arbitrary straight line, but the ratio of the number of RGB pixels is equal. There is a problem that the high frequency reproducibility is lower than that of the Bayer array. In the case of the Bayer array, the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is twice the number of R and B pixels.
- the ratio of the number of G pixels to the number of R and B pixels is higher than that of the Bayer array, but there are lines of only G pixels in the horizontal or vertical direction. It is not effective against false colors in the high-frequency part in the horizontal or vertical direction.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can suppress the generation of false colors and increase the resolution, and can simplify the subsequent processing as compared with the conventional random arrangement.
- An object is to provide an imaging device.
- a color imaging device is a single image sensor in which a color filter is provided on a plurality of pixels including photoelectric conversion devices arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.
- the plate-type color image pickup device includes a first filter corresponding to one or more first colors and two colors having a contribution ratio for obtaining a luminance signal lower than that of the first color.
- M ⁇ N M, N: an integer of 4 or more, at least one being an odd number, M ⁇ N
- the basic array pattern is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the first filter is arranged in a checkered pattern in the basic array pattern, and the second filter corresponding to each color of the second color is the basic filter
- An array of color filters in the array pattern One or more pixels are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the ratio of the number of pixels of the first color corresponding to the first filter is the number of pixels of each color of the second color corresponding to the second filter. Greater than the ratio.
- the first filter corresponding to the first color having a high contribution rate for obtaining the luminance signal and the second color of at least two colors other than the first color A basic arrangement pattern of M ⁇ N (M, N: an integer of 4 or more, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N) in which second filters corresponding to colors are arranged is repeated in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Arranged. Thereby, when performing the demosaicing process in the subsequent stage, the process can be performed according to the repetitive pattern, and the subsequent process can be simplified as compared with the conventional random arrangement.
- the first filter is arranged in a checkered pattern in the basic arrangement pattern.
- the first filter is arranged in each of the horizontal, vertical, diagonally upper right, and diagonally lower right lines of the color filter array, and the reproduction accuracy of the demosaicing process in the high frequency region can be improved.
- one or more second filters of each color are arranged in each horizontal and vertical line of the color filter array in the basic array pattern. Thereby, the generation of color moire (false color) can be suppressed and high resolution can be achieved.
- the ratio of the number of pixels of the first color corresponding to the first filter is greater than the ratio of the number of pixels of each color of the second color corresponding to the second filter. Is also arranged to be larger. Thereby, aliasing can be suppressed and high frequency reproducibility is also good.
- a color image pickup device is a single-plate color image pickup device in which color filters are arranged on a plurality of pixels including photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.
- the arrangement of the color filters corresponds to a first filter corresponding to one or more first colors and two or more second colors having a contribution ratio for obtaining a luminance signal lower than that of the first color.
- M ⁇ N M, N are integers, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N) and k (k is an integer of 2 or more) sub-arrays.
- the basic arrangement pattern is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the first filter is arranged in a checkered pattern in the sub-array, and corresponds to each color of the second color
- the second filter has a color filter within the basic array pattern.
- the ratio of the number of pixels of the first color corresponding to the first filter is one or more in each horizontal and vertical line of the array of data, and the ratio of the second color corresponding to the second filter It is larger than the ratio of the number of pixels of each color.
- the first filter corresponding to the first color having a high contribution rate for obtaining the luminance signal and the second color of at least two colors other than the first color M ⁇ N (M, N: integers, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N) in which k (k is an integer equal to or greater than 2) sub-arrays in which second filters corresponding to colors are arranged
- M ⁇ N M, N: integers, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N
- k is an integer equal to or greater than 2
- the basic array pattern is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- the first filter is arranged in a checkered pattern in the sub-array.
- the first filter is arranged in each of the horizontal, vertical, diagonally upper right, and diagonally lower right lines of the color filter array, and the reproduction accuracy of the demosaicing process in the high frequency region can be improved.
- one or more second filters of each color are arranged in each horizontal and vertical line of the color filter array in the basic array pattern. Thereby, the generation of color moire (false color) can be suppressed and high resolution can be achieved.
- the ratio of the number of pixels of the first color corresponding to the first filter is greater than the ratio of the number of pixels of each color of the second color corresponding to the second filter. Is also arranged to be larger. Thereby, aliasing can be suppressed and high frequency reproducibility is also good.
- M is 3, N is greater than M, k is 2, and the basic array pattern has 2 sub-arrays so that the number of pixels is 2M ⁇ N. It is preferable that they are formed side by side.
- N is 3, M is smaller than N, k is 4, and the basic array pattern has 4 sub-arrays so that the number of pixels is 2M ⁇ 2N. It is preferable that they are formed side by side.
- the first filter is arranged in each line in the horizontal, vertical, diagonally lower right and diagonally upper right directions of the color filter array. Therefore, the reproduction accuracy of the demosaicing process in the high frequency region can be improved.
- the second filter corresponding to each color of the second color is arranged in each line in the horizontal, vertical, diagonally lower right and diagonally upper right directions of the color filter array. It is preferred that Thereby, the generation of color moire (false color) can be suppressed and high resolution can be achieved.
- the first color is a green (G) color and the second color is a red (R) color and a blue (B) color.
- the color filter includes an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to the colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and a basic array
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are preferably arranged so as not to be adjacent in the horizontal and vertical directions of the arrangement of the color filters. Accordingly, it is possible to easily make an arrangement in which the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged in the horizontal, vertical, diagonal upper right, and diagonal lower right lines.
- the color filter includes an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to the colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and a basic array
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are preferably arranged along an oblique (NE or NW) direction of the arrangement of the color filters.
- the color filter includes an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to the colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and a basic array
- the R filters and the B filters are preferably arranged irregularly so that the same number of R filters and B filters or the difference between the R filters and the B filters is 1. Thereby, generation
- the color filter includes an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors, and is arranged in a sub-array.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are preferably arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- the color filter includes an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors, and is arranged in a sub-array.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are preferably arranged along the diagonal upper right or diagonal lower right direction of the arrangement of the color filters.
- the color filter includes an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors, and is arranged in a sub-array.
- the R filters and the B filters are preferably arranged irregularly so that the same number of R filters and B filters or the difference between the R filters and the B filters is 1. Note that an imaging apparatus including the above-described color imaging element is also included in the present invention.
- the present invention it is possible to suppress the occurrence of false colors and increase the resolution, and to simplify the subsequent processing as compared with the conventional random arrangement.
- each color filter of R, G, B exists in the diagonal upper right direction of the color image sensor of 2nd Embodiment.
- the figure which shows 4th Embodiment of the single plate type color image pick-up element based on this invention The figure which shows that each color filter of R, G, B exists in the diagonally lower right direction of the color image sensor of 4th Embodiment. The figure which shows that each color filter of R, G, B exists in the diagonally lower right direction of the color image sensor of 4th Embodiment.
- each color filter of R, G, B exists in the diagonally lower right direction of the color image sensor of 5th Embodiment.
- the graph which shows the spectral sensitivity characteristic of the light receiving element by which R filter (red filter), G1 filter (1st green filter), G2 filter (2nd green filter), and B filter (blue filter) are arrange
- positioned The graph which shows the spectral sensitivity characteristic of the light receiving element by which R filter, G filter, B filter, and emerald filter E (E filter) are arrange
- positioned The figure used in order to explain the subject of the color image sensor which has the color filter of the conventional Bayer arrangement. Other figures used to explain the problems of a color image sensor having a color filter with a conventional Bayer array
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a single-plate color image pickup device according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of color filters provided in the color image pickup device.
- This color image sensor is shown in FIG. 1 arranged on a light receiving surface of a plurality of pixels (not shown) composed of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction (two-dimensional array).
- a color filter of a color filter array is formed, and any one of the three primary color filters of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is arranged on each pixel.
- the color image sensor is not limited to a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) color image sensor, and may be another type of image sensor such as a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment has the following features (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5).
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 1 is a 4 ⁇ 6 pixel basic array pattern P1 (pattern indicated by a thick frame) composed of 2 ⁇ 3 pixel sub-arrays P1-1, P1-2, P1-3, and P1-4.
- the basic array pattern P1 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- the sub arrays P1-1, P1-2, P1-3, and P1-4 have 3 pixels in the vertical direction and 2 pixels in the horizontal direction, and the basic array pattern P1 has 6 pixels in the vertical direction and 4 pixels in the horizontal direction. It is. That is, the sub-array is M ⁇ N pixels (M and N are integers, M ⁇ N), and the basic array pattern P1 is formed by arranging four sub-arrays so that the number of pixels is 2M ⁇ 2N. .
- G filters that are luminance system pixels are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the checkered pattern can also be referred to as a checker pattern.
- two G filters are arranged in the left column and one G filter is arranged in the right column, but the reverse is also possible. .
- the R filter or the B filter is arranged along the diagonally lower right direction.
- positioning R filter or B filter along a diagonal direction is not restricted to this, You may arrange
- the B filter is arranged on the left side and the R filter is arranged on the right side
- the R filter is arranged on the left side and the B filter is arranged on the right side.
- the sub array P1-1 is arranged at the upper left
- the sub array P1-2 is arranged under the sub array P1-1
- the sub array P1-3 is arranged at the right side of the sub array P1-1.
- Subsequence P1-4 is arranged below subsequence P1-3. Note that the arrangement of the sub arrays in the basic array pattern P1 is not limited to this. As long as the basic array pattern P1 is 4 ⁇ 6 pixels, any sub-array may be arranged.
- R, G, and B color filters are arrayed with periodicity.
- the color filter array of the reduced image subjected to the thinning process can be the same as the color filter array before the thinning process, and a common processing circuit Can be used.
- the diagonal upper right direction is the diagonal direction of the right upward direction of the two diagonal lines of the pixel
- the diagonal lower right direction is the diagonal line direction of the lower right direction of the two diagonal lines of the pixel.
- the diagonally upper right and diagonally lower right directions are directions of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction, but in the case of an array of rectangular pixels, the diagonal diagonal direction is long. The angle can be changed according to the length of the side and the short side.
- the G filter corresponding to the color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is the horizontal, vertical, and diagonally lower right of the color filter array, and It is arranged in each line in the diagonally upper right direction.
- G filters are arranged in all horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P1. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, G filters are arranged in all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 9 passing through the basic array pattern P1, and as shown in FIG. 3, the diagonal upper right corner passing through the basic array pattern P1. G filters are arranged on all the direction lines 1 to 9.
- the demosaicing process in the high frequency region is performed regardless of the direction of high frequency.
- the reproduction accuracy can be improved.
- the number of R, G, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the sub-array is 2 pixels
- the sub-arrays P1-3 and P1-4 have three pixels and one pixel, and the number of R, G, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the sub-array is 1 respectively. There are 3 pixels, 2 pixels. Therefore, in the basic array pattern P1 of the color filter array shown in FIG. 1, the numbers of R pixels, G pixels, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the basic array pattern are 6 pixels and 12 pixels, respectively. , 6 pixels.
- the ratio of the number of pixels of RGB pixels is 1: 2: 1
- the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is the R pixel and the B pixel of other colors. It is larger than the ratio of the number of pixels.
- the number of G filters is approximately double the number of R filters and B filters. can do.
- the ratio between the number of G pixels and the number of R and B pixels is different, and in particular, the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is equal to the number of R and B pixels. Since the ratio is larger than the ratio, aliasing during the demosaicing process can be suppressed and high frequency reproducibility can be improved.
- the R filter and the B filter are irregularly arranged so that the number of R filters and B filters is the same in the basic array pattern, and the difference between the R filter and the B filter is 1 in the sub array. The Thereby, generation
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 1 includes R filters and B filters corresponding to two or more other colors (R and B colors in this embodiment) other than the G color in the basic array pattern P1.
- One or more color filters are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- R filters and B filters are arranged in all horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P1. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, R filters and B filters are arranged on all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 9 passing through the basic array pattern P1, and as shown in FIG. R filters and B filters are arranged on all of the lines 1 to 9 in the upper right direction passing therethrough.
- the R filter and B filter are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array, the occurrence of color moire (false color) can be suppressed.
- an optical low-pass filter for suppressing the generation of false color can be prevented from being arranged in the optical path from the incident surface of the optical system to the imaging surface, or the occurrence of false color can be prevented even when the optical low-pass filter is applied. Therefore, it is possible to apply a low-frequency component for cutting high-frequency components, and not to impair the resolution.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 1 has symmetry. That is, the sub-arrays P1-2 and P1-4 shown in FIG. 1 are line-symmetric with respect to a horizontal line passing through the center of the sub-array. Such symmetry makes it possible to reduce or simplify the circuit scale of the subsequent processing circuit.
- the basic array pattern of 2 pixels in the horizontal direction, 4 pixels in the horizontal direction including a 2 ⁇ 3 sub-array of 3 pixels in the vertical direction, and 6 pixels in the vertical direction has been described as an example.
- the sub-array may be 2 pixels in the vertical direction and 3 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- the basic array pattern is 4 pixels in the vertical direction and 6 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of color filters provided in the color image sensor.
- the color filter array of the color image sensor of the second embodiment has the same characteristics as the characteristics (1), (2), (3), and (4) of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment. is doing. Note that detailed description of features similar to those of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment is omitted.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 4 includes a 6 ⁇ 4 pixel basic array pattern P2 (pattern indicated by a thick frame) composed of 3 ⁇ 4 pixel sub-arrays P2-1 and P2-2, and this basic array pattern P2 Are repeatedly arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the sub arrays P2-1 and P2-2 have 4 pixels in the vertical direction and 3 pixels in the horizontal direction, and the basic array pattern P2 has 4 pixels in the vertical direction and 6 pixels in the horizontal direction. That is, the sub-array is M ⁇ N pixels (M and N are integers, M ⁇ N), and the basic array pattern P2 is formed by arranging two sub-arrays so that the number of pixels is 2M ⁇ N.
- the G filters that are luminance pixels are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the left and right end columns are arranged in the top row and the second row from the bottom, and the center column is the second row from the top and the second row from the top.
- the G filter is arranged in the lower row, but the reverse is also acceptable.
- the R filter and the B filter are arranged along the diagonally lower right direction
- the R filter and the B filter are arranged along the diagonally upper right direction. ing.
- R filters, G filters, and B filters are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the basic arrangement pattern P2 is repeatedly arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the filters, G filters, and B filters are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions. However, this condition is not essential.
- the sub array P2-1 is arranged on the left side, and the sub array P2-2 is arranged on the right side of the sub array P1-1.
- the arrangement of the sub arrays in the basic array pattern P1 is not limited to this. As long as the basic array pattern P1 is 6 ⁇ 4 pixels, any sub-array may be arranged.
- R, G, and B color filters are arrayed with periodicity.
- the G filter corresponding to the color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is the horizontal, vertical, diagonal upper right, and diagonal lower right of the color filter array. Located within each line of direction.
- G filters are arranged in all horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P2. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, G filters are arranged in all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 9 passing through the basic array pattern P1, and as shown in FIG. 6, the diagonally upper right corner passing through the basic array pattern P2. G filters are arranged in all of the direction lines 1 to 9.
- the number of R, G, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the sub-array is 3 pixels, There are 6 pixels and 3 pixels. Therefore, in the basic array pattern P1 of the color filter array shown in FIG. 4, the numbers of R pixels, G pixels, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the basic array pattern are 6 pixels and 12 pixels, respectively. , 6 pixels. That is, the ratio of the number of pixels of RGB pixels is 1: 2: 1, and the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is the R pixel and the B pixel of other colors. It is larger than the ratio of the number of pixels.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 4 includes R filters and B filters corresponding to two or more other colors (in this embodiment, R and B colors) other than the G color in the basic array pattern P2.
- One or more color filters are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- R filters and B filters are arranged in all the horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P2. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, R filters and B filters are arranged on all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 9 passing through the basic array pattern P2, and as shown in FIG. R filters and B filters are arranged on all of the lines 1 to 9 in the upper right direction passing therethrough.
- the 6 ⁇ 4 pixel basic array pattern including the 3 ⁇ 4 pixel sub-array in which the R filter and the B filter are arranged along the diagonally lower right direction has been described as an example.
- the basic array pattern of 6 ⁇ 4 pixels composed of the sub-array of 3 ⁇ 4 pixels satisfying () to (4) is not limited to this.
- the basic arrangement pattern of 4 pixels in the vertical direction including the 3 ⁇ 4 sub-array of 4 pixels in the vertical direction and 3 pixels in the horizontal direction and 6 pixels in the horizontal direction has been described as an example.
- the sub-array may be 3 pixels in the vertical direction and 4 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- the basic array pattern is 6 pixels in the vertical direction and 4 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of color filters provided in the color image sensor.
- the color filter array of the color image sensor of the third embodiment includes the features (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment. It has the same feature and the feature (6) not in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment. Note that detailed description of features similar to those of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment is omitted.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 7 includes a basic array pattern P3 (pattern indicated by a thick frame) of 6 ⁇ 5 pixels composed of sub-arrays P3-1 and P3-2 of 3 ⁇ 5 pixels, and this basic array pattern P2 Are repeatedly arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the sub arrays P3-1 and P3-2 have 3 pixels in the vertical direction and 5 pixels in the horizontal direction, and the basic array pattern P3 has 6 pixels in the vertical direction and 5 pixels in the horizontal direction. That is, the sub-array is M ⁇ N pixels (M and N are integers, M ⁇ N), and the basic array pattern P3 is formed by arranging two sub-arrays so that the number of pixels is 2M ⁇ N.
- G filters which are luminance pixels are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the right and left ends and the center column have G filters arranged in the top and bottom rows, and the other columns have G filters arranged in the center row.
- the reverse is also acceptable.
- the R filter and the B filter are arranged along the diagonally lower right direction, and in the sub array P3-2, the R filter and the B filter are arranged along the diagonally upper right direction. ing.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arrayed so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions. However, this condition is not essential.
- the sub array P3-1 is disposed on the upper side, and the sub array P3-2 is disposed below the sub array P3-1.
- the arrangement of the sub arrays in the basic array pattern P3 is not limited to this. As long as the basic array pattern P1 is 6 ⁇ 5 pixels, any sub-array may be arranged.
- R, G, and B color filters are arrayed with periodicity.
- the G filter corresponding to the color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is the horizontal, vertical, diagonal upper right and diagonal lower right of the color filter array. Located within each line of direction.
- G filters are arranged in all the horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P3. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, G filters are arranged on all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 9 passing through the basic array pattern P3, and as shown in FIG. 9, the diagonal upper right corner passing through the basic array pattern P3. G filters are arranged in all of the direction lines 1 to 9.
- the number of R, G, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in each sub-array is 3 pixels or There are 4 pixels, 8 pixels, 4 pixels, or 3 pixels. Therefore, in the basic array pattern P3 of the color filter array shown in FIG. 7, the numbers of R pixels, G pixels, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the basic array pattern are 7 pixels and 16 pixels, respectively.
- the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtaining a luminance signal is larger than the ratio of the number of R pixels and B pixels of other colors.
- the R filter has 3 pixels and the B filter has 4 pixels, and in the sub-array P3-1, the R filter has 4 pixels and the B filter has 3 pixels, but the reverse is also possible.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 7 includes R filters and B filters corresponding to two or more other colors (in this embodiment, R and B colors) other than the G color in the basic array pattern P2.
- One or more color filters are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- R filters and B filters are arranged in all horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P3. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, R filters and B filters are arranged on all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 9 passing through the basic array pattern P3. As shown in FIG. R filters and B filters are arranged in all of the lines 1 to 9 in the upper right direction passing therethrough.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions, but the basic that satisfies the feature (4) by arranging each color filter in this way.
- An arrangement pattern can be made easy.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 7 has symmetry.
- the sub-arrays P3-1 and P3-2 of the color filter array shown in FIG. 7 are point-symmetric with respect to the center of the sub-array pattern (center of the center R filter or B filter).
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 7 includes a square array corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels composed of G filters. Since the G filters are arranged at the four corners of the sub arrays P3-1 and P3-2, a total of four sub arrays P3-1 and P3-2 are arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, or a basic array. When two patterns P3 are arranged in the left-right direction, a square array corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels composed of G filters appears at the center thereof.
- this color filter array it is possible to determine a direction having a high correlation among the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the diagonal direction by using the information of the G pixel having the minimum pixel interval.
- This direction discrimination result can be used for a process of interpolating from surrounding pixels (a demosaicing process).
- the basic arrangement pattern of 3 pixels in the vertical direction, 6 pixels in the vertical direction including a 3 ⁇ 5 sub-array of 5 pixels in the horizontal direction, and 5 pixels in the horizontal direction has been described as an example.
- the sub-array may be 5 pixels in the vertical direction and 3 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- the basic array pattern is 5 pixels in the vertical direction and 3 pixels in the horizontal direction.
- N ⁇ M satisfying at least the features (1) to (4) (M and N are integers, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N) is an example of the basic array pattern in which the sub-arrays are repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- the M pixel may be the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and N may be the number of pixels in the vertical direction, or the N pixels may be the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and M may be the number of pixels in the vertical direction.
- M is preferably 3 or less.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of color filters provided in the color image sensor.
- the color filter array of the color image sensor of the fourth embodiment has the same characteristics as the characteristics (1), (2), (3) and (4) of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment. is doing. Note that detailed description of features similar to those of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment is omitted.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 11 includes a basic array pattern P4 (pattern indicated by a thick frame) composed of a square array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 5 pixels, and this basic array pattern P4 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Has been.
- the basic array pattern P4 has 4 pixels in the vertical direction and 5 pixels in the horizontal direction, but it may be reversed.
- G filters that are luminance pixels are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the checkered pattern can also be referred to as a checker pattern.
- the G filters are arranged second and second from the top and bottom in the columns at both ends and the center, and one G filter is arranged in the second and bottom from the other two columns.
- the reverse is also acceptable.
- R, G, and B color filters are arrayed with periodicity.
- the G filter corresponding to the color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is the horizontal, vertical, diagonal upper right, and diagonal lower right of the color filter array. Located within each line of direction.
- G filters are arranged in all horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P4. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, G filters are arranged in all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 8 passing through the basic array pattern P4, and as shown in FIG. 13, the diagonal upper right passing through the basic array pattern P4. G filters are arranged in all of the direction lines 1 to 8.
- the basic array pattern P4 of the color filter array shown in FIG. 11 has 5 pixels, 10 pixels, 5 pixels for the R, G, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the basic array pattern, respectively. It is a pixel. That is, the ratio of the number of pixels of RGB pixels is 1: 2: 1, and the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is the R pixel and the B pixel of other colors. It is larger than the ratio of the number of pixels.
- the number of G filters can be made approximately twice the number of R filters and B filters.
- the R filters and the B filters are irregularly arranged so that the R filters and the B filters have the same number in the basic arrangement pattern. Thereby, generation
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 11 has an R filter and a B filter corresponding to two or more other colors (R and B colors in this embodiment) other than the G color in the basic array pattern P4.
- One or more color filters are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- R filters and B filters are arranged in all horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P4. Also, as shown in FIG. 12, R filters and B filters are arranged in all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 8 passing through the basic array pattern P4. As shown in FIG. R filters and B filters are arranged in all of the lines 1 to 8 in the upper right direction passing therethrough.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions, but the basic that satisfies the feature (4) by arranging the color filters in this way.
- An arrangement pattern can be made easy.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of color filters provided in the color image sensor.
- the color filter array of the color image sensor of the fourth embodiment has the same characteristics as the characteristics (1), (2), (3) and (4) of the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment. is doing. Note that detailed description of features similar to those of the color filter array of the color imaging device of the first and fourth embodiments is omitted.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 14 includes a basic array pattern P5 (pattern indicated by a thick frame) consisting of a square array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 5 pixels, and this basic array pattern P5 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Has been.
- the basic array pattern P5 has 4 pixels in the vertical direction and 5 pixels in the horizontal direction, but it may be reversed.
- G filters that are luminance system pixels are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the checkered pattern can also be referred to as a checker pattern.
- the G filters are arranged second from the top and bottom in both ends and the middle row, and one G filter is arranged in the second and bottom from the other two rows.
- the reverse is also acceptable.
- the R filter and the B filter are arranged along the diagonally lower right direction.
- the method of arranging the R filter and the B filter along the diagonal direction is not limited to this, and the R filter and the B filter may be reversed, and the R filter and the B filter may be arranged along the diagonal upper right direction. May be.
- R, G, and B color filters are arrayed with periodicity.
- the G filter corresponding to the color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is the horizontal, vertical, diagonal upper right, and diagonal lower right of the color filter array. Located within each line of direction.
- G filters are arranged in all the horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P5. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, G filters are arranged in all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 8 passing through the basic array pattern P5, and as shown in FIG. 16, the upper right diagonal through the basic array pattern P5. G filters are arranged in all of the direction lines 1 to 8.
- the numbers of R pixels, G pixels, and B pixels corresponding to the R, G, and B filters in the basic array pattern are 5 pixels, 10 pixels, 5 pixels, respectively. It is a pixel. That is, the ratio of the number of pixels of RGB pixels is 1: 2: 1, and the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is the R pixel and the B pixel of other colors. It is larger than the ratio of the number of pixels.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 14 includes R filters and B filters corresponding to two or more other colors (in this embodiment, R and B colors) other than the G color in the basic array pattern P5.
- One or more color filters are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- R filters and B filters are arranged in all the horizontal and vertical lines in the basic array pattern P5. Further, as shown in FIG. 15, R filters and B filters are arranged on all of the diagonally lower right lines 1 to 8 passing through the basic array pattern P5. As shown in FIG. R filters and B filters are arranged in all of the lines 1 to 8 in the upper right direction passing therethrough.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged so as not to be adjacent to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions, but the basic that satisfies the feature (4) by arranging each color filter in this way.
- An arrangement pattern can be made easy.
- N ⁇ M satisfying the characteristics (1) to (4) (M and N are integers, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N) is an example of the basic arrangement pattern, and is not limited to this. However, since M (3) is not satisfied when M is 3 or less, M is preferably 4 or more.
- the basic array pattern of N ⁇ M (M, N is an integer, at least one is an odd number, M ⁇ N) that satisfies at least the features (1) to (4) is limited to 4 ⁇ 5 pixels. Absent. If the G filters are arranged in a checkered pattern, basic array patterns with various numbers of pixels such as 5 ⁇ 6 pixels, 5 ⁇ 8 pixels, 7 ⁇ 6 pixels, and 7 ⁇ 8 pixels are possible. However, considering the ease of image processing such as demosaicing processing and thinning processing during moving image shooting, N is preferably 10 or less.
- the G filter of G color has been described as an example of the first filter having the first color of the present invention. However, instead of the G filter or a part of the G filter. A filter that satisfies any of the following conditions (1) to (4) may be used.
- Condition (1) is that the contribution rate for obtaining the luminance signal is 50% or more. This contribution rate of 50% is a value determined to distinguish the first color (G color, etc.) from the second color (R, B color, etc.) of the present invention, and is used to obtain luminance data. Are determined to be included in the “first color” in which the contribution ratio is relatively higher than the R color, the B color, and the like.
- the color having a contribution ratio of less than 50% is the second color (R color, B color, etc.) of the present invention, and the filter having this color is the second filter of the present invention.
- Condition (2) is that the peak of the transmittance of the filter is in the range of wavelengths from 480 nm to 570 nm.
- a value measured with a spectrophotometer is used as the transmittance of the filter.
- This wavelength range is a range defined for distinguishing between the first color (G color, etc.) and the second color (R, B color, etc.) of the present invention, and the aforementioned contribution ratio is relative. This is a range determined so that peaks such as R color and B color that become lower in general are not included, and peaks such as G color in which the contribution ratio is relatively higher are included.
- a filter having a transmittance peak within a wavelength range of 480 nm to 570 nm can be used as the first filter.
- a filter having a transmittance peak outside the wavelength range of 480 nm to 570 nm is the second filter (R filter, B filter) of the present invention.
- Condition (3) is that the transmittance within the wavelength range of 500 nm to 560 nm is higher than the transmittance of the second filter (R filter or B filter). Also in this condition (3), the value measured with a spectrophotometer, for example, is used as the transmittance of the filter.
- the wavelength range of the condition (3) is also a range determined to distinguish the first color (G color, etc.) from the second color (R, B color, etc.) of the present invention. This is a range in which the transmittance of a filter having a color whose contribution rate is relatively higher than the color or B color is higher than the transmittance of an RB filter or the like. Therefore, a filter having a relatively high transmittance within a wavelength range of 500 nm to 560 nm can be used as the first filter, and a filter having a relatively low transmittance can be used as the second filter.
- Condition (4) is that a filter of two or more colors including a color that contributes most to the luminance signal (for example, G color of RGB) among the three primary colors and a color different from the three primary colors is used as the first filter. Is to use. In this case, a filter corresponding to a color other than each color of the first filter is the second filter.
- the G color G filter as the first filter is not limited to one type.
- a plurality of types of G filters (G1 filter, G2 filter) can be used as the first filter. That is, the G filter of the color filter (basic array pattern) according to each of the above embodiments may be appropriately replaced with a G1 filter or a G2 filter.
- the G1 filter transmits G light in the first wavelength band
- the G2 filter transmits G light in the second wavelength band having a high correlation with the G1 filter (see FIG. 17).
- an existing G filter for example, the G filter of the first embodiment
- the G2 filter a filter having a high correlation with the G1 filter
- the peak value of the spectral sensitivity curve of the light receiving element in which the G2 filter is disposed is, for example, in the wavelength range of 500 nm to 535 nm (near the peak value of the spectral sensitivity curve of the light receiving element in which the existing G filter is disposed). It is desirable to be.
- a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-284084 is used as a method for determining the color filters of four colors (R, G1, G2, B).
- the color of the image acquired by the color imaging device is set to four types, and the color information acquired is increased, so that the color can be more accurately compared with the case where only three types of colors (RGB) are acquired.
- RGB three types of colors
- the transmittances of the G1 and G2 filters are basically the same as the transmittance of the G filter of the first embodiment, the contribution rate for obtaining the luminance signal is higher than 50%. Therefore, the G1 and G2 filters satisfy the above condition (1).
- the transmittance peak of each G1 and G2 filter (sensitivity peak of each G pixel) is in the wavelength range of 480 nm or more and 570 nm or less.
- the transmittances of the G1 and G2 filters are higher than the transmittance of the RB filter within a wavelength range of 500 nm to 560 nm. For this reason, each G1 and G2 filter also satisfies the above-mentioned conditions (2) and (3).
- G1 and G2 filters may be changed as appropriate. Moreover, you may increase the kind of G filter to three or more types.
- Transparent filter (W filter)>
- a color filter mainly including color filters corresponding to RGB colors is shown.
- a part of these color filters may be used as the transparent filter W (white pixel).
- the transparent filter W is a transparent color (first color) filter.
- the transparent filter W is a filter that can transmit light corresponding to the wavelength range of visible light, and has a transmittance of 50% or more for each color of RGB, for example. Since the transmittance of the transparent filter W is higher than that of the G filter, the contribution rate for obtaining the luminance signal is also higher than that of the G color (60%), and satisfies the above condition (1).
- the transmittance peak of the transparent filter W (the peak of the sensitivity of the white pixel) is in the wavelength range of 480 nm to 570 nm. Moreover, the transmittance of the transparent filter W is higher than the transmittance of the RB filter within a wavelength range of 500 nm to 560 nm. For this reason, the transparent filter W also satisfies the above-described conditions (2) and (3). As with the transparent filter W, the G filter satisfies the above-described conditions (1) to (3).
- the transparent filter W satisfies the above-mentioned conditions (1) to (3), it can be used as the first filter of the present invention.
- the color filter array a part of the G filter corresponding to the G color that contributes most to the luminance signal among the three primary colors of RGB is replaced with the transparent filter W, so the above condition (4) is also satisfied.
- E filter a color filter mainly composed of color filters corresponding to RGB colors is shown. However, some of these color filters may be other color filters, for example, corresponding to emerald (E) colors.
- a filter E emerald pixel
- an emerald filter (E filter) may be arranged instead of a part of the first filter (G filter).
- the peak of the transmittance of the emerald filter E (the peak of the sensitivity of the E pixel) is in the wavelength range of 480 nm to 570 nm. Further, the transmittance of the emerald filter E is higher than the transmittance of the RB filter within a wavelength range of 500 nm to 560 nm. For this reason, the emerald filter E satisfies the above-mentioned conditions (2) and (3). Further, in the color filter array, part of the G filter corresponding to the G color that contributes most to the luminance signal among the three primary colors of RGB is replaced with the emerald filter E, so the above condition (4) is also satisfied.
- the emerald filter E has a peak on the shorter wavelength side than the G filter, but has a peak on the longer wavelength side than the G filter (it looks a little yellowish). is there.
- those satisfying the conditions of the present invention can be selected.
- an emerald filter E that satisfies the condition (1) can be selected.
- the color filter array including the primary color RGB color filters has been described.
- G is added to C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow) which are complementary colors of the primary color RGB.
- the present invention can also be applied to a color filter array of four complementary color filters.
- the color filter satisfying any one of the above conditions (1) to (4) is set as the first filter of the present invention, and the other color filter is set as the second filter.
- Each color filter array of each of the above embodiments includes a basic array pattern in which color filters of each color are two-dimensionally arrayed in the horizontal direction (H) and the vertical direction (V), and this basic array pattern is in the horizontal direction (H ) And the vertical direction (V), but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the basic arrangement pattern is repeatedly arranged in an oblique direction (NE, NW) using a so-called honeycomb arrangement basic arrangement pattern obtained by rotating the basic arrangement pattern of each of the above-described embodiments by 45 ° around the optical axis.
- a color filter may be configured by an array pattern.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第1の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子に設けられているカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。
第1の実施形態のカラー撮像素子のカラーフィルタ配列は、下記の特徴(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)及び(5)を有している。
図1に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、2×3画素のサブ配列P1-1、P1-2、P1-3、P1-4からなる4×6画素の基本配列パターンP1(太枠で示したパターン)を含み、この基本配列パターンP1が水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている。
図1に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する色(この実施形態では、Gの色)に対応するGフィルタが、カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直、及び斜め右下、及び斜め右上方向の各ライン内に配置されている。
図1に示すカラーフィルタ配列のサブ配列P1-1、P1-2は、そのサブ配列内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ2画素、3画素、1画素になっており、サブ配列P1-3、P1-4は、そのサブ配列内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ1画素、3画素、2画素になっている。したがって、図1に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンP1は、その基本配列パターン内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ6画素、12画素、6画素になっている。即ち、RGB画素の各画素数の比率は、1:2:1になっており、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与するG画素の画素数の比率は、他の色のR画素、B画素それぞれの画素数の比率よりも大きくなっている。
図1に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、上記Gの色以外の2色以上の他の色(この実施形態では、R,Bの色)に対応するRフィルタ、Bフィルタが、基本配列パターンP1内においてカラーフィルタ配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置されている。
図1に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、対称性を有する。すなわち、図1に示すサブ配列P1-2、P1-4は、そのサブ配列の中心を通る水平方向の線に対して線対称となっている。このような対称性により、後段の処理回路の回路規模を小さくしたり、簡略化したりすることが可能になる。
図4は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第2の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子に設けられているカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。
図4に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、3×4画素のサブ配列P2-1、P2-2からなる6×4画素の基本配列パターンP2(太枠で示したパターン)を含み、この基本配列パターンP2が水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている。
図4に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する色(この実施形態では、Gの色)に対応するGフィルタが、カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直、斜め右上及び斜め右下方向の各ライン内に配置されている。
図4に示すカラーフィルタ配列のサブ配列P2-1、P2-2は、そのサブ配列内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ3画素、6画素、3画素になっている。したがって、図4に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンP1は、その基本配列パターン内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ6画素、12画素、6画素になっている。即ち、RGB画素の各画素数の比率は、1:2:1になっており、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与するG画素の画素数の比率は、他の色のR画素、B画素それぞれの画素数の比率よりも大きくなっている。
図4に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、上記Gの色以外の2色以上の他の色(この実施形態では、R,Bの色)に対応するRフィルタ、Bフィルタが、基本配列パターンP2内においてカラーフィルタ配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置されている。
図7は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第3の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子に設けられているカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。
図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、3×5画素のサブ配列P3-1、P3-2からなる6×5画素の基本配列パターンP3(太枠で示したパターン)を含み、この基本配列パターンP2が水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている。
図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する色(この実施形態では、Gの色)に対応するGフィルタが、カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直、斜め右上及び斜め右下方向の各ライン内に配置されている。
図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列のサブ配列P3-1、P3-2は、そのサブ配列内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ3画素又は4画素、8画素、4画素又は3画素になっている。したがって、図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンP3は、その基本配列パターン内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ7画素、16画素、7画素になっており、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与するG画素の画素数の比率は、他の色のR画素、B画素の画素数の比率よりも大きくなっている。
図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、上記Gの色以外の2色以上の他の色(この実施形態では、R,Bの色)に対応するRフィルタ、Bフィルタが、基本配列パターンP2内においてカラーフィルタ配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置されている。
図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、対称性を有する。図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列のサブ配列P3-1,P3-2は、そのサブ配列パターンの中心(中心のRフィルタ又はBフィルタの中心)に対して点対称になっている。
図7に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、Gフィルタからなる2×2画素に対応する正方配列を含んでいる。サブ配列P3-1、P3-2は、4隅にGフィルタが配置されているため、サブ配列P3-1、P3-2を水平方向及び垂直方向に2つずつ合計4個並べる、又は基本配列パターンP3を左右方向に2つ並べると、その中心部にGフィルタからなる2×2画素に対応する正方配列が出現する。
図11は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第4の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子に設けられているカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。
図11に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、4×5画素に対応する正方配列パターンからなる基本配列パターンP4(太枠で示したパターン)を含み、この基本配列パターンP4が水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている。基本配列パターンP4は、垂直方向に4画素、水平方向に5画素であるが逆でもかまわない。
図11に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する色(この実施形態では、Gの色)に対応するGフィルタが、カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直、斜め右上及び斜め右下方向の各ライン内に配置されている。
図11に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンP4は、その基本配列パターン内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ5画素、10画素、5画素になっている。即ち、RGB画素の各画素数の比率は、1:2:1になっており、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与するG画素の画素数の比率は、他の色のR画素、B画素それぞれの画素数の比率よりも大きくなっている。
図11に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、上記Gの色以外の2色以上の他の色(この実施形態では、R,Bの色)に対応するRフィルタ、Bフィルタが、基本配列パターンP4内においてカラーフィルタ配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置されている。
図14は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第5の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子に設けられているカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。
図14に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、4×5画素に対応する正方配列パターンからなる基本配列パターンP5(太枠で示したパターン)を含み、この基本配列パターンP5が水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている。基本配列パターンP5は、垂直方向に4画素、水平方向に5画素であるが逆でもかまわない。
図14に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する色(この実施形態では、Gの色)に対応するGフィルタが、カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直、斜め右上及び斜め右下方向の各ライン内に配置されている。
図14に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンP5は、その基本配列パターン内におけるR、G、Bフィルタに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ5画素、10画素、5画素になっている。即ち、RGB画素の各画素数の比率は、1:2:1になっており、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与するG画素の画素数の比率は、他の色のR画素、B画素それぞれの画素数の比率よりも大きくなっている。
図14に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、上記Gの色以外の2色以上の他の色(この実施形態では、R,Bの色)に対応するRフィルタ、Bフィルタが、基本配列パターンP5内においてカラーフィルタ配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置されている。
また、上述の各実施形態では、第1の色として緑(G)を採用し、第2の色として赤(R)及び青(B)を採用した例について説明したが、カラーフィルタで使用しうる色はこれらの色に限定されるものではなく、以下の条件を満たす色に対応するカラーフィルタを用いることもできる。
上記各実施形態では、本発明の第1の色を有する第1のフィルタとしてG色のGフィルタを例に挙げて説明を行ったが、Gフィルタの代わりに、あるいはGフィルタの一部に代えて、下記条件(1)から条件(4)のいずれかを満たすフィルタを用いてもよい。
条件(1)は、輝度信号を得るための寄与率が50%以上であることである。この寄与率50%は、本発明の第1の色(G色など)と、第2の色(R、B色など)とを区別するために定めた値であって、輝度データを得るための寄与率がR色、B色などよりも相対的に高くなる色が「第1の色」に含まれるように定めた値である。
条件(2)は、フィルタの透過率のピークが波長480nm以上570nm以下の範囲内にあることである。フィルタの透過率は、例えば分光光度計で測定された値が用いられる。この波長範囲は、本発明の第1の色(G色など)と、第2の色(R、B色など)とを区別するために定められた範囲であって、前述の寄与率が相対的に低くなるR色、B色などのピークが含まれず、かつ寄与率が相対的に高くなるG色などのピークが含まれるように定められた範囲である。したがって、透過率のピークが波長480nm以上570nm以下の範囲内にあるフィルタを第1のフィルタとして用いることができる。なお、透過率のピークが波長480nm以上570nm以下の範囲外となるフィルタが本発明の第2のフィルタ(Rフィルタ、Bフィルタ)となる。
条件(3)は、波長500nm以上560nm以下の範囲内での透過率が第2のフィルタ(RフィルタやBフィルタ)の透過率よりも高いことである。この条件(3)においても、フィルタの透過率は例えば分光光度計で測定された値が用いられる。この条件(3)の波長範囲も、本発明の第1の色(G色など)と、第2の色(R、B色など)とを区別するために定められた範囲であって、R色やB色などよりも前述の寄与率が相対的に高くなる色を有するフィルタの透過率が、RBフィルタなどの透過率よりも高くなる範囲である。したがって、透過率が波長500nm以上560nm以下の範囲内で相対的に高いフィルタを第1のフィルタとして用い、透過率が相対的に低いフィルタを第2のフィルタとして用いることができる。
条件(4)は、3原色のうち最も輝度信号に寄与する色(例えばRGBのうちのG色)と、この3原色とは異なる色とを含む2色以上のフィルタを、第1のフィルタとして用いることである。この場合には、第1のフィルタの各色以外の色に対応するフィルタが第2のフィルタとなる。
したがって、第1のフィルタとしてのG色のGフィルタは一種類に限定されるものではなく、例えば複数種類のGフィルタ(G1フィルタ、G2フィルタ)を第1のフィルタとして用いることもできる。すなわち上述の各実施形態に係るカラーフィルタ(基本配列パターン)のGフィルタが、G1フィルタまたはG2フィルタに適宜置き換えられてもよい。G1フィルタは第1の波長帯域のG光を透過し、G2フィルタはG1フィルタと相関の高い第2の波長帯域のG光を透過する(図17参照)。
上述の実施形態では、主としてRGB色に対応する色フィルタから成るカラーフィルタが示されているが、これらの色フィルタの一部を透明フィルタW(白色画素)としてもよい。特に第1のフィルタ(Gフィルタ)の一部に代えて透明フィルタWを配置することが好ましい。このようにG画素の一部を白色画素に置き換えることにより、画素サイズを微細化しても色再現性の劣化を抑制することができる。
上述の実施形態では、主としてRGB色に対応する色フィルタから成るカラーフィルタが示されているが、これらの色フィルタの一部を他の色フィルタとしてもよく、例えばエメラルド(E)色に対応するフィルタE(エメラルド画素)としてもよい。特に第1のフィルタ(Gフィルタ)の一部に代えてエメラルドフィルタ(Eフィルタ)を配置しても良い。このようにGフィルタの一部をEフィルタで置き換えた4色のカラーフィルタ配列を用いることで、輝度の高域成分の再現を向上させ、ジャギネスを低減させるとともに、解像度感の向上を可能とすることができる。
上述の各実施形態では、原色RGBのカラーフィルタで構成されるカラーフィルタ配列について説明したが、例えば原色RGBの補色であるC(シアン)、M(マゼンタ)、Y(イエロー)に、Gを加えた4色の補色系のカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列にも本発明を適用することができる。この場合も上記条件(1)~(4)のいずれかを満たすカラーフィルタを本発明の第1のフィルタとし、他のカラーフィルタを第2のフィルタとする。
上記各実施形態の各カラーフィルタ配列は、各色のカラーフィルタが水平方向(H)及び垂直方向(V)に2次元配列されてなる基本配列パターンを含み、かつこの基本配列パターンが水平方向(H)及び垂直方向(V)に繰り返し配置されてなるが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
Claims (15)
- 水平方向及び垂直方向に配列された光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に、カラーフィルタが配設されてなる単板式のカラー撮像素子であって、
前記カラーフィルタの配列は、1色以上の第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと、輝度信号を得るための寄与率が前記第1の色よりも低い2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとが配列されたM×N(M,N:4以上の整数であり、少なくとも1つは奇数、M≠N)の基本配列パターンを含み、該基本配列パターンが水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返して配置され、
前記第1のフィルタは、前記基本配列パターン内に市松模様状に配置され、
前記第2の色の各色に対応する前記第2のフィルタは、前記基本配列パターン内に前記カラーフィルタの配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置され、
前記第1のフィルタに対応する第1の色の画素数の比率は、前記第2のフィルタに対応する第2の色の各色の画素数の比率よりも大きいカラー撮像素子。 - 水平方向及び垂直方向に配列された光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に、カラーフィルタが配設されてなる単板式のカラー撮像素子であって、
前記カラーフィルタの配列は、1色以上の第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと、輝度信号を得るための寄与率が前記第1の色よりも低い2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとが配列されたM×N(M,N:整数であり、少なくとも1つは奇数、M≠N)のサブ配列と、前記サブ配列をk(k:2以上の整数)個並べた基本配列パターンを含み、該基本配列パターンが水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返して配置され、
前記第1のフィルタは、前記サブ配列内に市松模様状に配置され、
前記第2の色の各色に対応する前記第2のフィルタは、前記基本配列パターン内に前記カラーフィルタの配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置され、
前記第1のフィルタに対応する第1の色の画素数の比率は、前記第2のフィルタに対応する第2の色の各色の画素数の比率よりも大きいカラー撮像素子。 - 前記Mは3であり、前記Nは前記Mより大きく、
前記kは2であり、
前記基本配列パターンは、画素数が2M×Nとなるように前記サブ配列が2個並べられて形成される請求項2に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記Nは3であり、前記Mは前記Nより小さく、
前記kは4であり、
前記基本配列パターンは、画素数が2M×2Nとなるように前記サブ配列が4個並べられて形成される請求項2に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記第1のフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタの配列の水平、垂直、斜め右下及び斜め右上方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置された請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記第2の色の各色に対応する前記第2のフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタの配列の水平、垂直、斜め右下及び斜め右上方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置された請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記第1の色は、緑(G)色であり、前記第2の色は、赤(R)色及び青(B)色である請求項1に記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、
前記基本配列パターン内において、前記Rフィルタ、前記Gフィルタ及び前記Bフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタの配列の水平及び垂直方向に同色のカラーフィルタが隣接しないように配置される請求項7に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、
前記基本配列パターン内において、前記Rフィルタ、前記Gフィルタ及び前記Bフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタの配列の斜め右上又は斜め右下方向に沿って配置される請求項7に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、
前記基本配列パターン内において、前記Rフィルタ及び前記Bフィルタは、前記Rフィルタと前記Bフィルタとが同じ数又は前記Rフィルタと前記Bフィルタとの差が1となるように、かつ不規則に配置される請求項7に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記第1の色は、緑(G)色であり、前記第2の色は、赤(R)色及び青(B)色である請求項2から4のいずれか1項に記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、
前記サブ配列内において、前記Rフィルタ、前記Gフィルタ及び前記Bフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタの配列の水平及び垂直方向に隣接しないように配置される請求項11に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、
前記サブ配列内において、前記Rフィルタ、前記Gフィルタ及び前記Bフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタの配列の斜め右上又は斜め右下方向に沿って配置される請求項11に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、
前記サブ配列内において、前記Rフィルタ及び前記Bフィルタは、前記Rフィルタと前記Bフィルタとが同じ数又は前記Rフィルタと前記Bフィルタとの差が1となるように、かつ不規則に配置される請求項11に記載のカラー撮像素子。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載のカラー撮像素子を備えた撮像装置。
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KR101733443B1 (ko) | 2008-05-20 | 2017-05-10 | 펠리칸 이매징 코포레이션 | 이종 이미저를 구비한 모놀리식 카메라 어레이를 이용한 이미지의 캡처링 및 처리 |
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- 2012-12-27 WO PCT/JP2012/083840 patent/WO2013100035A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-12-27 EP EP12862082.0A patent/EP2800378A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-27 CN CN201280064973.0A patent/CN104012084B/zh active Active
- 2012-12-27 JP JP2013551781A patent/JP5621055B2/ja active Active
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2014
- 2014-06-25 US US14/314,555 patent/US8982253B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5621055B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
JPWO2013100035A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
CN104012084B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
US20140307132A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2800378A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
CN104012084A (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
US8982253B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
EP2800378A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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